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61-484: MXR co-founders Terry Sherwood and Keith Barr met as high school students at Rush-Henrietta Senior High School in Henrietta, New York, a suburb of Rochester, New York. Together they started Audio Services, an audio repair business, where they repaired stereos and other music equipment in their rented basement apartment. This experience led them to form MXR and they began producing their first original effect pedal design:

122-476: A symphonic orchestra in the song "Je t'aimais bien, tu sais..." in his album L'Espoir , released in 1974. Miles Davis ' live band began to use a drum machine in 1974 (played by percussionist James Mtume ), which can be heard on Dark Magus (1977). Osamu Kitajima 's progressive psychedelic rock album Benzaiten (1974) also used drum machines. In 1972, Eko released the ComputeRhythm, which

183-622: A "plurality of inverting circuits and/or clipper circuits" which "are connected to a counting circuit to synthesize the output signal of the counting circuit" where the "synthesized output signal becomes a desired rhythm." Ace Tone commercialized its preset rhythm machine, called the FR-1 Rhythm Ace, in 1967. It offered 16 preset patterns, and four buttons to manually play each instrument sound ( cymbal , claves , cowbell and bass drum ). The rhythm patterns could also be cascaded together by pushing multiple rhythm buttons simultaneously, and

244-531: A better one. In 1963, their new company Keio-Giken (later Korg ) released their first rhythm machine, the Donca-Matic DA-20 , using vacuum tube circuits for sounds and a mechanical wheel for rhythm patterns. It was a floor-type machine with a built-in speaker, and featured a keyboard for manual play, in addition to the multiple automatic rhythm patterns. Its price was comparable with the average annual income of Japanese at that time. Next, their effort

305-464: A distinctive use of a drum machine and keyboard arrangement on both tracks. Another early example of electronic drums used by a rock band is Obscured by Clouds by Pink Floyd in 1972. The first album on which a drum machine produced all the percussion was Kingdom Come 's Journey , recorded in November 1972 using a Bentley Rhythm Ace. French singer-songwriter Léo Ferré mixed a drum machine with

366-443: A multitude of ways to obtain fills , breakdowns and other elements that the programmer sees fit, which in turn could be sequenced with song-sequence — essentially the drum machine plays back the programmed patterns from memory in an order the programmer has chosen. The machine will quantize entries that are slightly off-beat in order to make them exactly in time. If the drum machine has MIDI connectivity, then one could program

427-561: A particular pitch , either individually or in any combination, including en masse, if desired. Received with considerable interest when it was publicly introduced in 1932, the Rhythmicon was soon set aside by Cowell. In 1957, Harry Chamberlin, an engineer from Iowa, created the Chamberlin Rhythmate, which allowed users to select between 14 tape loops of drum kits and percussion instruments performing various beats. Like

488-441: A sound module also features a sequencer, it is, strictly speaking, not a drum machine. In the 2010s a revival of interest in analogue synthesis resulted in a new wave of analogue drum machines, ranging from the budget-priced Korg Volca Beats and Akai Rhythm Wolf to the mid-priced Arturia DrumBrute, and the high-end MFB Tanzbär and Dave Smith Instruments Tempest. Roland's TR-08 and TR-09 Rhythm Composers were digital recreations of

549-672: A unique character. For this reason, many of these early machines have achieved a certain "cult status" and are now sought after by producers for use in production of modern electronic music , most notably the Roland TR-808 . The Linn LM-1 Drum Computer, released in 1980 at $ 4,995 (equivalent to $ 18,500 in 2023), was the first drum machine to use digital samples. It also featured revolutionary rhythmic concepts such as swing factors, shuffle, accent, and real-time programming, all of which have since rooted themselves in beat box technology. Only about 500 were ever made, but its effect on

610-412: A wide array of sports facilities. This includes a football stadium with two sets of bleacher stands and an 8-lane track surrounding the field. The grounds also contain six fully caged and standard regulation tennis courts, three baseball diamonds, and three soccer/lacrosse fields. Inside, an indoor pool features a diving well as standard lap lanes. The school allows time for open swim where any resident of

