119-537: Mountain Dew , stylized as Mtn Dew in some countries, is a soft drink brand, produced and owned by PepsiCo . The original formula was invented in 1940 by Tennessee beverage bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman. A revised formula was created by Bill Bridgforth in 1958. The rights to this formula were obtained by the Tip Corporation of Marion, Virginia . William H. "Bill" Jones of the Tip Corporation further refined
238-570: A gas when the pressure is released. The process usually involves injecting carbon dioxide under high pressure. When the pressure is removed, the carbon dioxide is released from the solution as small bubbles, which causes the solution to become effervescent, or fizzy. Carbonated beverages are prepared by mixing flavored syrup with carbonated water. Carbonation levels range up to 5 volumes of CO 2 per liquid volume. Ginger ale , colas , and related drinks are carbonated with 3.5 volumes. Other drinks, often fruity ones, are carbonated less. In
357-560: A syrup or dry ingredients with carbonated water, or by Lacto-fermentation. Syrups are commercially sold by companies such as Soda-Club ; dry ingredients are often sold in pouches, in a style of the popular U.S. drink mix Kool-Aid . Carbonated water is made using a soda siphon or a home carbonation system or by dropping dry ice into water. Food-grade carbon dioxide, used for carbonating drinks, often comes from ammonia plants. Drinks like ginger ale and root beer are often brewed using yeast to cause carbonation . Of most importance
476-522: A 12-week release due to low sales. On 7 January 2011, Mountain Dew posted on their Facebook that Pitch Black would return to the shelves in May 2011, also stating that this may be the start of many re-releases of old favorites. The company promoted Pitch Black's return heavily with giveaways and contests. About a month before the planned release date, a photo was posted on a Mountain Dew worker's Pongr, which showed Pitch Black and 2008's Supernova. Two weeks before
595-433: A Baltimore, Maryland machine shop operator. It was the first bottle top to successfully keep the bubbles in the bottle. In 1899, the first patent was issued for a glass-blowing machine for the automatic production of glass bottles. Earlier glass bottles had all been hand-blown. Four years later, the new bottle-blowing machine was in operation. It was first operated by Michael Owens , an employee of Libby Glass Company. Within
714-421: A YouTube channel that have been overseen by PepsiCo since 2007. The initiative originated in 2013 and will continue through the year. Mountain Dew's Green Label promotion originated in 2007, when a line of limited edition aluminum bottles was put into production, featuring artwork from a range of tattoo artists and other artists. This initial series marked the first use of the term Green Label Art to describe
833-571: A computer-generated mash-up of three things that the public generally finds to be cute or harmless; a Pug puppy (the head), a monkey (the body and tail), and a dancing baby (the hips and legs). The puppy monkey baby dances with three men who are presumably watching the Super Bowl, offering them Mountain Dew Kickstart, which is similarly described as being a combination of three things (Mountain Dew, juice, and caffeine). The media response to
952-527: A day) had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) of about 4% in the hip compared to women who did not consume colas. The study found that the effect of regular consumption of cola sodas was not significant on men's BMD. In 2006, the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency published the results of its survey of benzene levels in soft drinks, which tested 150 products and found that four contained benzene levels above
1071-606: A deal to bottle Mountain Dew by the Tri-Cities Beverage Corporation in Johnson City, Tennessee . The Tip Corporation of Marion, Virginia , bought the rights to Mountain Dew, revising the flavor and launching it in 1961. In 1964, Pepsico purchased the Tip Corporation and thus acquired the rights to Mountain Dew. In 1999, the Virginia legislature recognized Tip Corporation president Bill Jones and
1190-635: A few legacy applications. IRIX is one of the first Unix versions to feature a graphical user interface for the main desktop environment. IRIX Interactive Desktop uses the 4Dwm X window manager with a custom look designed using the Motif widget toolkit . IRIX is the originator of the industry standard OpenGL for graphics chips and image processing libraries. IRIX uses the MIPSPro compiler for both its front end and back end. The compiler, also known in earlier versions as IDO (IRIS Development Option),
1309-645: A few years, glass bottle production increased from 1,400 bottles a day to about 58,000 bottles a day. In America, soda fountains were initially more popular, and many Americans would frequent the soda fountain daily. Beginning in 1806, Yale University chemistry professor Benjamin Silliman sold soda waters in New Haven, Connecticut . He used a Nooth apparatus to produce his waters. Businessmen in Philadelphia and New York City also began selling soda water in
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#17327915038501428-568: A higher risk of cardiovascular diseases , and people who drank sugar-sweetened drinks with digestive diseases . Since at least 2006, debate on whether high-calorie soft drink vending machines should be allowed in schools has been on the rise. Opponents of the soft drink vending machines believe that soft drinks are a significant contributor to childhood obesity and tooth decay , and that allowing soft drink sales in schools encourages children to believe they are safe to consume in moderate to large quantities. Opponents also argue that schools have
1547-521: A limited-run production of Mountain Dew Throwback, a variation consisting of sugar in place of high-fructose corn syrup. Mountain Dew Throwback subsequently was re-released for brief periods (generally 8–12 weeks at a time), including a second wave from December 2009 to February 2010 and a third wave in the summer and fall of 2010. A fourth eight-week production run began in March 2011, before becoming
