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73-536: The studios were first developed in 2009 when the state had a generous film tax credit promoted by the governor at the time, Jennifer Granholm . Linden Nelson's son passed on how Michigan's film credits were a big topic of discussion at Cannes Film Festival . Nelson discussed with Ari Emanuel the idea of a Michigan production studio to take advantage of the tax break. Nelson and Emanuel formed Motown Motion Pictures LLC in May 2008. Soon two more investors were brought in to

146-651: A naturalized U.S. citizen , and worked for John B. Anderson 's campaign for president of the United States as an Independent in the 1980 election . She then enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley , the first person in her family to attend college. She was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and graduated in 1984 with a B.A. in political science and French . During a year in France, she helped to smuggle clothes and medical supplies to Jewish people in

219-490: A "do‑nothing governor", claiming that she failed to lead, while Democrats accused legislative Republicans of being obstructionist. In January 2005, Granholm presented an early budget proposal, demanded immediate response from the Legislature, and held a press conference outlining the highlights of the proposed budget. After refusing to consider, debate, or vote on the proposed budget, Republicans stated they would prefer that

292-600: A "fresh face" after the 12-year Engler administration, raised more money than Blanchard and Bonior and consistently led them in polls by large margins. Her campaign led to increased turnout among women and she comfortably won the Democratic primary with 499,129 votes (47.69%) to Bonior's 292,958 (27.99%) and Blanchard's 254,586 (24.32%). Granholm was the heavy favorite in the general election, boasting strong support from working women, African-Americans and voters under 30 years of age. She campaigned on her record on crime and

365-527: A "repeat and progressively worse error rate" that saw 33% of items sold in December 1999 being sold for more at the register than they were listed for on the shelves. J.C. Penney paid a fine and agreed to designate "pricing associates" to monitor for errors in pricing. After the September 11, 2001 attacks , Granholm directed state agencies to work with lawmakers in keeping the fight against terrorism within

438-488: A college preparatory curriculum, which includes four years of math and English/language arts and three years of science and social studies, beginning with students who entered high school in the fall of 2006. At an awards ceremony on October 28, 2004, Granholm was inducted into the " Michigan Women's Hall of Fame ". She has also been the recipient of the Michigan Jaycees 1999 "Outstanding Young Michiganders" and

511-454: A consumer advocate, as Kelley had done. However, the race turned bitter in mid-September, when Smietanka ran television ads that called Granholm an "inexperienced" and "dangerous" liberal. He also tried to link Granholm to Democratic gubernatorial nominee Geoffrey Fieger 's crime plan, which called for greater emphasis on rehabilitation for non-violent criminals and shortening their prison terms. Granholm, who had disavowed Fieger's crime plan

584-676: A federal tax credit program with help from Edward B. Montgomery, the White House assistant for the automobile communities. The studio was originally to be named Motown Motion Pictures, giving possible confusion with multiple businesses, particularly Motown Records. So in June 2009, the Raleigh Michigan Studios name was selected after Raleigh Entertainment, the company which would be managing the studio. Nelson indicated at that time that Emanuel had 20 pictures lined up to film at

657-518: A harsh critic of the annual tradition at The University of Michigan called the Naked Mile . Through her efforts, the event was essentially cancelled by April 2000 never to emerge again. In July 2000, Granholm's office settled with J.C. Penney after the retailer made numerous pricing and scanning errors in stores in Michigan. The issue came to the attention of the attorney general's office after

730-456: A high unemployment rate and a financial emergency , the studio was seen as a way to diversify the economy of the city away from General Motors then given a bailout. The company pursued and got various government incentives. The city was pushed, over the objections of the financial manager, to waive property taxes and issued municipal bonds on behalf of the company. The bonds were backed by the state retirement system . The studio got assistance from

803-484: A lawsuit against RVP Development, builders of the Arcadia Bluffs Golf Course , alleging that poor construction of the course had led to illegal discharges of sediment into Lake Michigan from erosion following heavy storms in 1998, which had "turned a ravine into a ravaged gorge". Development company President Richard Postma refused to pay the $ 425,000 of state fines, saying he had made moves to stop

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876-566: A possible candidate for United States attorney general . She was the policy chair of the Democratic Governors Association . On April 29, 2008, Granholm had emergency surgery to fix a health issue that stemmed from a 1993 accident. Because of the surgery, Granholm had to postpone a trip to Israel and Kuwait . She finally made the journey in November 2008 and signed a water technology partnership agreement with

