74-688: Léogâne ( Haitian Creole : Leyogàn ) is one of the coastal communes in Haiti . It is located in the eponymous Léogâne Arrondissement , which is part of the Ouest Department . The port town is located about 30 km (19 mi) west of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince . Léogâne has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts , music , literature , cuisine , and architecture . It also holds importance for archaeological and historical sites such as Fort Campan . The town
148-571: A "tool of education". The Constitution of 1987 names both Haitian Creole and French as the official languages, but recognizes Haitian Creole as the only language that all Haitians hold in common. French is spoken by only a small percentage of citizens. Even without government recognition, by the end of the 19th century, there were already literary texts written in Haitian Creole such as Oswald Durand 's Choucoune and Georges Sylvain 's Cric? Crac! . Félix Morisseau-Leroy
222-644: A being full service healthcare institution. Since 2005 (before the 12 January 2010 earthquake ) the city has had an Episcopalian nursing school, Faculté des Sciences Infirmières de l'Université Épiscopale d'Haïti à Léogâne . A new Catholic school, "Notre Dame des Anges", run by the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus ), and made possible by money sent from the Vatican, was dedicated by Catholic and government officials on Thursday, 27 November 2014, about five years after
296-451: A daily basis and is often heard in ordinary conversation. There is a large population in Haiti that speaks only Haitian Creole, whether under formal or informal conditions: French plays no role in the very formal situation of a Haitian peasant (more than 80% of the population make a living from agriculture) presiding at a family gathering after the death of a member, or at the worship of
370-487: A destination for adventure tourism . Each year thousands of people from all over the country make religious pilgrimages to Léogâne to visit the many patron Saints in the area. No other place in Haiti houses more religious pilgrimages sites than Léogâne, from Saint Dominique to Saints André, Antoine, Gérard, Philogène, and Saintes Thérèse and Rose. Léogâne is the host location for several annual cultural events which attract thousands of national and international visitors to
444-530: A field hospital which began full operation in late February 2010 as the new Hospital St. Croix . World Wide Village and the University of Notre Dame continued to send teams to the nursing school and field hospital to meet ongoing health care needs in Léogâne. The NGOs Heart to Heart International and Médecins Sans Frontières provided medical aid at clinical sites in the area. As Léogâne has no airport,
518-789: A form of dance, and sometimes a technique of political protest . The town of Léogâne is best known for its Rara but the festival is practiced all over Haiti and is different from region to region. Local Rara societies form musical parading bands that walk for miles through local territory, attracting fans and singing old and new songs. Rara bands often stop at crossroads, the homes of community leaders and important religious spots—cemeteries for example, where they salute their ancestors. Musicians play drums, sing, and sound bamboo horns and tin trumpets. The typical Rara orchestra consists of drums followed by bamboo instruments called bamboo or vaccine, some metal horns called konet , and then several waves of percussion players with small, hand-held instruments like
592-454: A hospital. On 27 February 2010, 190 South Korean Peacekeepers left home for deployment in Léogâne and by February 28, 2010, 240 members of South Korean Peacekeepers ( Task Force Danbi / Operation Danbi) had arrived. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization started a "cash-for-work" program to clear irrigation canals in the Léogâne area. By February 9, 2010, the US 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit
666-467: A lagoon. Despite the abundance of water in the region, only three communal sections are irrigable: Dessources, Petite-Rivière and Grande-Rivière. These sections are crossed by several rivers and streams, some more important than others. The Momance River in Grande-Rivière , for example, is the most significant river in Léogâne, because it is widely used for irrigation purposes. This river also has