1666-620: A month before the planned release date. Later that same month, it was announced through the Facebook page that Game Fuel would be arriving to the public in mid-October, though it would vary by market. These flavors began appearing from the first week of October and were also discontinued after 12 weeks of being on shelves. Game Fuel returned in October 2012 to promote Halo 4 , in the original citrus-cherry flavor. In August 2013, Mountain Dew announced that Game Fuel would be returning to stores in
1785-486: A new Taco Bell exclusive, Mountain Dew Sangrita Blast, a non-alcoholic sangrita -flavored Mountain Dew. Beginning in 2007, Mountain Dew began a promotion entitled "DEWmocracy", which involved the public electing new flavors, colors, names, packaging graphics and advertisements for upcoming Mountain Dew products. The campaign has been the subject of recognition within the advertising industry, cited as one of
1904-526: A permanent addition to the Mountain Dew flavor line-up, until being discontinued again during the COVID-19 pandemic . A 12 US fl oz (355 mL) can of Mountain Dew contains 54 mg of caffeine (equivalent to 152 mg/L). An urban legend about Mountain Dew ingredients is that dye Yellow #5 (tartrazine) lowers sperm count. Tartrazine has never been scientifically linked to any of
2023-806: A potential risk factor for weight gain. From 1977 to 2002, Americans doubled their consumption of sweetened beverages —a trend that was paralleled by doubling the prevalence of obesity. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight and obesity, and changes in consumption can help predict changes in weight. The consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks can also be associated with many weight-related diseases, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome , and cardiovascular risk factors. Most soft drinks contain high concentrations of simple carbohydrates : glucose , fructose , sucrose and other simple sugars. If oral bacteria ferment carbohydrates and produce acids that may dissolve tooth enamel and induce dental decay, then sweetened drinks may increase
2142-743: A process to manufacture bottled carbonated mineral water. He founded the Schweppes Company in Geneva in 1783 to sell carbonated water, and relocated his business to London in 1792. His drink soon gained in popularity; among his newfound patrons was Erasmus Darwin . In 1843, the Schweppes company commercialized Malvern Water at the Holywell Spring in the Malvern Hills, and received a royal warrant from King William IV. It
2261-517: A responsibility to look after the health of the children in their care, and that allowing children easy access to soft drinks violates that responsibility. Vending machine proponents believe that obesity is a complex issue and soft drinks are not the only cause. A 2011 bill to tax soft drinks in California failed, with some opposing lawmakers arguing that parents—not the government—should be responsible for children's drink choices. On May 3, 2006,
2380-620: A safety concern for consumers". A study published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology in 2013 concluded that consumption of soft drinks was associated with a 23% higher risk of developing kidney stones . In a 2019 study of 451,743 Europeans, those who had a consumption of soft drinks of two or more a day, had a greater chance of all-cause mortality than those who drank less than one per month. People who drank artificially sweetened drinks had
2499-513: A soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume of the drink in many countries and localities if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic . Types of soft drinks include lemon-lime drinks , orange soda , cola , grape soda , cream soda , ginger ale and root beer . Soft drinks may be served cold, over ice cubes , or at room temperature . They are available in many container formats, including cans , glass bottles , and plastic bottles . Containers come in
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#17327915038502618-512: A sponsored television show entitled Mountain Dew's Green Label Experience premiered on Fuel TV in July 2010, for the primary purpose of broadcasting interviews with action sports athletes from each of the stops on the Dew Tour. Under the term Green Label Gaming – coined in 2007 – Mountain Dew has broadened its sponsorship of independent video game designers and players . The brand
2737-644: A store in Tracy, California – named the winner of a cash prize. This winning can design was scheduled to appear on Mountain Dew cans at some point in 2011. In 2008, a Mountain Dew-sponsored music label was launched under the name Green Label Sound . In December 2010, a Mountain Dew Code Red television advertisement was produced, incorporating the hip-hop artist Jay Electronica performing his song "The Announcement". The advertisement concludes with
2856-691: A sugary beverage on a given day fell from approximately 62% to 50% for adults, and from 80% to 61% for children. The decrease has been attributed to, among other factors, an increased awareness of the dangers of obesity, and government efforts to improve diets. At the same time, soda consumption has increased in some low- or middle-income countries such as Cameroon , Georgia , India and Vietnam as soda manufacturers increasingly target these markets and consumers have increasing discretionary income. Soft drinks are made by mixing dry or fresh ingredients with water. Production of soft drinks can be done at factories or at home. Soft drinks can be made at home by mixing
2975-486: A variety of sizes, ranging from small bottles to large multi-liter containers. Soft drinks are widely available at fast food restaurants , movie theaters , convenience stores , casual-dining restaurants , dedicated soda stores , vending machines and bars from soda fountain machines. Within a decade of the invention of carbonated water by Joseph Priestley in 1767, inventors in Europe had used his concept to produce
3094-426: Is 6.5, released in May 1998. New minor versions of IRIX 6.5 were released every quarter until 2005, and then four minor releases. Through version 6.5.22, there are two branches of each release: a maintenance release (identified by an "m" suffix) that includes only fixes to the original IRIX 6.5 code, and a feature release (with an "f" suffix) that includes improvements and enhancements. An overlay upgrade from 6.5.x to
