Messier 58 (also known as M58 and NGC 4579 ) is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy with a weak inner ring structure located within the constellation Virgo , approximately 68 million light-years away from Earth . It was discovered by Charles Messier on April 15, 1779 and is one of four barred spiral galaxies that appear in Messier's catalogue. M58 is one of the brightest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster . From 1779 it was arguably (though unknown at that time) the farthest known astronomical object until the release of the New General Catalogue in the 1880s and even more so the publishing of redshift values in the 1920s .
19-574: M58 or M-58 may refer to: Messier 58 , a spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo M58 Wolf , an armored vehicle designed to produce a smoke screen M58 MICLIC , a mine-clearing charge M58 motorway , a motorway in England M58 highway , a federal highway in eastern Siberia, Russian Federation M58 (Cape Town) , a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa M-58 (Michigan highway) ,
38-413: A large role in driving starbursts. Galaxies in the midst of a starburst frequently show tidal tails , an indication of a close encounter with another galaxy, or are in the midst of a merger. Turbulence, along with variations of time and space, cause the dense gas within a galaxy to compress and rapidly increase star formation. The efficiency at which the galaxy forms also increases its SFR . These changes in
57-503: A mass of around 70 million solar masses . It is also one of the very few galaxies known to possess a UCNR ( ultra-compact nuclear ring ), a series of star-forming regions located in a very small ring around the center of the galaxy. This led to its being dubbed the "ring bearer galaxy" by the popular astronomy YouTube program "Deep Sky videos". Two supernovae have been studied in the M58 galaxy. A type II supernova dubbed as SN 1988A
76-527: A starburst galaxy must have a large supply of gas available to form stars. The burst itself may be triggered by a close encounter with another galaxy (such as M81/M82), a collision with another galaxy (such as the Antennae), or by another process that forces material into the centre of the galaxy (such as a stellar bar). The inside of the starburst is quite an extreme environment. The large amounts of gas mean that massive stars are formed. Young, hot stars ionize
95-566: A state highway in Michigan 95 S 58-61 , a Finnish towed anti-tank weapon M-58 (rocket launcher) , a Swiss shoulder-fired man-portable anti-tank rocket launcher M58 Helmet , an Austrian or Norwegian copy of the M1 helmet [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
114-498: A very bright galaxy, especially towards the middle. Herschel's observations were also similar to the descriptions of both John Dreyer and William Henry Smyth who said that M58 was a bright galaxy, mottled, irregularly round and very much brighter toward the middle. Like many other spiral galaxies of the Virgo Cluster (e.g. Messier 90 ), Messier 58 is an anemic galaxy with low star formation activity concentrated within
133-438: Is a strong correlation between the lopsidedness of a galaxy and the youth of its stellar population, with more lopsided galaxies having younger central stellar populations. As lopsidedness can be caused by tidal interactions and mergers between galaxies, this result gives further evidence that mergers and tidal interactions can induce central star formation in a galaxy and drive a starburst. Classifying types of starburst galaxies
152-403: Is difficult since starburst galaxies do not represent a specific type in and of themselves. Starbursts can occur in disk galaxies , and irregular galaxies often exhibit knots of starburst spread throughout the irregular galaxy. Nevertheless, astronomers typically classify starburst galaxies based on their most distinct observational characteristics. Some of the categorizations include: Firstly,
171-470: Is one undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation , as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy , or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies. For example, the star formation rate of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 3 M ☉ /yr, while starburst galaxies can experience star formation rates of 100 M ☉ /yr or more. In a starburst galaxy,
190-570: The elliptical galaxies Messier 59 and Messier 60 , on April 15, 1779. M58 was reported on the chart of the Comet of 1779 as it was almost on the same parallel as the star Epsilon Virginis . Messier described M58 as a very faint nebula in Virgo which would disappear in the slightest amount of light he used to illuminate the micrometer wires. This description was later contradicted by John Herschel's observations in 1833 where he described it as
209-421: The expanding universe. M82 is the archetypal starburst galaxy. Its high level of star formation is due to a close encounter with the nearby spiral M81. Maps of the regions made with radio telescopes show large streams of neutral hydrogen connecting the two galaxies, also as a result of the encounter. Radio images of the central regions of M82 also show a large number of young supernova remnants, left behind when
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#1732765165008228-429: The galaxy's optical disk, and relatively little neutral hydrogen , also located inside its disk, concentrated in clumps, compared with other galaxies of similar morphological type . This deficiency of gas is believed to be caused by interactions with Virgo's intracluster medium . Messier 58 has a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus , where a starburst may be present as well as a supermassive black hole with
247-440: The gas (mainly hydrogen ) around them, creating H II regions . Groups of hot stars are known as OB associations . These stars burn bright and fast, and are quite likely to explode at the end of their lives as supernovae . After the supernova explosion, the ejected material expands and becomes a supernova remnant . These remnants interact with the surrounding environment within the starburst (the interstellar medium ) and can be
266-431: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M58&oldid=1257400672 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Messier 58 Charles Messier discovered Messier 58, along with
285-427: The rate of star formation also led to variations with depletion time, and power a starburst with its own galactic mechanisms rather than merging with another galaxy. Interactions between galaxies that do not merge can trigger unstable rotation modes, such as the bar instability, which causes gas to be funneled towards the nucleus and ignites bursts of star formation near the galactic nucleus. It has been shown that there
304-748: The rate of star formation is so large that the galaxy consumes all of its gas reservoir, from which the stars are forming, on a timescale much shorter than the age of the galaxy. As such, the starburst nature of a galaxy is a phase, and one that typically occupies a brief period of a galaxy's evolution . The majority of starburst galaxies are in the midst of a merger or close encounter with another galaxy. Starburst galaxies include M82 , NGC 4038/NGC 4039 (the Antennae Galaxies), and IC 10 . Starburst galaxies are defined by these three interrelated factors: Commonly used definitions include: Mergers and tidal interactions between gas-rich galaxies play
323-476: The site of naturally occurring masers . Studying nearby starburst galaxies can help us determine the history of galaxy formation and evolution. Large numbers of the most distant galaxies seen, for example, in the Hubble Deep Field are known to be starbursts, but they are too far away to be studied in any detail. Observing nearby examples and exploring their characteristics can give us an idea of what
342-442: Was discovered by Kaoru Ikeya , Robert Evans , Christian Pollas and Shingo Horiguchi on January 18, 1988. It had an apparent magnitude of 13.5 found 40 arcseconds south of its center. A Type I supernova dubbed as SN 1989M was then found on June 28, 1989 by Kimeridze. This one had an apparent magnitude of 12.2 found 33 arcseconds north and 44 arcseconds west of its nucleus. Starburst galaxy A starburst galaxy
361-506: Was happening in the early universe as the light we see from these distant galaxies left them when the universe was much younger (see redshift ). However, starburst galaxies seem to be quite rare in our local universe, and are more common further away – indicating that there were more of them billions of years ago. All galaxies were closer together then, and therefore more likely to be influenced by each other's gravity. More frequent encounters produced more starbursts as galactic forms evolved with
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