Misplaced Pages

#984015

57-655: Moulin Rouge ( / ˌ m uː l æ̃ ˈ r uː ʒ / , French: [mulɛ̃ ʁuʒ] ; lit.   ' "Red Mill" ' ) is a cabaret in Paris , on Boulevard de Clichy, at Place Blanche, the intersection of, and terminus of Rue Blanche. In 1889, the Moulin Rouge was co-founded by Charles Zidler and Joseph Oller , who also owned the Paris Olympia . The original venue was destroyed by fire in 1915. Moulin Rouge

114-499: A 20-year-old set designer whose work became synonymous with the venue. Jacques-Charles and Mistinguett collaborated on several acclaimed revues, including: 1925: Revue Mistinguett 1926: Ça c'est Paris 1928: Paris qui tourne During a 1927 performance, an incident occurred when female dancers emerged from multi-tiered artificial cakes covered in real frosting. The slippery cake cream on their high heels caused them to repeatedly slip and fall on stage, resulting in disruptions to

171-619: A decor described as "A sort of Beirut with Chinese influences." The composer Eric Satie , after finishing his studies at the Conservatory, earned his living playing the piano at the Chat Noir . By 1896, there were 56 cabarets and cafes with music in Paris, along with a dozen music halls. The cabarets did not have a high reputation; one critic wrote in 1897 that "they sell drinks which are worth fifteen centimes along with verses which, for

228-470: A form of entertainment of its own and led to the introduction of cabarets across Europe. Today, the Moulin Rouge is a tourist attraction , offering predominantly musical dance entertainment for visitors from around the world. The club's decor still contains much of the romance of fin de siècle France. On 6 October 1889, the Moulin Rouge opened as the Jardin de Paris , an outdoor garden café-concert , at

285-470: A great deal of social commentary. When New York cabarets featured jazz, they tended to focus on famous vocalists like Nina Simone , Bette Midler , Eartha Kitt , Peggy Lee , and Hildegarde rather than instrumental musicians. Julius Monk 's annual revues established the standard for New York cabaret during the late 1950s and '60s. Cabaret in the United States began to decline in the 1960s, due to

342-576: A revival of American cabaret, particularly in New Orleans , Chicago , Seattle , Portland , Philadelphia , Orlando , Tulsa , Asheville, North Carolina , and Kansas City, Missouri , as new generations of performers reinterpret the old forms in both music and theater. Many contemporary cabaret groups in the United States and elsewhere feature a combination of original music, burlesque and political satire. In New York City, since 1985, successful, enduring or innovative cabaret acts have been honored by

399-589: A small room (12th century). The first printed use of the word kaberet is found in a document from 1275 in Tournai . The term was used since the 13th century in Middle Dutch to mean an inexpensive inn or restaurant ( caberet , cabret ). The word cambret , itself probably derived from an earlier form of chambrette , little room, or from the Norman French chamber meaning tavern, itself derived from

456-963: A staple feature: On 7 September 1979, the Moulin Rouge marked its 90th anniversary, reaffirming its status as a prominent fixture in Parisian nightlife. The celebration featured an array of stars, including Ginger Rogers , Thierry Le Luron , Dalida , and Charles Aznavour , among others. Notable events followed, including a special presentation of the show to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on 23 November 1981. The venue hosted renowned performers such as Liza Minnelli in February 1982, followed by gala performances with Dean Martin in July 1984 and Frank Sinatra in September 1984. A milestone occurred on 1 December 1986, when world-renowned dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov premiered an original ballet by Maurice Béjart at

513-523: A successful businesswoman, touring extensively across Europe and the United States. On 9 April 1910, a former lady-in-waiting to Empress Eugénie attended a showing of the Revue Amoureuse at the Moulin Rouge and was so captivated by the faithful recreation of a ceremony for the return of troops from Italy that she exclaimed, "Long Live the Empress!" Tragically, on 27 February 1915, the Moulin Rouge

