Misplaced Pages

#498501

58-460: Mount Tabor is an extinct volcanic vent with a city park on the volcano, located in Portland, Oregon 's neighborhood of the same name . The name refers to Mount Tabor, Israel . It was named by Plympton Kelly, son of Oregon City pioneer resident Clinton Kelly . The peak of Mount Tabor is 636 feet (194 m) in elevation; about two-thirds of this is prominence since the surrounding land

116-412: A log cabin which was said to be the world's largest. It was constructed of 54 long unhewn logs, and contained exhibits of local forestry products, wildlife, and Native American photographs. The building was 206 feet (63 m) long, 102 feet (31 m) wide, and 72 feet (22 m) high (63 m x 31m x 22m), and cost nearly $ 30,000 The building stood until destroyed by fire in 1964 and inspired

174-456: A committee appointed by the government with the intent of sharing the burdens of planning. On this date, they chose a president, Jefferson Myers , who "made a speech ... urging hearty co-operation with the Lewis and Clark directors to bring about the best results. He later repeated these assurances of help to the directors." This seemed to go well, and their assistance helped guide the fair through

232-810: A cricket match at the fair between the Portland Cricket Club founded in 1876 and the Victoria Cricket Club founded in 1852. Consequently, the Pacific Coast tournament was played in Victoria until 1914. (David Sentance US Cricket Historian & author of Cricket in America 1710-2000) The fair, by all economic measures, was a major success. Over the entire run of the fair, the box office recorded almost 1.6 million paid admissions, an average of 11,600 visitors per day. Tickets to

290-776: A long time, most famously the Forestry Building, which was reinforced with a concrete foundation and converted into a forestry museum. It burned to the ground in August 1964. A replacement museum was built in Portland's Washington Park and is today known as the World Forestry Center . A few buildings from the fair remain standing today, including the Fairmount Hotel , the American Inn , and

348-534: A major economic center, largely fueled by the arrival of the railroads. Three transcontinental railroads used Portland as their Pacific coast terminus – the Northern, Southern, and Union Pacific Railroads . Meanwhile, Portland's wheat and flour industries were growing at an amazing rate, and Portland held "the largest flour mill on the Pacific coast." The unparalleled timber industry continued to grow, as "Oregon

406-732: A provisional committee" to begin planning some sort of fair. Soon, a permanent board was conceived, and the head of the Portland General Electric Company, Henry W. Goode, became the president of the Board of Directors. Others included I. N. Fleischner, First Vice-President; Oskar Huber, Director of Works; Colonel Henry E. Dosch , Director of Exhibits; Henry E. Reed, Secretary; and J. A. Wakefield, Director of Concessions and Admissions. These were some of Portland's most wealthy and powerful men, working together to create an event of unmatched grandeur and power. Although

464-400: A ride to the site for 10 cents. The site was sold for private development prior to the fair and was leased back to the city for the event. Numerous individuals were involved in the design and construction of the fairgrounds and buildings. The Olmsted Brothers design firm was hired to develop a plan for the grounds, for $ 5,000. The plan designed by John Charles Olmsted took advantage of

522-502: A simulated village, engaging in traditional activities. Some of these activities, such as preparation and consumption of dog meat , would be viewed as primitive to most visitors. Many exhibitors had to be turned away due to lack of space. In addition to the major exhibits and pavilions, the site also featured an amusement park , various sideshows , concerts, free motion pictures (a novelty in those days), blimp excursions, and numerous vendors selling food and other items. The site

580-529: A tour throughout the city so that he could create a grand plan of parks. Olmsted recommended that Mount Tabor be protected for future park use, even though it was well removed from the city at the time. Following Olmsted's recommendation, the Portland Parks Bureau began to acquire land there in 1909. The park was designed, along with other Portland parks, by Emanuel Tillman Mische, a highly pedigreed horticulturist and long-time landscape designer for

638-1111: A water committee and created a municipal water system piping water some 25 miles from the Bull Run River watershed, separate and west of Mount Hood, to Mount Tabor reservoirs and across the Willamette River to City Park (now Washington Park) reservoirs in 1894. The Bull Run watershed was among the first federal lands to be set aside in the Forest Reserve Act of 1891 and enacted by president Benjamin Harrison. The reservoirs and their gatehouses are artistically constructed, incorporating extensive reinforced concrete, designed to look like stonework , by two early patented techniques by noted engineer Ernest L. Ransome and wrought-iron fencing and lampposts designed by architect William M. Whidden . There were initially four above-ground reservoirs, numbered 1, 2, 5, and 6. (Reservoirs 3 and 4 are at Washington Park, and Reservoir 7