740-672: A market exceeding two million potential customers, excluding the five hundred thousand people living in the Region Des Palmes or palm tree region. The abundant labor force constitutes another important production factor in Léogâne. The region's population consists of more than 55% young adults who are willing and able to work. Léogâne has the capacity for 100,000 active farmers to enter the labor market, excluding prospective workers coming from neighboring municipalities. Léogâne has many tourist attractions including renovated historical sites such as Fort Campan, Latounèl Gwoso, and one of
814-494: A military officer stationed in Léogâne. He resigned from the military, refusing to surrender to the U.S. troops without a fight. Afterwards, he returned to his native town of Hinche and began leading the Cacos against the occupation forces. Léogâne was at the epicenter of the 7.0 magnitude 12 January 2010 earthquake and a United Nations assessment team that investigated three main towns near Port-au-Prince found that Léogâne
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#1732779840503888-474: A result would try to learn French to communicate with one another, though most were denied a formal education. With the constant trafficking and enslavement of Africans, the language became increasingly distinct from French. The language was also picked up by other members of the community and became used by the majority of those born in what is now Haiti. In Saint-Domingue , people of all classes spoke Creole French . There were both lower and higher registers of
962-564: A similar pronunciation. Many towns, places or sites have their official name being a translation of the Taino word. Haitian Creole developed in the 17th and 18th centuries in the colony of Saint-Domingue , in a setting that mixed speakers of various Niger–Congo languages with French colonists. In the early 1940s under President Élie Lescot , attempts were made to standardize the language. American linguistic expert Frank Laubach and Irish Methodist missionary H. Ormonde McConnell developed
1036-470: A standardized Haitian Creole orthography . Although some regarded the orthography highly, it was generally not well received. Its orthography was standardized in 1979. That same year Haitian Creole was elevated in status by the Act of 18 September 1979. The Institut Pédagogique National established an official orthography for Creole, and slight modifications were made over the next two decades. For example,
1110-545: A white Frenchwoman for a wife. Tell her, if you please. We won't kill anymore whites, brothers, friends, and camarades of ours. Your son hugs you, my dear mother. Congo, free and independent Haitian, at Trou-Salé. Haitian Creole and French have similar pronunciations and also share many lexical items. However, many cognate terms actually have different meanings. For example, as Valdman mentions in Haitian Creole: Structure, Variation, Status, Origin ,
1184-567: Is a French-based creole language spoken by 10 to 12 million people worldwide, and is one of the two official languages of Haiti (the other being French), where it is the native language of the vast majority of the population. Northern, Central, and Southern dialects are the three main dialects of Haitian Creole. The Northern dialect is predominantly spoken in Cap-Haïtien , Central is spoken in Port-au-Prince , and Southern in
1258-455: Is a crop of vital importance to the entire national economy. It is one of the major cash crops for Léogâne's peasants living in the humid mountain areas considered ecologically strategic for the country. Nearly 200,000 households at the national level are engaged in coffee growing with at least 20% of their annual income derived from coffee, providing them with cash income for family expenses including education, health, and investing in cattle and
1332-662: Is also spoken in regions that have received migration from Haiti, including other Caribbean islands, French Guiana , Martinique , France , Canada (particularly Quebec ) and the United States (including the U.S. state of Louisiana ). It is related to Antillean Creole , spoken in the Lesser Antilles , and to other French-based creole languages. The word creole comes from the Portuguese term crioulo , which means "a person raised in one's house" and from
1406-540: Is bounded to the north by the Gulf of Gonâve , to the east by the commune of Gressier , to the south by the summit of the Massif de la Selle which separates it from the south-east (Jacmel), and to the west by the commune of Grand-Goâve . Léogâne is a commune with widely diverse microclimates. The average temperature in Léogâne is warm and stays approximately the same throughout the year. Temperatures are almost always high in