570-426: Is southwest of Montmartre , in the Paris district of Pigalle on Boulevard de Clichy in the 18th arrondissement , and has a landmark red windmill on its roof. The closest métro station is Blanche . Moulin Rouge is best known as the birthplace of the modern form of the can-can dance. Originally introduced as a seductive dance by the courtesans who operated from the site, the can-can dance revue evolved into

627-536: Is the Kleinkunstacademie (English: Cabaret Academy). It is often a mixture of (stand-up) comedy, theatre, and music and often includes social themes and political satire. In the mid twentieth century, "the big three" were Wim Sonneveld , Wim Kan , and Toon Hermans . Nowadays, many cabaret shows of popular "cabaretiers" (performers of cabaret) are broadcast on national television, especially on New Year's Eve, when several special cabaret shows are aired where

SECTION 10

#1732772447985

684-690: The 53rd Eurovision Song Contest . The venue's global reach extended further in February 2009 when it was showcased as part of the Year of France in Brazil and the Rio Carnival on Copacabana Beach . However, on 13 January 2013, Moulin Rouge owner Jacki Clérico passed away, followed by the death of Doris Haug, founder of the Doris's Girls, on 10 August 2014. Despite these losses, the Moulin Rouge celebrated its 125th anniversary on 6 October 2014. On 25 April 2024,

741-462: The Balajo in Paris, acquired the Moulin Rouge and initiated extensive renovation efforts. Architects Pierre Devinoy, Bernard de La Tour d’Auvergne, and Marion Tournon-Branly were tasked with enhancing and outfitting the new auditorium. The envisioned décor by Jo France, largely executed by Henri Mahé, a prominent designer of the era, remains intact to this day. The return of evening dances, acts, and

798-533: The Croix de Lorraine on the modern rue Bourg-Tibourg. In 1773, French poets, painters, musicians and writers began to meet in a cabaret called Le Caveau on rue de Buci, where they composed and sang songs. The Caveau continued until 1816, when it was forced to close because its clients wrote songs mocking the royal government. In the 18th century, the café-concert or café-chantant appeared, which offered food along with music, singers, or magicians. The most famous

855-536: The Grateful Dead . A handful of music halls exist today in Paris, attended mostly by visitors to the city; and a number of more traditional cabarets, with music and satire, can be found. In the Netherlands, cabaret or kleinkunst (literally: "small art") is a popular form of entertainment, usually performed in theatres. The birth date of Dutch cabaret is usually set at August 19, 1895. In Amsterdam, there

912-534: The Alhambra Music Hall in 1902, and the Printania in 1903. The Printania, open only in summer, had a large music garden which seated twelve thousand spectators, and produced dinner shows which presented twenty-three different acts, including singers, acrobats, horses, mimes, jugglers, lions, bears and elephants, with two shows a day. In the 20th century, the competition from motion pictures forced

969-512: The Champs-Élysées opened in 1946, presenting Édith Piaf, Laurel and Hardy , Shirley MacLaine , Marlene Dietrich , Maurice Chevalier , and Noël Coward . The Crazy Horse Saloon , featuring striptease, dance, and magic, opened in 1951. The Olympia Paris went through a number of years as a movie theater before being revived as a music hall and concert stage in 1954. Performers there included Piaf, Dietrich, Miles Davis , Judy Garland , and

1026-513: The Late Latin word camera meaning an arched roof. Cabarets had appeared in Paris by at least the late 15th century. They were distinguished from taverns because they served food as well as wine, the table was covered with a cloth, and the price was charged by the plate, not the mug. They were not particularly associated with entertainment even if musicians sometimes performed in both. Early on, cabarets were considered better than taverns; by

1083-1052: The Moulin Rouge underwent renovation and improvement under the direction of Édouard Niermans , a prominent architect of the Belle Époque era, amongst other works he designed the brasserie Mollard, the Casino de Paris , the Folies Bergère in Paris, the Palace Hôtel in Ostend in Belgium, the rebuilding of the Hôtel du Palais in Biarritz, and the creation of the Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice. This included