949-511: A proponent of education reform since the first year of her term. In her first State of the State Address in 2003, Granholm announced Project Great Start to focus on reforming education for children from birth to age five. Project Great Start has coordinated public and private efforts to encourage educating new parents and encouraging parents to read to their children. Granholm emphasized post-secondary education for Michiganders following

1022-476: A recall campaign against Granholm and lawmakers who voted for the tax increases. The budget crisis eventually led Standard & Poor's to downgrade Michigan's credit rating from AA to AA−. Additionally, the crisis contributed to sinking approval ratings for Granholm, which went from 43 percent in August 2007 to a low of 32 percent in December 2007. She had one of the lowest approval ratings for any governor in

1095-421: A removal hearing on September 3, 2008. On September 3, Granholm outlined the legal basis for the hearings, arguments were made, and three witnesses were called. On the morning of September 4, Kilpatrick agreed to two plea deals in which he pleaded guilty to two counts of perjury and no contest one count of assaulting and obstructing a police officer in two separate cases. Both deals required his resignation. When

1168-607: A year, the most senior judge shall act as chief. Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge. When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status , or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982. The court has 16 seats for active judges, numbered in

1241-646: Is also a former chair of the Midwestern Governors Association . She lived in the official Michigan Governor's Residence , located near the Capitol Building. During Granholm's first year in office, she made a significant number of budget cuts to deal with a $ 1.7   billion deficit (about two percent of the annual state budget). She was upset by proposals to cut state funding to social welfare programs, such as homeless shelters and mental health agencies. Granholm has been

1314-502: Is also a senior research fellow at the Berkeley Energy and Climate Institute (BECI). As a senior advisor to The Pew Charitable Trusts ' Clean Energy Program and founder of The American Jobs Project at UC Berkeley, Granholm spearheads a campaign for a national clean energy policy that promotes and funds American energy independence and home-grown manufacturing and innovation for wind, solar, and advanced battery industries across

1387-613: Is composed of sixteen judges and is based at the Potter Stewart U.S. Courthouse in Cincinnati, Ohio . It is one of 13 United States courts of appeals . The United States federal courts were divided into six circuits in 1801, but a circuit court of appeals was not established until the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1891 . William Howard Taft , the only person ever to serve as both President and Chief Justice of

1460-484: The Dow Chemical Company from March to October 2011. In May 2011, she joined the board of directors of Marinette Marine Corporation , a Wisconsin ship builder and Defense contractor. Granholm is currently serving as the sponsor of USS  Marinette , a warship under construction by the company. In August 2013, she joined the board of Talmer Bancorp , a Michigan financial institution, remaining on

1533-563: The United States Department of Energy in 2020, she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 2021. Granholm was born in Vancouver , British Columbia , to Shirley Alfreda (née Dowden) and Victor Ivar Granholm, both bank tellers. Granholm's maternal grandparents came from Ireland and Newfoundland , respectively. Her paternal grandfather was Hugo "Anders" Granholm, who immigrated to Penny, British Columbia , Canada, in

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1606-832: The YWCA "Woman of the Year" awards. During the 2004 presidential election in Michigan , Granholm campaigned hard for Democratic nominee John Kerry after early polls showed President George W. Bush with a narrow lead. She cited the economy as the main concern for Michiganders, not the Iraq War or the War on Terror , which meant that with "the deficit larger; the Dow dropping; unemployment claims up, hitting an all-time high; General Motors profits below expectations, with health claims crippling profits; flu vaccine in short supply; oil prices rising" her state

1679-453: The automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010 ; specifically, President Obama's decision to bail out General Motors and Chrysler , its beneficial effects on the U.S. economy , and Mitt Romney 's opposition to the bailout. In January 2014, she was picked to co-chair Priorities USA Action opposite Jim Messina . She has previously said Hillary Clinton "is the strongest candidate out there should she decide to raise her hand" in regard to

1752-415: The 154 people Granholm tried, 151 were convicted. In 1995, she was appointed as Corporation Counsel for Wayne County, the youngest person to hold the position. Granholm defended the county against lawsuits, sued the state over road taxes, and fought to uphold environmental laws. Thirty-seven-year Democratic Attorney General Frank J. Kelley chose not to run for a 10th term in 1998 and Granholm entered

