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60-749: Lützow can refer to: Lützow, Germany , a municipality in the district of Nordwestmecklenburg in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in Germany Lützow, original name of Charlottenburg Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow (1782–1834), a Prussian lieutenant general Lützow Free Corps , a Prussian volunteer force during the Napoleonic wars commanded by Ludwig von Lützow German cruiser Lützow , several ships named after Ludwig von Lützow 37th SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Lützow ,

120-798: A Technische Hochschule , the Königlich Technische Hochschule zu Berlin in 1879 (which later became the Technische Unviersität Berlin ), followed by the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and the College of the Fine Arts . A new town hall with an 88 m (289 ft) tall spire was erected on the occasion of its 200-year jubilee in 1905 and an opera house opened in 1912. The history of Charlottenburg as

180-495: A borough. In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf . Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend and Charlottenburg-Nord . Charlottenburg is located in Berlin's inner city , west of

240-498: A cavalry division of the Waffen-SS named for Ludwig von Lützow Ludwig von Lützow (politician) (1793–1872), a Mecklenburg politician Francis Lützow (1849–1916), Czech historian Günther Lützow (1912–1945), German World War II fighter pilot and flying ace Kampfgeschwader Lützow , a German movie of 1941 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

300-566: A large amusement park at the shore of the Spree river called Flora , that went into bankruptcy in 1904. From the 1860s on the wealthy Bourgeoisie of Berlin discovered Charlottenburg as a residential area, among the first were Gerson von Bleichröder and Ernst Werner von Siemens , who had a villa built in the Berliner Straße in 1862. At the same time industrial companies like Siemens & Halske and Schering erected large factories in

360-705: A municipality in its own right ended with the Greater Berlin Act of 1 October 1920, when the town became a part of Berlin. The Province of Brandenburg was administered in Charlottenburg from 1918 until the province's dissolution in 1946 after World War II . Talaat Pasha , the former Ottoman Empire Minister of the Interior, one of the Three Pashas , and architect of the Armenian genocide ,

420-474: A new, scenic garden ideal. The castle park Bellevue and Rousseau Island were laid out by court gardener Justus Ehrenreich Sello in the late 18th century. It was then in 1818 that the king commissioned the help of Peter Joseph Lenné , a young man who was at the time the gardener's assistant at Sanssouci in Potsdam . His plans involved the creation of a rural Volkspark , or people's park, that would also serve as

480-468: A pheasant house was erected inside the park, which would later become the core of the Zoological Garden , a zoo founded in 1844 that lies within the greater Tiergarten. During the revolutions of 1848 , the park hosted the first assembly demanding the abolishment of the national censors. At the end of the 18th century, Knobelsdorff's late- baroque form had been all but replaced by ideas for

540-671: A sort of Prussian national park that would help lift the spirits of those who visited. However, the King Frederick William III rejected Lenné's plan. Against the opposition of a hesitant bureaucracy, Lenné submitted a modified version of his concept. This plan was accepted and realized between 1833 and 1840. The park was modeled after English gardens, but Lenné made sure to pay attention to Knobelsdorff's structures and layouts. By draining forests areas he allowed for more footpaths, roadways, and bridleways to be laid down. Several features became characteristic components of

600-588: A summer residence built there for Sophie Charlotte by the architect Johann Arnold Nering between 1695 and 1699. After he had crowned himself Frederick I, King in Prussia , the Lützenburg castle was extended into a stately building with a cour d'honneur . The Swedish master builder Johann Friedrich Eosander supervised this work. Sophie Charlotte died in February 1705; shortly afterwards the settlement facing

660-529: A transformation in the Tiergarten, a movement from the king's personal hunting territory to a forest park designed for the people. Frederick Wilhelm I's son and successor, Frederick II ( Frederick the Great ) (1712–1786) did not appreciate the hunt as his predecessors did, In 1740, he opened the park's first public gardens. In 1742 he instructed the architect Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff to tear down

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720-464: Is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf . Established as a town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover , Queen consort of Prussia , it is best known for Charlottenburg Palace , the largest surviving royal palace in Berlin, and the adjacent museums. Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into " Groß-Berlin " (Greater Berlin) and transformed into

