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116-553: Motown's entire roster, and occasionally non-Motown performers such as James Brown and The Famous Flames , Otis Redding , Aretha Franklin , Dusty Springfield , The Shirelles and Patti LaBelle & the Bluebelles , were featured on the tours. Most of the venues for the early Motortown Revue tours were along the " Chitlin' Circuit " in the eastern and southern United States . In the Deep South racism became an issue, as

232-614: A cameo appearance in the 2002 Jackie Chan film The Tuxedo , in which Chan was required to finish Brown's act after having accidentally knocked out the singer. In 2002, Brown appeared in Undercover Brother , playing himself. In 2004, Brown opened for the Red Hot Chili Peppers at several Hyde Park concerts in London. The beginning of 2005 saw the publication of his second book, I Feel Good: A Memoir of

348-691: A gospel singer in Toccoa, Georgia . He rose to prominence in the mid-1950s as the lead singer of the Famous Flames , a rhythm and blues vocal group founded by Bobby Byrd . With the hit ballads " Please, Please, Please " and " Try Me ", Brown built a reputation as a dynamic live performer with the Famous Flames and his backing band, sometimes known as the James Brown Band or the James Brown Orchestra. His success peaked in

464-417: A time line (such as clave and tresillo ) in that it is not an exact pattern, but more of a loose organizing principle." It was around this time as the musician's popularity increased that he acquired the nickname "Soul Brother No. 1", after failing to win the title "King of Soul" from Solomon Burke during a Chicago gig two years prior. Brown's recordings during this period influenced musicians across

580-504: A Brand New Bag " in 1965, which became his first top ten pop hit and won him his first Grammy Award . Brown signed a production deal with Loma Records . Later in 1965, he issued " I Got You ", which became his second single in a row to reach number-one on the R&;B chart and top ten on the pop chart. Brown followed that up with the ballad " It's a Man's Man's Man's World ", a third Top 10 Pop hit (No. 1 R&B) which confirmed his stance as

696-497: A Life of Soul , written with Marc Eliot. In February and March 2005, he participated in recording sessions for an intended studio album with Fred Wesley, Pee Wee Ellis, and other longtime collaborators. Though he lost interest in the album, which remains unreleased, a track from the sessions, " Gut Bucket ", appeared on a compilation CD included with the August 2006 issue of MOJO . He appeared at Edinburgh 50,000 – The Final Push ,

812-434: A Loose ", are examples of Brown's refinement of New Orleans funk; irresistibly danceable riffs, stripped down to their rhythmic essence. On both recordings, the tonal structure is bare bones. The pattern of attack points is the emphasis, not the pattern of pitches as if the guitar were an African drum or idiophone. Alexander Stewart states that this popular feel was passed along from "New Orleans—through James Brown's music, to

928-686: A boy. In November 1967, James Brown purchased radio station WGYW in Knoxville, Tennessee , for a reported $ 75,000, according to the January 20, 1968 Record World magazine. The call letters were changed to WJBE reflecting his initials. WJBE began on January 15, 1968, and broadcast a Rhythm & Blues format. The station slogan was "WJBE 1430 Raw Soul". Brown bought WEBB in Baltimore in 1970. Brown branched out to make several recordings with musicians outside his own band. In an attempt to appeal to

1044-624: A cape (or towel) on him and walk him off before Brown decided to return to the microphone. This became a trademark in Brown's shows for the remainder of his career. In 1964, the group recorded another successful live album, Pure Dynamite! Live at the Royal , which like Live at The Apollo , reached the Top 10 of the Billboard Pop Album chart. The Flames also contributed to the recording of

1160-826: A car crash. Along with Brown and Byrd, the group consisted of Sylvester Keels, Doyle Oglesby, Fred Pulliam, Nash Knox and Nafloyd Scott. Influenced by R&B groups such as Hank Ballard and the Midnighters , the Orioles and Billy Ward and his Dominoes , the group changed its name, first to the Toccoa Band and then to the Flames. Nafloyd's brother Baroy later joined the group on bass guitar. Brown, Byrd and Keels switched lead positions and instruments, often playing drums and piano. Johnny Terry later joined, by which time Pulliam and Oglesby had long left. Berry Trimier became

1276-407: A career as a boxer. At the age of 16, he was convicted of robbery and sent to a juvenile detention center in Toccoa . There, he formed a gospel quartet with four cellmates, including Johnny Terry. Brown met singer Bobby Byrd when the two played against each other in a baseball game outside the detention center. Byrd discovered that Brown could sing after hearing of "a guy called Music Box", which

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1392-462: A crossover audience. As a result, Brown signed a contract with Smash Records , a subsidiary of Mercury to distribute the records and Brown released 8 albums from Smash Records. After the release of first funk song "Out of Sight", however, King Records stopped Brown from releasing any more recordings since he had not obtained the label's consent. After that year-long standoff, King Records (who couldn't afford to lose him, as by then Brown had become

1508-416: A duet with singer Annie Lennox on the song "Vengeance" for her new album Venus , which was released in 2007. The Famous Flames The Famous Flames were an American rhythm and blues , soul vocal group founded in Toccoa, Georgia , in 1953 by Bobby Byrd . James Brown first began his career as a member of the Famous Flames, emerging as the lead singer by the time of their first appearance in

1624-522: A focal point for many performances. Other members of Brown's band included stalwart Famous Flames singer and sideman Bobby Byrd, trombonist Fred Wesley , drummers John "Jabo" Starks , Clyde Stubblefield and Melvin Parker , saxophonist St. Clair Pinckney , guitarist Alphonso "Country" Kellum and bassist Bernard Odum . In addition to a torrent of singles and studio albums, Brown's output during this period included two more successful live albums, Live at