1825-457: The 34,355 who had completed training, 72% had found work or retained their positions and a further 18,000 were still in long-term or short-term training. 16% of all enrollees had withdrawn or failed to complete the training. As of July 2010, more than two years after the program was launched, 65,536 people were in training or involved in on-the-job training. Dropouts had been reduced to 13.1% of enrollments. Granholm delivered her sixth State of

1898-493: The 47th Governor of Michigan from 2003 to 2011, as the first woman to hold each office. Born in Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada , Granholm moved to California at age four. She obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1984 and a Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School in 1987. She then clerked for Judge Damon Keith of the United States Court of Appeals for

1971-711: The Israeli government. In addition, she delivered the keynote address at an automotive event organized by the Michigan Israel Business Bridge and the Israel Export Institute . In response to a May 14, 2008 resolution by the Detroit City Council that Granholm remove Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick from office because of eight (later ten) felony counts against him, Granholm began an inquiry that culminated in

2044-652: The Miss San Carlos beauty pageant . As a young adult, she attempted to launch a Hollywood acting career but abandoned her efforts at age 21. In 1978, she appeared on The Dating Game , and held jobs as a tour guide at Universal Studios and in customer service at the Los Angeles Times and was the first female tour guide at Marine World Africa USA in Redwood City , piloting boats with 25 tourists aboard. In 1980, at age 21, she became

2117-463: The Record , another Clinton -aligned political committee whose classification allows Granholm to serve as a direct "surrogate" for Hillary Clinton on the campaign trail. In August 2016, Granholm was named by Clinton to the team planning for her potential presidential transition . Granholm was twice mentioned as a possible U.S. Secretary of Energy , first in December 2008 when President-elect Obama

2190-632: The Sixth Circuit , became an assistant U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan in 1991, and was appointed to the Wayne County Corporation Counsel in 1995. In 1998, Granholm ran for attorney general of Michigan, defeating Republican nominee John Smietanka . She ran for governor of Michigan in 2002 and was elected the state's first female governor . She was re-elected in 2006 . Granholm

2263-550: The Sixth Circuit , from 1987 to 1988. She also worked for the Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign . After working as an attorney in the Wayne County executive office from 1989 to 1991, Granholm became an assistant U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan in 1991. She helped to prosecute drug dealers, gang members and child pornographers, sued the state and fought against credit card fraud. Of

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2336-666: The Soviet Union and became involved in the Anti-Apartheid Movement . She then earned a Juris Doctor degree at Harvard University , also with honors, in 1987. At Harvard Law School , Granholm served as editor-in-chief of the Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review . After graduating from Harvard Law School, Granholm clerked for Judge Damon Keith , a senior judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for

2409-470: The State address on January 29, 2008. The speech focused mainly on creating jobs in Michigan through bringing alternative energy companies to Michigan. Through passing a renewable portfolio standard , which would require that ten percent of Michigan's energy would come from renewable sources by 2015 and twenty-five percent by 2025, Granholm expected the alternative energy industry to emerge in Michigan. Since

2482-555: The United States , once served on the Sixth Circuit. Four other judges of the Sixth Circuit have been elevated to serve on the Supreme Court, the last being Potter Stewart in 1958. As of September 19, 2024 : Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their circuits, and preside over any panel on which they serve, unless the circuit justice (the Supreme Court justice responsible for

2555-715: The United States. In 2007 Granholm proposed and signed into law the No Worker Left Behind Act to provide two years of free training or community college for unemployed and displaced workers. Since its launch in August 2007, more than 130,000 people have enrolled in retraining. The program caps tuition assistance at $ 5000 per year for two years, or $ 10,000 per person, and covers retraining in high-demand occupations and emerging industries. The Department of Energy, Labor, and Economic Growth reported back in October 2009 that 62,206 people had enrolled and that of

2628-516: The United States. She is a regular contributor to NBC 's political talk show Meet the Press , has written on U.S. energy policy and has co-authored a book with her husband, A Governor's Story: The Fight For Jobs and America's Economic Future , which was released in September 2011 and was about the lessons Michigan's experience can offer to America. Granholm served on the board of directors of

2701-422: The board until the bank was sold in September 2016. In August 2016, she joined the board of ChargePoint , a corporation which manages a network of electric vehicle charging stations. In March 2017, Granholm also joined the board of Proterra , a manufacturer of electric buses and charging stations. In October 2011, Current TV announced that she would be joining its new political primetime lineup as host of

