57-608: Mount Data is a mountain located in the Cordillera Central mountain range rising to a height of 2,310 metres (7,580 ft) in the north of Luzon Island , Philippines . It is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Baguio on the borders of the provinces of Benguet and Mountain Province along the Halsema Highway . The mountain and surrounding area has been declared a national park since 1936. In 1940
114-554: A few residents speak Ibanag , which was the lingua franca of Provincia de Cagayan before it was replaced by Ilokano. Poverty incidence of Nueva Vizcaya Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Agriculture is the main industry in the province, together with rice, corn, fruits and vegetables as major crops. Nueva Vizcaya is a major producer of citrus crops in the country, principally pomelo, ponkan and oranges. The Nueva Vizcaya Agricultural Terminal in Bambang supplies
171-521: A total of 275 barangays , with Roxas in Solano, Nueva Vizcaya as the most populous in 2010, and Santa Rosa in Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya as the least. The population of Nueva Vizcaya in the 2020 census was 497,432 people, with a density of 130 inhabitants per square kilometre or 340 inhabitants per square mile. Nueva Vizcaya is home to about 18 indigenous peoples, which includes the major tribes of
228-582: A week-long affair culminating on May 24, the province's foundation day. Since Nueva Vizcaya's birth as a province, traces of the culture and customs of its early settlers—the Igorots [ Ilongots (Bugkalot), Ifugaos , Isinais, Kalanguya], Gaddangs , and the Pangasinans —can still be seen. The influx of civilization and the infusion of modern technology to the life stream of the province induced immigration from adjacent provinces. The province
285-606: Is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon . Its capital and largest town is Bayombong . It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966. The name Nueva Vizcaya
342-617: Is a massive mountain range 320 kilometres (200 mi) long north–south and 118 kilometres (73 mi) east-west situated in the north-central part of the island of Luzon , in the Philippines . The mountain range encompasses all provinces of the Cordillera Administrative Region ( Abra , Apayao , Benguet , Ifugao , Kalinga and Mountain Province ), as well as portions of eastern Ilocos Norte , eastern Ilocos Sur , eastern La Union , northeastern Pangasinan , western Nueva Vizcaya , and western Cagayan . To
399-685: Is derived from the name of the province of Biscay (called Vizcaya in Spanish, Bizkaia in Basque) during the Spanish colonial period . This can be seen in the right part of the seal, a representation of the heraldic of Vizcaya in Spain. The areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya used to be part of the vast Provincia de Cagayan . Organized religion in Nueva Vizcaya dates back to the year 1607, when
456-818: Is generally mountainous, varying from steep mountains to rolling hills, with some valleys and plains. It is bordered on the west by the Cordillera mountains , on the east by the Sierra Madre mountains , and on the south by the Caraballo Mountains . The province (and the entire Cagayan Valley) are separated from the Central Luzon plains by the Caraballo Mountains. The province has a total land area of 3,975.67 square kilometres (1,535.01 sq mi). The southernmost province in
513-1020: Is located in the northern and western portion of the Cordillera, followed by the Central Range, and then the Polis Range in the eastern portion. Mount Data contains the headwaters for Suyoc, which flows into the Abra River , the Chico flows into the Cagayan River , the Asin flows into the Magat River , and the Agno River flows into Lingayen Gulf . List of Peaks in Cordillera by elevation . Three volcanoes with no historical eruptions but still thermally active are located within
570-474: Is now the Philippines' tilapia capital ( Saint Peter 's fish). Production supply grew 37.25% since 2003, with 14,000 metric tons (MT) in 2007. The recent aquaculture congress found that the growth of tilapia production was due to government interventions: provision of fast-growing species, accreditation of private hatcheries to ensure supply of quality fingerlings, establishment of demonstration farms, providing free fingerlings to newly constructed fishponds, and
627-519: Is the highest mountain range in the Philippines. It comprises about 1/6 of the whole Luzon island with a total area of 22,500 km (8,700 sq mi). The highest mountain in the range, Mount Pulag , is also the highest mountain in Luzon at 2,928 metres (9,606 ft). It is officially the third highest mountain in the country after Mount Dulang-dulang and Mount Apo on Mindanao Island ,
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#1732773105948684-625: Is the site of the Mount Data Peace Accord of 1986 between the government of the Philippines and the Cordillera People's Liberation Army . Mount Data is formerly known for its great biological diversity and is a place that has long been in the attention of biologists. In 1895, the Englishman John Whitehead gathered a vast collection of mammals and birds from the mountain. This mammal collection
