Cochranton is a borough in Crawford County , Pennsylvania , United States. The population was 1,124 at the 2020 census, down from 1,136 as of the 2010 census .
171-997: U.S. Route 322 ( US 322 ) is a spur of US 22 , running from Cleveland, Ohio , east to Atlantic City, New Jersey . In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania , the route runs from the Ohio state line in West Shenango Township southeast to the Commodore Barry Bridge over the Delaware River in Chester , at which point the route crosses into New Jersey , meeting the New Jersey Turnpike at exit 2. The route passes near or through several cities, including Meadville , DuBois , State College , and Harrisburg . US 322 in Pennsylvania
342-487: A Nittany and Bald Eagle Railroad line before curving northeast. The freeway heads across Bald Eagle Mountain before it turns east and then southeast into the Nittany Valley , passing over PA 550 before reaching a partial cloverleaf interchange with Grays Woods Boulevard that provides access to the communities of Grays Woods and Waddle . I-99/US 220/US 322 come to an eastbound exit and westbound entrance with
513-581: A Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad line. The road becomes French Creek Parkway before US 322 splits from US 6 and US 19 by turning to the east onto two-lane undivided Linden Street. The route runs through developed areas and turns south onto South Main Street before leaving Meadville. The road becomes Cochranton Road and runs through rural areas to the east of French Creek and the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad line. US 322 curves to
684-480: A diamond interchange with Waddle Road that serves the communities of Toftrees and Woodycrest . I-99/US 220/US 322 continues east before reaching the Mount Nittany Interchange, a directional T interchange where I-99/US 220 splits from US 322 by heading to the northeast. Also at the Mount Nittany Interchange, US 322 has a partial cloverleaf interchange with Park Avenue that provides access to
855-564: A jughandle -controlled intersection at Stetson Middle School Drive/Skiles Boulevard before it crosses PA 926 in the community of Darlington Corners . US 202/US 322 crosses into Delaware County and continues southeast along Wilmington-West Chester Pike, coming to an intersection with Oakland Road that has an eastbound jughandle. The road comes to the community of Painters Crossing and reaches an intersection with US 1 , where US 322 splits from US 202 by heading east along with US 1 on four-lane divided Baltimore Pike . The road continues east to
1026-433: A partial cloverleaf interchange with I-80 . US 322 crosses into Jefferson County and enters the borough of Corsica , where it becomes Main Street, forming a concurrency with PA 949 before that route splits to the south. Upon leaving Corsica, the route turns into an unnamed road and runs a short distance to the south of I-80, passing through the community of Roseville and curving to the east-southeast. Farther east,
1197-451: A stack interchange with I-81 . At this point, US 322 splits from US 22 by heading east concurrent with I-81 while US 22 continues south toward Downtown Harrisburg . The section of US 322 between State College and Harrisburg serves as a major access road to Pennsylvania State University from points to the southeast and experiences traffic congestion on Penn State Nittany Lions football home game days. US 322 heads east along with I-81 on
1368-410: A R.J. Corman Railroad line at-grade. US 322 curves southeast and passes through the southwest corner of the borough of Wallaceton before it runs parallel to the railroad tracks. Farther southeast, the route gains a center left-turn lane as it enters business areas along North Front Street, crossing the R.J. Corman Railroad tracks and coming to an intersection with PA 53 , where PA 53 turns southeast for
1539-476: A business area to the west of the city of Meadville and comes to a roundabout with US 19 and the southern terminus of PA 98 , at which point US 19 becomes concurrent with US 6 and US 322. The roadway becomes a four-lane divided highway and comes to a cloverleaf interchange with I-79 . Past this interchange, the three routes reach an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 102 before curving north and entering Meadville upon crossing French Creek and
1710-642: A concurrency to Harrisburg. At the time of their marking, both highways swung north from Mill Creek, following PA 655 to Reedsville , then south to Lewistown, where they resumed the modern alignment. From West Chester, the highway followed PA 3 to Philadelphia. This highway was numbered as PA 5 in the earliest numbering system in the state. US 322, in its original inception, followed PA 5 from Water Street to Meadville, where it continued west on its modern alignment. Both US 22 and US 322 followed their modern alignments east of Lewistown. In 1928, concurrencies with this highway and its PA 5 moniker were deleted in favor of
1881-489: A concurrency with US 322 along a two-lane road. Upon crossing Moshannon Creek , US 322/PA 53 enters Centre County and heads east past developed areas along North Centre Street, which carries two eastbound lanes and one westbound lane. Upon reaching the northern border of the borough of Philipsburg , US 322 splits from PA 53 by turning northeast onto Railroad Street, a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane. The route narrows to two lanes and enters Philipsburg, curving to
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#17327934804042052-499: A concurrency. A short distance later, the road has an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 934 . The two routes continue east, with PA 241 splitting from US 322 by turning to the north. US 322 has a junction with the southern terminus of PA 419 west of the community of Quentin , where it curves to the southeast. The route turns into a freeway as it reaches a westbound exit and eastbound entrance with PA 72 , where PA 72 becomes concurrent with US 322. The four-lane freeway enters
2223-484: A curve to the southeast, passing west of the Laurel Creek Reservoir. US 322 turns northeast and leaves the state forest, curving east and becoming a freeway. The route turns south through forests and enters the agricultural Kishacoquillas Valley , where it comes to a trumpet interchange connecting to Old US Hwy 322 that provides access to the community of Milroy . The freeway continues south and reaches
2394-518: A curve to the southwest. US 322 crosses into Mifflin County and becomes an unnamed road, coming to an eastbound truck brake check station. At this point, the route begins to descend the Seven Mountains, passing between Rothrock State Forest to the west and Bald Eagle State Forest to the east. The road turns south and then southwest before it reaches an eastbound runaway truck ramp and makes
2565-521: A diamond interchange with PA 34 northeast of the borough of Newport . Past this interchange, the two routes begin to parallel the Juniata River again, turning southeast and then east. US 22/US 322 reaches a westbound exit and eastbound entrance with Meadow Grove Road that provides access to the community of Midway and curves southeast alongside the river. The freeway continues south-southeast and reaches an interchange with Huggins Road that serves
2736-448: A diamond interchange with PA 35 east of the borough of Mifflintown . US 22/US 322 comes to a partial cloverleaf interchange with the northern terminus of PA 75 northeast of the borough of Port Royal . The freeway continues southeast, turning to the east-northeast. Farther east, the two routes come to a partial cloverleaf interchange with PA 333 on the northern border of the borough of Thompsontown . Past Thompsontown, US 22/US 322 has
2907-604: A diamond interchange with PA 655 that serves the community of Reedsville . Past this interchange, US 322 runs southeast and crosses the Kishacoquillas Creek , heading through a gap in Jacks Mountain along with the creek. The route curves south and comes to an interchange with Ferguson Valley Road that provides access to the community of Yeagertown and the borough of Burnham . The freeway runs through rural areas before passing near development and reaching
3078-534: A diamond interchange with Old Route 322 that provides access to the southern terminus of PA 144 in the community of Potters Mills , at which point the concurrent PA 144 Truck ends. From here, the route heads south into the Rothrock State Forest and traverses the Seven Mountains, which includes Tussey Mountain and Stone Mountain . The road comes to an interchange with Sand Mountain Road before it makes
3249-572: A directional T interchange with the US 22 / US 522 freeway. At this point, US 22/US 522 become concurrent with US 322 and the freeway has an interchange with Electric Avenue. From here, the freeway enters the borough of Lewistown and runs to the west of the Kishacoquillas Creek. US 522 splits from US 22/US 322 at an interchange by heading northeast on East Walnut Street. At the US 522 interchange,
3420-570: A divided highway as it reaches a partial cloverleaf interchange with PA 879 . Past this interchange, US 322 becomes undivided again and runs through developed areas, crossing a R.J. Corman Railroad line at-grade and Clearfield Creek . The route gains a center left-turn lane and the name changes to Clearfield Woodland Highway, passing south of the Clearfield Campus of Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania . The road narrows to two lanes and it runs through rural areas, turning south and gaining