2774-401: The circuit) is also on the panel. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the circuit judges. To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among

2847-481: The company: John Rakolta Jr., a head of a commercial construction company, and A. Alfred Taubman . A former GM plant in Pontiac, Michigan, was purchased rather inexpensively in early 2009 for the studio. Michigan's officials initially considered the studio to be a significant economic engine, since it was intended to establish the state as a legitimate contender in the 12-month-a-year film business. With Pontiac having

2920-445: The day it was released, said the claim was "a lie, just a lie" and that as attorney general, "you are the person who is to protect the consumer from deceitful ads." Asked what separated her from Smietanka, Granholm replied, "Besides honesty?" Kelley also came to Granholm's defense, starring in an advertisement where he called Smietanka's ads "garbage" and a "con" and accused him of running a "dishonest campaign". For his part, Smietanka

2993-554: The decline in Michigan manufacturing jobs, many of which did not require a college degree. In 2004 she asked Lieutenant Governor John D. Cherry to lead the Commission on Higher Education and Economic Growth to double the number of college graduates in Michigan. Many of the commission's recommendations were enacted into law during Granholm's tenure as governor, e.g. increasing high school graduation standards (The Michigan Merit Curriculum) so that every Michigan high school student takes

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3066-441: The early morning of October 1, 2007, until a budget was passed and signed. The budget cut services, froze state spending in areas such as the arts, increased the state income tax, and created a new set of service taxes on a variety of businesses, e.g. ski lifts and interior design and landscaping companies, to address a state budget shortfall. As a result of the controversial budget, some taxpayer and business advocates called for

3139-656: The election of Barack Obama as president, Granholm joined his economic advisory team, having had extensive experience running the Michigan economy, and there was speculation that she might join the Obama administration. On May 13, 2009, the Associated Press reported that President Obama was considering Granholm, among others, for possible appointment to the United States Supreme Court. Eventually Obama chose Sonia Sotomayor . In 2010, Granholm

3212-445: The erosion and accused Granholm of trying to make him "a poster child for her campaign of the future". Granholm responded that his "perception of the political landscape in Michigan is as poor as his ability to construct a golf landscape". After years of negotiations and legal wrangling, the lawsuit was settled in August 2003, with RVP Development agreeing to pay a $ 125,000 fine. During her tenure as Attorney General, Granholm became

3285-409: The group of qualified judges, with seniority determined first by commission date, then by age. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. If no judge qualifies to be chief, the youngest judge over the age of 65 who has served on the court for at least one year shall act as chief until another judge qualifies. If no judge has served on the court for more than

3358-438: The hearing reconvened later that day, Granholm said the hearing would be adjourned until September 22 as a result of the plea deals, and if Kilpatrick's resignation became effective before then the hearing would be cancelled. In September 2008, Governor Granholm undertook the role of Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin in a series of practice debates with Democratic vice presidential nominee Joe Biden . With

3431-488: The inexperienced Granholm; she would then not have had a launch pad for her gubernatorial campaign in 2002. Granholm was sworn into office on January 1, 1999, becoming the first female attorney general of Michigan. She served a single term, from 1999 to 2003. In office, she continued Kelley's work on protecting citizens and consumers' rights and established Michigan's first High Tech Crime Unit, appointing Terrence Berg as its first chief. In April 1999, Granholm announced

3504-623: The late 1920s from Robertsfors , Sweden, where his father was the mayor. The former Minister for Enterprise and Energy and former Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden , Maud Olofsson , lives in Robertsfors, and when the two met in Sweden, the media revealed that Olofsson's husband is a relative of Granholm. Her paternal grandmother was Judith Olivia Henriette (Solstad) Granholm, an emigrant from Gjerstad in Southern Norway . She came with

3577-468: The legislature have more involvement in the formation of the state budget. Michigan's economy had been losing jobs since 2000, largely owing to the decline in the American manufacturing sector. Granholm supported diversification of Michigan's economy away from its historical reliance on automotive manufacturing. She pushed through a $ 2   billion 21st Century Jobs Fund to attract jobs to Michigan in