1740-641: A grueling schedule throughout the remainder of his life, living up to his previous nickname, "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business", in spite of his advanced age. In 2003, Brown participated in the PBS American Masters television documentary James Brown: Soul Survivor , which was directed by Jeremy Marre . Brown performed in the Super Bowl XXXI halftime show in 1997. Brown celebrated his status as an icon by appearing in

1856-453: A hit with their cover of the instrumental " Night Train ", becoming a top five R&B single. That same year, the ballads " Lost Someone " and " Baby You're Right ", the latter a Joe Tex composition, added to his repertoire and increased his reputation with R&B audiences. On October 24, 1962, Brown financed a live recording of a performance at the Apollo and convinced Syd Nathan to release

1972-458: A house shared with another aunt. Brown's mother eventually left the family after a contentious and abusive marriage and moved to New York. He began singing in talent shows as a young child, first appearing at Augusta's Lenox Theater in 1944, winning the show after singing the ballad "So Long". While in Augusta, Brown performed buck dances for change to entertain troops from Camp Gordon at

2088-721: A large fee. However, the great success of these shows marked a turning point for Brown's career, and soon he was back on top in Hollywood. Movies followed, including appearances in Doctor Detroit (1983) and Rocky IV (1985). He guest-starred in the Miami Vice episode "Missing Hours" (1987). Previously, Brown appeared alongside a litany of other Black musical luminaries in The Blues Brothers (1980). In 1984, he teamed with rap musician Afrika Bambaataa on

2204-541: A major attraction. About their success outside America, Famous Flame Bobby Bennett said, in a 2012 interview with the Cleveland Plain Dealer ; "We were drawing crowds everywhere we went," says Bennett. "Not just in America. We'd go to London or Paris and we couldn't even leave the hotel to go sightseeing because we were getting mobbed by people." Brown's solo aspirations led to further dissension within

2320-425: A professional recording, " Please, Please, Please ", in 1956. On hit songs such as " Try Me ", " Bewildered ", " Think ", " I Don't Mind ", and " I'll Go Crazy ", the Flames' smooth backing harmonies contrasted strikingly with Brown's raw, impassioned singing, and their synchronized dance steps were a prominent feature of their live shows. Altogether, James Brown and the Famous Flames numerous R&B hit songs reached

2436-509: A re-recorded version of "Please, Please, Please" in March 1956. The song became the group's first R&B hit, selling over a million copies. None of their follow-ups gained similar success. In 1957, Brown replaced Clint Brantley as manager and hired Ben Bart, chief of Universal Attractions Agency . In 1957 the original Flames broke up, after Bart changed the name of the group to "James Brown and His Famous Flames". In October 1958, Brown released

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2552-745: A record crowd of 80,000 people. He played a full concert as part of the BBC's Electric Proms on October 27, 2006, at The Roundhouse, supported by the Zutons, with special appearances from Max Beasley and the Sugababes. Brown's last televised appearance was at his induction into the UK Music Hall of Fame in November 2006, before his death in December. Before his death, Brown had been scheduled to perform

2668-611: A result, Brown's record sales and concerts in the United States were in a lull in 1973, as he failed to land a number-one R&B single that year. In 1973 he also faced problems with the IRS for failure to pay back taxes , charging he hadn't paid upwards of $ 4.5 million; five years earlier, the IRS had claimed he owed nearly $ 2 million. In 1973, Brown provided the score for the blaxploitation film Black Caesar . In 1974 he returned to

2784-451: A separate entity from the Flames, sometimes named the James Brown Orchestra or the James Brown Band. In 1960, the band released the top ten R&B hit " (Do the) Mashed Potatoes " on Dade Records, owned by Henry Stone , billed under the pseudonym "Nat Kendrick & the Swans" due to label issues. As a result of its success, King president Syd Nathan shifted Brown's contract from Federal to

2900-677: A show at Los Angeles' Wiltern Theatre , that was well received. On June 10, 1991, James Brown and a star-filled line up performed before a crowd at the Wiltern Theatre for a live pay-per-view at-home audience. James Brown: Living in America – Live! was the brainchild of Indiana producer Danny Hubbard. It featured M.C. Hammer as well as Bell Biv Devoe , Heavy D & the Boys, En Vogue , C+C Music Factory , Quincy Jones , Sherman Hemsley and Keenen Ivory Wayans . Ice-T , Tone Loc and Kool Moe Dee performed paying homage to Brown. This

3016-500: A single. Again, it failed to chart. Brown's final studio albums, I'm Back and The Next Step , were released in 1998 and 2002 respectively. I'm Back featured the song " Funk on Ah Roll ", which peaked at No. 40 in the UK but did not chart in his native US. The Next Step included Brown's final single, " Killing Is Out, School Is In ". Both albums were produced by Derrick Monk. Brown's concert success remained unabated and he kept up with

3132-462: A small wooden shack. Brown's name was supposed to have been Joseph James Brown, but his first and middle names were mistakenly reversed on his birth certificate. The Brown family lived in poverty in Elko, South Carolina , which was an impoverished town in 1933. They moved to Augusta, Georgia , when James was four or five. His family first settled at one of his aunts' brothels. They later moved into

3248-471: A solo artist on the R&B charts, as well reaching the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100. Hit singles such as "I Got You" and " Papa's Got a Brand New Bag " followed his hit song "Out of Sight". The group performed in Hollywood movies such as Ski Party and appearing twice on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1966 (where The Flames were uncredited). The group also began to perform overseas and became

3364-407: A top-ranking performer, especially with R&B audiences from that point on. By 1967, Brown's emerging sound began to be defined as funk music. That year he released what some critics cited as the first true funk song, " Cold Sweat ", which hit number-one on the R&B chart (Top 10 Pop) and became one of his first recordings to contain a drum break and also the first that featured a harmony that