3591-827: A downtown Heinen's supermarket. Cleveland's historic ecclesiastical architecture includes the Presbyterian Old Stone Church in downtown Cleveland, the onion domed St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Tremont , and the Catholic Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist along with myriad other ethnically inspired Roman Catholic churches. The Cleveland City Planning Commission has officially designated 34 neighborhoods in Cleveland. Centered on Public Square, Downtown Cleveland
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#17327934804043762-592: A five-lane freeway with three eastbound lanes and two westbound lanes that is maintained by the Delaware River Port Authority . The freeway comes to a westbound exit and eastbound entrance with US 13 Bus. before it passes over Amtrak's Northeast Corridor railroad line and reaches an eastbound exit and westbound entrance with US 13 / PA 291 . At this point, US 322 heads onto the Commodore Barry Bridge , passing over Conrail Shared Assets Operations ' Chester Industrial Track line and running to
3933-714: A foreign-born population of 30%. At this time, Cleveland saw the rise of radical labor movements, most prominently the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), in response to the conditions of the largely immigrant and migrant workers. In 1919, the city attracted national attention amid the First Red Scare for the Cleveland May Day Riots , in which local socialist and IWW demonstrators clashed with anti-socialists. The riots occurred during
4104-628: A four-lane divided highway and reaches an interchange with PA 452 . Farther east, US 322 passes over CSX 's Philadelphia Subdivision railroad line and comes to an interchange with Bethel Road. The route passes north of CSX's Twin Oaks Rail Yard, an automotive unloading facility, before it comes to an interchange with I-95 and Highland Avenue. At this interchange, US 322 merges onto northbound I-95; this interchange consists of full access between US 322 and Highland Avenue and partial access between US 322 and I-95. At this point, US 322 joins I-95 on
4275-578: A gradual economic recovery under Mayor George V. Voinovich in the 1980s. Downtown saw the construction of the Key Tower and 200 Public Square skyscrapers, as well as the development of the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex – consisting of Progressive Field and Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse – and North Coast Harbor, including the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , Cleveland Browns Stadium , and
4446-490: A groundbreaking ceremony. Construction on the first phase of the widening between US 1 and Clayton Park Drive started in 2017 and was completed in December 2020. Plans to widen US 322 between Clayton Park Drive and east of Chelsea Parkway/Bethel Avenue are in the final design phase, with construction to begin in 2025. Plans to reconstruct the four-lane section of US 322 from Cherry Tree Road/Bethel Avenue to east of PA 452 are in
4617-613: A high school diploma or equivalent. The median age was 36.6 years. As of 2020 , the racial and ethnic composition of the city was 47.5% African American, 32.1% non-Hispanic white , 13.1% Hispanic or Latino , 2.8% Asian , 0% Pacific Islander , 0.2% Native American, and 3.8% from two or more races . 85.3% of Clevelanders age five and older spoke only English at home, while 14.7% spoke a language other than English, including Spanish , Arabic , Chinese , Hungarian , Albanian , and various Slavic languages ( Russian , Polish , Serbian , Croatian , and Slovene ). The city's spoken accent
4788-804: A homogeneous settlement of New England Protestants , it evolved into a city with a diverse religious composition. The predominant faith among Clevelanders today is Christianity ( Catholic , Protestant, and Eastern and Oriental Orthodox ), with Jewish, Muslim , Hindu , and Buddhist minorities. Within Cleveland, the neighborhoods with the highest foreign-born populations are Asiatown/Goodrich–Kirtland Park (32.7%), Clark–Fulton (26.7%), West Boulevard (18.5%), Brooklyn Centre (17.3%), Downtown (17.2%), University Circle (15.9%, with 20% in Little Italy), and Jefferson (14.3%). Recent waves of immigration have brought new groups to Cleveland, including Ethiopians and South Asians , as well as immigrants from Russia and
4959-635: A naturalization ceremony of new immigrants. Cleveland's location on the Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie has been key to its growth as a major commercial center. Steel and many other manufactured goods emerged as leading industries. The city has since diversified its economy in addition to its manufacturing sector. Established in 1914, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland is one of 12 U.S. Federal Reserve Banks . Its downtown building, located on East 6th Street and Superior Avenue ,
5130-530: A partial cloverleaf interchange with Derry Street. The road passes under Norfolk Southern's Harrisburg Line and reaches the Eisenhower Interchange with connections to I-83, the northern terminus of I-283 , and Paxton Street, where US 322 splits from Eisenhower Boulevard to head east along a four-lane freeway. The freeway heads near suburban areas with some industrial development and comes to an interchange with Penhar Drive. Past this interchange,
5301-447: A partial cloverleaf interchange with the western terminus of the eastern segment of US 422 and the eastern terminus of PA 39. At this point, the freeway continues as US 422, which soon becomes an at-grade divided highway, while US 322 exits to continue east along West Governor Road, a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane. The road heads into the southern part of the community of Hershey and runs through developed areas, passing to
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5472-639: A population of 372,624 in 2020. The city anchors the Cleveland metropolitan area , the 33rd-largest in the U.S. at 2.18 million residents, as well as the larger Cleveland– Akron – Canton combined statistical area with 3.63 million residents. Cleveland was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River as part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in modern-day Northeast Ohio by General Moses Cleaveland , after whom
5643-573: A residential street. In the late 1880s, writer Bayard Taylor described it as "the most beautiful street in the world". Known as Cleveland's "Crystal Palace", the five-story Cleveland Arcade (sometimes called the Old Arcade) was built in 1890 and renovated in 2001 as a Hyatt Regency Hotel. Another major architectural landmark, the Cleveland Trust Company Building , was completed in 1907 and renovated in 2015 as
5814-479: A second eastbound lane before a turn to the east. US 322 narrows back to two lanes and passes through the community of Mineral Springs before it comes to an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 970 , where the name changes to Woodland Bigler Highway. The route curves to the southeast before gaining a center left-turn lane and turning to the south, intersecting Bigler Cutoff Road. The road becomes Philipsburg Bigler Highway and narrows back to two lanes, crossing
5985-588: A six-lane freeway that is part of the Capital Beltway that circles Harrisburg. The freeway leaves the city limits of Harrisburg and runs through suburban areas. I-81/US 322 comes to a partial cloverleaf interchange with Progress Avenue before reaching a directional T interchange with the northern terminus of I-83 . At this point, US 322 and the Capital Beltway split from I-81 by heading south along I-83. The four-lane freeway runs south-southeast to
6156-802: A total of 13 times beginning in 1868. It was the river fire of June 1969 that spurred the city to action under Mayor Carl B. Stokes, and played a key role in the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 and the National Environmental Policy Act later that year. Since that time, the Cuyahoga has been extensively cleaned up through the efforts of the city and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA). In addition to continued efforts to improve freshwater and air quality, Cleveland
6327-482: A westbound exit and eastbound entrance with Pfoutz Valley Road. After this interchange, the freeway runs closely parallel to the north bank of the Juniata River as it passes through a water gap in Tuscarora Mountain . US 22/US 322 crosses into Perry County , where the freeway and the parallel Juniata River turn southeast out of the water gap. The freeway enters the borough of Millerstown and runs between
6498-551: A westbound exit and eastbound entrance with the eastern terminus of US 22 Bus. , at which point the freeway begins to parallel the Juniata River located south of the road. US 22/US 322 curves to the northeast and runs between Shade Mountain to the north and the river to the south as it heads through the Lewistown Narrows water gap . This section of road includes the longest mechanically stabilized earth wall in
6669-403: A westbound exit and eastbound entrance with the eastern terminus of US 322 Bus. From here, US 322 continues east along Boal Avenue, a two-lane undivided road with at-grade intersections. The road runs through agricultural areas with some development to the north of Tussey Mountain . Farther east, the route becomes General Potter Highway. US 322 widens into a four-lane divided highway as it comes to
6840-460: Is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level ; however, the city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly parallel to the lake. In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River , Big Creek, and Euclid Creek . The land rises quickly from the lake shore elevation of 569 feet. Public Square, less than one mile (1.6 km) inland, sits at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m), and Hopkins Airport, 5 miles (8 km) inland from