741-503: The Cagayan Valley region, Nueva Vizcaya lies approximately 268 kilometres (167 mi) north of Metro Manila and can be reached by land via the Cagayan Valley Road ( Maharlika Highway ). Nueva Vizcaya comprises 15 municipalities , with Bayombong as the provincial capital and major educational center, Bambang (the agricultural hub) and Solano (the financial district) as the major commercial centers, and Kayapa as
798-538: The Collocalia whiteheadi ( Whitehead's swiftlet ), which was only known then from a specimen that was caught during the expedition of John Whitehead on the mountain. Carpomys melanurus (greater dwarf cloud rat) was first found on Mount Data in 1896. This article about a location in the Cordillera Administrative Region is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cordillera Central (Luzon) The Cordillera Central or Cordillera Range
855-583: The Dominican Order arrived in the province. It was not until 1609, however, that the first settlement of a religious order was established in the southern half of the province. In 1702, a convent was erected in Burubur at the foot of the Caraballo Mountains in Santa Clara, which is now a barangay in the town of Aritao . It was on this site that the first mass in Nueva Vizcaya was celebrated and
912-534: The Ifugao ( Quezon , Bagabag , Kasibu ) , Gaddang ( Solano and Bayombong ) , Isinai ( Dupax del Sur and Bambang ) , Dumagat ( Aritao ) , Kalanguya ( Santa Fe ) , and the Bugkalot ( Alfonso Castañeda and Dupax del Norte ) . Indigenous peoples' groups have filed for ancestral domain titles covering parts of the province. The Ilokano population in the province are not indigenous as they were part of
969-592: The Cordillera Central: List of waterfalls in Cordillera: The mountains support a number of different types of habitat. Elevations above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) are covered in Luzon tropical pine forests of Benguet pine ( Pinus insularis ) except in the north of the range where the high slopes consist of Luzon montane rain forests . Elevations below 1000 meters are in the Luzon rain forests ecoregion. Two major problems threaten
1026-493: The Cordillera region. Tagalogs live along the border of Nueva Ecija & in the capital, Bayombong. Roman Catholics are about 63% of the population of the province. Other faiths are divided among Aglipayan Church , Iglesia ni Cristo which form about 5-6% of the province population, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Jehovah's Witnesses , Baptist , Methodist, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians which forms about 17%-20% of
1083-540: The Igorots had to pay for this independence was that they became different from their colonized brothers. The Philippines staged Asia's first nationalistic revolution in 1896, and declared its independence on June 12, 1898. The newly founded country was soon taken over by the United States of America. The US was the first foreign nation to fully invade the highlands of the Cordillera to push the mining operations in
1140-665: The Japanese by 1945. On September 27, 1927, the Benguet Consolidated Mining Company discovered one of the richest veins of gold ever, at a time when the US was entering the Great Depression . This was the start of a real gold rush into Cordillera region: in 1929, there were 94 mining companies, by 1933 there were 17,812. This extreme growth had tremendous results for the landscape; it changed
1197-697: The Marcos' administration, politicization of the Cordillera took a new turn. National government development projects in the area were against the interests of the indigenous peoples, and were strongly resisted by them. Particularly important were the Chico River Dam project and the Cellophil project. The first threatened to inundate traditional villages, the second gave outsiders control over vast forest lands. Resistance resulted in increased regional consciousness rather than local ethnic consciousness. In 1986
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#17327731059481254-624: The NPA's organizational and infrastructure base. The NPA had moved into the Cordillera to assist in the resistance against the projects. [REDACTED] Media related to Cordillera Central (Luzon) at Wikimedia Commons Nueva Vizcaya Nueva Vizcaya , officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya ( Ilocano : Probinsia ti Nueva Vizcaya ; Gaddang : Provinsia na Nueva Vizcaya ; Pangasinan : Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya ; Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya [ˈnwɛva vɪsˈkaja] ),
1311-564: The Northern Philippine tribes is: Apayao/Isnag, Abra/Tinguian, Kalinga, Gaddang, Applai, Bontoc, Bago, I-lagod, Kankana-ey, Kangkanai, Balangao, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Ikalahan, Kalanguya, Karao and Ilongot. Beside their own tribal cultures, there is a Cordilleran culture which is largely molded by the geography of the Cordilleras, and their common heritage of resisting the invading imperial powers (Spain, United States, and Japan in
1368-434: The Philippines created the politico-military province of Nueva Vizcaya. The order was approved by a Royal Decree on April 10, 1841. The name Nueva Vizcaya was named after Biscay, Spain, the hometown of Lardizabal. The original province covered the areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino , Ifugao , Apayao , Kalinga , and Benguet , Batanes , a large portion of Isabela , as well as north Aurora . After Nueva Vizcaya