1480-533: Is hosted by the Sainte Croix Hospital and, with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, assists the hospital in conducting a Ministry of Health-sanctioned reference center to research, treat and control the mosquito-borne disease lymphatic filariasis (also known as elephantiasis ). GOALS (Global Outreach and Love of Soccer) is a permanent sport-for-development organization in Léogâne which uses soccer to mobilize youth to improve health,
1554-423: Is not mutually intelligible with standard French, and it also has its own distinctive grammar. Some estimate that Haitians are the largest community in the world to speak a modern creole language , others estimate that more people speak Nigerian Pidgin . Haitian Creole's use in communities and schools has been contentious since at least the 19th century. Some Haitians view French as inextricably linked to
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#17327798405031628-400: Is often considered the high language and Haitian Creole as the low language in the diglossic relationship of these two languages in society. That is to say, for the minority of Haitian population that is bilingual, the use of these two languages largely depends on the social context: standard French is used more in public, especially in formal situations, whereas Haitian Creole is used more on
1702-501: Is practiced throughout the coastal areas. Aviculture and apiculture farms have been rapidly expanding in recent years. The Jean Léopold Dominique sugar mill in Darbonne produces surplus cane molasses, some of which is supplied to the smaller alcohol distilleries around the commune. The sugar mill has a production capacity of 375,000 metric tons of sugar; it also has the ability to produce 22 megawatts (MW) of electricity. Coffee
1776-425: Is similar in phonetic structure. The phrase-structure is another similarity between Haitian Creole and French but differs slightly in that it contains details from its African substratum language. Both Haitian Creole and French have also experienced semantic change : words that had a single meaning in the 17th century have changed or have been replaced in both languages. For example, " Ki jan ou rele? " ("What
1850-472: Is your name?") corresponds to the French " Comment vous appelez‑vous ? ". Although the average French speaker would not understand this phrase, every word in it is in fact of French origin: qui "who"; genre "manner"; vous "you", and héler "to call", but the verb héler has been replaced by appeler in modern French and reduced to a meaning of "to flag down". Lefebvre proposed
1924-668: The Cayes area. The language emerged from contact between French settlers and enslaved Africans during the Atlantic slave trade in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti ) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although its vocabulary largely derives from 18th-century French, its grammar is that of a West African Volta-Congo language branch, particularly the Fongbe and Igbo languages. It also has influences from Spanish, English, Portuguese, Taíno, and other West African languages. It
1998-540: The Central Tano languages , and Bantu languages from Central Africa. Singler suggests that the number of Bantu speakers decreased while the number of Kwa speakers increased, with Gbe being the most dominant group. The first fifty years of Saint‑Domingue 's sugar boom coincided with emergent Gbe predominance in the French Caribbean . In the interval during which Singler hypothesizes the language evolved,
2072-479: The Haitian Revolution , Jean-Jacques Dessalines ordered his men to burn the town to the ground to force out the last of the French colonists. Léogâne was also the birthplace of Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité , an Empress of Haiti and wife of Haitian revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines . Charlemagne Péralte , the leader of the Haitian resistance to the U.S. occupation that began in 1915, had been
2146-648: The Latin creare , which means "to create, make, bring forth, produce, beget". In the New World , the term originally referred to Europeans born and raised in overseas colonies (as opposed to the European-born peninsulares ). To be "as rich as a Creole" at one time was a popular saying boasted in Paris during the colonial years of Haiti (then named Saint-Domingue ), for being the most lucrative colony in