7011-626: Is a port city , connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence Seaway . Its economy relies on diverse sectors that include higher education, manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedicals. The city serves as the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland , as well as several major companies. The GDP for the Greater Cleveland MSA was US$ 138.3 billion in 2022. Combined with
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7182-522: Is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County . Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie , it is situated across the Canada–United States maritime border and lies approximately 60 mi (97 km) west of Pennsylvania . Cleveland is the most populous city on Lake Erie, the second-most populous city in Ohio, and the 54th-most populous city in the U.S. with
7353-983: Is an advanced form of Inland Northern American English , similar to other Great Lakes cities, but distinctive from the rest of Ohio. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Cleveland saw a massive influx of immigrants from Ireland, Italy , and the Austro-Hungarian , German , Russian , and Ottoman empires, most of whom were attracted by manufacturing jobs. As a result, Cleveland and Cuyahoga County today have substantial communities of Irish (especially in West Park), Italians (especially in Little Italy), Germans , and several Central -Eastern European ethnicities, including Czechs , Hungarians , Lithuanians , Poles , Romanians , Russians , Rusyns , Slovaks , Ukrainians , and ex- Yugoslav groups, such as Slovenes , Croats and Serbs . The presence of Hungarians within Cleveland proper was, at one time, so great that
7524-545: Is bordered by East Fairfield Township to the north, Wayne Township to the east, and Fairfield Township to the southwest. According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km ), all land. French Creek , a southeastward-flowing tributary of the Allegheny River , forms the southwestern border of the borough. Little Sugar Creek enters
7695-472: Is named the 28th Division Highway in honor of the 28th Infantry Division . In Pennsylvania, US 322 is signed as 28th Division Highway, in honor of the 28th Infantry Division . US 322 enters Pennsylvania from Ohio in Crawford County , heading southeast on two-lane undivided Williamsfield Road. The road runs through rural areas on the southwest border of Pymatuning State Park , which is home to
7866-493: Is now exploring renewable energy. The city's two main electrical utilities are FirstEnergy and Cleveland Public Power . Its climate action plan , updated in December 2018, has a 2050 target of 100% renewable power , along with reduction of greenhouse gases to 80% below the 2010 level. In recent decades, Cleveland has been working to address the issue of harmful algal blooms on Lake Erie, fed primarily by agricultural runoff, which have presented new environmental challenges for
8037-865: Is the city's central business district, encompassing a wide range of subdistricts, such as the Nine-Twelve District , the Campus District , the Civic Center , East 4th Street , and Playhouse Square . It also historically included the lively Short Vincent entertainment district. Mixed-use areas, such as the Warehouse District and the Superior Arts District , are occupied by industrial and office buildings as well as restaurants, cafes, and bars. The number of condominiums , lofts , and apartments has been on
8208-424: Is the warmest month with a mean temperature of 74.5 °F (23.6 °C), and January, with a mean temperature of 29.1 °F (−1.6 °C), is the coldest. Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1991 to 2020 is 41.03 inches (1,042 mm). The least precipitation occurs on the western side and directly along the lake, and the most occurs in the eastern suburbs. Parts of Geauga County to
8379-764: The Akron MSA , the eight-county Cleveland–Akron metropolitan economy was $ 176 billion in 2022, the largest in Ohio. Designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , Cleveland is home to several major cultural institutions, including the Cleveland Museum of Art , the Cleveland Museum of Natural History , the Cleveland Orchestra , the Cleveland Public Library , Playhouse Square , and
8550-465: The Allegheny River , leaving Franklin. From here, the route becomes an unnamed road and curves south parallel to the river, running through rural areas. The road turns to the east and passes through the community of Venango before the Allegheny River curves south away from the road, with the road gaining a second eastbound lane as it climbs a hill. US 322 narrows to two lanes prior to reaching
8721-452: The Cfa humid subtropical climate . Summers are hot and humid, while winters are cold and snowy. East of the mouth of the Cuyahoga, the land elevation rises rapidly in the south. Together with the prevailing winds off Lake Erie, this feature is the principal contributor to the lake-effect snow that is typical in Cleveland (especially on the city's East Side) from mid-November until the surface of
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#17327934804048892-569: The Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. Jones Day , one of the largest law firms in the U.S., was founded in Cleveland in 1893. Healthcare plays a major role in Cleveland's economy. The city's "Big Three" hospital systems are the Cleveland Clinic , University Hospitals , and MetroHealth . The Cleveland Clinic is the largest private employer in the state of Ohio, with a workforce of over 55,000 as of 2022 . It carries
9063-680: The Great Lakes Science Center . Although the city emerged from default in 1987, it later suffered from the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis and the Great Recession . Nevertheless, by the turn of the 21st century, Cleveland succeeded in developing a more diversified economy and gained a national reputation as a center for healthcare and the arts. The city's downtown and several neighborhoods have experienced significant population growth since 2010, while overall population decline has slowed. Challenges remain for
9234-636: The Pymatuning Reservoir . Past the state park, the route crosses into Mercer County and heads into the borough of Jamestown , becoming Gibson Street and coming to an intersection with PA 58 . At this point, the two routes head east for a concurrency along Liberty Street, crossing the Shenango River . US 322 splits from PA 58 by turning north onto Depot Street. The route leaves Jamestown and crosses back into Crawford County, becoming an unnamed road. The road curves northeast and comes to
9405-712: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , as well as Case Western Reserve University . Known as " The Forest City " among many other nicknames , Cleveland serves as the center of the Cleveland Metroparks nature reserve system. The city's major league professional sports teams include the Cleveland Browns ( football ; NFL ), the Cleveland Cavaliers (basketball; NBA ), and the Cleveland Guardians (baseball; MLB ). Cleveland
9576-559: The US 222 freeway. Following the US 222 interchange, the road becomes two-lane undivided Division Highway continues southeastward through the Pennsylvania Dutch Country of eastern Lancaster County, which is home to many Amish farms. The route crosses the Conestoga River and passes through the community of Hinkletown . Farther southeast, US 322 runs through the community of Reidenbach before it reaches
9747-697: The Union during the American Civil War . Decades later, in July 1894, the wartime contributions of those serving the Union from Cleveland and Cuyahoga County would be honored with the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument on Public Square. The Civil War vaulted Cleveland into the first rank of American manufacturing cities and fueled unprecedented growth. Its prime geographic location as a transportation hub on
9918-698: The University Park campus of Pennsylvania State University , including Beaver Stadium and the Bryce Jordan Center , and the Innovation Park business and research park. From here, US 322 continues southeast on the Mount Nittany Expressway, coming to a diamond interchange with PA 26 that serves State College. At this point, US 322 becomes concurrent with PA 144 Truck . The freeway winds south before heading to
10089-497: The West Chester Railroad before coming to an at-grade intersection with South Matlack Street. Following this, the bypass continues to its terminus at a trumpet interchange with the eastern terminus of US 322 Bus., which heads north (west) into West Chester on South High Street. At this point, US 202/US 322 exit and head southeast along four-lane divided Wilmington Pike, passing through suburban areas. The road comes to
10260-487: The former USSR , Southeast Europe (especially Albania ), the Middle East, East Asia, and Latin America. In the 2010s, the immigrant population of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County began to see significant growth, becoming a major center for immigration in the Great Lakes region. A 2019 study found Cleveland to be the city with the shortest average processing time in the nation for immigrants to become U.S. citizens . The city's annual One World Day in Rockefeller Park includes
10431-421: The 1832 completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal . This key link between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes connected Cleveland to the Atlantic Ocean via the Erie Canal and Hudson River, and later via the Saint Lawrence Seaway . The town's growth continued with added railroad links . In 1836, Cleveland, then only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga, was officially incorporated as a city, and John W. Willey