3480-508: A touring band and from that point on, the Flames contributed primarily as backing vocalists and dancers. The band was billed separately as the James Brown Band, and later as the James Brown Orchestra. James Brown began singing with the R&B group the Cremona Trio while growing up in Toccoa, Georgia . In 1949, Brown, then sixteen, was sent to a juvenile detention center after committing several offenses of armed robbery . While at

3596-694: A variety of entertainment and sports events, including an appearance on the WCW pay-per-view event, SuperBrawl X , where he danced alongside wrestler Ernest "the Cat" Miller , who based his character on Brown, during his in-ring skit with the Maestro . Brown appeared in Tony Scott 's short film Beat the Devil in 2001. He was featured alongside Clive Owen , Gary Oldman , Danny Trejo and Marilyn Manson . Brown made

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3712-433: A white Cincinnati band, including the hit " I Can't Stand Myself ". He also released three albums of Christmas music with his own band. In March 1970, most of Brown's mid-to-late 1960s road band walked out on him due to financial disputes, a development augured by the prior disbandment of the Famous Flames singing group for the same reason in 1968. Brown and erstwhile Famous Flames singer Bobby Byrd, who chose to remain in

3828-636: Is referred to by various nicknames , among them "Mr. Dynamite", "the Hardest-Working Man in Show Business", "Minister of New Super Heavy Funk", "Godfather of Soul", "King of Soul", and "Soul Brother No. 1". In a career that lasted more than 50 years, he influenced the development of several music genres. Brown was one of the first ten inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 23, 1986. His music has been heavily sampled by hip-hop musicians and other artists. Brown began his career as

3944-525: Is very important to mention "I've Got Money" which features the first 'rhythmic' shift as one of the foundations of the Funk, played by Clayton Fillyau in recorded in 1961, released in 1962!) Changes in Brown's style that started with "Cold Sweat" established the musical foundation for Brown's later hits, such as " I Got the Feelin' " (1968) and " Mother Popcorn " (1969). By this time Brown's vocals frequently took

4060-675: The Billboard R&;B charts . He also holds the record for the most singles listed on the Billboard Hot 100 chart that did not reach No. 1. Brown was posthumously inducted into the first class of the Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2013 as an artist and then in 2017 as a songwriter. He received honors from several other institutions, including inductions into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame and

4176-570: The Apollo Theater in April 1959, Brown's first performance there, opening for Little Willie John . That year, Brown had his first solo hit, "I Want You So Bad", which peaked in the top twenty on the R&B charts. In 1960, Brown and the Flames had a string of successful songs such as " Think ", " Bewildered "," I Don't Mind ", " This Old Heart ", and " I'll Go Crazy ". By 1962, three versions of "The James Brown Show" were recorded: James with

4292-691: The Songwriters Hall of Fame . In Joel Whitburn 's analysis of the Billboard R&;B charts from 1942 to 2010, Brown is ranked No. 1 in the Top 500 Artists. He is ranked seventh on Rolling Stone 's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, and at No. 44 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. James Joseph Brown was born on May 3, 1933, in Barnwell, South Carolina , to 16-year-old Susie ( née Behling; 1917–2004) and 21-year-old Joseph Gardner Brown (1912–1993) in

4408-612: The Universal Attractions Agency (talent agency). Bart advised the group to change their name to The Famous Flames with James Brown. Brown and Bart hired members of the vocal group the Dominions to replace the original Flames, after the group quit en masse when they had discovered that James Brown was to be given top billing over the other members. At this point, The Famous Flames became a vocal group exclusively, with no instrumental members...as Brown had hired

4524-662: The standard " Prisoner of Love ". He launched his first label, Try Me Records , which included recordings by Tammy Montgomery, later to be famous as Tammi Terrell , Johnny & Bill (Famous Flames associates Johnny Terry and Bill Hollings) and the Poets, which was another name used for Brown's backing band. During this time, Brown began an ill-fated two-year relationship with 17-year-old Tammi Terrell when she sang in his revue. Terrell ended their personal and professional relationship because of Brown's abusive behavior. In 1964, seeking bigger commercial success, Brown and Bobby Byrd formed

4640-410: The "fifth Flame". Brown, the Flames, and his entire band debuted at the Apollo Theater on April 24, 1959, opening for Brown's idol, Little Willie John . Federal Records issued two albums credited to Brown and the Famous Flames. Both contained previously released singles. In 1960, Brown began multi-tasking in the recording studio involving himself, his singing group, the Famous Flames, and his band,

4756-410: The 1960s with the live album Live at the Apollo and hit singles such as " Papa's Got a Brand New Bag ", " I Got You (I Feel Good) " and " It's a Man's Man's Man's World ". During the late 1960s, Brown moved from a continuum of blues and gospel -based forms and styles to a new approach to music-making, emphasizing stripped-down interlocking rhythms that influenced the development of funk music. By

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4872-432: The 1964 studio album, Showtime . During this time, the record label's inconsistent billing on various records and albums, led many fans of Brown to believe that the Famous Flames were actually Brown's backing band, instead of the stand-alone vocal group that they actually were. In 1964, James & the Flames had another top 40 hit with the powerful soul/blues ballad " Oh Baby, Don't You Weep ", which reached number 23 on

4988-676: The Devil's music". This led the group to perform R&B under the name The Avons, which included members such as Troy Collins, Doyle Oglesby, Sylvester Keels and Willie Johnson. After deciding to focus primarily on R&B, the Starlighters ended and formed new R&B group the Avons. In 1954, Brown again turned his attention to music with the group the Ever Ready Gospel Singers, which included his old reform school friend, Johnny Terry, who had been paroled at approximately