1425-715: The Spaniards even reached the land. In 1565, reports of huge gold mines in the Cordillera reached the Viceroy of Mexico , which led to the first official Spanish expedition to the Cordillera in 1576. King Philip III , waging the Thirty Year War which needed funding, sent orders for large expeditions to the Philippines. In 1620, Captain Garcia de Aldana Cabrera offered the resisting Igorot tribal leaders clemency if they were willing to accept Catholic religion, obey
1482-411: The Spanish government and pay a fifth of all their mined gold to the Spanish king. They refused and the Spanish conquerors built forts and organized military troops to start the exploitation of the gold mines. During the years that followed, the Spanish managed to trade gold despite setbacks from the Igorots, who because of their resistance remained relatively independent from Spanish rule. The price that
1539-605: The US declaring the Philippines a protectorate , a form of colonialism with local autonomy. The United States established strategic military bases in the Philippines with the consent of the established government in Manila. During World War II , the Japanese temporarily seized control of the Philippines. A combined effort between the American armed forces and the Philippine commonwealth military managed to successfully drive out
1596-643: The area of modern Aurora north of Baler (composed of Dinalungan , Dipaculao , & Maria Aurora , besides Casiguran & Dilasag) was transferred to the authority of Nueva Vizcaya, but returned to Quezon Province in 1946. The province of Nueva Vizcaya was also included in the 12th district of the Philippine Senate during the American period. The district included Mountain Province (present-day Apayao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and Benguet), Cotabato (undivided), Agusan (undivided), Davao (undivided), Zamboanga (undivided), and Sulu (undivided). The province
1653-599: The area. It is the country's premier mining district. There are eight big mining companies operating which are mostly foreign controlled. Some 80% of the total Philippine gold production comes from the Cordillera. The range is also home to the headwaters of the major rivers in Northern Luzon, with several dams which include the Ambuklao and Binga in Benguet. The Philippines was already of interest to Spain before
1710-559: The coastal regions of Pangasinan and Ilocos. So, it was deliberated in the Spanish Congress the need for in migration of labor. After it was voted by a majority and approved by the king, Ilocanos started to migrate and were given homestead. Thus, the start of the migration of Ilocanos in the province. Every last week of May, these ethnolinguistic groups gather to celebrate the Ammungan festival (formerly Panagyaman festival),
1767-559: The demand of neighboring provinces and Metro Manila. There is a mining industry in the province such as the Didipio mine in the municipality of Kasibu, which added to the provincial income. However, mining activities have also been alleged to have dried up water sources, polluted the environment, and endangered livelihoods of farmers and fisherfolk. According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau , deposits of metallic minerals discovered in
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1824-699: The dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos was overthrown by the People Power Revolution of the Philippines and he was succeeded by Corazon Aquino. However, the Aquino administration failed to tackle substantial issues such as land reform and the restructuring of the economy. After the collapse of the negotiations between the government and the National Democratic Front (NDF), Aquino declared the "Total War Policy", aimed at recovering New People's Army (NPA) controlled areas and to destroy
1881-528: The dissemination of tilapia to Nueva Vizcaya (in Diadi town). Nueva Vizcaya has one congressional district , although there has been a longtime proposal to divide the province into two congressional districts. Every May, the province holds the Ammungan Festival , a five-day festival in celebration for its founding anniversary. The word "Ammungan" is a Gaddang word meaning "gathering" symbolizing
1938-798: The environment of the Cordillera: dam projects flood river valleys and remove habitat and also cause people to flee their houses and seek refuge in other areas; mining project destroy forest areas and also don't create wealth and resources for the upkeep of the tribal lands. Most of the Cordillera Central is the ancestral domain of the 'people of the mountains.' These ethno-linguistic groups include: Abra (Itneg), Apayao (Apayao), Benguet (Kankanaey and Ibaloi), Ifugao (Ifugao), Kalinga (Kalinga) and Mountain Province (Bontoc and Kankanaey). Each of these major ethno-linguistic groups has its own family of languages and cultures. An alternative listing for