671-404: Is an electronic musical instrument that creates percussion sounds, drum beats, and patterns. Drum machines may imitate drum kits or other percussion instruments , or produce unique sounds, such as synthesized electronic tones. A drum machine often has pre-programmed beats and patterns for popular genres and styles, such as pop music, rock music, and dance music. Most modern drum machines made in

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732-528: Is known as the "Script period," in reference to the cursive logo on the case. The earliest script logo pedals were made in the basement shop of the MXR founders and the logos were silk screened. These very first pedals can be identified by a slightly larger font "MXR" on the case. The "Box Logo Period 1" began around 1975-6 and lasted until 1981, and is named for the writing on the front of the box. The "Box logo period 2" started in early 1981 and went until 1984, when

793-671: Is responsible for recreations of vintage models such as the hand-wired Phase 45, as well as doing limited runs of pedals such as the Custom Comp. The first MXR effects pedal was the M-101 MXR Phase 90 phaser . The Phase 90 was used on the first two Van Halen albums. The MXR Phase 45, followed, as well as a programmable version, the Phase 100. Like other pedals of the time, MXR pedals prior to 1981 did not have LEDs, A/C adaptor jacks, or true-bypass switching. The first period

854-414: Is that they use sound synthesis rather than digital sampling in order to generate their sounds. For example, a snare drum or maraca sound would typically be created using a burst of white noise whereas a bass drum sound would be made using sine waves or other basic waveforms . This meant that while the resulting sound was not very close to that of the real instrument, each model tended to have

915-600: The Chamberlin keyboard , the Rhythmate was intended for family singalongs. Around 100 units were sold. In 1959, Wurlitzer released the Side Man, which generates sounds mechanically by a rotating disc, similar to a music box . A slider controls the tempo (between 34 and 150 beats per minute). Sounds can also be triggered individually through buttons on a control panel. The Side Man was a success and drew criticism from

976-860: The E-mu Drumulator and the Yamaha RX11 . In 1986, the SpecDrum by Cheetah Marketing , an inexpensive 8-bit sampling drum external module for the ZX Spectrum , was introduced, with a price less than £30, when similar models cost around £250. In 1980, the Roland Corporation launched the TR-808 Rhythm Composer. It was one of the earliest programmable drum machines, with which users could create their own rhythms rather than having to use preset patterns. Unlike

1037-790: The Rush-Henrietta Central School District . As of the 2023-24 school year, the principal is Arkee Allen. Beginning with the class of 2004, students in the ninth grade in the Rush-Henrietta district began attending the Ninth Grade Academy (the Carlton Webster building). This move was made in response to an overcrowding of students at the Senior High building. The building is a short distance (0.5 miles [0.80 km]) from

1098-520: The Sly & the Family Stone album There's a Riot Goin' On , released in 1971. Sly & the Family Stone was the first group to have a number #1 pop single that used a drum machine: that single was " Family Affair ". The German krautrock band Can also used a drum machine on their songs " Peking O " and " Spoon ". The 1972 Timmy Thomas single " Why Can't We Live Together "/"Funky Me" featured

1159-537: The Soulsonic Force 's " Planet Rock ". The 808 was eventually used on more hit records than any other drum machine; its popularity with hip hop in particular has made it one of the most influential inventions in popular music, comparable to the Fender Stratocaster 's influence on rock . Its sounds continue to be used as samples included with music software and modern drum machines. The 808

1220-637: The Yamaha Electone (electric organ), and Mini Pops was established as a series of compact desktop rhythm machines. In the United States, Mini Pops MP-3, MP-7, etc. were sold under the Univox brand by the distributor at that time, Unicord Corporation. In 1965, Nippon Columbia filed a patent for an automatic rhythm instrument. It described it as an "automatic rhythm player which is simple but capable of electronically producing various rhythms in