3213-481: Is an action sports tour made up of events held in five U.S. cities over several months. The first Dew Tour was held in the summer of 2005 with events in skateboarding , BMX and Freestyle Motocross . In 2008 it expanded to add a " Winter Dew Tour ", comprising snowboarding and snow skiing competitions. It is "the most watched and attended action sports event in the world," according to Transworld Snowboarding magazine. In coordination with its Dew Tour sponsorship,
3332-648: Is any soft drink. In other languages, various names are used: descriptive names as "non-alcoholic beverages", equivalents of "soda water", or generalized names. For example, the Bohemian variant of the Czech language (but not Moravian dialects) uses "limonáda" for all such beverages, not only those made from lemons. Similarly, the Slovak language uses "malinovka" ("raspberry water") for all such beverages, not only for raspberry ones. The origins of soft drinks lie in
3451-537: Is any water-based flavored drink , usually but not necessarily carbonated , and typically including added sweetener . Flavors used can be natural or artificial . The sweetener may be a sugar , high-fructose corn syrup , fruit juice , a sugar substitute (in the case of diet sodas ), or some combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine , colorings , preservatives and other ingredients. Soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast with "hard" alcoholic drinks . Small amounts of alcohol may be present in
3570-485: Is associated with obesity , hypertension , type 2 diabetes , dental caries , and low nutrient levels . A few experimental studies reported the role sugar-sweetened soft drinks potentially contribute to these ailments, though other studies show conflicting information. According to a 2013 systematic review of systematic reviews, 83.3% of the systematic reviews without reported conflict of interest concluded that sugar-sweetened soft drinks consumption could be
3689-514: Is now called) onto chalk to produce carbon dioxide gas and encouraging the gas to dissolve into an agitated bowl of water. "Within a decade, inventors in Britain and in Europe had taken Priestley's basic idea—get some "fixed air," mix it with water, shake—and created contraptions that could make carbonated water more quickly, in greater quantities. One of those inventors was named Johann Jacob Schweppe, who sold bottled soda water and whose business
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3808-431: Is often advised by dentists as the drink does not come into as much contact with the teeth. It has also been suggested that brushing teeth right after drinking soft drinks should be avoided as this can result in additional erosion to the teeth due to mechanical action of the toothbrush on weakened enamel. A 2006 study of several thousand men and women, found that women who regularly drank cola-based sodas (three or more
3927-605: Is still around today." "The great soda-water shake up" (October 2014) The Atlantic . Another Englishman, John Mervin Nooth , improved Priestley's design and sold his apparatus for commercial use in pharmacies. Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman invented a generating apparatus that made carbonated water from chalk by the use of sulfuric acid. Bergman's apparatus allowed imitation mineral water to be produced in large amounts. Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius started to add flavors (spices, juices, and wine) to carbonated water in
4046-431: Is that the ingredient meets the agreed specification on all major parameters. This is not only the functional parameter (in other words, the level of the major constituent), but the level of impurities, the microbiological status, and physical parameters such as color, particle size, etc. Some soft drinks contain measurable amounts of alcohol. In some older preparations, this resulted from natural fermentation used to build
4165-511: Is used in the preparation of the flavoring extracts such as vanilla extract . Market control of the soft drink industry varies on a country-by-country basis. However, PepsiCo and the Coca-Cola Company remain the two largest producers of soft drinks in most regions of the world. In North America, Keurig Dr Pepper and Jones Soda also hold a significant amount of market share. The over-consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks
4284-540: The Caledonian Road , Islington , in London in 1870. His Codd-neck bottle was designed to enclose a marble and a rubber washer in the neck. The bottles were filled upside down, and pressure of the gas in the bottle forced the marble against the washer, sealing in the carbonation. The bottle was pinched into a special shape to provide a chamber into which the marble was pushed to open the bottle. This prevented
4403-566: The IRIX Interactive Desktop normally used on Silicon Graphics workstations running IRIX. 4Dwm is derived from the older Motif Window Manager and uses the Motif widget toolkit on top of the X Window System found on most Unix systems. 4Dwm on IRIX was one of the first default graphical user interface desktops to be standard on a Unix computer system. 4Dwm refers to " Fourth dimension window manager" and has no relation to dwm . Other X window managers that mimic
4522-630: The Independent Games Festival and the Game Developers Conference . Green Label Gaming has since come under controversy over a sponsored Game Jam-themed reality show by Matti Leshem. In 2008, Doritos debuted a mystery flavor known as "Quest", featuring a campaign of online puzzles and prizes to identify the Quest flavor. The flavor was later identified as Mountain Dew. In October 2010, Mountain Dew started
4641-695: The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. The United States Food and Drug Administration released its own test results of several soft drinks containing benzoates and ascorbic or erythorbic acid . Five tested drinks contained benzene levels above the Environmental Protection Agency's recommended standard of 5 ppb . As of 2006, the FDA stated its belief that "the levels of benzene found in soft drinks and other beverages to date do not pose
4760-485: The X Window System (X11R4), the 4Dwm window manager providing a similar look and feel to 4Sight. IRIX 5.0, released in 1993, incorporates certain features of UNIX System V Release 4, including ELF executables. IRIX 5.3 introduced the XFS journaling file system . In 1994, IRIX 6.0 added support for the 64-bit MIPS R8000 processor, but is otherwise similar to IRIX 5.2. Later 6.x releases support other members of