5104-436: The Famous Flames, James with his instrumental band, and James as a solo act. In 1962, the Famous Flames had a hit with " Shout and Shimmy ", which was their rendition of The Isley Brothers ' " Shout ", but the song was dismissed by at least one critic as "a truly shameless ripoff of [the song]... basically the fast parts of "Shout" with the gospel inflections removed and the word 'shimmy' added." Nevertheless,"Shout and Shimmy"

5220-582: The Fox Theatre in 1969). In 2015, a double CD deluxe edition of the Motortown Revue in Paris was released, containing 12 previously unavailable and unreleased live tracks. James Brown James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933 – December 25, 2006) was an American singer, dancer, and musician. The central progenitor of funk music and a major figure of 20th-century music , he

5336-460: The Garden (1967) and Live at the Apollo, Volume II (1968), and a 1968 television special, James Brown: Man to Man . His music empire expanded along with his influence on the music scene. As Brown's music empire grew, his desire for financial and artistic independence grew as well. Brown bought radio stations during the late 1960s, including WRDW in his native Augusta, where he shined shoes as

5452-408: The J.B.'s dissolved after a March 1971 European tour (documented on the 1991 archival release Love Power Peace ) due to additional money disputes and Bootsy Collins's use of LSD ; a new lineup of the J.B.'s coalesced around Wesley, St. Clair Pinckney and drummer John Starks. In 1971, Brown began recording for Polydor Records . Many of his sidemen and supporting players, including Fred Wesley &

5568-488: The J.B.'s, Bobby Byrd, Lyn Collins , Vicki Anderson and former rival Hank Ballard , released records on the People label. During the 1972 presidential election , James Brown openly proclaimed his support of Richard Nixon for reelection to the presidency over Democratic candidate George McGovern . The decision led to a boycott of his performances and, according to Brown, cost him a big portion of his black audience. As

5684-496: The JC Davis outfit as his instrumental backup band. After several other recordings failed to chart, the Famous Flames were in danger of being dropped by Federal in 1958. Johnny Terry gave Brown a ballad that was based on the song " For Your Precious Love " by Jerry Butler & The Impressions titled " Try Me ". This song became the turning point in the Famous Flames' career: their first number-one R&B hit in early 1959...and

5800-684: The King Records catalogue), claiming they were cheated out of royalties from samples of Byrd's 1971 hit " I Know You Got Soul " and numerous other Famous Flames hits over the years. Despite rumors of bad blood, Byrd contended he "still loved" Brown and felt the matter was more due to issues with Universal than with Brown. Lloyd Stallworth died in 2001, followed by Johnny Terry in 2005 and James Brown died December 25 in 2006. Bobby Byrd performed at Brown's public funeral in Augusta, Georgia. Byrd died nine months later, in September 2007. Bobby Bennett,

5916-554: The No. 1 spot on the R&B charts with " The Payback ", with the parent album reaching the same spot on the album charts. He reached No. 1 two more times in 1974, with " My Thang " and " Papa Don't Take No Mess ". "Papa Don't Take No Mess" was his final single to reach the No. 1 spot on the R&B charts. His other Top Ten R&B hits during this latter period included " Funky President " (R&B No. 4) and " Get Up Offa That Thing " (R&B No. 4). Although his records were mainstays of

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6032-510: The R&B chart. His former record label Polydor released the four-CD box set Star Time , spanning Brown's career to date. Brown's release from prison prompted his former record labels to reissue his albums on CD, featuring additional tracks and commentary by music critics and historians. In 1991, Brown appeared on rapper MC Hammer 's video for " Too Legit to Quit ". Hammer had been noted, alongside Big Daddy Kane , for bringing Brown's unique stage shows and their own energetic dance moves to

6148-573: The R&B charts. Constantly performing the song while the group toured the Chitlin' Circuit kept the record on the charts for a year, and by 1957, it had sold well over 5,000 copies. The record eventually sold between one million and three million. Most of the original Flames' releases after "Please, Please, Please" failed to generate any follow-up success, including "I Don't Know", "No No No", "Just Won't Do Right" and "Chonnie-On-Chon". The group had changed managers and were now with Ben Bart, chief of

6264-485: The Top 40 on the R&;B and pop charts .They also appeared in the Hollywood films T.A.M.I. Show (1964) and Ski Party . Members of the Flames also contributed as songwriters and choreographers. In 2012 the Flames were retroactively inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame alongside Brown. On their Rock & Roll Hall of Fame page, they are described as "a group of singers, performers and dancers that created

6380-404: The UK and France. The revue was filmed during a December 1962 week-long stand at the Apollo Theater and, in 1963, Motown released audio edits from the films as a series of live LPs. The films themselves have never had an authorized exhibition other than occasional brief snippets in a Motown TV special. A four- CD box set compiling the four issued albums of Motortown Revue live performances

6496-517: The US R&;B chart and reached No. 59 on the UK chart. Its brief charting in the UK was probably due to the success of a remixed version of "I Feel Good" featuring Dakeyne . Brown released the singles "How Long" and "Georgia-Lina", which failed to chart. In 1995, Brown returned to the Apollo and recorded Live at the Apollo 1995 . It included a studio track titled "Respect Me", which was released as

6612-558: The album, despite Nathan's belief that no one would buy a live album due to the fact that Brown's singles had already been bought and that live albums were usually bad sellers. Live at the Apollo was released in June 1963 and became an immediate hit, eventually reaching number two on the Top LPs chart and selling over a million copies, staying on the charts for 14 months. In 1963, Brown scored his first top 20 pop hit with his rendition of

6728-400: The ballad " Try Me ", which hit number one on the R&B chart in the beginning of 1959, becoming the first of seventeen chart-topping R&B hits. Shortly afterwards, he recruited his first band, led by J. C. Davis, and reunited with Bobby Byrd who joined a revived Famous Flames lineup that included Eugene "Baby" Lloyd Stallworth and Bobby Bennett , with Johnny Terry sometimes coming in as