1995-416: The first baptism of a Christian convert was held. Spanish conquest of Nueva Vizcaya was slow and arduous. Expeditions had to be sent again and again because the natives refused to accept Spanish sovereignty. In some of these expeditions, services of some Filipino chieftains were utilized. The most famous of these expeditions was that commanded by Mariano Oscariz, in 1847–1848, which carried him clear through
2052-478: The integration of the 'cultural minorities' into mainstream culture. In 1966 the Philippine Congress passed the 'Separation Bill', dividing the old Mountain Province into four: Benguet, Mountain Province (Bontoc), Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao. The political elite hoped that the creation of several provinces would, by increasing the region's representation, increase development spending in the area. Under
2109-400: The labor force initially needed by the Spanish administration to work on the tobacco plantations beginning in the 1700s, and later immigrants with skills construct churches and other structures needed for development. Indigenous tribes were not cooperative with the Spaniards. After several insurrections by the locals, Spanish officials chose to import trained labor from established settlements in
2166-469: The later part of the Spanish regime, people from Ilocos region migrated to the province through the recommendation of Spanish officials in the province. It was deliberated in the Spanish court in Spain and with a majority vote and approval of the king of Spain, Ilocanos were allowed to migrate to the province. Thus, the importation of the Ilokano language and culture started, becoming the lingua franca of
2223-789: The north, the mountain range terminates at the northern shores of Luzon along the Babuyan Channel in Ilocos Norte and Cagayan provinces. At its southeastern part, the Central Cordillera is linked to the Sierra Madre Mountains , the longest mountain range in the country, through the Caraballo Mountains in Nueva Vizcaya province. During Spanish colonial period , the whole range was called Nueva Provincia (New Province). The Cordillera Central
2280-454: The original one way Mountain Trail into a busy highway despite the road slides and cuts that occur up to this day. Again, similar to the fight against the Spanish, the indigenous inhabitants protested against the destruction of their land and the neglecting of their rights. Mining operations continued to grow and by 1939 the Philippines ranked among the world's leading gold producers, and second to
2337-547: The park was expanded to 5,513 hectares (13,620 acres). The slopes of the mountain are covered with pine forests and mossy oak forests. The national park hosts five major rivers: the Chico , Ahin, Siffu, Abra , and Amburayan rivers. The Agno River also originates from Mount Data and flows through Benguet. The reserve is also a watershed, which serves towns in Mountain Province, Buenget, and Ifugao . The mountain
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2394-446: The past – and after 1946 the central government in Manila is also regarded as such), including the continuing adverse encroachments by lowlanders. The Cordillera Central is one of the country's richest regions in terms of natural resources, a major resource base of the Philippines. It contains 11% of the total area is agricultural rice fields, orchards, pig farms and pasture lands. 60% of the country's temperate vegetables are produced in
2451-410: The province across to Palanan on the eastern coast of Luzon. In 1818, Nueva Ecija annexed the towns of Palanan from Isabela , as well as Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Baler, Casiguran, Infanta (formerly called Binangonan de Lampon) and Polillo Islands from Tayabas, and part of Rizal. In 1839, upon the advice of the alcalde mayor of Cagayan, Luis Lardizabal , then- Governor General of
2508-476: The province are copper , gold , molybdenum and pyrite . Non-metallic deposits include red clay, white clay and limestone, with sand and gravel being the most abundant deposits in the province. On January 11, 2008, the Cagayan Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) stated that tilapia ( species of cichlid fishes from the tilapiine cichlid tribe ) production grew and Cagayan Valley
2565-654: The province of Isabela in May 1856. In 1908, the northwestern territory of Nueva Vizcaya was annexed to the newly organized sub-province of Ifugao . The survey executed by the Bureau of Lands in 1914 further caused the diminution of its area and reduced again upon the enactment of the Administrative Code of 1917. North areas of present-day Aurora (composed of present towns of Dilasag & part of Casiguran ) were annexed to Tayabas (now Quezon) in 1905. In 1918,
2622-655: The province's population as well as Muslims and indigenous Cordilleran religions. Nueva Vizcaya province possesses one of the most diverse array of indigenous languages in Luzon , a testimony to its cultural and geographic linkages with the Cordillera mountain range. The indigenous languages of the province listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino are the Bugkalut language , Ibaloy language , Ifugaw language , Iguwak language , Irungdungan language , Isinay language , Kalanguya language , and Kankanaey language . During