SECTION 10

#1732782696499

696-433: Is a small underground reservoir near Mount Tabor's summit.) Reservoir 2, on the corner of SE 60th and Division, was decommissioned in the 1980s, and the property was sold to a private developer. Its gatehouse remains, and is used as a private residence. Reservoir 6 is the largest, with two 37 million gallon chambers; it also contains a fountain, which was unused for many years; however, it was reactivated in early 2007. Three of

754-543: Is about 200 feet (61 m) elevation. Near the peak, where a basketball court and outdoor amphitheater are now situated, part of the cinder cone has been cut away, and the rock is visible to park visitors. The remaining cinders were used to pave the nearby parking lot. The Tabor cinder cone is part of the Boring Lava Field , an extensive network of cinder cones and small shield volcanoes ranging from Boring, Oregon , to southwest Washington , and dating to

812-465: Is estimated a million out-of-town guests came to Portland, resulting in millions of dollars (in 1905 figures) added to the economy. In addition, construction of the fairgrounds provided 1,000 construction jobs. Very little of the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition remains today. The vast majority of the structures were designed to be temporary and were torn down the following year, in 1906. A few structures were moved elsewhere and remained in use for

870-413: Is said, can be utilized to great advantage and made a scene of beauty." With this voting, "the Lewis and Clark Exposition had its site – a grove of trees, 180 acres (0.73 km ) of pasture, and 220 acres (0.89 km ) of waist-high stagnant water at the site's center." Guild's Lake had numerous other advantages. As the site was located on the edge of settlement in Portland, it was easily accessed by

928-525: Is second [in wooded area], with 54,300 square miles" and "in quantity of standing lumber, Oregon leads the Union, with 300 billion feet ..." Oregon's shipping was growing, too, fueled by a $ 1.5 million project to dike and dredge the Columbia River . During this time, Oregon's population grew from 13,294 in 1850 to 413,536 in 1900, a 3,000-percent growth, compared to the 1000-percent growth of

986-552: The Balch Creek watershed. Guild's Lake was a site "everyone in Portland was vaguely aware of ... [though] no one on the site selection subcommittee could remember whether it evaporated during the dry season." Inspections showed it remained at a depth of 2.5 feet (0.76 m) through the summer, and therefore would be an appropriate site. By September 4, 1902, the Oregon Journal reported: "the fair officials are hot on

1044-620: The National Cash Register Building (now the McMenamins St. Johns Theater and Pub). About half a million pink hybrid tea rose bushes, all "Mme Caroline Testout," were planted along the streets of Portland for the Lewis and Clark Exposition. Many of these remain today. Many people moved to Portland following the fair, which is why many houses around Portland were built in the years that followed. There were also many street paving and sidewalk projects in

1102-1002: The Plio-Pleistocene era. The lava field has been extinct for over 300,000 years. Three other cinder cones from this field also lie within the city of Portland: Rocky Butte , Powell Butte , and Kelly Butte . Portland is one of six cities in the United States to have an extinct volcano (Mount Tabor) within its boundaries. Bend is the only other city in Oregon with a volcano within its city limits, with Pilot Butte . Jackson Volcano in Jackson , Mississippi , Diamond Head in Honolulu , Glassford Hill in Prescott Valley , Arizona and Pilot Knob in Austin , Texas being

1160-517: The Safe Drinking Water Act . On June 15, 2011, a man was observed urinating in a nearly 8-million-gallon reservoir, prompting city officials to drain the water at a cost of around $ 36,000. Under LT2 several hundred of the country's historic open reservoirs were decommissioned, including the three open air reservoirs on Mount Tabor, which no longer provide drinking water. Following pressure from other open-reservoir cities, in 2011

1218-647: The Smithsonian Institution ; numerous famous artists such as Claude Monet were featured. Some of the exhibits were controversial (and by modern standards, offensive), such as an exhibit of Philippines Igorot tribespeople; displayed in order to convince the American populace of the legitimacy of the recent U.S. conquest of the Philippines, taken from Spain in the recently concluded Spanish–American War . The exhibit included Igorots living in

SECTION 20

#1732782696499

1276-895: The Western Forestry Center as a replacement. It also inspired the lobby of the Glacier Park Lodge in Montana. The fair was lit up by night with incandescent lights , as well as large searchlights on the Government Building. These were designed by Thomas H. Wright , working for Portland General Electric . In addition, numerous statues adorned the grounds. Several of the statues remain today, including Alice Cooper 's Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste which now stands in Washington Park. Over 100 thousand light bulbs were used to outline

