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31-520: MNAA is the acronym of the National Museum of Ancient Art in Lisbon, Portugal. It may also stand for: Metropolitan Nashville Airport Authority Metrolina Native American Association UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase , an enzyme Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

62-540: A series of substantial cash donations, giving the Galeria an independent acquisition budget, enabling it to purchase pieces on the art market. On the initiative of Francisco de Sousa Holstein (son of the 1st Duke of Palmela , a vice-inspector of the Academia Real, in 1868, the Galeria's rooms were remodelled into a better exhibition space for its expanding collection and opened to the general public. Nonetheless,

93-400: Is another highlight of the museum. Among its collection are pieces from the 12th to the 18th centuries. One of the most notable examples is the famous monstrance of Belém . It might have been made by the playwright , actor , and poet , Gil Vicente . According to an inscription on the monstrance, it was created out the gold brought back to Portugal from Kilwa (East Africa) in 1504-05 by

124-542: The Belfastada , failed. Greville noted in his diary for 16 August 1828: ” Esterhazy told me to-night that Palmella entertains from twenty to thirty of his countrymen at dinner every day, of whom there are several hundred in London, of the best families, totally destitute.” Miguel condemned him to death in absentia and seized his estates, but Dom Pedro , Emperor of Brazil, appointed Palmela guardian to his daughter,

155-526: The Liberal Revolution of 1820 he was commissioned by the revolutionary junta to inform the king, João VI , of what had taken place and to request his return to Portugal from Brazil. In 1823 he was made a Marquis and became foreign minister as well as head of the committee which D. João appointed to devise a new constitutional charter . The resulting document, to which the King was unable to agree,

186-544: The Middle Ages to the early 19th century. The collections, especially those for the 15th and 16th centuries, are particularly important regarding the history of Portuguese painting, sculpture, and metalwork. The European painting section of the museum is significant and is represented by Jacob Adriaensz Backer , Bartolomé Bermejo , Triptych of the Temptation of St. Anthony by Hieronymus Bosch , Pieter Brueghel

217-693: The Portuguese royal residences and the collection of pieces from the former Portuguese Empire . The MNAA's collection of ceramics and porcelain spans several centuries with pieces originating in mainly Portugal , France , Italy , Spain , and China . Notable collections include Qing dynasty porcelains, Hispano-Moresque ware , and Caldas da Rainha ceramics . 38°42′16″N 9°09′42″W  /  38.70444°N 9.16167°W  / 38.70444; -9.16167 Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela D. Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Faial and Palmela (8 May 1781–12 October 1850)

248-587: The Cardinal-Inquisitor Paulo António de Carvalho e Mendonça (thus it is also known as the Palace of Pombal-Alvor). Later sold to the neighboring Carmelite convent of Santo Alberto, the palace returned to private hands following the 1833 dissolution. Guedes intended to use it as a temporary space for an international exhibition on Iberian ornamental art ("Exposição Retrospectiva de Arte Ornamental Portuguesa e Espanhola") organized by

279-605: The Elder , Francisco de Zurbarán , Albrecht Dürer , Domingos Sequeira , and Giambattista Tiepolo , among numerous others. The museum has its roots in the 1833 abolition of religious orders and confiscation of the monasteries in Portugal, which brought a trove of religious art and ornaments into the public sphere. At the instigation of the liberal politician Passos Manuel , the Academia de Bellas Artes ("Academy of Fine Arts")

310-468: The MNAA expanded its installations by acquiring the neighboring old convent of Santo Alberto and turned it into an annex connected by a footbridge. The chapel of the convent, a fine example of 18th Portuguese Baroque art and architecture, was incorporated into the exhibits. The collection includes painting , sculpture , metalwork , textiles , furniture , drawings , and other decorative art forms from

341-559: The Palace of Janelas Verdes, and the Museu Nacional de Arte Contemporânea" ("National Museum of Contemporary Art") at the old location of the Academia's Galeria at São Francisco da Cidade (since renamed the Chiado Museum ). The latter collection's cut-off date was roughly 1850, everything prior to that assigned to Arte Antiga. The MNAA's first museum director was the energetic José de Figueiredo, who promptly began reforming