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#173279348040410602-405: The 1960s, Cleveland's economy began to slow down, and residents increasingly sought new housing in the suburbs, reflecting the national trends of suburban growth following federally subsidized highways. Industrial restructuring , particularly in the steel and automotive industries, resulted in the loss of numerous jobs in Cleveland and the region, and the city suffered economically. The burning of
10773-414: The Cleveland Transit System, the predecessor to the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority . After the war, Cleveland initially experienced an economic boom , and businesses declared the city to be the "best location in the nation". In 1949, the city was named an All-America City for the first time, and in 1950, its population reached 914,808. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series ,
10944-487: The Cuyahoga River in June 1969 brought national attention to the issue of industrial pollution in Cleveland and served as a catalyst for the American environmental movement . Housing discrimination and redlining against African Americans led to racial unrest in Cleveland and numerous other Northern U.S. cities. In Cleveland, the Hough riots erupted from July 18 to 24, 1966, and the Glenville Shootout took place on July 23, 1968. In November 1967, Cleveland became
11115-410: The Delaware Expressway, a seven-lane freeway with four northbound lanes and three southbound lanes and enters the city of Chester , passing through urban areas. The freeway leaves the city limits and US 322 splits from I-95 to head southeast on a freeway at a directional T interchange; this interchange includes a ramp from westbound US 322 to Concord Road. The route crosses back into Chester as it follows
11286-411: The East and West Sides, while Broadway–Slavic Village is sometimes referred to as the South Side. Several neighborhoods have begun to attract the return of the middle class that left the city for the suburbs in the 1960s and 1970s. These neighborhoods are on both the West Side (Ohio City, Tremont, Detroit–Shoreway, and Edgewater) and the East Side (Collinwood, Hough, Fairfax, and Little Italy). Much of
11457-434: The Great Lakes played an important role in its development as an industrial and commercial center. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, and in 1885, he moved its headquarters to New York City, which had become a center of finance and business. Cleveland's economic growth and industrial jobs attracted large waves of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe as well as Ireland . Urban growth
11628-534: The South. Between 1910 and 1970, the black population of Cleveland, largely concentrated on the city's East Side, increased significantly as a result of the First and Second Great Migrations . Cleveland's Latino community consists primarily of Puerto Ricans , as well as smaller numbers of immigrants from Mexico, Cuba , the Dominican Republic , South and Central America, and Spain. The city's Asian community, centered on historical Asiatown, consists of Chinese , Koreans , Vietnamese , and other groups. Additionally,
11799-429: The Susquehanna River to the northwest and Norfolk Southern 's Buffalo Line to the southeast. The freeway curves southeast along with the parallel river and railroad tracks as it passes west of Peters Mountain . The two routes pass over the Norfolk Southern line and come to a diamond interchange with PA 325 in the community of Speeceville . Past this interchange, US 22/US 322 heads east-southeast through rural areas to
11970-453: The U.S. US 22/US 322 enters Juniata County and continues through the water gap, coming to an eastbound access point to a fishing and boating area along the Juniata River. Farther east, the freeway curves to the southeast and exits the Lewistown Narrows, heading further from the river and coming to a diamond interchange with Arch Rock Road. The two routes head northeast and then southeast, crossing Lost Creek before turning south and reaching
12141-503: The U.S. during the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812 . Locals adopted Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry as a civic hero and erected a monument in his honor decades later. Largely through the efforts of the settlement's first lawyer Alfred Kelley , the village of Cleveland was incorporated on December 23, 1814. In spite of the nearby swampy lowlands and harsh winters, the town's waterfront location proved to be an advantage, giving it access to Great Lakes trade. It grew rapidly after
12312-516: The borough center as Adams Street, leading northeast 8 miles (13 km) to Mount Hope and south 10 miles (16 km) to New Lebanon . Pennsylvania Route 285 departs PA 173 just west of the borough limits, leading west 8 miles (13 km) to Interstate 79 near Custards . Cochranton was created by order of the Crawford County Court of Quarter Sessions on April 5, 1855. Early settler Charles Cochran, along with other residents of
12483-471: The borough from the east, passes north of the center of town, and joins French Creek just north of the Adams Street bridge. U.S. Route 322 passes through the northern part of the borough, bypassing the downtown. US 322 leads 10 miles (16 km) northwest to Meadville , the county seat , and southeast 16 miles (26 km) to Franklin on the Allegheny River. Pennsylvania Route 173 passes through
12654-613: The borough of Cornwall and comes to an interchange with the southern terminus of PA 117, passing over the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail at this interchange. The freeway runs through rural areas, with PA 72 splitting at an interchange to head south. US 322 heads east as a two-lane undivided expressway as it traverses South Mountain . Farther east, the expressway ends and the route becomes two-lane undivided 28th Division Highway, curving southeast and leaving Cornwall. US 322 enters Lancaster County and continues east across
12825-719: The borough of Duncannon , where the road becomes a freeway again. At this point, the unnamed freeway crosses the Susquehanna River on the Clarks Ferry Bridge , which also carries the Appalachian Trail . After crossing the river, the two routes come to a directional T interchange with the southern terminus of PA 147 , where the Appalachian Trail splits to the south. Following this interchange, US 22/US 322 turns southwest and runs between
12996-540: The borough of Honey Brook . At this point, the route runs southeast through the borough, where it intersects PA 10 . Upon leaving Honey Brook, the road continues through rural areas with increasing development, crossing the West Branch Brandywine Creek . Farther southeast, US 322 reaches an intersection with PA 82 in the community of Brandywine Manor . From here, the route runs southeast through suburban areas with some rural land, passing through
13167-557: The borough of Clearfield. The two routes turn southeast onto two-lane Nichols Street and cross the West Branch Susquehanna River , with the road name becoming Bridge Street. PA 153 splits from US 322 on the east bank of the river by turning south, with US 322 continuing east along Bridge Street before curving north onto Bigler Avenue. The route turns east-southeast as it continues through the borough. The road leaves Clearfield and becomes Daisy Street, turning into
13338-520: The borough was 98.78% White , 0.44% African American , 0.09% Native American , 0.26% Asian , and 0.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.09% of the population. There were 478 households, of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% comprised someone living alone who
13509-574: The broader strike wave that swept the U.S. that year. Cleveland's population continued to grow throughout the Roaring Twenties . The decade saw the establishment of the city's Playhouse Square , and the rise of the risqué Short Vincent . The Bal-Masque balls of the avant-garde Kokoon Arts Club scandalized the city. Jazz came to prominence in Cleveland during this period. Prohibition first took effect in Ohio in May 1919 (although it
13680-437: The center of the borough. At this point, US 322/PA 18 turn east to join US 6 and PA 285 on Water Street. A block later, PA 285 splits to the south. US 6/US 322/PA 18 become a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane and head east out of the borough, passing to the south of Conneaut Lake . PA 18 splits from US 6/US 322 by turning to the north, with US 6/US 322 continuing east-northeast on Conneaut Lake Road. The road heads into
13851-435: The city and for northern Ohio. At the 2020 census, there were 372,624 people and 170,549 households in Cleveland. The population density was 4,901.51 inhabitants per square mile (1,892.5/km ). The median household income was $ 30,907 and the per capita income was $ 21,223. 32.7% of the population was living below the poverty line. Of the city's population over the age of 25, 17.5% held a bachelor's degree or higher, and 80.8% had
14022-450: The city and the county have significant communities of Albanians , Arabs (especially Lebanese , Syrians , and Palestinians ), Armenians , French , Greeks , Iranians , Scots , Turks , and West Indians . A 2020 analysis found Cleveland to be the most ethnically and racially diverse major city in Ohio. The influx of immigrants in the 19th and early 20th centuries drastically transformed Cleveland's religious landscape. From
14193-439: The city and the county include Aleris , American Greetings , Applied Industrial Technologies , Eaton , Forest City Realty Trust , Heinen's Fine Foods, Hyster-Yale Materials Handling , Lincoln Electric , Medical Mutual of Ohio , Moen Incorporated , NACCO Industries , Nordson Corporation , OM Group , Swagelok , Kirby Company , Things Remembered , Third Federal S&L , TransDigm Group , and Vitamix . NASA maintains