2220-402: The hyphen (-) is no longer used, nor is the apostrophe. The only accent mark retained is the grave accent in ⟨è⟩ and ⟨ò⟩ . The Constitution of 1987 upgraded Haitian Creole to a national language alongside French. It classified French as the langue d'instruction or "language of instruction", and Creole was classified as an outil d'enseignement or
2294-411: The multigraphs ⟨ch⟩ , ⟨ou⟩ , ⟨oun⟩ , and ⟨ui⟩ ). The Haitian Creole alphabet has no ⟨q⟩ or ⟨x⟩ ; when ⟨x⟩ is used in loanwords and proper nouns, it represents the sounds /ks/ , /kz/ , or /gz/ . (or à before an n) Technical communication Too Many Requests If you report this error to
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2368-623: The 12 January 2010 earthquake. Léogâne is home to five major league sports teams: the Léogâne Cycling Club (LCC), Cavaly Association Sportive Club (CASPORT), League Basketball Léogânaise (LBL), the Valencia Football Club (VFC), and the Anacaona Football Club (AFC). The Léogâne Cycling Club (LCC) came into being 15 December 2002 following a race that was organized in the region in which many of
2442-407: The 17th century, French and Spanish colonizers produced tobacco , cotton , and sugar cane on the island. Throughout this period, the population was made of roughly equal numbers of engagés (white workers), gens de couleur libres (free people of colour) and slaves. The economy shifted more decisively into sugar production about 1690, just before the French colony of Saint-Domingue
2516-596: The 18th. The Canadian Medical Assistance Team (CMAT) arrived on the 19th, and set to work performing surgeries. The missionaries of World Wide Village set up outpatient clinics beside the Japanese Red Cross at the nursing school in Léogâne within days after the earthquake. Volunteer medical personal and teams of volunteer surgeons from World Wide Village and the University of Notre Dame examined and treated thousands of patients. World Wide Village set up
2590-522: The Canadians used the small strip at Jacmel to avoid the bottleneck in Port-au-Prince and had 250–300 personnel there the next day. The Canadian 1 Field Hospital was deployed to Léogâne. The Cuban military set up a field hospital in the region as well. Canadian soldiers provided security for food distribution points. The Canadian medical facility was located near the Japanese field hospital, which
2664-839: The Concacaf Competitions of Clubs in 2009 and several of its former players have secured professional contracts in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the United States. The Valencia Football Club (VFC) is a Haitian professional soccer club located in Léogâne. The club plays in Haiti's top national league, the Ligue Haïtienne . Valencia FC was founded on June 27, 1972. The club won its first national championship in 2012 and several of its former players have secured professional contracts in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and
2738-535: The Fongbe language, is a modern Gbe language native to Benin , Nigeria and Togo in West Africa . This language has a grammatical structure similar to Haitian Creole, possibly making Creole a relexification of Fon with vocabulary from French. The two languages are often compared: There are a number of Taino influences in Haitian Creole; many objects, fruit and animal names are either haitianized or have
2812-560: The French court appointed Jean-Baptiste du Casse to succeed Pierre-Paul Tarin de Cussy as governor of Saint-Domingue after he was killed in the Battle of Sabana Real . It was during this time that du Casse had renamed the area Léogâne , with traces of the Taino name Yaguana , as were other names of places that were maintained by the Spanish and transmitted over to the French administration. The French secured legal access to one-third of
2886-569: The Gbe population was around 50% of the kidnapped enslaved population. Classical French ( français classique ) and langues d'oïl ( Norman , Poitevin and Saintongeais dialects, Gallo and Picard ) were spoken during the 17th and 18th centuries in Saint‑Domingue , as well as in New France and French West Africa . Slaves lacked a common means of communication and as
2960-597: The United States. Johanniter International built top of the bill rehabilitation center in Léogâne, which was donated to the Seventh Day Adventist Hospital, and six community clinics in the region of Léogâne. They trained more than 30,000 villagers in disaster reduction and preparation. Deep Springs International (sponsor of Gadyen Dlo) and the Children's Nutrition Program are based in Léogâne. The University of Notre Dame of Indiana, U.S.,