1334-515: The 1920s. Automotive parades of hooded Klan members were common in Southeast Portland. The park featured a statue of The Oregonian editor and Scottish Rite Freemason Harvey W. Scott . The larger-than-life statue was sculpted by Gutzon Borglum , notable for sculptures on Mount Rushmore . The bronze statue was dedicated on July 22, 1933, with approximately 3,000 in attendance, 23 years after Scott died. Oregon governor Julius Meier

1392-522: The 96-step stairway between Reservoirs 5 and 6, and has an optional 0.31-mile (0.5 km) loop around the summit. Bicycles are permitted on the Red and Blue Trails. Leashed dogs are permitted on all the trails. Restrooms are available at the summit and the visitors center near the 60th and Salmon entrance. In October 2011, the Friends of Mount Tabor Park opened a visitors' center in a former storage room at

1450-640: The Commission that came with it), the Board of Directors then began the process of choosing a site on which to hold this fair. There were a number of locations considered, on both the east and west sides of the Willamette River. The three main sites on the eastern side were University Park, now the site of the University of Portland ; City View Park, now Sellwood Park and Oaks Park ; and Hawthorne Park, now an industrial area. The western sites considered were City Park, now Washington Park ; and Guild's Lake in

1508-578: The EPA softened its stance on the LT2 rule and allowed the country's remaining open reservoirs to halt burial plans; but despite public outcry Mount Tabor's open reservoirs remain slated for decommissioning. In August 2015 the Portland City Council voted for decommissioning, considered to be the final vote on the issue. Mount Tabor Park can be entered by vehicle from 69th Avenue and Yamhill Street on

1566-620: The First Unitarian Church and relative of Charles Eliot, the son of the president of Harvard University and acclaimed landscape architect and partner in the Olmsted landscape firm in Brookline, Massachusetts. Rev. Eliot arranged for Olmsted to visit Seattle for park planning, too, in order to help make the long trip financially feasible. While John Charles Olmsted was in Portland, Rev. Eliot and other park supporters took him on

1624-496: The Lewis and Clark Athletic Games and Championship Contests. The largest exhibit by a foreign nation was Italy 's, whose pavilion contained a large collection of marble statues. Germany and France also spent enormous sums on their exhibits, the latter providing a replica of the drawing room of King Louis XIV . Japan spent $ 1 million (a significant sum in 1905) on its exhibit, including numerous cultural artifacts such as porcelains, silks, and lanterns. States with exhibits at

1682-578: The Union has ever given to an exposition held within its borders." He was also specifically grateful for the City of Portland's assistance, and noted that their "cordial and enthusiastic backing" was invaluable to the success of the Fair. These praises of Portland were repeated by the State Commission, further supporting the city's great assistance. After gaining the necessary financial backing (and

1740-471: The buildings were in the style of the Spanish Renaissance and decorated with architectural flourishes such as domes , cupolas , arched doorways and red-colored roofs. The buildings, not intended to be permanent, were largely constructed of plaster over wooden frames, which resulted in rather low construction costs (79 cents per foot). The major exception to this was the Forestry Building,

1798-477: The buildings, bridges, and statues; the result was a spectacular nighttime view. Some exhibits took up to three years to assemble. The exposition opened on June 1, 1905, and ran until October 15, 1905, a four and a half month span. It included exhibitions from 21 nations and 16 U.S. states, as well as numerous branches of the federal government, and private organizations. The Multnomah Athletic Club , an amateur club from Portland, Oregon , assisted in organizing

Mount Tabor (Oregon) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1856-470: The exact amounts of which I am unable to give. Thus the fair received funding to hold the exposition. The bill that appropriated the funds also created a special commission to oversee the organization of the fair. As this Commission reported: "The Lewis and Clark Exposition was held jointly, under the authorization of the act creating this Commission, by the Commission and the Lewis and Clark Exposition Corporation." First assembling on May 30, 1903, they were

1914-495: The exposition were: Alaska , Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Illinois , Louisiana , Maine , Massachusetts , Missouri , Montana , Nebraska , New York , North Dakota , Oregon , Oklahoma , Utah , Washington , and Wyoming . Each attending state was granted a day to publicize its exhibit, often attended by visiting dignitaries. There were extensive exhibits on topics such as agriculture, technology, and music. The Mormon Tabernacle Choir sent an exhibit, as did