1281-550: The 1960s, the implementation of rhythm machines had evolved into fully solid-state ( transistorized ) from early electro-mechanical with vacuum tubes , and also size was reduced to desktop size from earlier floor type. In the early 1960s, a home organ manufacturer, Gulbransen (later acquired by Fender ) cooperated with an automatic musical equipment manufacturer Seeburg Corporation , and released early compact rhythm machines Rhythm Prince (PRP), although, at that time, these sizes were still as large as small guitar amp head, due to

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1342-466: The 2010s and 2020s also allow users to program their own rhythms and beats. Drum machines may create sounds using analog synthesis or play prerecorded samples . While a distinction is generally made between drum machines (which can play back pre-programmed or user-programmed beats or patterns) and electronic drums (which have pads that can be struck and played like an acoustic drum kit), there are some drum machines that have buttons or pads that allow

1403-701: The American Federation of Musicians, which ruled in 1961 that its local jurisdictions could not prohibit Side Man use, though it could not be used for dancing. Wurlitzer ceased production of the Sideman in 1969. In 1960, Raymond Scott constructed the Rhythm Synthesizer and, in 1963, a drum machine called Bandito the Bongo Artist . Scott's machines were used for recording his album Soothing Sounds for Baby series (1964). During

1464-567: The Internet. However, traditional drum machines are still being made by companies such as Roland Corporation (under the name Boss ), Zoom , Korg and Alesis , whose SR-16 drum machine has remained popular since it was introduced in 1991. There are percussion-specific sound modules that can be triggered by pickups, trigger pads , or through MIDI. These are called drum modules ; the Alesis D4 and Roland TD-8 are popular examples. Unless such

1525-707: The LinnDrum specifically to drummers. Following the success of the LM-1, Oberheim introduced the DMX , which also featured digitally sampled sounds and a "swing" feature similar to the one found on the Linn machines. It became very popular in its own right, becoming a staple of the nascent hip-hop scene. Other manufacturers soon began to produce machines, e.g. the Sequential Circuits Drumtraks and Tom,

1586-767: The MX-114 Two Channel Graphic Equalizer. From the 1980 Catalog: "The Equalizer's wide dynamic range and interface characteristics allow for a variety of applications. the frequency response of a system can be tailored to compensate for room acoustics, speaker aberrations and program material. Horizontal control placement and the equalizer's compact case permit easy manipulation in studio mix down situation. P.A. applications include: suppression of major feedback frequencies, compensation for high frequency attenuation in miking and rejection of unwanted signals (60Hz hum and noise) Two channels permit separate main and monitor equalization. In late 1981, MXR got

1647-653: The MXR brand in 1987 and continues the pedal line of original MXR classics, such as the Phase 90 and Dyna Comp, as well as modern pedals like the Carbon Copy and Fullbore Metal. Dunlop has also added a line dedicated to bass effects boxes, MXR Bass Innovations, which has released the Bass Octave Deluxe and Bass Envelope Filter. Both pedals won Editor Awards in Bass Player Magazine and Platinum Awards from Guitar World Magazine. The MXR Custom Shop

1708-571: The Phase 90. This was quickly followed by the Distortion +, Dyna Comp, and the Blue Box. Michael Laiacona joined this early MXR team in a sales position. Barr later left MXR and went on to found Alesis while Sherwood and four managers/engineers of MXR, John Langlouise, Phil Betette, Tony Gambacurta and Richard Neutrour, co-founded Applied Research & Technology. Mike Laiacona and his wife went on to found Whirlwind USA . Jim Dunlop acquired

1769-420: The Rush-Henrietta community may use the pool. A relatively recent renovation added two additional full size basketball courts to the existing one, as well as various space for other sports such as ping pong, volleyball and other net sports. Under the direction of then Superintendent of Schools Ken Graham, the school added on a $ 15 million gym complex, as well as extensive remodeling to the sports fields located on