4879-490: The imageboard and 4chan , who submitted and upvoted entries such as " Hitler did nothing wrong ", " Diabeetus ", " Fapple ", " Bill Cosby Sweat", "Jimmie Rustle's Jumpin' Juice", and numerous variations of "Gushing Granny". Although the promotion was not directly connected to Mountain Dew, a representative from the company did offer to "help clean up" the site. Adweek compared the incident to another recent campaign hijacked under similar circumstances, where musician Pitbull
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4998-483: The "FanDEWmonium" promotion, a competition in which new flavors would compete to become permanent similar to the two DEWmocracy campaigns, but with eight diet flavors instead of three regular ones. Five of the participating flavors were diet versions of previous DEWmocracy flavors: Diet SuperNova, Diet Voltage, Diet Crave, Diet Distortion, Diet Typhoon, and Diet White Out. Another flavor, Diet Ultra Violet, returned from its own limited release in 2009. The remaining competitor
5117-593: The 1920s. Since then, soft drink vending machines have become increasingly popular. Both hot and cold drinks are sold in these self-service machines throughout the world. Per capita consumption of soda varies considerably around the world. As of 2014, the top consuming countries per capita were Argentina, the United States, Chile, and Mexico. Developed countries in Europe and elsewhere in the Americas had considerably lower consumption. Annual average consumption in
5236-513: The 6.5.22 maintenance release was available as a free download, whereas versions 6.5.23 and higher required an active Silicon Graphics support contract. A 2001 Computerworld review found IRIX in a "critical" state. SGI had been moving its efforts to Linux and the Windows -based SGI Visual Workstation but MIPS and IRIX customers convinced SGI to continue to support its platform through 2006. On September 6, 2006, an SGI press release announced
5355-691: The Alliance for a Healthier Generation, Cadbury Schweppes , the Coca-Cola Company , PepsiCo , and the American Beverage Association announced new guidelines that will voluntarily remove high-calorie soft drinks from all U.S. schools. On May 19, 2006, the British education secretary , Alan Johnson , announced new minimum nutrition standards for school food. Among a wide range of measures, from September 2006, school lunches will be free from carbonated drinks. Schools will also end
5474-471: The DEWmocracy website to include Facebook , Twitter , YouTube , and the "Dew Labs Community" – a private, online forum for the "most passionate Dew fans." In July 2009, Dew Labs sampling trucks distributed product samples of seven potential flavor variations. At the same time, 50 "Dew fanatics" were chosen based on their video submissions to the video website 12seconds.tv, and were shipped boxes of
5593-524: The GL2 operating system, based on UniSoft UniPlus System V Unix , and using the proprietary MEX (Multiple EXposure) windowing system . IRIX 3.x is based on UNIX System V Release 3 with 4.3BSD enhancements, and incorporates the 4Sight windowing system , based on NeWS and IRIS GL . SGI's own Extent File System (EFS) replaces the System V filesystem. IRIX 4.0, released in 1991, replaces 4Sight with
5712-515: The Game Fuel promotion on their Facebook page. The original citrus cherry would once again return, along with a new tropical companion flavor. The announcement gave a planned release date of October 2011 and stated that the packaging would feature codes granting players double experience points in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 . Both flavors were mailed out to Dew Labs members in early September 2011,
5831-574: The MIPS processor family in 64-bit mode. IRIX 6.3 was released for the SGI O2 workstation only. IRIX 6.4 improved multiprocessor scalability for the Octane , Origin 2000 , and Onyx2 systems. The Origin 2000 and Onyx2 IRIX 6.4 was marketed as "Cellular IRIX", although it only incorporates some features from the original Cellular IRIX distributed operating system project. The last major version of IRIX
5950-449: The Mountain Dew brand in 1964, and shortly thereafter in 1969 the logo was modified as the company sought to shift its focus to a "younger, outdoorsy" generation. This direction continued as the logo remained the same through the 1970s, 1980s. In 1996, PepsiCo began using a strategy it was already using with its flagship cola Pepsi, changing Mountain Dew's logo every few years. New logos were introduced in 1996, 1998, and 2005. In October 2008,
6069-399: The Mountain Dew logo was redesigned to "Mtn Dew" within the U.S. market, as a result of PepsiCo announcing that it would rebrand its core carbonated soft-drink products by early 2009. Returning flavors were given redesigned packaging and logos when re-released. In October 2024, PepsiCo announced a major rebrand. The new branding, inspired by the logo introduced in 1996, reverts the naming to
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#17327915038506188-449: The Mountain Dew website. Mountain Dew later stated via tweet that there would not be any more flavors returning 'by Popular DEWmand' for now, as it was only intended to be a summer program. In August 2012, Villa Enterprises held a promotion known as Dub the Dew , where users were asked to submit and vote on name ideas for a green apple flavor of Mountain Dew. The promotion was infamously hijacked by users, particularly those originating from
6307-541: The Mountain Dew website. Voting ended on 9 July, and, after many delays, Pitch Black was announced the winner on 18 July 2016. Pitch Black became part of the brand's flavor lineup starting in September, and was produced for several years before being discontinued by early 2020. Mountain Dew Spark is a raspberry lemonade flavored beverage and a part of the Mountain Dew line up of offerings. The computer worm Code Red
6426-645: The United Kingdom and Ireland, the term "fizzy drink" is common. "Pop" and "fizzy pop" are used in Northern England, South Wales, and the Midlands while "mineral" is used in Ireland. In Scotland, "fizzy juice" or even simply "juice" is colloquially encountered, as is "ginger". In Australia and New Zealand, "soft drink" or "fizzy drink" is typically used. In South African English , "cool drink"