1140-558: The Moulin Rouge was highlighted in the German Occupation Guide as a must-visit attraction in Paris. Its stage shows continued for the occupation troops and were mentioned in autobiographies of German officers such as Ernst Jünger and Gerhard Heller. The Germans facilitated "recreational visits" in Paris for their troops, promoting the motto "Jeder einmal in Paris" (everyone once in Paris). The widespread prostitution during

1197-456: The Moulin Rouge. In February 1988, despite the original building's destruction in 1915, the Moulin Rouge celebrated its centenary with the premiere of the revue "Formidable," a prestigious event attended by Prince Edward . Subsequent events included performances in London and gala celebrations featuring an array of luminaries, including Charles Aznavour, Ella Fitzgerald , and Jerry Lewis . Over

SECTION 20

#1732772447985

1254-481: The addition of aperitif concerts, attracting the fashionable elite for dining and entertainment in a luxurious setting. Until the outbreak of the First World War , the Moulin Rouge became renowned for its operetta performances. Successful shows during this period included Voluptata, La Feuille de Vigne, Le Rêve d'Egypte, Tais-toi tu m'affoles, among others, each with evocative titles. On 3 January 1907, during

1311-708: The annual Bistro Awards. The Cabaret Theatre Club, later known as The Cave of the Golden Calf , was opened by Frida Strindberg (modelled on the Kaberett Fledermaus in Strindberg's native Vienna) in a basement at 9 Heddon Street, London, in 1912. She intended her club to be an avant-garde meeting place for bohemian writers and artists, with decorations by Jacob Epstein , Eric Gill , and Wyndham Lewis , but it rapidly came to be seen as an amusing place for high society and went bankrupt in 1914. The Cave

1368-484: The cabaret's windmill blades collapsed onto the street, resulting in damage to the facade. No injuries were reported. The windmill was restored on 5 July that year, in time for the Olympic torch relay that passed through the area on 15 July. The Moulin Rouge in Paris was a source of inspiration for: Cabaret The term originally came from Picard language or Walloon language words camberete or cambret for

1425-568: The cabaretier usually reflects on large events of the past year. German Kabarett developed from 1901, with the creation of the Überbrettl ( Superstage ) venue, and by the Weimar era in the mid-1920s, the Kabarett performances were characterized by political satire and gallows humor . It shared the characteristic atmosphere of intimacy with the French cabaret from which it was imported, but

1482-1455: The club. . . . the question of the legality of these vouchers led to a famous visitation of the police. That was the night a certain Duke was got out by way of the kitchen lift . . . The visitation was a well-mannered affair' One of the main gathering centers of cabarets in Tehran (Iranian capital) was Laleh-Zar Street . Famous Persian cabarets were active in the city until 1979 . They also introduced many domestic artists. In common language, cabaret sometimes called by Iranians "home of dance" (In Persian : رقاص‌خانه ) or "dancing place". In Stockholm , an underground show called Fattighuskabarén ( Poor House Cabaret ) opened in 1974 and ran for 10 years. Performers of later celebrity and fame (in Sweden) such as Ted Åström , Örjan Ramberg , and Agneta Lindén began their careers there. Wild Side Story also had several runs in Stockholm, at Alexandra's (1976 with Ulla Jones and Christer Lindarw ), Camarillo (1997), Rosenlundsteatern/Teater Tre (2000), Wild Side Lounge at Bäckahästen (2003 with Helena Mattsson ) and Mango Bar (2004). Alexandra's had also hosted AlexCab in 1975, as had Compagniet in Gothenburg . In 2019

1539-509: The comic duo Footit and Chocolat, comprising a white authoritarian clown and a black long-suffering Auguste , gained popularity and were frequently featured on Moulin Rouge posters. On 19 April 1890, the first revue, "Circassiens et Circassiennes," debuted. On 26 October 1890, during a private visit to Paris, the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII , reserved a table to witness a quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, where La Goulue famously greeted him with

1596-665: The dance halls to put on shows that were more spectacular and more complex. In 1911, the producer Jacques Charles of the Olympia Paris created the grand staircase as a setting for his shows, competing with its great rival, the Folies Bergère which had been founded in 1869. Its stars in the 1920s included the American singer and dancer Josephine Baker . The Casino de Paris , directed by Leon Volterra and then Henri Varna, presented many famous French singers, including Mistinguett, Maurice Chevalier , and Tino Rossi . Le Lido on

