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33-429: Mount Carroll is a city in and the county seat of Carroll County, Illinois , United States. The population was 1,479 at the 2020 census. Mount Carroll began life as a mill town around 1841. In 1843, a referendum moved the county seat from nearby Savanna to Mount Carroll. The town was incorporated in 1855 and became a city in 1867; the first mayor was Nathaniel Halderman, a prominent local businessman and co-founder of

66-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

99-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

132-667: A county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of

165-473: A household in the city was $ 54,821, and the median income for a family was $ 62,788. Males had a median income of $ 42,396 versus $ 30,387 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 27,966. About 6% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.7% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over. Mount Carroll enjoys a remarkable concentration of historically and architecturally significant structures. The bulk of

198-581: A total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized

231-614: A total of 272 buildings and structures, of which 81 have been assessed to have particular architectural and historic significance. The buildings of the erstwhile Shimer College campus are chiefly in the Georgian Revival style; they form a traditional college quadrangle. Two buildings that formed part of the Shimer College campus, but were built after 1960, are omitted from the Historic District: these are

264-730: Is a designated historic district in the Carroll County, Illinois town of Mount Carroll , which is the county seat . The district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and is one of a total of six sites in the county included on the Register. The district was added to the NRHP in 1980. One building within the district, the Carroll County Courthouse , had already been added to

297-598: Is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

330-510: Is about 40 inches. Due to its elevation and northwesterly location, Mount Carroll is subject to unusually cold winter weather. From 1930 to 1999, Mount Carroll held the record for the lowest temperature ever recorded in Illinois, −35 °F (−37 °C), recorded on January 22, 1930. The record was beaten by Congerville in 1999, by one degree Fahrenheit. 20 years later, on January 31, 2019 during an extreme cold snap , Mount Carroll regained

363-584: The Section of Fine Arts , of the Treasury Department . County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are

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396-542: The Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of

429-522: The United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in

462-609: The Karyn Kupcinet Playhouse and the New Men's Dorm, both of which are separated from the rest of the campus by Jackson Street. Since Shimer's departure in 1978, the campus has been occupied by the Campbell Center for Historic Preservation Studies , originally known as the "Restoration College". The buildings are used for administrative, classroom, and lodging purposes, but also serve as subject matter for

495-412: The NRHP in 1973. The District is divided into three major sections: the traditional downtown of Mount Carroll, including the courthouse, library and business district; a residential area to the south of the downtown; and further south, the historic original campus of Chicago's Shimer College , now occupied by the Campbell Center for Historic Preservation Studies . The great majority of the buildings in

528-798: The administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when

561-517: The city was 95.2% White , 0.34% African American , 0.2% Asian , 0.41% from other races , and 3.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.84% of the population. There were 667 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.43% were married couples living together, 12.14% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.58% were non-families. 36.13% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.09% had someone living alone who

594-495: The county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated,

627-491: The county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where

660-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

693-604: The first two sections date from before 1900. Due to a fire that destroyed the original Mount Carroll Seminary campus in 1906, all of the Shimer campus buildings are from the 20th century, but most date from before 1930. NRHP-listed structures that are located within Mount Carroll but not included in the district are the Caroline Mark House and Nathaniel Halderman House . The District's boundaries include

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726-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

759-578: The mill. Shimer College was established in Mt. Carroll in 1853, but mounting debts forced a move to Waukegan in 1979 and subsequently to Chicago in 2006. The campus now is home to several organizations, most notably the Campbell Center for Historic Preservation Studies . Mount Carroll is located slightly northwest of the center of Carroll County at 42°5′44″N 89°58′37″W  /  42.09556°N 89.97694°W  / 42.09556; -89.97694 (42.095473, -89.977042). U.S. Route 52 passes through

792-407: The oldest semiprofessional summer stock theater company in Illinois, is located 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Mount Carroll. The Mount Carroll post office contains an oil on canvas mural, Rural Scene - Wakarusa Valley , painted by Irene Bianucci in 1941. Federally commissioned murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the United States through the Section of Painting and Sculpture , later called

825-497: The southern part of the city, leading east 7 miles (11 km) to Lanark and west 10 miles (16 km) to Savanna on the Mississippi River . According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Mount Carroll has a total area of 2 square miles (5.18 km), all land. Mt. Carroll has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfa), with cold winters, hot summers, and four seasons. Annual precipitation

858-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

891-580: The term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of

924-432: The title of coldest city in Illinois when a new Illinois state record low temperature of −38 °F (−39 °C) was officially recorded. As of the 2020 census there were 1,479 people, 667 households, and 403 families residing in the city. The population density was 738.39 inhabitants per square mile (285.09/km). There were 812 housing units at an average density of 405.39 per square mile (156.52/km). The racial makeup of

957-501: The town's downtown and older residential area are included in the Mount Carroll Historic District , which encompasses 118 acres (48 ha) and was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Mount Carroll is also home to the Campbell Center for Historic Preservation Studies , located on the historic former Shimer College campus near the south edge of town. The Timber Lake Playhouse ,

990-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

1023-624: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

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1056-443: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.12. The city's age distribution consisted of 19.6% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 19.3% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.2 males. The median income for

1089-399: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Mount Carroll Historic District The Mount Carroll Historic District

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