6545-466: The United States called " phosphate soda " appeared in the late 1870s. It became one of the most popular soda fountain drinks from 1900 until the 1930s, with the lemon or orange phosphate being the most basic. The drink consists of 1 US fl oz (30 ml) fruit syrup, 1/2 teaspoon of phosphoric acid , and enough carbonated water and ice to fill a glass. This drink was commonly served in pharmacies. Soft drinks soon outgrew their origins in
6664-460: The United States, at 153.5 liters, was about twice that in the United Kingdom (77.7) or Canada (85.3). In recent years, soda consumption has generally declined in the West. According to one estimate, per capita consumption in the United States reached its peak in 1998 and has continually fallen since. A study in the journal Obesity found that from 2003 to 2014 the proportion of Americans who drank
6783-512: The advertisement was mixed to negative. Melissa Cronin of Gawker described it as a "horror-hallucination of brand awareness", while noting the beverage itself contains brominated vegetable oil , a chemical that is banned in several countries. Jim Joseph, chief integrated marketing officer at Cohn & Wolfe, called it "weird". On 16 April 2016, Mountain Dew announced the return of two popular favorites, Baja Blast and Pitch Black. Fans could vote on which flavor stays permanently on store shelves via
6902-749: The alleged effects in the legends, nor has any other component of the drink. In 2022, PepsiCo partnered with the Boston Beer Company to produce a line of alcohol-infused drinks in four flavors. Labelled "Hard Mtn Dew", the drinks were initially sold in Florida , Iowa and Tennessee, before expanding to other states. Mountain Dew Amp is an energy drink distributed by PepsiCo under the Mountain Dew brand, originally launched in 2001. From 2007 to 2008, several additional flavors of Amp were introduced. In 2012, Amp's labeling and ingredients changed, as did
7021-438: The beverage industry, and is broadly used in product labeling and on restaurant menus, generally a euphemistic term meaning non-alcoholic . However, in many countries such drinks are more commonly referred to by regional names, including pop , cool drink , fizzy drink, cola , soda, or soda pop . Other less-used terms include carbonated drink , fizzy juice , lolly water , seltzer , coke , tonic , and mineral . Due to
7140-459: The caddish Huntingdon, recovering from months of debauchery, wakes at noon and gulps a bottle of soda-water. ) In the early 20th century, sales of bottled soda increased greatly around the world, and in the second half of the 20th century, canned soft drinks became an important share of the market. During the 1920s, "Home-Paks" were invented. "Home-Paks" are the familiar six-pack cartons made from cardboard. Vending machines also began to appear in
7259-620: The carbonated soft drinks market in the U.S. Its competition includes the Coca-Cola Company 's Mello Yello and Surge , and Keurig Dr Pepper 's Sun Drop ; Mountain Dew accounted for 80% of citrus soft drinks sold within the U.S. in 2010. Tennessee bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman developed Mountain Dew as a mixer in the 1940s. Soft drinks were sold regionally in the 1930s, and the Hartmans had difficulty in Knoxville obtaining their preferred soda to mix with liquor , preferably whiskey , so
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#17327915038507378-413: The carbonation. In the United States, soft drinks (as well as other products such as non-alcoholic beer ) are allowed by law to contain up to 0.5% alcohol by volume . Modern drinks introduce carbon dioxide for carbonation, but there is some speculation that alcohol might result from fermentation of sugars in a non-sterile environment. A small amount of alcohol is introduced in some soft drinks where alcohol
7497-562: The country of production. For example, in Canada, the sweetener listed is "glucose-fructose" (another name for high-fructose corn syrup), and until 2012, it was caffeine-free by default. Formerly, the composition included brominated vegetable oil , an emulsifier banned in foods throughout Europe and in Japan . As of 2020, this ingredient has been removed. In response to negative publicity around high-fructose corn syrup, PepsiCo in 2009 released
7616-425: The development of fruit-flavored drinks. In the medieval Middle East , a variety of fruit-flavored soft drinks were widely drunk, such as sharbat , and were often sweetened with ingredients such as sugar , syrup and honey . Other common ingredients included lemon , apple , pomegranate , tamarind , jujube , sumac , musk , mint and ice . Middle Eastern drinks later became popular in medieval Europe , where
7735-412: The drink in greater quantities. One such inventor, J. J. Schweppe , formed Schweppes in 1783 and began selling the world's first bottled soft drink. Soft drink brands founded in the 19th century include R. White's Lemonade in 1845, Dr Pepper in 1885 and Coca-Cola in 1886. Subsequent brands include Pepsi , Irn-Bru , Sprite , Fanta , 7 Up and RC Cola . The term "soft drink" is a category in
7854-631: The earliest and longest-running examples of a consumer product brand employing crowdsourcing to make decisions which are traditionally made internally by employees. In its initial phase, DEWmocracy participation and voting was conducted via an online game. Television advertisements at the time featured actor Forest Whitaker asking people to decide the next new flavor of Mountain Dew. Online voters selected from three choices: Supernova (a strawberry/melon flavor), Revolution (a berry flavor), and Voltage (a raspberry/citrus flavor). Each included ginseng . The event ended on 17 August 2008, with Voltage announced as
7973-483: The early 1990s, IRIX was a leader in Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) , scalable from 1 to more than 1,024 processors with a single system image. IRIX has strong support for real-time disk and graphics I/O. IRIX was widely used for the 1990s and 2000s in the computer animation and scientific visualization industries, due to its large application base and high performance. It still is relevant in