780-528: Is a prime example. It began construction in 1956 under the initiative of Eleanor Dulles as an American contribution to the Interbau , an International Architecture Exhibition employed to exhibit new social, cultural, and ecological ideas in architecture. The Tiergarten's culture began to stagnate until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the reunification of East and West Berlin in 1990, many of

840-638: Is covered in statues commemorating those famous to the Prussians and the activities they enjoyed doing. Animal statues are to be found throughout the park, playing the counterpart to the stone hunters that also inhabit the area. Built by famous sculptor Friedrich Drake , a statue to Queen Louise , beloved queen of the Prussians, is also to be found here alongside her husband, Frederick William III . Statues of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , Theodor Fontane , Richard Wagner and Albert Lortzing were also erected. The Komponistendenkmal , or

900-558: The Beethoven-Haydn-Mozart Memorial , is another example of how the Germans wanted to respect and honor the men and women who gave them a unique culture. The Nazi Party took control of Germany in 1933, causing a dramatic change of idealism. This change was not just social; in fact, Adolf Hitler had planned the complete renovation of the city of Berlin. " Welthauptstadt Germania ", or World Capital Germania,

960-555: The Großer Tiergarten park. Its historic core, the former village green of Alt Lietzow, is situated on the southern shore of the Spree River running through the Berlin glacial valley . The Straße des 17. Juni road, former Charlottenburger Chaussee, which runs eastwards from Charlottenburg Gate through the Tiergarten park to Brandenburg Gate , connects Charlottenburg with the historic centre of Berlin- Mitte . In

1020-778: The Zoological Garden is situated on the south-western side. The principal road is the Straße des 17. Juni, which ends at the Brandenburg Gate to the east. Other main roads are the Altonaer Straße , Spreeweg and Hofjägerallee . In the middle of the park is the square named Großer Stern ("Great Star") with the Siegessäule (Victory column) located in its centre. In addition to the Brandenburg Gate, other notable buildings and structures located close to

1080-607: The Berlin centre of leisure and nightlife. Artists like Alfred Döblin , Otto Dix , Gottfried Benn , Else Lasker-Schüler , Bertolt Brecht , Max Liebermann , Stefan Zweig and Friedrich Hollaender socialized in the legendary Romanisches Café at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church . However the days of the Golden Twenties came to an end with the rise of the Nazi Party . In World War II

1140-520: The King was expanding Unter den Linden , a roadway that connected the City Palace and the Tiergarten, he had a swathe of forest removed in order to connect his castle to the newly built Charlottenburg Palace . Der Große Stern , the central square of the Tiergarten, and Kurfürstenplatz , the electoral plaza, were added, with seven and eight boulevards respectively. This is seen as the beginning of

1200-643: The Lietzow area has been populated continuously and its development is well documented. In the course of the Protestant Reformation , Elector Joachim II Hector of Brandenburg confiscated the monastic estates in 1542 and finally had the nunnery dissolved in 1558. For more than four hundred years, members of the Berendt family were mayors and thus had to pay lower taxes. A village church was first documented in 1541. Ecclesiastically, Lietzow came under

1260-439: The Lietzow farmstead probably was expanded to a village by 1315, Casow was already mentioned as abandoned in the 1375 doomsday book of Emperor Charles IV . From old field names, it is believed that a third medieval settlement on Charlottenburg territory, Glienicke , arose in the area of the present day streets Kantstraße, Fasanenstraße, Kurfürstendamm and Uhlandstraße at the former Gliniker Lake . Unlike Casow and Glienicke,

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1320-488: The Tiergarten and its various cultural elements. Many statues were destroyed or damaged. Some of the Berlin citizens even buried statues in the grounds of the nearby Bellevue Palace in order to prevent further destruction. They were not recovered until 1993. After the war, the Tiergarten became part of the British Occupation sector of West Berlin . The area however underwent a sudden, violent change; much of

1380-413: The Tiergarten, allowing easy movement from north to south for motor vehicles, trams , and more recently S-Bahn trains. The original proposal for the tunnel was met with great opposition from environmentalists, who believed the vegetation would be damaged due to shifts in ground-water levels; in fact, the first plans for construction were denied by a court order. Two memorial monuments are located towards

1440-492: The Tiergarten, which was fenced off from the outside to prevent the creatures from escaping, and was the main hunting ground for the electors of Brandenburg . This hobby, however, began to fade away as the city of Berlin began to expand and the hunting area shrank to accommodate the growth. Frederick Wilhelm I (1688–1740), Elector of Brandenburg (1713–1740), feeling the need to bring change to his private hunting grounds, built many structures that are still visible today. As