3650-589: The life sciences, alternative energy, advanced manufacturing, and homeland security sectors. Granholm ran for a second term in the 2006 election . Her opponent was Republican businessman and politician Dick DeVos . Both the Granholm campaign and the Michigan Democratic Party put out television commercials produced by Joe Slade White focusing on her efforts to revive Michigan's economy and accusing DeVos of cutting Michigan jobs while he

3723-473: The new program The War Room with Jennifer Granholm . In January 2013, she announced that she was leaving the network due to the sale to Al Jazeera . In October 2012, she became a "household name" after delivering what has been described as a "hyperactive" and "sharp-tongued" speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina , on September 6. Granholm's speech centered on

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3796-469: The passage of the standard, Mariah Power, Global Wind Systems, Cascade Swift Turbine, Great Lakes Turbine, and 38 other companies have announced new projects in Michigan. The solar and wind power industries now provide more than ten thousand jobs in Michigan. Granholm also called in the speech for an incentive package to offer tax breaks to filmmakers who shoot in Michigan and use local crews in production. A package of bills offering film industry incentives

3869-510: The powers of the state. She also imposed a regulation on gasoline dealers to keep them from raising prices dramatically, something which occurred sporadically across Michigan immediately following the attacks. In February 2002, Granholm announced that her office was joining with the AARP Michigan State Office to help consumers fight calls from telemarketers. In the 2002 election, incumbent Republican governor John Engler

3942-536: The property and two adjacent parcels spanning 120 acres was sold for $ 44 million. Jennifer Granholm Jennifer Mulhern Granholm (born February 5, 1959) is a Canadian-born American politician. Since 2021, she has served as the 16th United States Secretary of Energy . A member of the Democratic Party , she previously served as the Attorney General of Michigan from 1999 to 2003 and as

4015-546: The race to succeed him. Unopposed for the Democratic nomination, she faced Republican John Smietanka , the 1994 nominee and former U.S. attorney for the Western District of Michigan , in the general election. The campaign began as a relatively friendly one, with both agreeing that they wanted to expand the Internet Crimes Unit, start neighborhood-based crime-fighting programmes and continue working as

4088-513: The ship SS Bergensfjord from Oslo to Halifax, and from there she took the railway to Penny, British Columbia , where her uncles and several others had established a small logging village. Granholm's family immigrated to California when she was four years old. She grew up in Anaheim , San Jose , and San Carlos . Granholm attended Ida Price Junior High and Del Mar High School before graduating from San Carlos High School in 1977 and won

4161-545: The state's first female governor, she also became its third governor who was not a natural-born citizen of the United States and its fourth who was not born within the United States. The earlier two non-natural-born citizens were Fred M. Warner , who was born in England and was the 26th governor from 1905 to 1911; and John Swainson , who was also born in Canada and was the 42nd governor from 1961 to 1963. George W. Romney , who

4234-436: The studio defaulted on the entire $ 630,000 payment on the bond. In August 2012, Raleigh Studios ended their management agreement with the studios. The owners of the facility then changed the name to Michigan Motion Picture Studios. On June 22, 2018, it was announced that the building and the land comprising the studio would be sold to then-Commerce Township-based defense contractor Williams International Co. LLC . The sale of

4307-562: The studio, totaling 535,000 square feet (49,700 m) at the Pontiac Centerpoint Business Campus, until August 2012. The first big picture filmed at the studio was Disney's Oz the Great and Powerful . Gov. Rick Snyder 's 2011 rollback of state film credits caused some film producers to bypass the Michigan studio resulting in the studio investors to miss scheduled debt servicing payments and in August 2012

4380-406: The studio. By September 2009, several colleges including Oakland University and Baker College started holding film classes at the studio. The ground was broken on the studio on July 27, 2010, with the governor and other officials in attendance. The studios opened in summer 2011 and Raleigh Studios of Hollywood took over management of the facility. Raleigh Studios of Hollywood operated and marketed

4453-516: The upcoming 2016 presidential election . Granholm previously supported Clinton over Barack Obama in the 2008 election campaign . She considered running for the United States Senate in 2014 to replace retiring Democrat Carl Levin , but decided against doing so. In August 2015, months after Hillary Clinton 's campaign announcement for the 2016 presidential election , Granholm transitioned from Priorities USA Action to Correct