8092-503: The early 19th century. In the 1830s, John Matthews of New York City and John Lippincott of Philadelphia began manufacturing soda fountains. Both men were successful and built large factories for fabricating fountains. Due to problems in the U.S. glass industry, bottled drinks remained a small portion of the market throughout much of the 19th century. (However, they were known in England. In The Tenant of Wildfell Hall , published in 1848,
8211-497: The end of the MIPS and IRIX product lines. Production ended on December 29, 2006, with final deliveries in March 2007, except by special arrangement. Support for these products ended in December 2013 and they will receive no further updates. Much of IRIX's core technology has been open sourced and ported by SGI to Linux, including XFS. In 2009, SGI filed for bankruptcy and then was purchased by Rackable Systems , which
8330-498: The fall of 2013, with a new blueberry-flavored version titled "Electrifying Berry". In October 2013, boxes of original citrus cherry Game Fuel appeared on store shelves with packaging promoting the Xbox One and the games Dead Rising 3 and Forza Motorsport 5 and with cans featuring Dead Rising 3 graphics. The new Electrifying Berry flavor of Game Fuel simultaneously appeared with packaging promoting Kinect Sports Rivals and
8449-488: The first round of voting was completed, two flavor finalists were chosen to receive a limited release to store shelves for a final round of voting. Diet Voltage and Diet SuperNova were sold in stores for an eight-week period beginning in March 2011. After votes were cast, it was announced that Diet SuperNova had won, with 55% of all votes, and it returned in January 2012. Afterwards, it was removed from shelves permanently after
8568-540: The first time the drink has been sold for a whole year. The new retail product bore the Taco Bell logo. Taco Bell's chief marketing officer, Chris Brandt, said the exclusive drinks have helped increase the company's beverage sales, even as soda sales have declined in the broader market. He noted that people are more likely to buy drinks when they are available exclusively at the chain. Due to the drink's success, many other new beverages were introduced at Taco Bell, including
8687-410: The flavor and appeal, according to fans. The Mountain Dew branding was also removed from cans during this change, though it has since been reintroduced. In spring 2014, Mountain Dew began distributing its Baja Blast flavor in standard 12-ounce cans, 20-ounce bottles and 24-ounce cans for sale at supermarkets and retail businesses in the U.S. This was to celebrate the drink's 20th anniversary and would be
8806-519: The formula, launching that version of Mountain Dew in 1961. In August 1964, the Mountain Dew brand and production rights were acquired from Tip by the Pepsi-Cola company, and the distribution expanded across the United States and Canada . Between the 1940s and 1980s there was only one variety of Mountain Dew, which was citrus -flavored and caffeinated in most markets. Diet Mountain Dew
8925-484: The four prototype flavors for "DEWmocracy II" that lost to Mountain Dew White Out and did not even make the final round). As was the case with the 2013 promotion, the two flavors promoted two different Xbox games (Arctic Burst promoted Middle-earth: Shadow of War while Tropical Smash promoted Forza 7 ). For the first time, Citrus Cherry was not fully part of the promotion; instead, promotion-less Citrus Cherry
9044-542: The full "Mountain" spelling; the key art features mountain scenery in the background. In summer 2010, a secondary type of Mountain Dew bottles began appearing on some US shelves. Designed by 4sight , a design and innovation firm, these bottles featured a sleeker design, smaller packaging labels, and a built-in grip. The bottles were dubbed "sidekick bottles" and were tested in North Carolina , South Carolina , and Indiana markets. By 2014, sidekick bottles had become
9163-413: The game Ryse: Son of Rome , graphics from which appear on the cans as well. In May 2014, the original citrus cherry Game Fuel began reappearing on shelves, but this time, the soda does not seem to be promoting any video game. In October 2014, Game Fuel returned with a new lemonade flavor for the promotion of Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare . Unlike past two-variant Game Fuel releases, both drinks sport
9282-502: The high sugar content in typical soft drinks, they may also be called sugary drinks . In the United States, the 2003 Harvard Dialect Survey tracked the usage of the nine most common names. Over half of the survey respondents preferred the term "soda", which was dominant in the Northeastern United States, California, and the areas surrounding Milwaukee and St. Louis. The term "pop", which was preferred by 25% of
9401-570: The industry-standard OpenGL graphics API . SGI originated the IRIX name in the 1988 release 3.0 of the operating system for the SGI IRIS 4D series of workstations and servers. Previous releases are identified only by the release number prefixed by "4D1-", such as "4D1-2.2". The "4D1-" prefix continued to be used in official documentation to prefix IRIX release numbers. Prior to the IRIS 4D, SGI bundled
9520-460: The late 18th century, scientists made important progress in replicating naturally carbonated mineral waters . In 1767, Englishman Joseph Priestley first discovered a method of infusing water with carbon dioxide to make carbonated water when he suspended a bowl of distilled water above a beer vat at a local brewery in Leeds , England. His invention of carbonated water (later known as soda water , for
9639-439: The late eighteenth century. Thomas Henry , an apothecary from Manchester, was the first to sell artificial mineral water to the general public for medicinal purposes, beginning in the 1770s. His recipe for 'Bewley's Mephitic Julep' consisted of 3 drachms of fossil alkali to a quart of water, and the manufacture had to 'throw in streams of fixed air until all the alkaline taste is destroyed'. Johann Jacob Schweppe developed
9758-464: The marble from blocking the neck as the drink was poured. R. White's, by now the biggest soft drinks company in London and south-east England, featured a wide range of drinks on their price list in 1887, all of which were sold in Codd's glass bottles, with choices including strawberry soda, raspberry soda, cherryade and cream soda. In 1892, the " Crown Cork Bottle Seal " was patented by William Painter ,