1500-514: The Tiergarten. Refugees, Huguenots in hiding from the French, were allowed to erect tents and sell refreshments to the pedestrians walking through the park. In 1786, the year of the king's death, his youngest brother Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia moved into Bellevue Palace , which he had built inside the Tiergarten (on the premises of a former mansion on the banks of the Spree river which Knobelsdorff had built for himself in 1743). Furthermore

1560-524: The Tiergarten. Wide-open grass lawns traversed by streams and clusters of trees, lakes with small islands, countless bridges like the Löwenbrücke, and a multitude of pathways became distinguishing features of the new garden. Up until 1881, the Tiergarten was owned by the monarchy, and came under the direct control of the King and later the Emperor . Soon after Emperor William I abolished his rights to

1620-518: The Wilmersdorf parish, the priests reached it from there by the so-called Priesterweg (priest's way), on the line of the streets now called Leibnizstraße, Konstanzer Straße and Brandenburgische Straße. In 1695, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover received Lietzow from her husband, Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg , in exchange for her estates in Caputh and Langerwisch near Potsdam . Frederick had

1680-637: The area around the Breitscheidplatz was heavily damaged by air raids and the Battle of Berlin . After 1945 the city was partitioned by the allies and Charlottenburg became part of the British sector during the Cold War . The Kurfürstendamm area quickly regained its importance, as it became the commercial centre of West-Berlin . It was therefore the site of protests and major demonstrations of

1740-499: The bodies of water turned silty, every bridge was destroyed, the monuments lay on their sides and were badly damaged. Plans to fill the waterways with debris from the war were also suggested, but were prevented by the head of the Berlin Central Office of Environmental Planning, Reinhold Lingner. In 1945, almost directly after the fall of Berlin , the occupying Soviets erected a Soviet War Memorial (Tiergarten) for

1800-401: The crown. The town became a recreational area for the expanding city of Berlin . Its first true inn opened in the 1770s, in the street then called Berliner Straße (now Otto-Suhr-Allee ), and many other inns and beer gardens were to follow, popular for weekend parties especially. Berliners seeking leisure and entertainment came by boat, by carriage and later by horse-drawn trams , above all to

1860-483: The culture of the Tiergarten. The Siegesallee ("Victory Avenue") could be considered the most famous addition. Built under the orders of Emperor William II , it was lined with statues of former Prussian royal figures of varying historical importance. The Prachtboulevard ("Magnificence Boulevard") was added in 1895 and became the area known as the Königsplatz, which would later become Platz der Republik . The park

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1920-512: The eastern end of the park—the Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism , built 2008, and the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism , built 2012. The park is located on the northern and central side of Tiergarten Ortsteil and is bordered, on the northern side, by the river Spree . The little quarter Hansaviertel borders on it at the north-western side and

1980-592: The fallen soldiers of the Red Army on the north side of the current Straße des 17. Juni. Situated less than a mile away from the Reichstag , it was built at such short notice that it was located in the planned British sector. When the Berlin Wall went up around West Berlin in 1961, the monument became inaccessible to the people for whom it was built, although Soviet honour guards were allowed to be stationed at

2040-639: The favourite royal residence, and remained so for his son and successor Frederick William III (reigned 1797–1840). After the defeat of the Prussian army at Jena in 1806, the French occupied Berlin. Napoleon took over the palace, while his troops made a camp nearby. Charlottenburg became part of the new Prussian Province of Brandenburg in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars . In the late 18th century, Charlottenburg's development did not depend only on

2100-406: The fences that surrounded the territory and to turn the park into a Lustgarten (literally " pleasure garden "), one that would be open to the people of Berlin. In the baroque style popular at the time he added flowerbeds , borders and espaliers in geometrical layouts, along with mazes , water basins and ornamental ponds; he also commissioned sculptures to add cultural significance. Unique to

2160-546: The first tree, a linden , to signify the beginning of the restoration. West Germany took over the operation and sponsorship with about 250,000 young trees being delivered to the former capital from all over the Bundesrepublik, even being delivered via plane during the Berlin Blockade . Alverdes's plan did away with the pre-existing baroque-styled structures in the park, claiming the style was not in keeping with