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372-722: The South Kensington Museum (now the Victoria & Albert ) in London, that was set to visit Lisbon in 1882. The government formally purchased the Janelas Verdes palace in June, 1884, and recast it as the Museu Nacional de Belas-Artes e Arqueologia ("National Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology"), formally founded on 11 May 1884, to house what where then known as the "Museus Centrais" of the State and placed it under

403-715: The Younger , David Gerard , Saint Jerome in His Study by Albrecht Dürer , Lucas Cranach , Piero della Francesca , Jan Gossaert , Hans Holbein the Elder , Pieter de Hooch , Adriaen Isenbrandt , Quentin Metsys , Hans Memling , Antonis Mor , Joachim Patinir , Jan Provost , Raphael , José Ribera , Andrea del Sarto , David Teniers the Younger , Tintoretto , Anthony van Dyck , Diego Velázquez , David Vinckeboons , Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom , Francisco de Zurbarán , François Boucher , Nicolas Poussin and others. Perhaps

434-639: The admiral Vasco da Gama . The MNAA's collection of textiles includes pieces from France , Ancient Egypt , Portugal , India , and Italy , among other places. The MNAA's Coleção de Arte da Expansão is the museum's vast collection of art from the former Portuguese Empire , collected from the Americas , Asia , and Africa . The MNAA's collection of pieces of furniture span several centuries and originate primarily in France , Italy , Portugal , and Portuguese India . The most notable collections are those of

465-766: The conference in Bayonne in 1808 that the Portuguese would not ‘consent to become Spaniards’ as the French Emperor wanted. He was Portuguese plenipotentiary to the Congress of Vienna in 1814, where he attempted to press Portugal's claims to Olivenza , and to the Treaty of Paris in 1815. After this he was briefly ambassador to London, but then was appointed secretary of state for foreign affairs in Brazil . After

496-484: The expropriated monastic art then in government storage. An Academia panel selected some 540 paintings for the Galeria. Predictably, most of these were religious-oriented pieces of Portuguese origin. In the chaos and aftermath of the Portuguese Liberal Wars , some of the private art collections of ruined noble families were expropriated or found their way on to the market. Of particular significance

527-430: The facilities remained inadequate - it was terribly humid, cramped and still traversed by unrelated visitors to the Academia (which had, by now, become something of a social hang-out for dissheveled bohemian artists and students). In 1875, a commission headed by Sousa Holstein recommended the founding of a larger and more permanent museum away from the Academia's Chiado building. In 1881, the Academia's educational division

558-411: The management of the Academia Real. Following the republican 1910 revolution , the arrangement was overhauled and the museum's management stopped depending on the Academia Real (now renamed Academia Nacional de Belas Artes). By a decree of 26 May 1911, the collections were split up and two separate and independent museums created - the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga ("National Museum of Ancient Art"), at

589-587: The most famous work in the museum is the Saint Vincent Panels , which date from before 1470 and are attributed to Nuno Gonçalves , court painter of King Afonso V . Though the history of the polyptych remains enshrouded in mystery, the six large panels have been argued to portray people from all levels of late medieval Portuguese society venerating Saint Vincent, in what would be one of the first group portraits in European art. There are 60 figures on

620-429: The museum based on the latest planning and exhibition principles and re-orienting it decisively towards painting. Figueiredo was the first to study and identify the authorship and significance of Saint Vincent Panels , a 15th-century polyptych discovered c. 1882 and attributed by Figueiredo to Nuno Gonçalves . The St. Vincent panels were installed in the museum by 1916 and remain perhaps its best known piece. In 1940,

651-772: The panels. The museum also has important works by early 16th-century painters active in Portugal, such as, Jorge Afonso , Vasco Fernandes , Garcia Fernandes , Francisco de Holanda , Cristóvão Lopes , Gregório Lopes , Cristovão de Figueiredo , Francisco Henriques , and others. Painting from the 17th through the early 19th centuries is well represented by works that include those of Josefa de Óbidos , Vieira Portuense , and Domingos Sequeira . The MNAA's collection of sculpture spans millennia of statues, figurines, and other pieces, originating in Ancient Rome , Portugal , Italy , Ancient Egypt , Spain , France , Brazil , and England , among other places. Portuguese metalwork