14364-594: The city ascends into the Heights on the east, where the region known as the " Snow Belt " begins. Extending from the city's East Side and its suburbs, the Snow Belt reaches up the Lake Erie shore as far as Buffalo . The all-time record high in Cleveland of 104 °F (40 °C) was established on June 25, 1988, and the all-time record low of −20 °F (−29 °C) was set on January 19, 1994. On average, July
14535-546: The city boasted the highest concentration of Hungarians in the world outside of Budapest . Cleveland has a long-established Jewish community , historically centered on the East Side neighborhoods of Glenville and Kinsman, but now mostly concentrated in East Side suburbs such as Cleveland Heights and Beachwood , location of the Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage . The availability of jobs attracted African Americans from
14706-645: The city from Santa Monica, California in the Women's Air Derby . The Van Sweringen brothers commenced construction of the Terminal Tower skyscraper in 1926 and oversaw it to completion in 1927. By the time the building was dedicated as part of Cleveland Union Terminal in 1930, the city had a population of over 900,000. Cleveland was hit hard by the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression . A center of union activity ,
14877-418: The city of DuBois . The route continues east and reaches a junction with US 219 , where it briefly becomes a divided highway. At this point, US 219 joins US 322 in a concurrency along two-lane undivided Carson Hill Road. The two routes pass over a Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad line and head southeast, passing through the community of Salem . The road reaches the community of Luthersburg , where it intersects
15048-472: The city of Franklin . At this point, the road becomes Grant Street and passes through developed areas of the city, curving northeast and back to the east. US 322 reaches an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 417 , at which point it turns south onto four-lane undivided 13th Street, crossing the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad line at-grade. The road turns into a divided highway and crosses French Creek, becoming undivided again and heading into
15219-527: The city saw significant labor struggles in this period, including strikes by workers against Fisher Body in 1936 and against Republic Steel in 1937. The city was also aided by major federal works projects sponsored by President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal . In commemoration of the centennial of Cleveland's incorporation as a city, the Great Lakes Exposition debuted in June 1936 at
15390-513: The city was named. The city's location on the river and the lake shore allowed it to grow into a major commercial and industrial metropolis by the late 19th century, attracting large numbers of immigrants and migrants . It was among the top 10 largest U.S. cities by population for much of the 20th century, a period that saw the development of the city's cultural institutions. By the 1960s, Cleveland's economy began to slow down as manufacturing declined and suburbanization occurred. Cleveland
15561-522: The city's North Coast Harbor , along the Lake Erie shore north of downtown. Conceived by Cleveland's business leaders as a way to revitalize the city during the Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. On December 7, 1941, Imperial Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and declared war on the U.S. Two of
15732-418: The city's west side is led by president and CEO Christine Alexander-Rager. Formerly known as City Hospital, it operates one of two Level I trauma centers in the city, and has various locations throughout Greater Cleveland. In 2013, Cleveland's Global Center for Health Innovation opened with 235,000 square feet (21,800 m ) of display space for healthcare companies across the world. To take advantage of
15903-426: The city, with improvement of city schools, economic development of neighborhoods, and continued efforts to tackle poverty, homelessness , and urban blight being top municipal priorities. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 82.47 square miles (213.60 km ), of which 77.70 square miles (201.24 km ) is land and 4.77 square miles (12.35 km ) is water. The shore of Lake Erie
16074-422: The communities of Little Washington and Guthriesville . The road comes to a partial cloverleaf interchange with the US 30 freeway, where it briefly becomes a divided highway. Past this interchange, US 322 passes north of a park and ride lot and becomes Manor Avenue, a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane that enters the borough of Downingtown . Here, the route passes through developed areas, heading to
16245-455: The community of Blue Ball , where it has an intersection with PA 23 . The road runs near some development and forms a short concurrency with PA 897 . From here, the route continues east through agricultural areas, passing through the communities of Fetterville and Beartown . At this point, US 322 travels east-southeast across Welsh Mountain. US 322 enters Chester County and becomes Horseshoe Pike, continuing southeast through rural areas to
16416-530: The community of Clay . US 322 runs east-southeast and runs through the community of Weidmanville before it enters the borough of Ephrata . At this point, the route heads into developed areas and continues southeast to a cloverleaf interchange with PA 272 , where it widens to four lanes. Past this interchange, the road narrows back to two lanes and passes northeast of the Ephrata Cloister before crossing Cocalico Creek . US 322 continues southeast into
16587-402: The community of Concordville , where US 322 splits from US 1 by heading southeast along Conchester Highway, a four-lane divided highway. The route runs through suburban areas, passing over Smithbridge Road and narrowing to a two-lane undivided road before coming to an interchange with the northern terminus of PA 261 . The road continues east and passes over Chichester Avenue before it widens into
16758-485: The community of Cranberry . Here, the route passes businesses and heads to the south of the Cranberry Mall before it intersects the southern terminus of PA 257 . Past this intersection, the road runs through rural land, crossing East Sandy Creek and reaching a junction with the northern terminus of PA 38 . US 322 enters Clarion County and continues southeast, intersecting the eastern terminus of PA 338 in
16929-438: The community of Emerickville as it continues along. Farther east, the road turns to the south and enters the borough of Reynoldsville , where the name becomes West Main Street and it curves east. US 322 continues southeast and comes to an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 950 before it crosses a Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad line at-grade and Sandy Lick Creek . The route becomes East Main Street and runs through
17100-453: The community of Hannasville . The road enters the borough of Sugarcreek , where it crosses Sugar Creek and comes to an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 427 . From here, the route curves south to run east of the parallel Sugar Creek before turning east and running north of French Creek and the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad line. US 322 turns south alongside the creek and railroad tracks before it curves east and enters
17271-572: The community of Hartstown , where it becomes Liberty Street and reaches an intersection with PA 18 . At this point, PA 18 turns northeast for a concurrency with US 322 and the road comes to a bridge over the Canadian National 's Bessemer Subdivision railroad line as it curves northeast and continues as an unnamed road. Farther northeast, the road enters the borough of Conneaut Lake and becomes State Street, turning north onto South 4th Street to come to an intersection with US 6 / PA 285 in
17442-421: The community of Kossuth . Farther east, the road reaches the borough of Shippenville . Upon entering Shippenville, the route becomes Main Street and intersects PA 208 . At this point, PA 208 joins US 322 in a concurrency before it splits to the north. The route leaves Shippenville and becomes unnamed again, passing south of a residential development. The road reaches an intersection with PA 66 near businesses in
17613-629: The community of Marianne . Past this intersection, US 322 runs southeast through rural areas before it gains a second westbound lane as it descends a hill. The route narrows to two lanes and curves east, crossing the Clarion River . After crossing the river, the road gains a second eastbound lane as it ascends a hill. US 322 curves south and enters the borough of Clarion , where it narrows to two lanes and becomes North 1st Avenue, running through developed areas and passing east of Memorial Stadium. The route turns southeast onto Main Street and heads into
17784-426: The community of Watts ; this interchange consists of a left exit and entrance eastbound and a right exit and entrance westbound. The two routes continue south parallel to the Juniata River and reach an interchange connecting to River Road that serves the community of Amity Hall . US 22/US 322 enters Dauphin County and comes to a modified cloverleaf interchange with the US 11 / US 15 freeway. Past this interchange,
17955-412: The community, had petitioned the county court for borough status. The borough consists of the original land grants of John Adams and Thomas Cochran (who may have been distantly related to petitioner Charles Cochran). The borough plot was surveyed by Joseph Cochran, the first school teacher, and the son of Thomas Cochran. The first election was held on April 14, 1855. James Greer was elected Burgess, and