6844-513: The band during this tumultuous period as co-frontman, effectively serving as a proto- hype man in live performances, recruited several members of the Pacemakers , a Cincinnati-based ensemble that included bassist Bootsy Collins and his brother, guitarist Phelps "Catfish" Collins ; augmented by the remaining members of the 1960s road band, including Fred Wesley, who rejoined Brown's outfit in December 1970, and other newer musicians, they formed

6960-482: The complementary elements of one of the greatest stage shows of all time." As of 2020, The Famous Flames were also inducted into The National Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame . The Famous Flames are sometimes erroneously identified as James Brown's "band", a confusion partly fostered by their record companies ' inconsistent labeling credit practices. Although members of the group did play instruments in some of their earliest shows and recordings, by 1959 Brown had hired

7076-611: The detention center, he formed a group called the Swanees, which included Johnny Terry. The band made their own instruments, including a comb and paper , a washtub bass and a drum kit made from lard tubs, while Brown himself played "a sort of mandolin [made] out of a wooden box." This led to Brown's first nickname, "Music Box". In 1952, Brown's reform school baseball team played another team that featured Bobby Byrd and they soon became friends. Shortly after, Byrd and his family offered to be Brown's sponsors for an early prison release. Brown

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7192-568: The disco-oriented " It's Too Funky in Here " in 1979 reaching the R&B Top 15 and the ballad " Kiss in '77 " reaching the Top 20. After 1976's "Bodyheat", he failed to appear on the Billboard Hot 100. As a result, Brown's concert attendance began dropping and his reported disputes with the IRS caused his business empire to collapse. In addition, several longtime bandmates, including Wesley and Maceo Parker, had gradually pivoted to Parliament-Funkadelic, which reached its critical and commercial apogee in

7308-443: The early 1970s, Brown had fully established the funk sound after the formation of the J.B.s with records such as " Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine " and " The Payback ". He also became noted for songs of social commentary, including the 1968 hit " Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud ". Brown continued to perform and record until his death from pneumonia in 2006. Brown recorded and released 17 singles that reached No. 1 on

7424-580: The early 1980s that hip hop pioneer Kurtis Blow called the song "the national anthem of hip hop". After his stint in prison during the late 1980s, Brown met Larry Fridie and Thomas Hart who produced the first James Brown biopic, entitled James Brown: The Man, the Message, the Music , released in 1992. He returned to music with the album Love Over-Due in 1991. It included the single " (So Tired of Standing Still We Got to) Move On ", which peaked at No. 48 on

7540-490: The ensuing decades, the Famous Flames never performed with him as a group again. Brown wrote dismissively of them in his 1986 autobiography, claiming that though "they were a good stage act, [they] couldn't really sing all that good." However, elsewhere he referred to them favorably as "a bunch of real fine quartet singers". In 2003, Byrd and his wife, Vicki Anderson , along with Famous Flames Bobby Bennett and Lloyd Stallworth, sued Brown and Universal Records (which now owned

7656-568: The family from time to time throughout his career. Shortly after being paroled he joined the gospel group the Ever-Ready Gospel Singers, featuring Byrd's sister Sarah. Brown joined Bobby Byrd's group in 1954. The group had evolved from the Gospel Starlighters, an a cappella gospel group, to an R&B group with the name the Avons. He reputedly joined the band after one of its members, Troy Collins, died in

7772-631: The final Live 8 concert on July 6, 2005, where he performed a duet with British pop star Will Young on "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag". In the Black Eyed Peas album "Monkey Business", Brown was featured on a track called "They Don't Want Music". The previous week he had performed a duet with another British pop star, Joss Stone , on the United Kingdom chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross . In 2006, Brown continued his Seven Decades of Funk World Tour. His final major U.S. performance

7888-620: The first committee of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame announced that James Brown would be one of the Hall of Fame's first charter members to be inducted. However, Brown's former singing group, the Famous Flames, were not included in this induction. The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame's criterion states that only artists whose first recording had been out for more than 25 years were eligible for induction. Brown's first solo recording did not meet that criterion. Rock & Roll Hall of Fame president and chief executive officer Terry Stewart contended that Brown

8004-541: The form of a kind of rhythmic declamation, not quite sung but not quite spoken, that only intermittently featured traces of pitch or melody . This became a major influence on the techniques of rapping , which would come to maturity along with hip hop music in the coming decades. Brown's style of funk in the late 1960s was based on interlocking syncopated parts: strutting bass lines, syncopated drum patterns, and iconic percussive guitar riffs. The main guitar ostinatos for 1969's " Ain't It Funky " and " Give It Up or Turnit

8120-407: The group audition. He then sent them to a local radio station to record a demo session, where they performed their own composition " Please, Please, Please ", which was inspired when Little Richard wrote the words of the title on a napkin and Brown was determined to make a song out of it. The Famous Flames eventually signed with King Records ' Federal subsidiary in Cincinnati, Ohio, and issued

8236-405: The group quietly disappeared. In 1968, King released the group's Live at the Apollo, Volume II but edited out the Famous Flames' introduction, since the group had left Brown by then.However, years later, on the 2001 Deluxe Edition CD release, the complete introduction by MC Frankie Crocker, including The Famous Flames' name, was restored. Although Byrd reunited with Brown on several occasions in

8352-645: The group reached a peak in its popularity when they appeared in the 1964 American International Pictures concert film, The T.A.M.I. Show . This star-studded concert film was filmed live, over two days, at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in California. At this show, Brown & The Flames (Byrd, Bennett, and Stallworth), debuted their landmark performance of " Please, Please, Please " during that concert, where Brown collapsed on his knees, causing Bobby Bennett and MC Danny Ray to drape

