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37-574: The turboprop was designed for use on the Let L-410 and the M601 first ran in 1967. It was not suitable for the prototype L-410 and the company developed an upgraded version, the M601A, with a slightly wider diameter. Related development Comparable engines Related lists Let L-410 Turbolet The Let L-410 Turbolet is a twin-engine short-range transport aircraft designed and produced by

74-558: A Short take-off/landing (STOL) aircraft. As a consequence of its increased empty weight and a shift in the center of gravity, the L-410 UVP has a decreased seating capacity of 15 passengers. The most common variant of the type, the L-410 UVP-E , possesses an increased maximum take-off weight of 6,400 kg (14,100 lb), is equipped with more powerful M601E engines that drive new five-blade propellers designated V 510, and

111-581: A glass cockpit . By 2016, in excess of 1,200 L-410s had been constructed while in excess of 350 aircraft were reportedly in service with operators across more than 50 countries. Development of the L-410 was started during the mid-1960s by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice. The company had decided to launch the project with awareness that the Soviet airline Aeroflot was actively seeking

148-531: A turboprop -powered replacement for the Antonov An-2 biplane, which was viewed as a potentially lucrative opportunity for a suitable aircraft. Preliminary studies performed by Let centred around a design referred to as the L-400 . In addition to its use as an airliner, equal attention was paid towards its suitability for the role of a cargo aircraft . Following considerable revision of the original concept,

185-467: A 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle within 1,500 feet (450 meters) of commencing takeoff or in landing, to stop within 1,500 feet (450 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle. Also called STOL. STOL (Short Take Off and Landing). STOL performance of an aircraft is the ability of aircraft to take off and clear a 50-foot obstruction in a distance of 1,500 feet from beginning the takeoff run. It must also be able to stop within 1,500 feet after crossing

222-443: A 50-foot obstacle on landing. An aircraft that, at some weight within its approved operating weight, is capable of operating from a STOL runway in compliance with the applicable STOL characteristics and airworthiness, operations, noise, and pollution standards" and ""aircraft" means any machine capable of deriving support in the atmosphere A STOL aircraft is an aircraft with a certified performance capability to execute approaches along

259-467: A 50-ft (15-m) obstacle at the end of that distance and upon landing can clear the same obstacle and then land within 1,000 ft. The STOL mode of flight is one during which an airplane taking off or landing is operated at climb-out and approach speeds lower than the conventionally accepted margins of airspeed above the power-off stalling speed of the airplane. Additionally, some aircraft manufacturers market their products as STOL without providing evidence that

296-466: A few of these accidents were fatal, some say the safety record of the aircraft is influenced more by operational practices than its design. Some customers and regulators have chosen certain practices that impact the overall safety performance. Data from LET General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era STOL A short takeoff and landing ( STOL ) aircraft

333-470: A glideslope of 6 degrees or steeper and to execute missed approaches at a climb gradient sufficient to clear a 15:1 missed approach surface at sea level... A STOL runway is one which is specifically designated and marked for STOL aircraft operations, and designed and maintained to specified standards. Heavier-than-air craft that cannot take off and land vertically, but can operate within areas substantially more confined than those normally required by aircraft of

370-472: A new version was produced, which the company called the L-410 Turbolet . On 16 April 1969, the first prototype, designated XL-410 , performed its maiden flight , piloted by Vladimir Vik and Frantisek Svinka. The prototype was not only used for test flights but also to promote the aircraft to potential customers, appearing at various air shows, including the 1969 Paris Air Show . As a consequence of

407-638: A newer Walter engine variant, the M601F. Production of the L-410 UVP-E20 was underway in the early twenty-first century, being powered by the latest derivative of the M601 engine, designated GE H80-200 , and outfitted new Avia Propeller AV-725 five blade propellers. Following the end of the Cold War , company officials opted to pursue opportunities for the aircraft in Western markets. On 11 March 1998,

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444-478: A retractable undercarriage . The L-410 UVP-E features two hydraulic circuits, one being the primary and the other intended for emergencies; the main electrical system operates with 28V DC. The de-icing system is leading edge pneumatic deicers and electrical heating of propellers, cockpit windshields and pitot-static system heads. The maximum take-off weight of the L-410 UVP-E is 6400 kg with

481-476: Is a conventional fixed-wing aircraft that has short runway requirements for takeoff and landing . Many STOL-designed aircraft also feature various arrangements for use on airstrips with harsh conditions (such as high altitude or ice). STOL aircraft, including those used in scheduled passenger airline operations, have also been operated from STOLport airfields which feature short runways. Many fixed-wing STOL aircraft are bush planes , though some, like