18126-525: The distinction of being one of the best hospital systems in the world. The clinic is led by Croatian-born president and CEO Tomislav Mihaljevic and it is affiliated with Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine . University Hospitals includes the University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and its Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital . Cliff Megerian serves as that system's CEO. MetroHealth on
18297-534: The downtown area of Clarion, where it intersects the eastern terminus of PA 68 . After leaving the downtown area, the road passes through the PennWest Clarion university campus. US 322 leaves Clarion and becomes an unnamed road, passing east through rural areas. Farther east, the route enters the borough of Strattanville and runs east through the borough along Main Street. The road leaves Strattanville and becomes unnamed, heading east-southeast and reaching
18468-485: The downtown area of Ephrata and becomes East Main Street upon crossing State Street. A short distance later, the road meets the terminus of the Warwick to Ephrata Rail Trail. The route leaves the downtown area and continues southeast, crossing out of the borough limits of Ephrata and running east-southeast past more development. US 322 widens into a four-lane divided highway and comes to a diverging diamond interchange with
18639-453: The downtown area of Franklin. US 322 comes to an intersection with US 62 / PA 8 , at which point it turns east for a concurrency with the two routes on four-lane undivided Liberty Street. The road turns southeast and leaves the downtown area, narrowing to one lane westbound before US 62/PA 8 split from US 322 by turning to the northeast. US 322 continues south along two-lane undivided Liberty Street before it turns east onto 8th Street and crosses
18810-445: The downtown area of Reynoldsville, where it has a junction with the northern terminus of PA 310 . US 322 leaves Reynoldsville becomes an unnamed road and continues through rural areas, curving northeast in the community of Prescottville . The route continues east and runs through the community of Rathmel . US 322 enters Clearfield County and runs east-southeast along Behringer Highway, coming to an intersection with US 119 south of
18981-422: The early turnpikes in central Pennsylvania, by swinging south from DuBois along US 219 to service Grampian , then north on PA 879 to service Clearfield. From Philipsburg, it followed PA 53 to Osceola Mills and State Street and PA 350 to Bald Eagle . It then went south along South Bald Eagle Road (at the time also US 220 ) to Tyrone , then PA 453 and PA 45 meet US 22 at Water Street. The two highways bore
19152-408: The east of Harrisburg, coming to a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 22 that serves the communities of Progress to the west and Colonial Park to the east. Past here, I-83/US 322 reaches a diamond interchange with Union Deposit Road. Farther south, US 322 splits from I-83 at a eastbound exit and westbound entrance and heads south along four-lane divided Eisenhower Boulevard, immediately coming to
19323-416: The east receive over 44 inches (1,100 mm) of liquid precipitation annually. With its extensive cleanup of its Lake Erie shore and the Cuyahoga River, Cleveland has been recognized by national media as an environmental success story and a national leader in environmental protection. Since the city's industrialization, the Cuyahoga River had become so affected by industrial pollution that it "caught fire"
19494-625: The east. Farther east, US 322 reaches an intersection with PA 153 , where it turns southeast to form a concurrency with that route on four-lane divided Rockton Mountain Highway. The road leaves the Moshannon State Forest and continues through rural areas. The two routes enter more developed areas north of the borough of Clearfield as a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane, crossing a R.J. Corman Railroad line at-grade. US 322/PA 153 curve south onto West Front Street and enter
19665-544: The eastern terminus of PA 410 . The two routes curve east onto Luthersburg-Rockton Road and US 219 splits from US 322 by turning to the south. US 322 continues east, curving northeast before reaching the community of Rockton . In Rockton, the route turns east and becomes Rockton Mountain Highway, entering the Moshannon State Forest . Upon entering the state forest, the road turns southeast, crossing Anderson Creek , and then turning northeast before curving to
19836-680: The eastern terminus of the Mount Nittany Expressway and the PA 144 interchange. On August 9, 2023, three build alternatives for the project were released, with proposals to construct along the PA 144 corridor and upgrade the existing alignment of US 322 eliminated. On January 19, 2024, it was announced that plans to build a connector road to PA 45 were dropped. The section of US 322 along Conchester Highway between US 1 in Concordville and I-95 in Chester opened in 1954. PennDOT had plans since 1979 to widen
20007-657: The final design phase, with construction to begin in 2024. Plans to replace the bridge over the CSX tracks and Bethel Road along with improving the Bethel Road interchange are in the final design phase, with construction to begin in 2024. In 2019, construction began to convert the interchange with US 222 near Ephrata into a diverging diamond interchange. The diverging diamond interchange, which cost $ 10.9 million and received federal funding, opened on May 17, 2021, one year ahead of schedule. Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland
20178-416: The first borough council consisted of Charles Cochran, D. M. DeVore, Samuel Markle, William T. Dunn, and Hugh Smith. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,148 people, 478 households, and 335 families residing in the borough. The population density was 953.8 inhabitants per square mile (368.3/km ). There were 506 housing units at an average density of 420.4 per square mile (162.3/km ). The racial makeup of
20349-469: The first major American city since the Great Depression to enter into a financial default on federal loans. The national recession of the early 1980s "further eroded the city's traditional economic base." While unemployment during the period peaked in 1983, Cleveland's rate of 13.8% was higher than the national average due to the closure of several steel production centers. The city began
20520-425: The first major American city to elect an African American mayor, Carl B. Stokes , who served from 1968 to 1971 and played an instrumental role in restoring the Cuyahoga River. During the 1970s, Cleveland became known as "Bomb City U.S.A." due to several bombings that shook the city, mostly due to organized crime rivalries. In December 1978, during the turbulent tenure of Dennis Kucinich as mayor, Cleveland became
20691-559: The four-lane divided highway enters the Bald Eagle Valley , coming to an eastbound exit and westbound entrance with North High Street that provides access to the borough of Port Matilda . At this point, US 322 becomes an unnamed freeway and continues east to a westbound exit and eastbound entrance with I-99 / US 220 , at which point it joins I-99/US 220; North High Street provides the missing movements at this interchange. I-99/US 220/US 322 run east, passing over US 220 Alt. and
20862-465: The freeway ends and US 322 continues east as a four-lane divided highway. Farther east, the route becomes Paxton Street and it runs east. The road turns into an unnamed freeway and crosses the Swatara Creek , bypassing the borough of Hummelstown to the south. The freeway runs along the southern border of Hummelstown and passes between developed areas of the borough to the north and rural areas to
21033-484: The freeway ends and the roadway becomes Benvenue Road, a four-lane divided highway. The two routes run through a mix of rural areas and businesses on Duncan Island between the Juniata River to the west and the Susquehanna River to the east, turning into a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane. US 22/US 322 transitions into a four-lane divided highway and intersects the eastern terminus of PA 849 east of
21204-441: The freeway passes over a Juniata Valley Railroad line. Past this interchange, US 22/US 322 curves south along the eastern border of Lewistown and crosses a Juniata Valley Railroad line at-grade before reaching an eastbound exit and westbound entrance with East Charles Street. The freeway crosses the Kishacoquillas Creek and leaves Lewistown upon crossing Jacks Creek and heading into rural areas. The two routes curve east and come to
21375-549: The golden age in Downtown Cleveland retail, centered on major department stores Higbee's , Bailey's, the May Company , Taylor's , Halle's , and Sterling Lindner Davis , which collectively represented one of the largest and most fashionable shopping districts in the country, often compared to New York's Fifth Avenue . In 1929, Cleveland hosted the first of many National Air Races , and Amelia Earhart flew to
21546-467: The growth has been spurred on by attracting creative class members, which has facilitated new residential development and the transformation of old industrial buildings into loft spaces for artists. Typical of the Great Lakes region , Cleveland exhibits a continental climate with four distinct seasons, which lies in the humid continental ( Köppen Dfa ) zone. The climate is transitional with