8468-491: The group record a demo of " Please, Please, Please " for a local Macon radio station. " Please, Please, Please " came together in two pieces, first, Etta James stated that during the first time she met with Brown in Macon, Brown "used to carry around an old tattered napkin with him, because Little Richard had written the words, 'please, please, please' on it and James was determined to make a song out of it...". The second part of

8584-500: The group to add "Famous" to their name. That year, Doyle Oglesby and Fred Pulliam left the group and were replaced by Nashpendle "Nash" Knox when Little Richard left Macon for Los Angeles after the September 1955 release of " Tutti Frutti ". The group began composing and performing their own songs during this time including a James Brown composition called "Goin' Back to Rome" and a ballad Brown co-wrote with Johnny Terry titled " Please, Please, Please ". Before Christmas 1955, Brantley had

8700-505: The group's first appearance in the Billboard Hot 100 Pop Chart, peaking at #48. Following the song's success, Brown suddenly fired the interim group members of the Dominions/Flames, "Big Bill" Hollings, J.W. Archer, and Louis Madison. These men, along with the returning Willie Johnson, another interim member, went on to form a San Francisco-based splinter group, The Fabulous Flames . This group issued several unsuccessful singles on

8816-551: The group's first manager, booking them at parties near college campuses in Georgia and South Carolina. The group had already gained a reputation as a good live act when they renamed themselves the Famous Flames. In 1955, the group contacted Little Richard while performing in Macon . Richard convinced the group to get in contact with his manager at the time, Clint Brantley, at his nightclub. Brantley agreed to manage them after seeing

8932-410: The group, who felt they weren't being compensated properly. Lloyd Stallworth left the Flames shortly after the group's first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show in early 1966, leaving Brown, Byrd, and Bennett. Dissension continued to grow throughout 1966 and 1967, and in 1968 the rest of the members of the Famous Flames (Bobby Byrd and Bobby Bennett), decided to go on with their own separate careers, and

9048-581: The group. Ralph Bass of Federal Records eventually won the bidding war, signing the Famous Flames in February 1956. A month later, they re-recorded the song in Cincinnati. Upon hearing it, King Records founder Syd Nathan deemed it unreleasable due to Brown's vocals, and almost fired Ralph Bass on the spot. "Please, Please, Please" was released in May 1956 and by September, the record had reached number 6 on

9164-484: The hip-hop generation. Both listed Brown as their idol. Both musicians sampled his work, with Hammer having sampled the rhythms from " Super Bad " for his song "Here Comes the Hammer", from his best-selling album Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em . Big Daddy Kane sampled many times. Before the year was over, Brown–who had immediately returned to work with his band following his release–organized a pay-per-view concert following

9280-468: The impact of the bands' lead singers or front men. The Famous Flames (Byrd, Bennett, Terry and Stallworth) were inducted in April 2012 alongside other "backing groups" such as The Midnighters ( Hank Ballard ), The Comets ( Bill Haley ), The Crickets ( Buddy Holly ), The Blue Caps ( Gene Vincent ) and The Miracles ( Smokey Robinson ). Since all these lead singers were actually members of these groups, these were not really "backing groups" at all. This

9396-676: The industry, most notably groups such as Sly and the Family Stone , Funkadelic , Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band , Booker T. & the M.G.s as well as vocalists such as Edwin Starr , David Ruffin and Dennis Edwards from the Temptations , and Michael Jackson , who, throughout his career, cited Brown as his ultimate idol. Brown's band during this period employed musicians and arrangers who had come up through

9512-460: The jazz tradition. He was noted for his ability as a bandleader and songwriter to blend the simplicity and drive of R&B with the rhythmic complexity and precision of jazz . Trumpeter Lewis Hamlin and saxophonist/keyboardist Alfred "Pee Wee" Ellis , the successor to previous bandleader Nat Jones, led the band. Guitarist Jimmy Nolen provided percussive, deceptively simple riffs for each song, and Maceo Parker 's prominent saxophone solos provided

9628-446: The label's biggest star), offered him a new contract, which gave him full creative control over his recordings Upon his return to King, Brown recorded by himself, without The Famous Flames' vocal backing, though they continued to receive label credit, and continued performing with Brown on live appearances (and on live albums) through 1968. In 1965, King released Brown's " Papa's Got a Brand New Bag ", which became Brown's first number 1 as

9744-425: The last living member of The Famous Flames, lived long enough to see the group inducted into the 2012 class of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , before himself dying on January 18, 2013. The Famous Flames were posthumously inducted into The National Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame in two separate inductions: James Brown in 2013, and the remaining Flames, Byrd, Bennett, Stallworth, and Johnny Terry, in 2020. In 1986,

9860-540: The mid-to-late 1970s. The emergence of disco forestalled Brown's success on the R&B charts, because its slicker, more commercial style had superseded his rawer, one-chord funk productions. By the release of 1979's The Original Disco Man , Brown seldom contributed to the songwriting and production processes, leaving most of it to producer Brad Shapiro . This resulted in the song "It's Too Funky in Here" becoming Brown's most successful single in this period. After two more albums failed to chart, Brown left Polydor in 1981. It

9976-644: The mostly African American performers were sometimes attacked or threatened by local white residents. While in the north the Motown artists generally played to mixed audiences, in the South, white and black audiences either attended separate shows, or were allowed to attend the same show as long as each race stayed on either side of a police-guarded rope, that divided the performance hall. Motown artists are credited with being among those who broke down these barriers so later audiences would no longer be separated by color. It