1653-810: The end of the century, there were only a few cabarets of the old style remaining where artists and bohemians gathered. They included the Cabaret des noctambules on Rue Champollion on the Left Bank; the Lapin Agile at Montmartre; and Le Soleil d'or at the corner of the quai Saint-Michel and boulevard Saint-Michel, where poets including Guillaume Apollinaire and André Salmon met to share their work. The music hall , first invented in London, appeared in Paris in 1862. It offered more lavish musical and theatrical productions, with elaborate costumes, singing, and dancing. The theaters of Paris, fearing competition from

1710-511: The end of the sixteenth century, they were the preferred place to dine out. In the 17th century, a clearer distinction emerged when taverns were limited to selling wine, and later to serving roast meats. Cabarets were frequently used as meeting places for writers, actors, friends and artists. Writers such as La Fontaine , Moliere and Jean Racine were known to frequent a cabaret called the Mouton Blanc on rue du Vieux-Colombier, and later

1767-480: The enlargement of the auditorium, installation of a giant aquarium, and the introduction of the first aquatic ballet. The Revue Cancan , devised by Doris Haug and Ruggero Angeletti, premiered the same year. Since 1963, following the success of the Frou-Frou revue, Jacki Clérico adopted a tradition of naming revues with titles beginning with the letter F. Throughout these productions, the famed French cancan remained

Moulin Rouge - Misplaced Pages Continue

1824-473: The exclamation, "Hey, Wales, the champagne's on you!" In 1891, Toulouse-Lautrec created his first poster for the Moulin Rouge, featuring La Goulue . In 1893, the " Bal des Quat'z'Arts " sparked scandal with its procession featuring a nude Cleopatra surrounded by young naked women. On 12 November 1897, the Moulin Rouge closed for the first time to mourn the passing of its manager and co-founder, Charles Zidler. Yvette Guilbert paid homage to him, saying, "You have

1881-518: The final years of the Partitions of Poland . In the interwar Poland there was a considerable number of Yiddish -language cabarets. This art form was called kleynkunst (lliterally "small art") in Yiddish. In post- war Poland, it is almost always associated with the troupe (often on tour ), not the venue ; pre-war revue shows (with female dancers) were long gone. American cabaret

1938-489: The first Serbian cabaret club Lafayette opened. Although Serbia and Belgrade had a rich nightlife and theater life there was no cabaret house until 2019. It retained the intimate atmosphere, entertainment platform, and improvisational character of the French cabaret but developed its own characteristic gallows humour. By the late 1920s the German cabaret gradually had come to feature mildly risque musical entertainment for

1995-580: The foot of the Montmartre hill. Its creator Joseph Oller and his Manager Charles Zidler were formidable businessmen who understood the public's tastes. The aim was to attract wealthy individuals to experience the ambiance of the fashionable district of Montmartre , which was perceived as a form of slumming. The elaborate setting, featuring a garden adorned with a large elephant, provided an environment where individuals from various social strata could interact. This included workers, local residents, artists,

2052-510: The gallows humor was a distinct German aspect. The Polish kabaret is a popular form of live (often televised ) entertainment involving a comedy troupe, and consisting mostly of comedy sketches , monologues , stand up comedy , songs and political satire (often hidden behind double entendre to fool censors ). It traces its origins to Zielony Balonik , a famous literary cabaret founded in Kraków by local poets, writers and artists during

2109-545: The iconic French cancan marked a revival at the Moulin Rouge. On 19 May 1953, the 25th "Bal des Petits Lits Blancs," organized by novelist Guy des Cars , attracted notable figures such as French President Vincent Auriol and featured Bing Crosby 's European stage debut. Between 1951 and 1960, the stage saw performances by renowned artists including Luis Mariano , Charles Trénet , and Josephine Baker . In 1955, Jo France transferred ownership to brothers Joseph and Louis Clérico, proprietors of Le Lido , with Jean Bauchet assuming