21717-614: The hockey team, the Barons , became champions of the American Hockey League, and the Browns dominated professional football in the 1950s. As a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was declared the "City of Champions" in sports at this time. Additionally, the 1950s saw the rising popularity of a new music genre that local WJW (AM) disc jockey Alan Freed dubbed " rock and roll ". However, by
21888-644: The increase since 2000 and especially 2010, reflecting downtown's growing population. Clevelanders geographically define themselves in terms of whether they live on the east or west side of the Cuyahoga River. The East Side includes the neighborhoods of Buckeye–Shaker , Buckeye–Woodhill , Central , Collinwood (including Nottingham ), Euclid–Green , Fairfax , Glenville , Goodrich–Kirtland Park (including Asiatown ), Hough , Kinsman , Lee–Miles (including Lee–Harvard and Lee–Seville), Mount Pleasant , St. Clair–Superior , Union–Miles Park , and University Circle (including Little Italy ). The West Side includes
22059-484: The lake freezes, usually in late January or early February. The lake effect causes a relative differential in geographical snowfall totals across the city. On the city's far West Side, the Hopkins neighborhood only reached 100 inches (254 cm) of snowfall in a season three times since record-keeping for snow began in 1893. By contrast, seasonal totals approaching or exceeding 100 inches (254 cm) are not uncommon as
22230-480: The lake, is at an elevation of 791 feet (241 m). Cleveland borders several inner-ring and streetcar suburbs . To the west, it borders Lakewood , Rocky River , and Fairview Park , and to the east, it borders Shaker Heights , Cleveland Heights , South Euclid , and East Cleveland . To the southwest, it borders Linndale , Brooklyn , Parma , and Brook Park . To the south, the city borders Newburgh Heights , Cuyahoga Heights , and Brooklyn Heights and to
22401-515: The mountain along West 28th Division Highway, turning to the southeast. After crossing South Mountain, the road passes over the Pennsylvania Turnpike ( I-76 ) and runs through a mix of rural areas and development, intersecting PA 501 in the community of Brickerville . The route becomes East 28th Division Highway and continues east, crossing Middle Creek . At this point, the road name changes to West Main Street and it passes through
22572-405: The national number. In 1937, US 322 was extended to and through New Jersey, replacing what remained of PA 5 between Harrisburg and West Chester, and PA 61 to Chester. In 1957, US 322 was routed onto a limited-access bypass of West Chester to the north and east. As a result, US 322 Bus. replaced the US 322 designation through West Chester. In 1970, the highway was rerouted to bypass Curwensville to
22743-456: The neighborhoods of Brooklyn Centre , Clark–Fulton , Cudell , Detroit–Shoreway , Edgewater , Ohio City , Old Brooklyn , Stockyards , Tremont (including Duck Island ), West Boulevard , and the four neighborhoods colloquially known as West Park : Kamm's Corners , Jefferson , Bellaire–Puritas , and Hopkins . The Cuyahoga Valley neighborhood (including the Flats ) is situated between
22914-479: The north of Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Health Children's Hospital . The route narrows to two lanes before intersecting PA 743 . US 322 becomes East Governor Road and heads between Hershey High School to the north and farmland to the south before passing through the campus of the Milton Hershey School , coming to roundabouts at Homestead Lane and Meadow Lane serving
23085-445: The north of the Susquehanna River and Norfolk Southern's Buffalo Line, curving to the east. The freeway reaches a directional T interchange with the southern terminus of PA 225 that serves the borough of Dauphin . From here, the two routes turn southeast and enter the borough of Dauphin, passing near developed areas. The freeway crosses Stony Creek before coming to a westbound exit providing access to Allegheny Street and heading under
23256-551: The north, replacing a section of PA 410 . In December 2007, construction to convert the section of US 22/US 322 through the Lewistown Narrows from a two-lane highway to a divided, limited-access four-lane highway was completed. To decrease congestion and improve safety, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) began a project in 2014 to reconstruct US 322 from the Centre / Mifflin county line to
23427-467: The northeast of Subaru Park , the home stadium of the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer , before it crosses the Delaware River into New Jersey . The earliest predecessors of US 322 were several turnpikes . The Downingstown, Ephrata, and Harrisburg Turnpike was chartered in 1803, forming the bulk of the highway east of Harrisburg. A brief section from Philipsburg to West Decatur
23598-634: The open Cleveland Mall and share a common neoclassical architecture . They were built in the early 20th century as the result of the 1903 Group Plan. They constitute one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the U.S. Completed in 1927 and dedicated in 1930 as part of the Cleveland Union Terminal complex, the Terminal Tower was the tallest building in North America outside New York City until 1964 and
23769-526: The other end of US 322 Truck at Boot Road along the southern border of Downingtown. From here, the road curves southeast and passes over the East Branch Brandywine Creek and under an abandoned railroad line. At this point, US 322 becomes Downingtown Pike and runs parallel to the creek through a mix of rural and suburban areas. The route turns east and crosses the creek, at which point the East Branch Brandywine Creek turns south away from
23940-589: The proximity of universities and other medical centers in Cleveland, the Veterans Administration moved the region's VA hospital from suburban Brecksville to a new facility in University Circle. Cochranton, Pennsylvania Cochranton is located on the southern boundary of Crawford County at 41°31′10″N 80°2′56″W / 41.51944°N 80.04889°W / 41.51944; -80.04889 (41.519497, -80.048906). It
24111-532: The railroad line. US 22/US 322 leaves Dauphin and heads southeast between the Susquehanna River to the west and the Norfolk Southern line to the east as it passes west of Second Mountain. Past the mountain, the freeway runs near developed areas farther from the river and comes to a partial cloverleaf interchange with PA 443 in the community of Fort Hunter . The two routes continue south-southeast, crossing over Norfolk Southern's Buffalo Line and passing to
24282-406: The river to the west and the borough to the east, passing over PA 17 . After leaving the borough, the two routes come to an interchange with West Juniata Parkway that provides access to PA 17 and Millerstown. US 22/US 322 continues through rural areas further east from the Juniata River. The freeway curves south as it passes west of Buffalo Mountain, making a turn east away from the river and reaching
24453-400: The road enters the borough of Brookville and becomes West Main Street, continuing into an area of businesses and coming to an intersection where PA 28 heads south and PA 36 and PA 28 Truck heads north. At this point, US 322 forms a concurrency with PA 28 and PA 36, running through developed areas of the borough. The road becomes Main Street and PA 36 splits from US 322/PA 28 by heading to
24624-519: The road. US 322 widens to four lanes and turns east onto the two-lane undivided West Chester Bypass, with US 322 Bus. continuing southeast along Downingtown Pike toward the borough of West Chester . The route follows the bypass east-northeast through suburban areas to the north of West Chester, coming to a westbound exit to northbound Pottstown Pike and eastbound entrance from southbound Pottstown Pike. The road continues northeast and curves east, passing under an abandoned railroad line before merging into
24795-519: The route's interchange with PA 144 , at a cost of about $ 93 million. On March 30, 2018, the Sand Mountain Road interchange opened, replacing the at-grade intersection. The bulk of the cost of the project is related to an extension of the four-lane portion of US 322 through Potters Mills Gap and a new interchange with PA 144, which opened on October 10, 2020. The State College Area Connector project will upgrade US 322 to four lanes between
24966-544: The rural South arrived in Cleveland (among other Northeastern and Midwestern cities) as part of the Great Migration for jobs, constitutional rights, and relief from racial discrimination . By 1920, the year in which the Cleveland Indians won their first World Series championship , Cleveland had grown into a densely-populated metropolis of 796,841, making it the fifth-largest city in the nation, with
25137-512: The school. The road leaves Hershey and runs through agricultural areas in the Lebanon Valley . US 322 enters Lebanon County and becomes Horseshoe Pike, where it heads into the community of Campbelltown . On the eastern edge of Campbelltown, the route crosses PA 117 . From here, the road passes through the communities of Mount Pleasant and Fontana . US 322 comes to a junction with PA 241 , where that route turns east to join US 322 in
25308-629: The south of Downingtown West High School , and narrows to two lanes before coming to an intersection with US 30 Bus. At this point, US 322 turns northeast for a concurrency with US 30 Bus. on West Lancaster Avenue , crossing the East Branch Brandywine Creek and heading in the downtown area of Downingtown on East Lancaster Avenue. US 322 splits from US 30 Bus. by turning south onto Brandywine Avenue, with US 322 Truck heading east along with US 30 Bus. The route passes under Amtrak 's Keystone Corridor railroad line and intersects