3034-402: The agricultural sector. Construction enterprises are emerging at such an alarming rate that many territories that were once occupied by crops are now restricted to concrete. Two other sub-sectors occupy a statistically relevant role in the economy; transportation and private schools. Proximity to the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince is also of economic significance to Léogâne. It constitutes
Léogâne - Misplaced Pages Continue
3108-2219: The blow from the hurricane put me in the position of getting it refitted again. The Entrepreneur. Is it taking on a lot of water? The Captain. The first days after the storm, we took on thirty six inches in twenty four hours; but in clear weather I made them take as much of it out as I was able, and attached it the best we possibly could; we're presently taking on not even thirteen inches. Haïti, l'an 1er, 5e, jour de l'indépendance. Chère maman moi, Ambassadeurs à nous, partis pour chercher argent France, moi voulé écrire à vous par yo, pour dire vous combien nous contens. Français bons, oublié tout. Papas nous révoltés contre yo, papas nous tués papas yo, fils yo, gérens yo, papas nous brûlées habitations yo. Bagasse, eux veni trouver nous! et dis nous, vous donner trente millions de gourdes à nous et nous laisser Haïti vous? Vous veni acheter sucre, café, indigo à nous? mais vous payer moitié droit à nous. Vous penser chère maman moi, que nous accepté marché yo. Président à nous embrassé bon papa Makau. Yo bu santé roi de France, santé Boyer , santé Christophe , santé Haïti, santé indépendance. Puis yo dansé Balcindé et Bai chi ca colé avec Haïtienes. Moi pas pouvé dire vous combien tout ça noble et beau. Venir voir fils à vous sur habitation, maman moi, li donné vous cassave, gouillave et pimentade. Li ben content si pouvez mener li blanche france pour épouse. Dis li, si ben heureuse. Nous plus tuer blancs, frères, amis, et camarades à nous. Fils à vous embrasse vous, chère maman moi. Congo, Haïtien libre et indépendant, au Trou-Salé. Haiti, 1st year, 5th day of independence. My dear mother, Our ambassadors left to get money from France, I want to write to you through them, to tell you how much we are happy. The French are good, they forgot everything. Our fathers revolted against them, our fathers killed their fathers, sons, managers, and our fathers burned down their plantations. Well, they came to find us, and told us, "you give thirty million gourdes to us and we'll leave Haiti to you? (And we replied) Will you come buy sugar, coffee, and indigo from us? You will pay only half directly to us." Do you believe my dear mother, that we accepted
3182-551: The capital. As the municipal buildings were destroyed, city hall was moved to a telecommunications building. Among the facilities destroyed in the quake was the Sainte Rose de Lima School, considered the emotional heart of the city. Buildings on the main commercial strip or Grand Rue , the Saint Croix Hospital , and the tribunal de paix ("court of the peace") building were all destroyed or heavily damaged by
3256-515: The city each year, notably Rara and Fête Champêtre. Léogâne is the bastion of Rara , a rural festival that is one of the most popular cultural events of Haitian origin, dating to colonial times. The boisterous Rara season starts with the Carnival and keeps going through Lent, culminating in Easter week. The phenomenon of Rara is at once a season, a festival , a genre of music, a religious ritual,
3330-491: The city. The centerpiece of the city was the now-destroyed Roman Catholic Sainte Rose de Lima Church. Prior to the earthquake, there was a hospital run by the Episcopalian Diocese, with Presbyterian missionary collaboration; Hopital Sainte-Croix (Holy Cross). The hospital had closed to inpatients two years previously, and although it had continued with a variety of outpatient services, it is since restored to
3404-463: The construction of houses. Tombe Gateau Léogâne is home to the largest coffee mill in Haiti which serves the Southeast region, Center, Artibonite, and Grande-Anse. The Federation of Native Coffee Associations (FACN), is the owner of the trademark "Haitian Bleu", a blend of coffee beans. The production of building materials plays an important role in the local economy and is in fierce competition with