518-438: Is a function of the square of the minimum flying speed ( stall speed ), and most design effort is spent on reducing this number. For takeoff , large power/weight ratios and low drag help the plane to accelerate for flight. The landing run is minimized by strong brakes , low landing speed, thrust reversers or spoilers (less common). Overall STOL performance is set by the length of runway needed to land or take off, whichever

555-679: Is critical, because many small, isolated communities rely on STOL aircraft as their only transportation link to the outside world for passengers or cargo; examples include many communities in the Canadian north and Alaska . Most STOL aircraft can land either on- or off-airport. Typical off-airport landing areas include snow or ice (using skis), fields or gravel riverbanks (often using special fat, low-pressure tundra tires ), and water (using floats ): these areas are often extremely short and obstructed by tall trees or hills. Wheel skis and amphibious floats combine wheels with skis or floats, allowing

592-436: Is longer. Of equal importance to short ground run is the ability to clear obstacles, such as hills, on both take off and landing. For takeoff, large power/weight ratios and low drag result in a high rate of climb required to clear obstacles. For landing, high drag allows the aeroplane to descend steeply to the runway without building excess speed resulting in a longer ground run. Drag is increased by use of flaps (devices on

629-526: Is provisioned for equipping wing tip tanks that increase the aircraft's overall fuel capacity. The L-410 UVP-E performed its first flight in 1984 while quantity production of the model commenced during 1986. By 1990, in excess of 1,000 L-410s had been constructed. The L-410 UVP-E9 and L-410 UVP-E20 are versions which vary from each other only minorly, these were produced to satisfy the differing regulations of various certifying authorities of different regions. Later production L-420s have been outfitted with

666-519: The Czech aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice (named Aircraft Industries since 2005). It was developed as the L-400 during the 1960s in response to an Aeroflot requirement for an Antonov An-2 replacement and performed its maiden flight on 16 April 1969. Since 1970, the L-410 has been in operation with a variety of customers, having been typically used as an airliner and a utility transport aircraft, numerous military air services have also adopted

703-626: The United States that were used for scheduled passenger airline operations but are now no longer in existence. Cruise -efficient short takeoff and landing (CESTOL), is an aircraft with both very short runway requirements and high cruise speeds (greater than Mach 0.8). Many different definitions of STOL have been used by different authorities and nations at various times and for a myriad of regulatory and military purposes. Some accepted definitions of STOL include: short takeoff and landing: ( DOD / NATO ) The ability of an aircraft to clear

740-670: The de Havilland Canada Dash-7 , are designed for use on prepared airstrips; likewise, many STOL aircraft are taildraggers , though there are exceptions like the PAC P-750 XSTOL , the Quest Kodiak , the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and the Peterson 260SE . Autogyros also have STOL capability, needing a short ground roll to get airborne, but capable of a near-zero ground roll when landing. Runway length requirement

777-727: The L-410 first received approval for its use in North America by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); the improved L-410 UVP-E20 was similarly certified on 30 June 2015. On 4 February 2005, this same model of the L-410 had been certified by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) while all other production variants followed on 28 March 2007. In the mid-2010s, a typical production rate of 15 L-410 UVPs were being completed each year. On 3 September 2013,

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814-571: The Middle East; its airline operators with four or more aircraft were: According to statistics, the L-410 Turbolet can be considered a safe aircraft because it has had 118 accidents during its development out of a total of 1,200 aircraft produced and exported. This popular aircraft went through a number of improvements and modernization and the latest types, the L 410 UVP-E20 and L 420 are EASA and FAA certified respectively. While only

851-506: The PT6 engine on the second production model, designated L-410M . A further version, the L-410 UVP , was specifically developed for Aeroflot, who had expressed dissatisfaction in the performance of the initial model. In comparison with earlier models, the revised aircraft provided improved performance in take-off and landing, which are largely due to its increased wing and tail area, making it

888-601: The Russian company UGMK (Iskander Machmudov) became the majority owner of LET Kunovice Aircraft Industries. At the time of the acquisition, it was announced that a new production line for the L-410 would be established within Russia within one year. As part of this strategy, the company developed the most substantial variant of the aircraft to date, the L 410 NG , which can be visually distinguished from its predecessors by its considerably longer nose as well its enlarged rear area,

925-730: The USSR alone. Accordingly, the type has been heavily operated by various ex-Soviet states, in particular Russia . Furthermore, numerous L-410s have been sold to airlines across Asia , Africa , Central America, and South America . Forty aircraft are in use throughout Europe for commercial operations, including skydiving . In July 2015, 178 Let L-410 were in airline service: 73 in Africa, 58 in Europe, 41 in Americas and 6 in Asia Pacific and