2166-568: The knack of creating popular pleasure, in the finest sense of the word, of entertaining crowds with subtlety, according to the status of those to be entertained." In 1900, the Universal Exhibition attracted visitors from around the world to the Moulin Rouge, solidifying Paris's reputation as a city of decadent pleasure. This led to the establishment of imitation "Moulin Rouges" and "Montmartres" in many other countries. In January 1903,

2223-530: The managerial role. The tradition of the French cancan continued, choreographed by Ruggero Angeletti. Doris Haug established the "Doris's Girls" troop in 1957, initially comprising four girls and later expanding to sixty. Transformations in 1959 included renovations to the Moulin Rouge's kitchens, while the introduction of The Revue Japonaise in 1960 showcased Japanese artists and popularized Kabuki in Montmartre. In 1962, Jacki Clérico , son of Joseph Clérico, assumed leadership, ushering in an era of expansion with

2280-475: The middle class, businessmen, stylish women, and tourists passing through Paris. Nicknamed "The First Palace of Women" by Oller and Zidler, the cabaret swiftly garnered significant acclaim. Key factors contributing to its success included: During its early years, the Moulin Rouge featured extravagant shows inspired by the circus, along with attractions that gained widespread fame, such as Pétomane . Concert-dances were organized daily at 10 pm. Between 1886 and 1910,

2337-592: The middle-class man, as well as biting political and social satire. It was also a centre for underground political and literary movements. [...] They were the centres of leftist of opposition to the rise of the German Nazi Party and often experienced Nazi retaliation for their criticism of the government. Casino de Paris Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

Moulin Rouge - Misplaced Pages Continue

2394-546: The most part, are worth nothing." The traditional cabarets, with monologues and songs and little decor, were replaced by more specialized venues; some, like the Boite a Fursy (1899), specialized in current events, politics and satire. Some were purely theatrical, producing short scenes of plays. Some focused on the macabre or erotic. The Caberet de la fin du Monde had servers dressed as Greek and Roman gods and presented living tableaus that were between erotic and pornographic. By

2451-560: The music halls, had a law passed by the National Assembly forbidding music hall performers to wear costumes, dance, wear wigs, or recite dialogue. The law was challenged by the owner of the music hall Eldorado in 1867, who put a former famous actress from the Comédie-Française on stage to recite verse from Corneille and Racine. The public took the side of the music halls, and the law was repealed. The Moulin Rouge

2508-564: The occupation eventually led to the implementation of the Loi Marthe Richard in 1946, which closed bordellos and reduced stage shows to dancing events. In 1944, shortly after the liberation of Paris , Edith Piaf , who had performed frequently at social gatherings for German forces during the war, returned to the stage at the Moulin Rouge. She was accompanied by Yves Montand , a newcomer chosen to perform with her. On 22 June 1951, Georges France, also known as Jo France, founder of

2565-647: The performance of Le Rêve d'Egypte, Colette exchanged scandalous kisses that revealed her connection to the Duchess of Morny, leading to the show being banned. Mistinguett made her debut at the Moulin Rouge on 29 July 1907 in the Revue de la Femme, showcasing her undeniable talent. She quickly rose to fame, achieving immense success the following year with Max Dearly in La Valse chaloupée. Born into poverty, Mistinguett's sharp wit and determination propelled her to become

2622-465: The performances of stars such as Mistinguett, Jeanne Aubert , and Maurice Chevalier , as well as the introduction of American revues featuring the Hoffmann Girls. In 1923, composer and conductor Raphaël Beretta proposed a reconstruction of the Moulin Rouge's music hall on a larger scale. The iconic mill structure, supported by a central facade adorned with oval dormers, was designed by Gesmar,

2679-684: The revue Lew Leslie's Blackbirds , featuring jazz singer and Broadway star Adelaide Hall , along with a troop of a hundred black artists accompanied by the Jazz Plantation Orchestra, became the hit of the season at the Moulin Rouge. In 1937, the Cotton Club , renowned in New York, was showcased at the Moulin Rouge, alongside performances by Ray Ventura and his Collegians. During the Second World War (1939–1945),