2679-467: The province. Ilokano accents were affected by the native languages of the peoples whom Ilokanos intermingled with. Remarkably, the economy of the province started to grow because of the industry of the Ilocanos as well as through their innate talent in entrepreneurship and in other industries including agriculture. As Nueva Vizcaya was part of Provincia de Cagayan which is the predecessor of Cagayan Valley,
2736-652: The second largest island of the Philippines. The mountain range separates the Ilocos plains on the west and the Cagayan Valley on the east. It also affects the weather pattern in the island of Luzon in such it acts as a barrier against the Northeast and Southwest monsoons as well as cyclones crossing the island. This is the biggest and highest mountain chain in the Philippines, measuring 320 km (200 mi) long north to south, and 118 km (73 mi) width east to west, and consists of three ranges. The Malayan Range
2793-775: The state of California among US producers. From 1936 to 1946, the Philippines was granted domestic self-administration under the Commonwealth of the Philippines as a transitional period for complete independence. From 1941 to 1945, the country fell under Japanese rule and was liberated by military forces of the United States of America, and dare inside by the combined forces of the Allied Philippine Commonwealth military forces and local Igorot and Cordilleran guerrilla forces in Northern Luzon. The US subsequently recognized Philippine independence on July 4, 1946. The independent republic's policy shifted towards
2850-511: The summer capital and "vegetable bowl" of the province. All municipalities are encompassed by a lone legislative district , but are separated into two districts for purposes of representation in its provincial board. The 1st District comprises the municipalities of Ambaguio, Bagabag, Bayombong, Diadi, Quezon, Solano and Villaverde, while the 2nd District is composed of the municipalities of Alfonso Castañeda, Aritao, Bambang, Dupax del Norte, Dupax del Sur, Kayapa, Kasibu and Santa Fe. Geographically,
2907-413: The territory. Spain relinquished control of the Philippines to the United States of America due to the Treaty of Paris of 1898 , which officially ended the hostilities of the Spanish–American War . After a short period of peace in the region after the treaty was finalized the Philippine–American War began until 1902, though pockets of fighting did not end until 1913. The result of these conflicts led to
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#17327731059482964-406: The western half of Nueva Vizcaya is part of the main Cordilleras, while its eastern half is part of the Caraballos, the meeting point of the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre. There have been grassroot moves to reunify Nueva Vizcaya with the Cordillera Region due to cultural and geographical harmony, however, none have been introduced in Congress. The 15 municipalities of the province comprise
3021-488: Was created, it included the present area occupied by the province plus present-day Mountain Province , much of Isabela, Quirino, & north Aurora. Civil government was established in the province by the Philippine Commission in 1902 during the American Colonial Period of the Philippines . The territories of Nueva Vizcaya were greatly reduced when Nueva Vizcaya ceded a big portion of its north-eastern territory, including Camarag, its first capital, now Echague , to form
3078-419: Was included in the district because of its ethnic compatibility with Mountain Province and other indigenous domains in the Cordilleras and Mindanao. During the Pacific War of the Second World War , the Japanese captured Nueva Vizcaya and established a "comfort station" in the province, where Filipino " comfort women " were enslaved, routinely gang-raped, and murdered under Japanese control. The Dalton Pass
3135-434: Was pushed to be included in the Cordillera Autonomous Region because the province is technically within the Cordillera, however, it did not came to be due to the failure to enact an autonomous Cordillera by the national government. Today, questions linger on the exclusion of Nueva Vizcaya despite the province being culturally and geographically linked to the Cordilleras. The province also has the largest Igorot population outside
3192-434: Was the scene of a major battle between the Empire of Japan , the Commonwealth of the Philippines and American forces, with the Allies winning on May 31, 1945. In 1971, with the passage of Republic Act No. 6394 , Quirino , which was then a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya, was separated from its mother province and made into a regular province . Surrounded by North Luzon's three large mountain ranges, Nueva Vizcaya
3249-497: Was then donated to the British Museum . A research by zoologist Oldfield Thomas showed that many unknown species inhabit the area. Half a century later, a large collection of small mammals was collected by an expedition led by the Filipino biologist Dioscoro S. Rabor . Some of these mammals are Carpomys melanurus ( short-footed Luzon tree rat ) and Carpomys phaeurus ( white-bellied Luzon tree rat ). In addition to several rare species of mammals, there are also some bird species like
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