962-471: The choice of landing on snow/water or a prepared runway. A number of aircraft modification companies offer STOL kits for improving short-field performance. A STOLport is an airport designed with STOL operations in mind, normally having a short single runway. STOLports are not common but can be found, for example, at London City Airport in London , United Kingdom . There were also several STOLports in

999-434: The company displayed the first L 410 NG, which had been manufactured in Russia; it performed its first flight on 29 July 2015. Power grew up to 850 shp (630 kW) instead of the previous 800 shp (600 kW) GE H80 -200, speed increased to 223 kn (413 km/h). Maximum take-off weight rose 500 kg (1,100 lb) to 7,000 kg (15,000 lb) and range to 1,350 nmi (2,500 km) up from

1036-494: The delayed development of a suitable Czech engine, the Walter M601 , both the prototype and the initial production model were powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 -27 engines and Hartzell HC-B-3TN-3D three-blade propellers, both of which were imported from North America . Once development of the M601 engine had been completed, it was quickly adopted and coupled with Avia -built V 508 three-blade propellers to replace

1073-471: The latter change being made to accommodate the carriage of double the luggage. It is also furnished a new wing design and has been fitted with a modernised Garmin G3000 glass cockpit . The propulsion system has also been redesigned, featuring more powerful and quieter GE H85 engines that drive Avia-725 propellers. The L 410 NG can fly for double the range of the original model of the aircraft. On 7 July 2015,

1110-711: The original 820 nmi (1,520 km). Fuel capacity rose from 1,300 to 2,450 kg (2,870 to 5,400 lb) and endurance from five hours to nine hours. FAA , EASA and Russian certification took place in late 2017. Serial production of the L 410 NG commenced in March 2018. Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which led to sanctions against the Russian Federation by the European Union and other Western countries, Aircraft Industries lost its main customer for its passenger aircraft – Russia. Due to

1147-752: The possibility of an increase to 6,600 kg (14,600 lb) for the E9 and E20 variants, possessing a maximum seating capacity of between 17 and 19 passengers. The L-410 UVP-E is equipped with Avia V 510 five-blade propellers. The L 410 UVP-E20 is certified on the basis of FAR 23 either Amendment 34 or Amendment 41. It is certified by the European Union, the Russian Federation, the United States, Brazil , Argentina , Chile , Peru , Venezuela , Cuba , India , Nepal , Philippines , Korea , Indonesia , Republic of South Africa , Algeria , Australia , Taiwan , Turkey , and many other countries accepting some of

Walter M601 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-515: The previous certificates. The aircraft has also been approved for operation in a number of other countries, such as Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , Tunisia , Colombia , Venezuela, South Korea and others. The airplane is certified for IFR operation, CAT I ILS approaches, and flights in icing conditions. Large numbers of L-410s were delivered to the Soviet Union ; by 1985, 500 aircraft had reportedly been obtained by various operators within

1221-462: The same size. Derived from short takeoff and landing aircraft. short takeoff and landing aircraft (STOL), heavier-than-air craft, capable of rising from and descending to the ground with only a short length of runway, but incapable of doing so vertically. The precise definition of an STOL aircraft has not been universally agreed upon. However, it has been tentatively defined as an aircraft that upon taking off needs only 1,000 ft (305 m) of runway to clear

1258-436: The size and capabilities of the aircraft differ across the family; during the 1990s, the company pivoted towards the Western market and pursued type certification by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) of its later models. Perhaps the most substantial variant to date is the L 410 NG , which has double the range of the original model, as well as other improvements such as

1295-517: The subsequent financial difficulties, the Kunovice based aircraft factory was acquired by the OMNIPOL Group in 2022. The Let L-410 Turbolet is an unpressurized all-metal high-wing commuter aircraft. It is characterised by its relatively low maintenance and operating costs, as well as its adaptable design, which includes special interchangeable configurations. All models are equipped with

1332-426: The type. The aircraft is capable of landing on short and unpaved runways and operating under extreme conditions from −50 to +50 °C (−58 to 122 °F). Various models of the L-410 have been produced over the type’s production run of over fifty years; while initial aircraft were powered by imported Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 -27 engines, most models have been powered by domestically built Walter M601 . Both

1369-433: The wings) and by a forward slip (causing the aeroplane to fly somewhat sideways through the air to increase drag). Normally, a STOL aircraft will have a large wing for its weight. These wings often use aerodynamic devices like flaps, slots , slats , and vortex generators . Typically, designing an aircraft for excellent STOL performance reduces maximum speed, but does not reduce payload lifting ability. The payload

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