1830-635: The Series 2000 line. The Junior boasted four sound effects: a laser, a clap, a snare and a high hat. The effects were samples stored on a replaceable 24-pin ROM chip that was produced by MXR. MXR continued to manufacture most of the Reference, Commande and 2000 Series pedals until they closed down in 1984. MXR also had a line of professional rackmount effects used by the likes of David Gilmour , Stuart Adamson and Mike Rutherford . The first product introduced

1891-677: The UK, marketed under the Bentley Rhythm Ace brand. A number of other preset drum machines were released in the 1970s, but early examples of the use can be found on The United States of America 's eponymous album from 1967–8. The first major pop song to use a drum machine was " Saved by the Bell " by Robin Gibb , which reached #2 in Britain in 1969. Drum machine tracks were also heavily used on

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1952-399: The ability to make slight variations in their playing, such as playing "ahead of the beat" or "behind the beat" for sections of a song, in contrast to a drum machine that plays a pre-programmed rhythm. As well, human drummers play a "tremendously wide variety of rhythmic variations" that drum machines cannot reproduce. Drum machines developed out of a need to create drum beats when a drum kit

2013-601: The buyer would use to build the machine. In 1975, Ace Tone released the Rhythm Producer FR-15 that enables the modification of the pre-programmed rhythm patterns. In 1978, Roland released the Roland CR-78 , the first microprocessor -based programmable rhythm machine, with four memory storage for user patterns. In 1979, a simpler version with four sounds, Boss DR-55, was released. A key difference between such early machines and more modern equipment

2074-629: The campus. This expansion also added eight new classrooms to the academic structure of the building. The expansion also added a senior lounge to the building. The expansion also added a new Literacy Center adjacent to the Senior Lounge. The expansion also added new parking lot space. The expansion was under the supervision of The Rush-Henrietta Central School District. The expansion was completed in September 2014. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenise_Johnson Drum machine A drum machine

2135-415: The characteristic tones of a drum, a piccolo and so on." It has some similarities to Seeburg's slightly earlier 1964 patent. In 1967, Ace Tone founder Ikutaro Kakehashi (later founder of Roland Corporation ) developed the preset rhythm-pattern generator using diode matrix circuit, which has some similarities to the earlier Seeburg and Nippon Columbia patents. Kakehashi's patent describes his device as

2196-573: The company stopped making pedals. The main change in this era was the addition of LEDs and A/C adaptor jacks. These pedals used 1/8" power jacks and had exactly the same circuit board as their pre-1981 box logo brothers. In 1981, MXR introduced the Commande Series , a line of plastic ( Lexan polycarbonate ) pedals. Their design departed from the Reference Series in several respects. The input, output and power jacks were all moved to

2257-450: The course of the 1980s, the 808 attracted a cult following among underground musicians for its affordability on the used market, ease of use, and idiosyncratic sounds, particularly its deep, "booming" bass drum . It became a cornerstone of the emerging electronic, dance , and hip hop genres, popularized by early hits such as Marvin Gaye 's " Sexual Healing " and Afrika Bambaataa and

2318-533: The development of dance music , especially electronic dance music , and hip hop . Its successor, the TR-909 , introduced in 1983, heavily influenced techno and house music . The first drum machine to use samples of real drum kits, the Linn LM-1 , was introduced in 1980 and was adopted by rock and pop artists including Prince and Michael Jackson . In the late 1990s, software emulations began to overtake

2379-445: The development of electronic genres such as techno , house and acid . By 2000, standalone drum machines had become less common, partly supplanted by general-purpose hardware samplers controlled by sequencers (built-in or external), software-based sequencing and sampling and the use of loops, and music workstations with integrated sequencing and drum sounds. TR-808 and other digitized drum machine sounds can be found in archives on

2440-440: The drum machine with a computer or another MIDI device. While drum machines have been used much in popular music since the 1980s, "...scientific studies show there are certain aspects of human-created rhythm that machines cannot replicate, or can only replicate poorly" such as the "feel" of human drumming and the ability of a human drummer to respond to changes in a song as it is being played live onstage. Human drummers also have