1972-469: The exposition, with 966,000 getting in for free and 1,588,000 paying visitors. 135,000 visitors were from east of the Mississippi River . Unusual for such expositions, the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition was profitable, turning a gross profit of nearly $ 85,000. Capital investors received a 21% return on their investments. In addition, the impact on the local economy was significant. It

2030-447: The fair and the economic prosperity it could provide. In addition, approximately 3,000 average citizens purchased stock certificates both as investment opportunities and to support what they viewed as a worthwhile venture. These individual investments eventually paid off greatly. Seeing the potential benefits of the fair's success, the state legislature began planning appropriations for the fair. Although they "had [little] interest in

2088-538: The fair cost 50 cents for adults, a quarter for children. Forty-thousand visitors attended on the opening day; 50,000 attended on the Fourth of July , and on the anniversary of Portland's incorporation, the daily attendance record of over 85,000 visitors was set. The vast majority (nearly 75%) of visitors were from the Pacific Northwest, with almost half being local residents. In all 2,554,000 people visited

2146-402: The famed Olmsted Brothers landscape firm. The 196-acre (0.79 km) Mount Tabor Park was the largest Portland park until 1947 when Forest Park was created. Mount Tabor Park does not appear to have ever been formally ordained by the city as a park. According to archival records, an ordinance declaring Williams Park, named for a prominent citizen, was stopped by neighborhood activists wanting

2204-507: The governmental hurdles inherent with the planning of such a venture. After the closing of the fair, Henry Reed, Secretary for the Exposition Corporation, created a hefty volume documenting the whole process of planning and running the event. He, too, spoke highly of the government's involvement, and wrote that "The State of Oregon gave more solid help ... to the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, than any other state of

2262-660: The historic name, Mount Tabor Park, to be retained. No other ordinance appears to have been enacted to date. The entire park, including the Central Maintenance Yard, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The nomination was forwarded by a community effort spearheaded and funded by the Mount Tabor Neighborhood Association. Mount Tabor was home to cross burnings by Oregon's Ku Klux Klan in

2320-667: The historical heroes and their 2,000-mile (3,200 km) trek ... they [shared] the vision of Pacific trade that had motivated the exploration and settlement of the Oregon Country." Thus, the Legislature passed "An Act Celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Exploration of the Oregon Country," which appropriated a sum of approximately $ 500,000 for the fair. After the Fair's completion, it

2378-448: The nation as a whole. Despite all these positive factors, though, Oregon was not unaffected by the nationwide Long Depression , which had particular effect in 1893. Jobs were lost across the country as railroads grew too fast on a weak banking system and agricultural values fell. The state's elite business leaders all attempted to devise plans to boost the economy. Dan McAllen, a dry goods merchant, suggested in 1895 "that Portland mark

Mount Tabor (Oregon) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2436-481: The new century and pull itself out of its economic slump by holding some sort of international fair." Since the area's focus was on other issues, his proposal went unnoticed for a few years. The idea of a fair came up again occasionally, but no concentrated effort was made for various reasons. It was not until mid-1900 that this sort of action began, when "J.M. Long of the Portland Board of Trade put together

2494-453: The north side of the volcano, Harrison Street on the east, Lincoln Street on the southwest, and 60th Avenue and Salmon Street on the northwest side. An off-leash dog park is located on the south side near the Harrison entrance. There is also pedestrian access from several dead-end streets on the south side off 72nd Avenue. A bike path and multiuse path provides park access beginning at SE 64th Avenue and Division Street. The bike path construction

2552-578: The others. The volcanic nature of Mount Tabor became known in 1913, when a road-building crew discovered traces of volcanic cinders in the park. The land making up the Mount Tabor volcanic butte was identified as a site for reservoirs in the 1880s due to its ideal elevation for a water distribution system . The Mount Tabor reservoirs were built during the period of 1894 and 1911, along with reservoirs in Washington Park . City fathers formed

2610-512: The park. Volcanic vent Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.132 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 946816122 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:31:36 GMT Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition Since its founding in 1845, Portland had evolved into

2668-481: The populace. Two local trolley lines (the Portland Railway and City Suburban Railway) ran to within one block of the proposed entrance. Guild's Lake also had the advantage of being located adjacent to the recently constructed Vaughn Street Park , a baseball stadium that would prove rather useful during the operation of the fair. The site was also accessible from the river, and steamers provided visitors