25479-501: The south, crossing the Middletown and Hummelstown Railroad at-grade. While bypassing Hummelstown, US 322 comes to a eastbound exit and westbound entrance with South Hanover Street/Middletown Road and a westbound exit and eastbound entrance with Quarry Road/Waltonville Road; a two-lane undivided frontage road to the south of US 322 connects these two interchanges. From here, the freeway curves northeast and leaves Hummelstown, reaching
25650-510: The south, with US 322/PA 28 continuing east through the downtown area of Brookville. The road curves northeast and southeast out of the downtown area before crossing the North Fork Creek and running east along East Main Street. On the eastern border of Brookville, PA 28 splits to the east and US 322 continues southeast through rural areas as an unnamed road, crossing Mill Creek in the community of Port Barnett . The route passes through
25821-535: The southbound direction of the US 202 freeway at a partial interchange. US 202/US 322 continue south-southeast along the West Chester Bypass as a four-lane freeway bypassing West Chester to the east, coming to a partial cloverleaf interchange with Paoli Pike. A short distance later, the two routes reach a partial cloverleaf interchange with PA 3 . The freeway continues south to a diamond interchange at Westtown Road before it curves southwest, passing over
25992-405: The southeast and the name changes to Meadville Road. The route becomes an unnamed road and passes through the northern part of the borough of Cochranton before it comes to an intersection with PA 173 . Past this intersection, the road curves to the south. The route crosses into Mercer County, where it makes a turn to the east. US 322 heads into Venango County and runs east, curving southeast in
26163-414: The southeast and then to the east. The route comes to a partial cloverleaf interchange with Boalsburg Road/Warner Boulevard that provides access to PA 45 and the community of Boalsburg . US 322 turns to the southeast to reach and eastbound exit and westbound entrance with PA 45, where it narrows from a four-lane freeway to a two-lane expressway . A short distance later, the Mount Nittany Expressway ends at
26334-495: The southeast, it borders Warrensville Heights , Maple Heights , and Garfield Heights . To the northeast, along the shore of Lake Erie, Cleveland borders Bratenahl and Euclid . Cleveland's downtown architecture is diverse. Many of the city's government and civic buildings, including City Hall , the Cuyahoga County Courthouse , the Cleveland Public Library , and Public Auditorium , are clustered around
26505-442: The southeast. The road turns south and intersects PA 504 before heading southeast again and leaving Philipsburg. US 322 becomes Port Matilda Highway and passes a westbound runaway truck ramp as it runs through rural areas, ascending Black Bear Hill. The road passes a westbound truck brake check station and curves east and then south. The route makes a turn to the southeast and comes to a rest area accessible from both directions on
26676-490: The stretch of US 322 along Conchester Highway from a two-lane road to a four-lane road. The stretch of road saw a large number of accidents and fatalities, leading to the nickname "Killer Conchester". Construction on the project to widen the Conchester Highway section of US 322 began on April 28, 2017, with Governor Tom Wolf , PennDOT secretary Leslie Richards , and other state and local officials in attendance for
26847-472: The tallest in the city until 1991. It is a prototypical Beaux-Arts skyscraper. The two other major skyscrapers on Public Square, Key Tower (the tallest building in Ohio) and 200 Public Square, combine elements of Art Deco architecture with postmodern designs. Running east from Public Square through University Circle is Euclid Avenue , which was known as "Millionaires' Row" for its prestige and elegance as
27018-419: The time as the sixth-largest U.S. city. Its automotive companies included Peerless , Chandler , and Winton , maker of the first car driven across the U.S. Other manufacturing industries in Cleveland included steam cars produced by White and electric cars produced by Baker . The city counted major Progressive Era politicians among its leaders, most prominently the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson , who
27189-415: The victims of the attack were Cleveland natives – Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd and ensign William Halloran. The attack signaled America's entry into World War II . A major hub of the " Arsenal of Democracy ", Cleveland under Mayor Frank Lausche contributed massively to the U.S. war effort as the fifth largest manufacturing center in the nation. During his tenure, Lausche also oversaw the establishment of
27360-429: The west of Blue Mountain . US 22/US 322 heads southeast parallel to Norfolk Southern's Pittsburgh Line to the west and reaches a diamond interchange with PA 39 , where the parallel railroad line heads further west from the road. At this point, the freeway enters the city of Harrisburg and runs between Wildwood Park to the west and developed areas to the east, curving south and crossing Paxton Creek before coming to
27531-417: The westbound side of the road, crossing Sandy Ridge. US 322 becomes a four-lane divided highway with a wide median called Flat Rock Road, curving east into the Moshannon State Forest before turning southeast and leaving the state forest. The route intersects Reese Hollow Road/East Mountain Road, with access via an at-grade intersection eastbound and an interchange westbound. Following this, the median narrows and
27702-430: The western terminus of US 322 Bus. , which heads east into the borough of State College . At this point, the freeway becomes the Mount Nittany Expressway and bypasses State College to the north. A short distance later, the freeway reaches a westbound exit and eastbound entrance with Valley Vista Drive that serves the community of Park Forest . From here, the road passes through a mix of rural and developed areas, coming to
27873-431: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.84. The age distribution of the borough was: 23.3% under the age of 18; 7.4% from 18 to 24; 26.4% from 25 to 44; 26.2% from 45 to 64; and 16.7% 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males. The median income for
28044-428: Was accompanied by significant strikes and labor unrest, as workers demanded better wages and working conditions . Between 1881 and 1886, 70 to 80% of strikes were successful in improving labor conditions in Cleveland. The Cleveland Streetcar Strike of 1899 was one of the more violent instances of labor strife in the city during this period. By 1910, Cleveland had become known as the "Sixth City" due to its status at
28215-591: Was completed in 1923 by the Cleveland architectural firm Walker and Weeks . The headquarters of the Federal Reserve System's Fourth District, the bank employs 1,000 people and maintains branch offices in Cincinnati and Pittsburgh . Cleveland and Cuyahoga County are home to Fortune 500 companies Cleveland-Cliffs , Progressive , Sherwin-Williams , Parker-Hannifin , KeyCorp , and Travel Centers of America . Other large companies based in
28386-556: Was elected its first mayor. That same year, it nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two communities. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854. A center of abolitionist activity, Cleveland (code-named "Station Hope") was a major stop on the Underground Railroad for escaped African American slaves en route to Canada. The city also served as an important center for
28557-733: Was established on July 22, 1796, by surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company when they laid out Connecticut 's Western Reserve into townships and a capital city. They named the settlement "Cleaveland" after their leader, General Moses Cleaveland , a veteran of the American Revolutionary War . Cleaveland oversaw the New England –style design of the plan for what would become the modern downtown area, centered on Public Square , before returning to Connecticut, never again to visit Ohio. The town's name
28728-589: Was not well-enforced in Cleveland), became law with the Volstead Act in 1920, and was eventually repealed nationally by Congress in 1933. The ban on alcohol led to the rise of speakeasies throughout the city and organized crime gangs, such as the Mayfield Road Mob , who smuggled bootleg liquor across Lake Erie from Canada into Cleveland. The era of the flapper marked the beginning of
28899-407: Was often shortened to "Cleveland", even by Cleaveland's original surveyors. A common myth emerged that the spelling was altered by The Cleveland Advertiser in order to fit the name on the newspaper's masthead . The first permanent European settler in Cleveland was Lorenzo Carter , who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River. The emerging community served as an important supply post for
29070-739: Was part of the Philipsburg and Susquehanna Turnpike, with a western terminus at Curwensville . From there to Meadville, the highway was the Susquehanna and Waterford Turnpike, which extended north to Waterford. The latter two turnpikes were part of the cross-state route known as the Northumberland and Waterford Turnpike. These highways were mostly incorporated into the Lakes-to-Sea Highway , which went from Erie east to Atlantic City, New Jersey . This route deviated from
29241-577: Was responsible for the development of the Cleveland Mall Plan . The era of the City Beautiful movement in Cleveland architecture saw wealthy patrons support the establishment of the city's major cultural institutions. The most prominent among them were the Cleveland Museum of Art , which opened in 1916, and the Cleveland Orchestra , established in 1918. In addition to the large immigrant population, African American migrants from
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