2501-509: The drum sounds on the LM-1 were composed of two chips that were triggered at the same time, and each voice was individually tunable with individual outputs. Due to memory limitations, a crash cymbal sound was not available except as an expensive third-party modification. A cheaper version of the LM-1 was released in 1982 called the LinnDrum . Priced at $ 2,995 (equivalent to $ 9,500 in 2023), not all of its voices were tunable, but crash cymbal

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2562-605: The electronic organ as an accompaniment of organists and finally spread widely. In the early 1960s, a nightclub owner in Tokyo, Tsutomu Katoh was consulted by a notable accordion player, Tadashi Osanai , about the rhythm machine he used for accompaniment in the club, a Wurlitzer Side Man. Osanai, a graduate of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Tokyo , convinced Katoh to finance his efforts to build

2623-613: The high school. However, as of the 2017–18 school year, the Webster Building is now in use as an alternative high school, and ninth-graders attend one of the two junior high schools. Rush-Henrietta has a strong athletic program with dozens of varsity teams. The school is known to be arch rivals with the Red Raiders of the nearby Fairport Central School District , located in Fairport, New York . The Senior High School has

2684-451: The more expensive LM-1, the 808 is completely analog , meaning its sounds are generated non-digitally via hardware rather than samples (prerecorded sounds). Launched when electronic music had yet to become mainstream, the 808 received mixed reviews for its unrealistic drum sounds and was a commercial failure. Having built approximately 12,000 units, Roland discontinued the 808 after its semiconductors became impossible to restock. Over

2745-420: The music industry was extensive. Its distinctive sound almost defines 1980s pop, and it can be heard on hundreds of hit records from the era, including The Human League 's Dare , Gary Numan 's Dance , Devo 's New Traditionalists , and Ric Ocasek 's Beatitude . Prince bought one of the first LM-1s and used it on nearly all of his most popular albums, including 1999 and Purple Rain . Many of

2806-576: The original TR-808 and 909, while Behringer released an analogue clone of the 808 as the Behringer RD-8 Rhythm Designer. Korg released an analog drum machine, the Volca Beats , in 2013. Programming of drum machines varies from product to product. On most products, it can be done in real time : the user creates drum patterns by pressing the trigger pads as though a drum kit were being played; or using step-sequencing :

2867-476: The original lineup, including signature pedals such as Eddie Van Halen Phase 90 and Flanger , and Zakk Wylde 's Wylde Overdrive and Black Label Chorus . Rush-Henrietta Senior High School Rush–Henrietta Senior High School - James E. Sperry Building , located in Henrietta, New York , also referred to as Rush–Henrietta Senior High School , R-H and Sperry High School , is the only high school in

2928-465: The pattern is built up over time by adding individual sounds at certain points by placing them, as with the TR-808 and TR-909, along a 16-step bar. For example, a generic 4-on-the-floor dance pattern could be made by placing a closed high hat on the 3rd, 7th, 11th, and 15th steps, then a kick drum on the 1st, 5th, 9th, and 13th steps, and a clap or snare on the 5th and 13th. This pattern could be varied in

2989-516: The pedals had dual outputs with distinctly different sounds. The MXR Series 2000 sported six models. These original pedals in the series included the Dyna Comp, Distortion +, Phaser, Stereo Chorus, Stereo Flanger and Time Delay. In late 1983 MXR announced a digital sound effects pedal generator simply known as the Junior. The Junior was released in early 1984 and was added to the other six pedals in

3050-456: The performer to play drum sounds "live", either on top of a programmed drum beat or as a standalone performance. Drum machines have a range of capabilities, which go from playing a short beat pattern in a loop, to being able to program or record complex song arrangements with changes of meter and style. Drum machines have had a lasting impact on popular music in the 20th century. The Roland TR-808 , introduced in 1980, significantly influenced

3111-479: The popularity of physical drum machines housed in a separate plastic or metal chassis. In 1930–32, the innovative and hard-to-use Rhythmicon was developed by Léon Theremin at the request of Henry Cowell , who wanted an instrument that could play compositions with multiple rhythmic patterns , based on the overtone series , that were far too hard to perform on existing keyboard instruments. The invention could produce sixteen different rhythms, each associated with