10092-469: The nucleus of the J.B.'s , Brown's new backing ensemble. Shortly following their first performance together, the band entered the studio to record the Brown-Byrd composition, " Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine ". The song —with its off the beat play Brown called "The One"— and other contemporaneous singles further cemented Brown's influence in the nascent genre of funk music. This iteration of

10208-593: The older, more affluent, and predominantly white adult contemporary audience, Brown recorded Gettin' Down To It (1969) and Soul on Top (1970)—two albums consisting mostly of romantic ballads, jazz standards, and homologous reinterpretations of his earlier hits—with the Dee Felice Trio and the Louie Bellson Orchestra. In 1968, he recorded a number of funk-oriented tracks with the Dapps ,

10324-496: The parent label, King, which according to Brown in his autobiography meant "you got more support from the company". While with King, Brown, under the Famous Flames lineup, released the hit-filled album Think! and in 1961 released two albums with the James Brown Band earning second billing. With the Famous Flames, Brown sang lead on several more hits, including " Bewildered ", " I'll Go Crazy " and " Think ", songs that hinted at his emerging style. In 1962, Brown and his band scored

10440-607: The pop chart, and number four on the Cashbox R&;B chart. Later that year they released their last recording together, " Maybe the Last Time ", which was a B-side of James Brown's recording " Out of Sight ". On this last studio release, as on all of their Smash recordings, The Flames did not receive label credit. In 1964, when the Flames where still together, James Brown and Bobby Byrd formed their own production company, Fair Deal, in an attempt to promote their recordings to

10556-585: The popular music of the 1970s". Those same tracks were later resurrected by countless hip-hop musicians from the 1970s onward. As a result, James Brown remains to this day the world's most sampled recording artist. Two tracks that he wrote, are synonymous with modern dance, especially with house music , jungle music , and drum and bass music , which were sped up exponentially, in the latter two genres. "Bring it Up" has an Afro-Cuban guajeo -like structure. All three of these guitar riffs are based on an onbeat/offbeat structure. Stewart says that it "is different from

10672-485: The production company, Fair Deal, linking the operation to the Mercury imprint, Smash Records . King Records fought against this and was granted an injunction preventing Brown from releasing any recordings for the label. Prior to the injunction, Brown had released three vocal singles, including the blues-oriented hit " Out of Sight ", which further indicated the direction his music was going to take. Touring throughout

10788-529: The production team Full Force on the new jack swing -influenced I'm Real . It spawned his final two Top 10 R&B hits, " I'm Real " and " Static ", which peaked at No. 2 and No. 5, respectively. Meanwhile, the drum break from the second version of the original 1969 hit "Give It Up Or Turnit A Loose", the recording included on the compilation album In the Jungle Groove , became so popular at hip hop dance parties, especially for breakdance , during

10904-464: The road, which later became hits for The Temptations. The Miracles , Motown's first star act (and first million-selling group), always closed the show. After becoming a major force in the music industry during the mid-1960s, Motown continued to organize group tours under the Motortown Revue name. Later tours from the mid-1960s on covered the entire United States, and other countries including

11020-443: The same time as Brown. However, when the group failed to get a recording deal they disbanded, leading Brown to return to Toccoa. Later in 1954, the Avons faced a tragedy when Troy Collins died in a car accident. Byrd asked Brown to replace Collins. At first, lead vocals were split between Byrd, Keels and Brown. Johnny Terry was also asked to join and he brought in a guitarist, Nafloyd Scott, and Fred Pulliam replaced Willie Johnson. It

11136-502: The song " Unity ". A year later he signed with Scotti Brothers Records and issued the moderately successful album Gravity in 1986 with a popular song " How Do You Stop ". It included Brown's final Top Ten pop hit, " Living in America ", marking his first Top 40 entry since 1974 and his first Top Ten pop entry since 1968. Produced and written by Dan Hartman , it featured prominently on the Rocky IV film and soundtrack. Brown performed

11252-696: The song in the film at Apollo Creed's final fight, shot in the Ziegfeld Room at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas , and was credited in the film as the Godfather of Soul. 1986 also saw the publication of his autobiography, James Brown: The Godfather of Soul , co-written with Bruce Tucker. In 1987, Brown won the Grammy for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Living in America". In 1988, Brown worked with

11368-447: The song's conception came together after Brown and Terry heard The Orioles ' rock 'n' roll version of Big Joe Williams ' hit, " Baby Please Don't Go ", where they got the melody. " Please, Please, Please " was played on Macon radio stations, making it a regional hit by the end of 1955. The recording was sent to several record labels, who promptly passed on the record, though two labels, owned by Cincinnati -based King Records, pursued

11484-404: The start of World War II as their convoys traveled over a canal bridge near his aunt's home. This is where he first heard the legendary blues musician Howlin' Wolf play guitar. He learned to play the piano, guitar, and harmonica during this period. He became inspired to become an entertainer after hearing " Caldonia " by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five . In his teen years, Brown briefly had

11600-520: The tiny "Bay-Tone Records" label, before fading into obscurity. By then, Brown and Terry had asked Bobby Byrd to return, which he did, and they added new Flames members Bobby Bennett and Lloyd Stallworth . This was the longest-lasting lineup of The Famous Flames, which became a straight vocal group exclusively at this point, as Brown, with Byrd's help, had employed the old J.C. Davis outfit, The Bucketheads, as his instrumental backup band. The group (now James Brown and The Famous Flames) then performed at

11716-438: The vanguard New York underground disco scene, exemplified by DJs such as David Mancuso and Francis Grasso , from 1969 onwards, Brown did not consciously yield to the trend until 1975's Sex Machine Today . By 1977, he was no longer a dominant force in R&B. After "Get Up Offa That Thing", thirteen of Brown's late 1970s recordings for Polydor failed to reach the Top 10 of the R&B chart, with only " Bodyheat " in 1976 and