9877-540: The medical world and became a widely consumed product, available cheaply for the masses. By the 1840s, there were more than fifty soft drink manufacturers in London, an increase from just ten in the 1820s. Carbonated lemonade was widely available in British refreshment stalls in 1833, and in 1845, R. White's Lemonade went on sale in the UK. For the Great Exhibition of 1851 held at Hyde Park in London, Schweppes
9996-497: The new flavor, Mango Heat, in September. Then, in October, Game Fuel was released with the Titanfall 2 promotion, with a lower calorie version of the original citrus cherry variant returning alongside the new Mango Heat. In 2017, Game Fuel returned with two previously discontinued flavors: Arctic Burst (originally released as a Slurpee flavor in 2006 to promote Superman Returns ) and Tropical Smash (originally Flavor #736, one of
10115-402: The original Halo 3 promotion, with updated packaging. The second flavor was a new wild fruit drink, similar to the previously released Pepsi Blue . Both drinks were given World of Warcraft -based packaging, and sported the newly updated "MTN Dew" logo. Like their precursor, these two flavors lasted for 12 weeks and were discontinued. On 24 August 2011, Mountain Dew announced another return of
10234-497: The predominant Mountain Dew bottle design in most of the United States. In its primary market of the United States , the ingredient composition of Mountain Dew is listed as: " carbonated water , high-fructose corn syrup (in much of the U.S.), concentrated orange juice , citric acid , natural flavors, sodium benzoate , caffeine , sodium citrate , erythorbic acid , gum arabic , Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid , and yellow 5 ." The ingredient makeup of Mountain Dew varies based on
10353-475: The promotion, Citrus Cherry once again reverted to promotion-less packaging, while the Berry Lime flavor remained available as a Slurpee. Images leaked in May 2016 led to speculation that Game Fuel would once again see a new release later in 2016, with a new mango-flavored variant alongside the original citrus cherry flavor, promoting the game Titanfall 2 . Mountain Dew announced the return of Game Fuel and
10472-690: The release, Dew Labs announced the return of 2010's Typhoon in 2-liter bottles exclusively at Walmart Supercenters . The three flavors were re-released to stores on 2 May. At the same time of the DEWmand Promotion, Mountain Dew launched the Throwback Shack, a website where participators could enter to win exclusive Dew merchandise, including a "secret stash" of Mountain Dew Revolution, a losing competitor from 2008's DEWmocracy. The promotional advertisements were then taken down from
10591-684: The respondents, was most popular in the Midwest and Pacific Northwest, while the genericized trademark "coke", used by 12% of the respondents, was most popular in the Southern United States. The term "tonic" is distinctive to eastern Massachusetts , although its use is declining. In the English-speaking parts of Canada, the term "pop" is prevalent, but "soft drink" is the most common English term used in Montreal. In
10710-411: The risk of dental caries . The risk would be greater if the frequency of consumption is high. A large number of soda pops are acidic as are many fruits, sauces, and other foods. Drinking acidic drinks over a long period and continuous sipping may erode the tooth enamel . A 2007 study determined that some flavored sparkling waters are as erosive or more so than orange juice. Using a drinking straw
10829-410: The sale of junk food (including carbonated drinks) in vending machines and tuck shops . 4Sight IRIX ( / ˈ aɪ r ɪ k s / , EYE -ricks ) is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on the company's proprietary MIPS workstations and servers. It is based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions. In IRIX, SGI originated the XFS file system and
10948-441: The same artwork (unlike 2009's Horde Red and Alliance Blue or 2011's citrus cherry and tropical), albeit differing colors to match their respective flavors. After the promotion ended, Citrus Cherry reverted to packaging not promoting a game, while lemonade flavor was permanently removed from shelves. In October 2015, Game Fuel returned with a new companion flavor, Berry Lime, for the promotion of Call of Duty: Black Ops III . After
11067-421: The seven prototype flavors. From the initial seven flavors, taste testers were asked to elect three final flavors for later release at retail stores . The three new candidate flavors were Distortion (a Key lime flavor), Typhoon (a tropical punch flavor), and White Out (a smooth citrus flavor). The three new candidate flavors were released on 19 April 2010 and voting lasted until 14 June. The following day, White Out
11186-400: The soft drinks industry was the lack of an effective sealing of the bottles. Carbonated drink bottles are under great pressure from the gas, so inventors tried to find the best way to prevent the carbon dioxide or bubbles from escaping. The bottles could also explode if the pressure was too great. Hiram Codd devised a patented bottling machine while working at a small mineral water works in
11305-504: The tagline "Hip Hop is different on the mountain". The label released its first full-length album release, When Fish Ride Bicycles by the hip hop group The Cool Kids , on 12 June 2011. Sponsorship of action sports athletes has been a part of Mountain Dew marketing since the late 1990s, with present sponsorship including Eli Reed (skateboarder), Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder), and Danny Davis (snowboarder). Mountain Dew also sponsors its own namesake festival, " The Dew Tour ", which
11424-515: The town of Marion for their role in the history of Mountain Dew. "Mountain Dew" was originally Southern and/or Scots-Irish slang for moonshine (i.e., homemade whiskey or poitín ), as referenced in the Irish folk song " The Rare Old Mountain Dew ", dating from 1882. Using it as the name for the soda was originally suggested by Carl E. Retzke at an Owens-Illinois Inc . meeting in Toledo, Ohio , and