2220-440: The forest, he added the boundaries to the new district of Berlin , so that the people may use and uphold it. However, until the middle of the twentieth century, the Tiergarten remained in the style that Lenné had left it in. The biggest changes came in the form of nationalistic memorials that began construction in 1849 under the directorship of Eduard Niede and Hermann Geitner . These monuments were seen as patriotic contributions to

2280-473: The late 1960s German student movement , that culminated on 2 June 1967, when student Benno Ohnesorg was shot by a police officer during a demonstration against Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi at the Deutsche Oper . Before the reunification of Berlin, Charlottenburg was the centre of West Berlin , with many high market bars and restaurants. After 1990 German reunification Charlottenburg struggled with

2340-722: The monument, with approval from the British occupying forces. On June 2, 1945, the Berlin Magistrate decided they would restore the Greater Tiergarten. The first suggestions came in 1946/47. Reinhold Lingner and Georg Pniower, Professor of Garden Design at Berlin University , were the first to offer plans, but both were rejected during the division of Berlin by the Allied powers. Instead, they decided to follow

2400-657: The north and west, the Berlin Ringbahn and the Bundesautobahn 100 ( Stadtring ) mark the border with the Charlottenburg-Nord and Westend suburbs. Adjacent in the south is the territory of Wilmersdorf . Charlottenburg also borders on the district of Halensee in the southwest, as well as on Moabit , Hansaviertel and Tiergarten (all part of the Mitte borough) in the east and on Schöneberg in

2460-522: The north-east, at the border with the Moabit district of Berlin. In 1877 Charlottenburg received town privileges and until World War I saw an enormous increase of population with 100,000 inhabitants as of 1893 and a population of 306,000 in 1920, being the second largest city within the Province of Brandenburg , after Berlin. In the course of industrialization in the 19th century, much of Charlottenburg

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2520-509: The northerly neighbouring quarter of Moabit a much smaller park bears the same name, thus both are differentiated as Großer and Kleiner Tiergarten . The Tiergarten has an area of around 210 hectares (520 acres), and after Tempelhofer Freiheit , it is the second biggest parkland in Berlin and the third biggest inner-city parkland in Germany. The park is principally served by the S-Bahn at

2580-470: The outskirts of the park changed drastically. For instance, along the streets that border the southern boundary of the park, dilapidated embassy buildings that had stood for decades were reoccupied and others were rebuilt from the ground up, such as the Nordic embassies. On the northern border the new German Chancellery was built, along with office buildings for the everyday work of the delegates. The Reichstag

2640-440: The palace was called Charlottenburg - the palace itself became Schloss Charlottenburg - and chartered as a town on 5 April 1705. The king served as the town's mayor until the historic village of Lietzow was incorporated into Charlottenburg in 1720. Frederick's successor as king, Frederick William I of Prussia , rarely stayed at the palace, which depressed the small town of Charlottenburg. Frederick William even tried to revoke

2700-547: The palace, Charlottenburg is also home to: both located in the former Gardes du Corps barracks at Charlottenburg Palace, built by Friedrich August Stüler 1859 Gro%C3%9Fer Tiergarten The beginnings of the Tiergarten can be traced back to 1527. It was founded as a hunting area for the Elector of Brandenburg , and was situated to the west of the Cölln city wall, which was the sister town of Old Berlin . It also sat in

2760-670: The park are the Soviet War Memorial , the Reichstag (seat of the Bundestag ) and Federal Chancellery (seat of the Chancellor of Germany ) (all in the eastern borders), the new central railway station (in the north) and, on the southeastern borders, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe , the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma victims of National Socialism and the central square of Potsdamer Platz . In

2820-514: The period. The combination of baroque and regional art was tossed out. Being a very natural park landscape, the Tiergarten was a very important large green space for rest and relaxation for the West Berliners, who were separated from the surrounding East German countryside by the Berlin Wall. Several buildings have been added to the area surrounding the park, many of which were constructed by foreign architects. The Haus der Kulturen der Welt

2880-575: The plans of the Tiergarten Director Willy Alverdes, whose plan seemed to be a more pragmatic approach: instead of rebuilding the park in a new fashion, Alverdes' plans depended on the existing design of the park. He wanted to establish a tranquil, spacious park where one could relax and recover. The Tiergarten was re-forested between 1949 and 1959. On March 17, 1949, the Lord Mayor Ernst Reuter planted