11832-509: The year, Brown and the Famous Flames grabbed more national attention after delivering an explosive show-stopping performance on the live concert film The T.A.M.I. Show . The Flames' dynamic gospel-tinged vocals, polished choreography and timing as well as Brown's energetic dance moves and high-octane singing upstaged the proposed closing act, the Rolling Stones . Having signed a new deal with King, Brown released his song " Papa's Got

11948-545: Was "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business", The Famous Flames were the hardest-working group ". In 1993, James Brown and The Famous Flames as a group were awarded the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Lifetime Achievement Award by Foundation co-founder Ruth Brown and Bonnie Raitt . in 1998, Famous Flames founder Bobby Byrd received the Pioneer Award from the same organization. The Famous Flames did appear in

12064-473: Was Brown's first public performance since his parole from the South Carolina prison system in February. He had served two-and-a-half years of two concurrent six-year sentences for aggravated assault and other felonies. Brown continued making recordings. In 1993 his album Universal James was released. It included his final Billboard charting single, " Can't Get Any Harder ", which peaked at No. 76 on

12180-543: Was Brown's nickname at the prison. Byrd has since said he and his family helped to secure an early release, which led to Brown promising the court he would "sing for the Lord". Brown was released on a work sponsorship with Toccoa business owner S. C. Lawson. Lawson was impressed with Brown's work ethic and secured his release with a promise to keep him employed for two years. Brown was paroled on June 14, 1952. Brown went on to work with both of Lawson's sons, and came back to visit

12296-492: Was a hit, and James and The Famous Flames sang and performed this song on Dick Clark's American Bandstand , on a telecast dated June 11, 1962. Their 1963 live recording at the Apollo Theater was released as Live at the Apollo , which peaked at number-two on the pop album chart. It sold over a million copies and stayed on the charts for fourteen months, a feat unprecedented for an R&B album at that time. In 1964,

12412-610: Was around this time that Brown changed the name of his band from the J.B.'s to the Soul Generals, or Soul G's. The band retained that name until his death. Despite Brown's declining record sales, promoters Gary LoConti and Jim Rissmiller helped Brown sell out a string of residency shows at the Reseda Country Club in Los Angeles in early 1982. Brown's compromised commercial standing prevented him from charging

12528-501: Was around this time that the Avons changed their name to The Toccoa Band in order to avoid confusion with two other groups also named the Avons. Under their manager, Barry Tremier, the group began playing instruments, with Brown playing drums and Byrd the piano. By 1955, after seeing a performance by Little Richard , the group left gospel behind and again changed their name, to The Flames. While performing at his club in Macon, Georgia , Clint Brantley (agent for Little Richard) advised

12644-546: Was from a live Motortown Revue performance that Little Stevie Wonder got his first big hit, the 1963 No. 1 hit " Fingertips (Pt. 2) ". Motown CEO Berry Gordy, Jr. noted in his biography, To Be Loved , that the Revue was used to showcase Stevie Wonder in the days before he had his first hit. Also, Smokey Robinson and the other Miracles composed songs such as " The Way You Do the Things You Do " and " My Girl " while on

12760-461: Was highlighted by Smokey Robinson, who did the induction honors for all of the groups, including his own Miracles, who stated, "These people do not stand behind you. They stand with you." "These are not backing groups. These are the groups." Bennett, as the Famous Flames' only surviving member, accepted the honor in person in Cleveland on April 14, 2012. Bennett further stated the induction

12876-817: Was in San Francisco on August 20, 2006, as headliner at the Festival of the Golden Gate (Foggfest) on the Great Meadow at Fort Mason . The next day, he performed at an 800-seat campus theatre at Humboldt State University in Arcata, California . His last shows were greeted with positive reviews, and one of his final concert appearances at the Irish Oxegen festival in Punchestown in 2006 included

12992-441: Was indeed eligible for induction but as a member of The Famous Flames. Concerning the Hall of Fame's failure to induct The Flames with Brown back in 1986, Stewart went on to say: "There was no legislative intent why they weren't included; somehow they just got overlooked." In 2011, a special committee was set up to correct exclusions which might have occurred during the first two years of Rock Hall inductions (1986 and 1987) due to

13108-485: Was not only a correction for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame committee's mishap in 1986 but also a reunion: "For years, I felt like we were all separated," said Bennett. "I feel like we're whole again, I wish we could all be here as one group. Yes, James Brown was the most famous of the Flames, but we were all Famous Flames." Onstage, during the induction ceremony, Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson, said, "If James Brown

13224-469: Was paroled on June 14, 1952, on the condition he not return to his hometown. In response, Brown moved into Byrd's parents' home in Toccoa, finding work as a dishwasher and also trying short careers as a boxer. Around this time, Byrd had formed the gospel vocal group, the Gospel Starlighters. Within a year, the group wanted to perform R&B but was afraid of being confronted by church leaders for "singing

13340-424: Was reduced to a single chord . The instrumental arrangements on tracks such as " Give It Up or Turnit a Loose " and " Licking Stick-Licking Stick ", both recorded in 1968, and " Funky Drummer ", recorded in 1969, featured a more developed version of Brown's mid-1960s style, with the horn section , guitars, bass and drums meshed together in intricate rhythmic patterns based on multiple interlocking riffs . (Note: It

13456-491: Was released by Motown/Hip-O select in 2002, celebrating the Revue's 40th anniversary. Motortown Revue: 40th Anniversary Collection collected the various artist's Motown releases Motortown Revue, Vol. 1 Recorded Live at the Apollo (1963), Motortown Revue Vol. 2 (recorded at Detroit's Fox Theatre in 1964), Motortown Revue in Paris (recorded at the Olympia Theatre in 1965), and Motortown Revue Live! (recorded at

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