2736-458: The rising popularity of rock concert shows, television variety shows , and general comedy theaters. However, it remained in some Las Vegas-style dinner shows, such as the Tropicana , with fewer comedy segments. The art form still survives in various musical formats, as well as in the stand-up comedy format, and in popular drag show performances. The late 20th and early 21st century saw

2793-407: The show. Mistinguett's tenure at the Moulin Rouge produced enduring songs such as "Valencia," "Ça c'est Paris" (both by Jose Padilla ), "Il m'a vue nue," "On m' suit," and "La Java de Doudoune," the latter performed with Jean Gabin . In 1929, Mistinguett retired from the stage, leading to the transformation of the Moulin Rouge's ballroom into an ultra-modern Night Club. From June to August 1929,

2850-677: The years, the Moulin Rouge continued to host charitable events, such as the Cartier gala in support of the Artists' Foundation against AIDS in 1994, and the Lancôme gala in 1995. The centenary revue "Formidable" concluded in November 1999, paving the way for the debut of the new revue "Féerie" in December 1999. In 2008, soloist dancer Aleksandar Josipović served as master of ceremonies at

2907-617: Was Le Chat Noir in the bohemian neighborhood of Montmartre , created in 1881 by Rodolphe Salis , a theatrical agent and entrepreneur. It combined music and other entertainment with political commentary and satire. The Chat Noir brought together the wealthy and famous of Paris with the bohemians and artists of Montmartre and the Pigalle . Its clientele "was a mixture of writers and painters, of journalists and students, of employees and high-livers, as well as models, prostitutes and true grand dames searching for exotic experiences." The host

SECTION 50

#1732772447985

2964-399: Was Salis himself, calling himself a gentleman- cabaretier ; he began each show with a monologue mocking the wealthy, ridiculing the deputies of the National Assembly, and making jokes about the events of the day. The cabaret was too small for the crowds trying to get in; at midnight on June 10, 1885, Salis and his customers moved down the street to a larger new club at 12 rue de Laval, which had

3021-402: Was destroyed by fire during building works, resulting in a nine-year closure. In 1925, the rebuilt Moulin Rouge reopened its doors to the public. Following World War I, Francis Salabert assumed management of the Moulin Rouge. As a businessman rather than a showman, he entrusted Jacques-Charles, a prominent impresario, with revitalizing the cabaret. The Moulin Rouge experienced a resurgence with

3078-510: Was imported from French cabaret by Jesse Louis Lasky in 1911. In the United States, cabaret diverged into several different styles of performance mostly due to the influence of jazz music. Chicago cabaret focused intensely on the larger band ensembles and reached its peak during Roaring Twenties , under the Prohibition Era , where it was featured in the speakeasies and steakhouses . New York cabaret never developed to feature

3135-598: Was nevertheless an influential venture, which introduced the concept of cabaret to London. It provided a model for the generation of nightclubs that came after it. "The clubs that started the present vogue for dance clubs were the Cabaret Club in Heddon Street . . . . The Cabaret Club was the first club where members were expected to appear in evening clothes. . . . The Cabaret Club began a system of vouchers which friends of members could use to obtain admission to

3192-572: Was opened in 1889 by the Catalan Joseph Oller. It was greatly prominent because of the large red imitation windmill on its roof, and became the birthplace of the dance known as the French Cancan . It helped make famous the singers Mistinguett and Édith Piaf and the painter Toulouse-Lautrec , who made posters for the venue. The Olympia , also run by Oller, was the first to be called a music hall; it opened in 1893, followed by

3249-415: Was the Cafe des Aveugles in the cellars of the Palais-Royal , which had a small orchestra of blind musicians. In the early 19th century, many cafés-chantants appeared around the city; the most famous were the Café des Ambassadeurs (1843) on the Champs-Élysées and the Eldorado (1858) on boulevard Strasbourg. By 1900, there were more than 150 cafés-chantants in Paris. The first cabaret in the modern sense

#984015