3478-418: The country's newly instated "Creole Day". Haitian Creole writers often use different literary strategies throughout their works, such as code-switching, to increase the audience's knowledge on the language. Literature in Haitian Creole is also used to educate the public on the dictatorial social and political forces in Haiti. Although both French and Haitian Creole are official languages in Haiti , French
3552-541: The deal? Our President hugged the good papa Makau (the French ambassador). They drank to the health of the King of France , to the health of Boyer , to the health of Christophe , to the health of Haiti, to independence. Then they danced Balcindé and Bai chi ca colé with Haitian women. I can't tell you how much all of this is so beautiful and noble. Come see your son at his plantation, my mother, he will give you cassava, goyava, and pimentade. He will be happy if you can bring him
3626-404: The earthquake in 2010, basic education became free and more accessible to the monolingual masses. In the 2010s, the government has attempted to expand the use of Creole and improve the school system. Haitian Creole has a phonemic orthography with highly regular spelling, except for proper nouns and foreign words. According to the official standardized orthography, Haitian Creole is composed of
3700-621: The earthquake. British urban search and rescue teams with Rapid-UK along with the Icelandic search and rescue team were the first to reach the destroyed town on January 17, 2010. The Canadian destroyer HMCS Athabaskan reached the area on Tuesday, 19 January. The Athabaskan 's crew of 280 were tasked with supplying humanitarian aid to the city and assisting in relief efforts. A Japanese field hospital , Sri Lankan peacekeeper unit, and an Argentine White Helmets field hospital treated survivors, The Japanese and Argentinians arrived on
3774-411: The education system has been French-dominant. Except the children of elites, many had to drop out of school because learning French was very challenging to them and they had a hard time to follow up. The Bernard Reform of 1978 tried to introduce Creole as the teaching language in the first four years of primary school; however, the reform overall was not very successful. The use of Creole has grown; after
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#17327798405033848-450: The environment and local leadership. La Faculté des Sciences Infirmières de l'Université Épiscopale d'Haïti à Léogâne (FSIL) is a nursing school located in Léogâne. Haitian Creole language Haitian Creole ( / ˈ h eɪ ʃ ən ˈ k r iː oʊ l / ; Haitian Creole: kreyòl ayisyen , [kɣejɔl ajisjɛ̃] ; French: créole haïtien , [kʁe.ɔl a.i.sjɛ̃] ), or simply Creole (Haitian Creole: kreyòl ),
3922-449: The family lwa or voodoo spirits, or contacting a Catholic priest for a church baptism, marriage, or solemn mass, or consulting a physician, nurse, or dentist, or going to a civil officer to declare a death or birth. In most schools, French is still the preferred language for teaching. Generally speaking, Creole is more used in public schools, as that is where most children of ordinary families who speak Creole attend school. Historically,
3996-814: The following 32 symbols: ⟨a⟩ , ⟨an⟩ , ⟨b⟩ , ⟨ch⟩ , ⟨d⟩ , ⟨e⟩ , ⟨è⟩ , ⟨en⟩ , ⟨f⟩ , ⟨g⟩ , ⟨h⟩ , ⟨i⟩ , ⟨j⟩ , ⟨k⟩ , ⟨l⟩ , ⟨m⟩ , ⟨n⟩ , ⟨ng⟩ , ⟨o⟩ , ⟨ò⟩ , ⟨on⟩ , ⟨ou⟩ , ⟨oun⟩ , ⟨p⟩ , ⟨r⟩ , ⟨s⟩ , ⟨t⟩ , ⟨ui⟩ , ⟨v⟩ , ⟨w⟩ , ⟨y⟩ , and ⟨z⟩ . The letters ⟨c⟩ and ⟨u⟩ are always associated with another letter (in
4070-538: The island from the Spanish crown by the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 and established a city. The town was destroyed in an earthquake in 1770 . In 1791 and 1792, Romaine-la-Prophétesse , who owned a plantation outside Léogâne (in what is now the Fondwa area) and had been influential in the local community, led rebels in taking control of the town and destroying many nearby plantations and freeing their slaves. In 1803, later in
4144-922: The language, depending on education and class. Creole served as a lingua franca throughout the West Indies . L'Entrepreneur. Mo sorti apprend, Mouché, qué vou té éprouvé domage dan traversée. Le Capitaine. Ça vrai. L'Entr. Vou crére qué navire à vou gagné bisoin réparations? Le C. Ly té carené anvant nou parti, mai coup z'ouragan là mété moué dan cas fair ly bay encor nion radoub. L'Entr. Ly fair d'iau en pile? Le C. Primié jours aprés z'orage, nou té fair trente-six pouces par vingt-quatre heurs; mai dan beau tem mo fair yo dégagé ça mo pu, et tancher miyor possible, nou fair à présent necqué treize pouces. The Entrepreneur. I just learned, sir, that you garnered damages in your crossing. The Captain. That's true. The Entrepreneur. Do you believe that your ship needs repair? The Captain. It careened before we left, but