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4526-572: Was a member of the presidential transition team for Barack Obama before he assumed office in 2009. After leaving public office, Granholm took a position at the UC Berkeley and, with her husband Daniel Mulhern, wrote A Governor's Story: The Fight for Jobs and America's Future , released in 2011. She became host of The War Room with Jennifer Granholm . In 2017, she was hired as a CNN political contributor. After President-elect Joe Biden announced his intention to nominate Granholm to head

4599-493: Was angered by Democratic advertisements that referred to late child support payments he had made and claimed that he had lied about how much of his own money he donated to his campaign. After a close race, with polls showing the two candidates with virtually identical votes, Granholm defeated Smietanka by 1,557,310 votes (52.09%) to 1,432,604 (47.91%). After Granholm was elected governor in 2002, arguments arose between Smietanka and then-Republican Governor John Engler about who

4672-563: Was approved by both houses of the Michigan legislature and signed into law by Granholm on April 7, 2008. Partly because of pressure from Granholm, Michigan's Democratic presidential primary was moved up to January 15, leading the Democratic National Committee to strip the Michigan Democratic Party of its delegates (Michigan historically had held its caucuses on February 9). Granholm has been named by some as

4745-503: Was assembling his first-term Cabinet and again in December 2010, when it was rumored that Secretary Steven Chu might resign. United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (in case citations , 6th Cir. ) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts : The court

4818-411: Was badly hit. In February 2005, Michigan's Republican-dominated legislature refused to vote on Granholm's proposed state budget, citing concerns over cuts to state funding for higher education. In the previous years of Granholm's term, many cuts to higher education had been demanded and voted in the legislature in order to balance the state budget. The year before, Republican leaders had called Granholm

4891-634: Was barred from seeking re-election due to Michigan's term limits law. Her governorship ended on January 1, 2011, when Republican Rick Snyder , who won the 2010 election, was sworn in. Granholm is a distinguished adjunct professor of law and public policy at the UC Berkeley Goldman School of Public Policy and UC Berkeley School of Law . In the Autumn of 2011, she taught a graduate course entitled "Governing in Tough Times". She

4964-651: Was born in Mexico and was the 27th governor from 1963 to 1969, was a natural-born citizen by virtue of his parents' U.S. citizenship at the time of his birth. Granholm emphasized Michigan's need to attract young people and businesses via the Cool Cities Initiative . As governor, she was a member of the National Governors Association , chairing its Health and Human Services Committee and co‑chairing its Health Care Task Force. She

5037-402: Was head of what was then called Amway . Granholm won re-election, defeating DeVos. The election results were 56 percent for Granholm, 42 percent for DeVos, and a little over one percent for minor-party candidates Gregory Creswell , Douglas Campbell , and Bhagwan Dashairya . Granholm's share of the vote was 4.9 percent higher than in her first gubernatorial election in 2002. Granholm's campaign

5110-638: Was managed by Howard Edelson . The 2006 elections saw a return to power by the Democrats in the State House of Representatives and the retention of Republican control over the State Senate . The partisan division of power in Michigan's state government led to a showdown between Granholm and lawmakers over the FY 2008 state budget that resulted in a four-hour shutdown of nonessential state services in

5183-501: Was most responsible for Granholm's meteoric rise in Michigan politics. Smietanka blamed Engler for trying to force him out of the 1998 race in favor of G. Scott Romney, for dredging up the issue of his missed child support payments and for not supporting him more fully after he defeated Romney at the Republican convention. Engler countered that Smietanka was a weak candidate who should have stepped aside for Romney, who would have beaten

5256-423: Was seen as more charismatic than Posthumus. Despite the 2002 elections being a good year for Republicans nationwide, who gained control of the U.S. Senate and increased their hold on the U.S. House , Granholm defeated Posthumus by 1,633,796 votes (51.42%) to 1,506,104 (47.40%). Granholm was sworn in as the 47th governor of the state of Michigan on January 1, 2003. Upon her inauguration, in addition to becoming

5329-591: Was term-limited and not able to run for re-election to a fourth term in office. The Republicans unified around Engler's lieutenant governor , Dick Posthumus . Meanwhile, Granholm faced a competitive primary against former U.S. Ambassador to Canada and governor James Blanchard and U.S. Representative and former House Minority Whip David E. Bonior . Blanchard had been defeated for reelection by Engler in 1990 and Bonior had resigned as Democratic whip to run for governor, his House district having been redrawn to make it all but unwinnable for him. Granholm, seen by many as

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