2726-683: The reservoirs were accepted to the National Register of Historic Places in January 2004. The reservoirs' nomination was also a community effort spearheaded by the Friends of the Reservoirs and funded by donations. John Charles Olmsted , stepson and nephew of the famed Frederick Law Olmsted, visited Portland in 1903 to help design the site for the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition , on the request of Rev. Thomas Lamb Eliot , minister of

2784-474: The scenic views available from the site, including Mount St. Helens and the river. (Olmsted also developed a plan for Portland's park system during the same visit.) Ion Lewis , of the firm Whidden & Lewis , supervised a board of seven architects responsible for designing the fair's buildings. The six other architects were Edgar M. Lazarus , Emil Schacht , Justus F. Krumbein , David C. Lewis , Richard Martin, Jr. , and Henry J. Hefty . The majority of

2842-442: The subject of a decade-long controversy surrounding lucrative engineering contracts to replace the historic open reservoirs with underground storage tanks. Concern has been raised about the possible relationship between City officials and the engineering firms receiving the no-bid reservoir decommissioning contracts; and about the role these parties may have played in lobbying for pro-underground-tank modifications (the " LT2 " rule) to

2900-595: The trail of a site and it is confidently predicted that 'something will be doing' shortly." The next day, they reported the committee narrowed its choices to "two tracts ... Willamette heights on the west side and Hawthorne Park, with a portion of the Ladd tract, on the east side," and that Willamette Heights was to be chosen, as "It is claimed that the natural advantages offered by the Willamette Heights outweigh all other considerations and that ... Guild's Lake, it

2958-539: The true motivation for the fair came from an economic and business standpoint, it was still crucial to have a theme for publicity and décor. The theme for the Portland fair came from the advice of the Oregon Historical Society . They suggested that the centennial anniversary of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 's stay in Oregon would be a perfect event to commemorate. As the directors wanted to include their dreams of economic growth as well, they combined

SECTION 50

#1732782696499

3016-454: The two ideas into a title that "summed up the dual goals of historic commemoration and regional boosterism: 'The Lewis and Clark Centennial and American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair.'" In addition, a motto was decided on, to focus the festivities and bolster publicity: "Westward The Course of Empire Takes Its Way." Once a theme was set, the men began securing exhibits and getting support for their investments. Getting government backing

3074-478: The years that followed the fair, and many of the sidewalks in Portland (East Portland especially) are dated from 1910 to 1920. Guild's Lake , a cutoff meander of the Willamette River around which the fairgrounds were built, was slowly filled in by industrial developers (and the Port of Portland ) in the years after the fair; by the 1920s the lake had vanished entirely. Over the years, the grounds have been used for

3132-493: Was chairman of the event, and Chester Harvey Rowell gave a speech. The statue was toppled in 2020 and replaced with the bust of York in February 2021. In 2023, Mount Tabor Park was designated as the first Urban Quiet Park in the United States by Quiet Parks International, an organization that seeks to promote quiet parks around the world. The Mount Tabor Reservoirs , along with those in Portland's Washington Park, have been

3190-464: Was completed in 2024. Mount Tabor has numerous paths and can be climbed from virtually any direction. Three official trails begin and end at the kiosk in the parking lot just west of the park entrance at 69th and Yamhill. The easy one-mile (1.6 km) Red Trail, the intermediate 1.7-mile (2.7 km) Green Trail and the more difficult 3-mile (4.8 km) Blue Trail all circle the volcano by way of gravel paths and paved roads. The Blue Trail includes

3248-560: Was crucial due to the personal investments already made: "The Ladd and Tilton Bank [invested] $ 20,000, the Northern Pacific Railroad another $ 20,000, and brewer Henry Weinhard $ 10,000." Many of the substantial investments were from hotels (the Imperial Hotel Company purchased 50 shares worth $ 5,000), restaurants, streetcar companies, and retailers – all groups with much to gain from the success of

3306-611: Was reported that The money expended by the two departments amounted to about four hundred thousand dollars each, the State appropriating that expended by the Commission, while the stockholders of the Corporation subscribed about an equal amount. The proceeds from the Exposition were expended entirely under the direction of the Corporation. The government of the United States appropriated $ 475,000 and about an equal value in exhibits,

3364-438: Was the finish line for a transcontinental automobile race (" Hell Gate to Portland") by two drivers sponsored by Olds Motor Works . The Amateur Athletic Union 's National Track and Field Championships were held in Portland at Vaughn Street Park . Portland's Pacific Coast League baseball team, known then as the "Giants" , played the 1905 season at a different venue in Portland. The Multnomah Amateur Athletic Club organized

#498501