4218-442: The legacy of colonialism and language compelled on the population by conquerers, while Creole has been maligned by francophones as a miseducated person's French. Until the late 20th century, Haitian presidents spoke only standard French to their fellow citizens, and until the 21st century, all instruction at Haitian elementary schools was in modern standard French, a second language to most of their students. Haitian Creole
4292-951: The lowland areas, ranging from 15 °C to 25 °C in the winter and from 25 °C to 30 °C during the summer. The lowland portion is relatively warm throughout the year; the dry mountains have moderate temperatures; the humid mountainous areas have very mild temperatures and fairly high humidity all year round. The annual rainfall is between 800 millimeters to 1277 millimeters. The dry mountains in Léogâne receive less than 800 millimeters of rain annually. The areas in this group include Fond de Boudin , Palmiste à Vin , Gros Morne , Cormiers , Petit-Harpon , and Citronnier . The humid mountains in Léogâne receive more than 800 millimeters of rainfall yearly. This areas in this group include Orangers , Aux-Parques , Beauséjour , and Fond d’Oie . The commune of Léogâne has six rivers ( Rouyonne , Momance , Cormier , Ravine Seche , Haut-Saut , and Courbyon , in addition to nineteen streams, two ponds and
4366-459: The maraca, and finally a chorus of singers. Rara has evolved into an important contributor to the local economy. Rara season attracts positive media attention and stimulates commercial activity that generates significant revenue for the cultural, tourism, and hospitality industries by drawing many visitors to Léogâne. The net result has been the growth of rara-driven festival tourism that has created an alternative and sustainable source of revenue for
4440-483: The most ancient windmills in the western hemisphere, located in Baussan . Léogâne is also a home to thousands of local plants and natural species and the best way to explore the exotic flora and fauna in Léogâne is on foot. Ayiti (Haiti), which was the native name given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean, "Land of high mountains", has many mountains. Ten of the thirteen communal sections of Léogâne are located in
4514-515: The mountains which cover an area of more than 25,000 acres. The rehabilitation of natural caves such as the grotto Belloc, Anacaona, and Fond d'Oie offers visitors a unique experience in Léogâne. Léogâne also has twenty-five kilometers of sandy beaches . Hiking is quite a popular activity in Léogâne among visitors and with the success of Mountain Bike Ayiti (MTB Ayiti), an event hosted by the Léogâne Cycling Club (LCC) in 2013, Léogâne has become
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#17327798405034588-506: The participating cyclists weren't members of any particular club at the time. These athletes joined together to form the Léogâne Cycling Club and elected Jonas Ronald as the club's president. In 2013, the Léogâne Cycling Club and Mountain Bike Ayiti together hosted the first-ever International mountain bike competition in Haiti. The Cavaly Association Sportive Club (CASPORT) is a Haitian professional soccer club based in Léogâne. Founded May 10, 1975 in Léogâne, this club has represented Haiti in
4662-519: The potential to generate renewable energy via hydro-electricity. The economy in Léogâne remains predominately agricultural despite the challenges that are facing the sector in the commune. The sugarcane industry holds the largest share in the economy. The sugarcane industry is closely followed by the banana industry and then grains such as maize, sorghum and rice. Legumes and foodstuffs such as sweet potatoes , cassava , beans, and yams complete this chain. A significant amount of fishing and farming
4736-415: The theory of relexification , arguing that the process of relexification (the replacement of the phonological representation of a substratum lexical item with the phonological representation of a superstratum lexical item, so that the Haitian creole lexical item looks like French, but works like the substratum language(s)) was central in the development of Haitian Creole. The Fon language , also known as