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682-784: The rightful Queen Maria II , and he acted as her ambassador at the British court. In 1830 he set up the young queen’s regency on Terceira in the Azores ; it was at this time that he became acquainted with Captain Charles Napier whom he considered the best person to command the Liberals' navy. When Dom Pedro took charge of the regency in person in 1832 he named Palmela as his foreign minister, in which capacity he acted against Miguel from London. In 1833 he sailed with Charles Napier bringing mercenary reinforcements to Oporto, where Pedro

713-478: The so-called Shrovetide Cabinet ), and from March to October 1846 (during the height of the Revolution of Maria da Fonte ). Dom Pedro was successively made Count of Palmela (by Queen Maria I , on 11 April 1812), Marquis of Palmela (by King John VI on 3 July 1823) and Duke of Faial (by Queen Maria II on 4 April 1836). Finally, on 18 October 1850, Queen Maria II substituted its Dukedom of Faial by

744-466: The title MNAA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MNAA&oldid=1044747590 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages National Museum of Ancient Art The MNAA

775-610: Was being besieged, and took part in the subsequent expedition to the Algarve of Napier and the Duke of Terceira . After Napier’s naval victory off Cape St Vincent enabled Pedro to occupy Lisbon , Palmela retired from his offices. He served as the first Prime Minister of the newly formed constitutional monarchy in Portugal from 24 September 1834 to 4 May 1835. He served briefly Prime Minister again in February 1842 (for two days, in

806-531: Was founded in 1836, and established its headquarters at the former monastery of São Francisco da Cidade (near the Chiado ). Although primarily dedicated to nurturing new artists, that same year, the Academia founded the Galeria Nacional de Pintura ("National Gallery of Painting") on the lower levels of the same building, as a subsidiary division to select, care for and display some of the better pieces of

837-597: Was founded in 1884 to display the collections of the Portuguese royal family and the National Academy of Fine Arts . It is housed in the Palácio Alvor-Pombal , a former residence of the 1st Marquis of Pombal which was expanded when it was converted into a museum. The museum's collection spans more than a millennium of art from Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas and includes notable artworks by Hieronymus Bosch , Raphael , Hans Holbein

868-842: Was one of the most important Portuguese diplomats and statesmen in the first half of the 19th century. He also served as the country's first modern Prime Minister (with the title of "President of the Council of Ministers"). He was born in Turin , a scion of the Portuguese de Sousa family, Lords of Calhariz. The 'Holstein' element of his family name came from his paternal grandmother Princess Maria Anna Leopoldine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, daughter of Frederick William I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck . His uncle Frederico Guilherme de Sousa Holstein  [ pt ] had been governor of Portuguese India . He earned notoriety at an early age by telling Napoleon to his face at

899-658: Was so liberal that it drew down on Palmela the hatred of the reactionary forces in the country, especially the Queen and the Infant Dom Miguel , who in 1824 had him arrested. After he obtained his liberty he was made a minister of state and returned to London as ambassador. When Dom Miguel seized the throne of Portugal in 1828 Palmela sided with the opposition in Oporto and was forced with many others to flee to England. An attempt to return to Oporto in June 1828, called

930-682: Was split off and turned into the Escola Real de Belas-Artes ("Royal School of Fine Arts", now part of the University of Lisbon ), with the Academia Real de Belas-Artes proper limited to cultural pursuits. In 1881, Academia officer Delfim Guedes rented the 17th-century Palace of Janelas Verdes ("Green Windows"), the former Lisbon residence of the Counts of Alvor that had been seized by the Marquis of Pombal after 1759 and sold to his own brother,

961-411: Was the painting collection of the disgraced former queen, the late Carlota Joaquina , which was acquired by the Portuguese government and given to the Academia in 1859. The former king Ferdinand II of Portugal , a connoisseur of fine arts, took an interest in the budding organization, secured its royal sponsorship (it was renamed Academia Real de Belas Artes in 1862) and, in 1865–67, Ferdinand II made

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