2940-489: The rise of the Mitte borough as Berlin's historic centre. The City West is still the main shopping area, offering several major hotels, theatres, bars and restaurants. The area around Charlottenburg's Kantstrasse is Berlin's Chinatown in the West, with a high concentration of Asian shops, gastronomy and inhabitants. It is commonly dubbed Kantonstrasse , in reference to the southern Chinese province of Guangdong . Beside

3000-483: The same vicinity as the City Palace ( Stadtschloss ). In 1530 the expansion began; acres of land were purchased and the garden began to expand towards the north and west. The total area extended beyond the current Tiergarten, and the forests were perfect for hunting deer and other wild animals ( Tiergarten might literally be translated as animal garden ). The Elector of Brandenburg had wild animals placed within

3060-592: The settlements are likely to have had a mixed Slavic and German population. Lietzow (also called Lietze , Lutze , Lutzen , Lütze , Lützow , Lusze and Lucene ) was first documented in 1239, when the Ascanian margraves John I and Otto III of Brandenburg founded the Benedictine Sankt Marien nunnery in nearby Spandau . The nuns were enfeoffed with the Lucene and Casow estates; while

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3120-567: The southeast. Archaeological findings in the area date back to the Neolithic era. Within the Margraviate of Brandenburg , on the land occupied by present-day Charlottenburg, there were three settlements in the late Middle Ages: the farmsteads Lietzow (pronounced leat-tsow) south of the Spree and Casow (pr. caasow) beyond the river, as well as a further settlement called Glienicke (pr. gleanicke). Although these names are of Slavic origin,

3180-438: The time period, areas of congregation called "salons" were established along the many different walkways in the park. These salons were blocked off from the walking path by hedges or trees and often furnished with seating, fountains and vases, offering guests a change of pace and a place to discuss intellectual matters in private. Such freedom was common under the rule of Frederick II; there were even residents allowed to live within

3240-566: The title Lützow . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lützow&oldid=1225572016 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Charlottenburg Charlottenburg ( German: [ʃaʁˈlɔtn̩bʊʁk] )

3300-488: The town's privileges. With the coronation of his successor Frederick II in 1740 the town's significance increased, as regular celebrations again took place at the palace. Between 1740 and 1747 Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff built the eastern New Wing as Frederick's residence. Later, Frederick II preferred the palace of Sanssouci , which he had partly designed himself. When Frederick II died in 1786, his nephew Frederick William II succeeded him, and Charlottenburg became

3360-402: The wooded area was felled and turned to firewood due to the shortage of coal, and the now empty fields were turned into temporary farmland by order of British troops. There were around 2,550 plots of land available for growing potatoes and vegetables. However, these two factors caused the once great forest to nearly disappear; only 700 trees survived out of over 200,000 that once lined the parkway,

3420-627: Was assassinated by Soghomon Tehlirian in Charlottenburg on 15 March 1921. In the 1920s the area around the Kurfürstendamm evolved into the "New West" of Berlin, a development that had already started around 1900 with the opening of the Theater des Westens , the Café des Westens and the Kaufhaus des Westens , followed by several theatres, cinemas, bars and restaurants, which made Charlottenburg

3480-468: Was incorporated in a network of streets laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring . The development was accompanied by an urban planning of broad streets and sidewalks, parks and spacious residential buildings, especially around the southern Kurfürstendamm area, which enabled large parts of Charlottenburg to preserve their affluent residential character. "The richest town of Prussia" established

3540-462: Was refurbished with a new, glass dome that has become a popular tourist attraction. Several overgrown areas that had been used for picnics and football were replaced with open spaces and grassy lawns that have added to the prestige of the park. Due to its status as a garden memorial of the city of Berlin, encroachment onto the Tiergarten from businesses and residents has been illegal since 1991. A large tunnel, commissioned in 2006, has been built under

3600-497: Was the idea the Nazis wanted to bring to fruition. The Tiergarten was to be a central location in the new city. The Charlottenburger Chaussee, today known as the Straße des 17. Juni , was to be the central line between the east and west, and was widened from 27 metres (89 ft) to 53 metres (174 ft), the same width as the current street. The Berlin Victory Column was also moved to the Großer Stern, where it remains to this day. The Second World War caused significant damage to

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