4810-422: The word for "frequent" in French is fréquent ; however, its cognate in Haitian Creole frekan means 'insolent, rude, and impertinent' and usually refers to people. In addition, the grammars of Haitian Creole and French are very different. For example, in Haitian Creole, verbs are not conjugated as they are in French. Additionally, Haitian Creole possesses different phonetics from standard French; however, it
4884-507: The world. The noun Creole , soon began to refer to the language spoken there as well, as it still is today. Haitian Creole contains elements from both the Romance group of Indo-European languages through its superstrate , French , as well as influences from African languages . There are many theories on the formation of the Haitian Creole language. One theory estimates that Haitian Creole developed between 1680 and 1740. During
4958-400: Was "the worst affected area" with 80 to 90% of buildings damaged and no remaining government infrastructure. Nearly every concrete structure was destroyed. The damage was also reported to be worse than in the capital. The military estimated that 20,000 to 30,000 people had died from the earthquake in Léogâne. People congregated in ad hoc squatter camps and relief took longer to reach Léogâne than
5032-462: Was another influential author of Haitian Creole work. Since the 1980s, many educators, writers, and activists have written literature in Haitian Creole. In 2001, Open Gate: An Anthology of Haitian Creole Poetry was published. It was the first time a collection of Haitian Creole poetry was published in both Haitian Creole and English. On 28 October 2004, the Haitian daily Le Matin first published an entire edition in Haitian Creole in observance of
5106-461: Was at the epicenter of the 12 January 2010 earthquake and was catastrophically affected, with 80–90% of buildings damaged. This is because the country could not afford earthquake-proof buildings as it is very poor. At the time of the arrival of the Europeans in 1492, Yaguana—modern-day Léogâne—was the capital of Jaragua , one of the five chiefdoms on the island of Hispaniola . This province
5180-537: Was cordoned off by UN Peacekeepers to use as such a landing strip. The Korean government deployed 250 peacekeepers to the region in February, composed mostly of engineers, some medical troops, and marines for security. The mission comprised 120 military engineers, 22 medics and a 1,200 tonne freighter filled with supplies and equipment. By February 18, 2010, the Korean Peacekeepers had started building
5254-498: Was next to the nursing school, which has been turned into a hospital. Canada deployed the Van Doos infantry regiment to help with recovery efforts. Haitian Girl Guides and Boy Scouts also helped with crowd control at some food distribution points. With no airport in Léogâne, any aid needing to be airlifted in had to be carried by helicopter or through use of small planes on makeshift landing strips. The highway, Route 9, at Léogâne,
5328-490: Was officially recognized in 1697. The sugar crops needed a much larger labor force, which led to an increase in slave trafficking . In the 18th century an estimated 800,000 West Africans were enslaved and brought to Saint-Domingue. As the slave population increased, the proportion of French-speaking colonists decreased. Many African slaves in the colony had come from Niger-Congo -speaking territory, and particularly speakers of Kwa languages , such as Gbe from West Africa and
5402-639: Was rotating out of Haiti, having been replaced by the US 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit , in their positions on USS Bataan and Carrefour , Léogâne, Petit-Goâve , and Grand-Goâve . On March 2, 2010, the IFRC decongested a refugee camp by creating a second one out of the overflow. Once the victims of the earthquake were cared for, 1 Canadian Field Hospital began to treat patients with other serious illnesses. Many operations were performed on patients who traveled long distances to Léogâne for care. HMCS Athabaskan 's mission ended on 10 March. Léogâne
5476-561: Was the last independent holdout during the Spanish conquest of Hispaniola until the Taíno queen Anacaona , who was born in the town, was captured and killed by the Spaniards in 1503. In 1592 the town was captured and burned by an English privateer fleet led by Christopher Newport . As the western part of the island was gradually settled by French buccaneers and filibusters , in 1691
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