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3172-644: The possible combination of rhythm patterns were more than a hundred (on the later models of Rhythm Ace, the individual volumes of each instrument could be adjusted with the small knobs or faders). The FR-1 was adopted by the Hammond Organ Company for incorporation within their latest organ models. In the US, the units were also marketed under the Multivox brand by Peter Sorkin Music Company, and in

3233-560: The resale rights in the US to sell the KIT (M-178), a digital drum machine . In early 1983, MXR released the M-185 [1] MXR Drum Computer , similar to Roger Linn's Linn LM-1 drum machine with individual pads for the instrument sounds and individual volume controls for each sound. Jim Dunlop bought the MXR licensing rights and currently manufactures reissues of some of the classic MXR effects pedals. Dunlop has created new models in addition to

3294-405: The top of the case to allow a tighter grouping on the floor, or pedal board. The Series 2000 was a complete rework of the Reference and Commande lines of pedals. They were higher quality pedals, with electronic FET switching and dual LED indicators. They had a contoured, all-metal chassis and an easily removable battery. They had a fully rubberized bottom and were remote-controllable. Most of

3355-423: The use of bulky electro-mechanical pattern generators. Then in 1964, Seeburg invented a compact electronic rhythm pattern generator using " diode matrix" ( U.S. patent 3,358,068 in 1967), and fully transistorized electronic rhythm machine with pre-programmed patterns, Select-A-Rhythm (SAR1), was released. As a result of its robustness and enough compact size, these rhythm machines were gradually installed on

3416-490: Was a 2U with separate controls for each effect. There was a footpedal (M-181) that enabled the player to switch the different effects on and off, as well as changing the order of the distortion and equalizer effects, a master bypass as well as an effects loop. Since 2006, the "M-181" product number has been re-appropriated by Jim Dunlop for the MXR Bass Blowtorch Overdrive pedal. In 1980 MXR released

3477-604: Was focused on the improvement of reliability and performance, along with size and cost reductions. Unstable vacuum tube circuits were replaced with reliable transistor circuits on the Donca-Matic DC-11 in the mid-1960s. In 1966, the bulky mechanical wheel was also replaced with a compact transistor circuit on the Donca-Matic DE-20 and DE-11. In 1967, the Mini Pops MP-2 was developed as an option for

3538-486: Was followed in 1983 by the TR-909 , the first Roland drum machine to use MIDI , which synchronizes devices built by different manufacturers. It was also the first Roland drum machine to use samples for some sounds. Like the 808, the 909 was a commercial failure, but had a lasting influence on popular music after cheap units circulated on the used market; alongside the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, it influenced

3599-580: Was included as a standard sound. Like its predecessor the LM-1, it featured swappable sound chips. The LinnDrum can be heard on records such as The Cars ' Heartbeat City and Giorgio Moroder 's soundtrack for the film Scarface . It was feared the LM-1 would put every session drummer in Los Angeles out of work and it caused many of L.A.'s top session drummers ( Jeff Porcaro is one example) to purchase their own drum machines and learn to program them themselves in order to stay employed. Linn even marketed

3660-511: Was one of the first programmable drum machines. It had a 6-row push-button matrix that allowed the user to enter a pattern manually. The user could also push punch cards with pre-programmed rhythms through a reader slot on the unit. Another stand-alone drum machine released in 1975, the PAiA Programmable Drum Set was also one of the first programmable drum machines, and was sold as a kit with parts and instructions which

3721-552: Was the Digital Delay, which had delay times from 0.08ms to 320ms, but users could purchase additional plug-in memory boards that were user-installable and could increase delay times to 1280ms. Maximum Delay (msec) In 1983, MXR introduced one of the first multi-effect rack units for guitar and bass, the Omni . The Omni had 6 different effects: sustain, distortion, delay, equalization, flanger and chorus. The main unit

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