11543-467: The tropical areas of South Asia and Africa. As the quinine powder was so bitter people began mixing the powder with soda and sugar, and a basic tonic water was created. The first commercial tonic water was produced in 1858. The mixed drink gin and tonic also originated in British colonial India , when the British population would mix their medicinal quinine tonic with gin . A persistent problem in
11662-484: The two developed their own. Originally a 19th-century slang term for whiskey, especially Highland Scotch whisky , the Mountain Dew name was trademarked for the soft drink in 1948. Charles Gordon, who had partnered with William Swartz to bottle and promote Dr. Enuf , was introduced to Mountain Dew when he met the Hartman brothers on a train and they offered him a sample. Gordon and the Hartman brothers subsequently made
11781-400: The use of soda powders in its commercial manufacture) is the major and defining component of most soft drinks. Priestley found that water treated in this manner had a pleasant taste, and he offered it to his friends as a refreshing drink. In 1772, Priestley published a paper entitled Impregnating Water with Fixed Air in which he describes dripping oil of vitriol (or sulfuric acid as it
11900-413: The use of artistic works on Mountain Dew packaging . In June 2010, a contest entitled "Green Label Art: Shop Series" was announced, involving 35 independent skateboard store owners who partnered with local artists to design and submit future can artwork designs. Approximately one million votes were submitted by the conclusion of the contest in October of the same year, with Street Science Skate Shop –
12019-533: The video-gaming subculture, Mountain Dew introduced a new flavor variant (citrus cherry) with the Game Fuel name. Coinciding with the release of the Xbox 360 game Halo 3 , Mountain Dew Game Fuel sported a label that was almost entirely image-based, showing promotional artwork for the game and featuring the game series' main character Master Chief prominently. This variant remained on shelves for 12 weeks, and
12138-425: The winning flavor. It was officially released on 29 December 2008. According to Beverage Digest , sales of DEWmocracy flavors totaled 25 million cases in 2008. Mountain Dew announced a continuation of the DEWmocracy campaign – referred to as "DEWmocracy 2" – which launched in July 2009. A marked difference between DEWmocracy 2 and its predecessor was the wider range of online voting methods, expanding beyond
12257-437: The word "syrup" was derived from Arabic . In Tudor England , 'water imperial' was widely drunk; it was a sweetened drink with lemon flavor and containing cream of tartar . 'Manays Cryste' was a sweetened cordial flavored with rosewater, violets or cinnamon. Another early type of soft drink was lemonade , made of water and lemon juice sweetened with honey, but without carbonated water. The Compagnie des Limonadiers of Paris
12376-481: Was a brand-new Diet flavor created specifically for the promotion - Flare (berry/citrus-flavored). Each of the eight flavors was available for tasting at specific tour locations, and special cans were also mailed to some Dew Labs members. Also similar to the DEWmocracy campaign, those who taste-tested the Diet flavors were asked to go online and vote for which flavors they thought should be permanently sold in stores. After
12495-550: Was announced as the winner. Mountain Dew White Out was released for sale on 4 October 2010. A limited production White Out Slurpee (Mtn Dew White Out Freeze) was made available at 7-Eleven stores beginning in January 2011. In July 2011, Mountain Dew Typhoon was re-released briefly in 2-liter form; in June 2022, it was re-released on the Mountain Dew online store. In 2007, after using the term "Game Fuel" to market their sodas to
12614-438: Was designated the official drink supplier and sold over a million bottles of lemonade, ginger beer, Seltzer water and soda-water. There was a Schweppes soda water fountain, situated directly at the entrance to the exhibition. Mixer drinks became popular in the second half of the century. Tonic water was originally quinine added to water as a prophylactic against malaria and was consumed by British officials stationed in
12733-401: Was discontinued afterwards. Two years later, the website for the popular MMORPG World of Warcraft stated that two Mountain Dew Game Fuel flavors would be sold in June 2009 and would promote the game. Shortly afterwards, the bottle art was released, and showed that the two flavors would promote different player races in the game. One of the two was exactly the same citrus cherry flavor from
12852-421: Was first trademarked by Ally and Barney Hartman in the 1940s. Early bottles and signage carried the reference forward by showing a cartoon -stylized hillbilly . The first sketches of the original Mountain Dew bottle labels were devised in 1948 by John Brichetto, and the representation on product packaging has changed at multiple points in the history of the beverage. PepsiCo (then The Pepsi-Cola Company) acquired
12971-449: Was granted a monopoly for the sale of lemonade soft drinks in 1676. Vendors carried tanks of lemonade on their backs and dispensed cups of the soft drink to Parisians. Carbonated drinks or fizzy drinks are beverages that consist mainly of carbonated water . The dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in a liquid , gives rise to effervescence or fizz . Carbon dioxide is only weakly soluble in water; therefore, it separates into
13090-526: Was introduced in 1988, followed by Mountain Dew Red, which was introduced and discontinued in 1988. In 2001, a cherry -flavored variant called Code Red debuted. Expansions of the product line have continued to this day, including specialty offerings, limited time productions, region-specific and retailer-specific flavors of Mountain Dew. Production was extended to the United Kingdom in 1996, but
13209-493: Was later purchased by Hewlett Packard Enterprise in 2016. All SGI hardware produced after 2007 is based on either IA-64 or x86-64 architecture, so it is incapable of running IRIX and is instead intended for Red Hat Enterprise Linux or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . HPE has not stated any plans for IRIX development or source code release. IRIX 6.5 is compliant with UNIX System V Release 4, UNIX 95 , and POSIX (including 1e/2c draft 15 ACLs and Capabilities). In
13328-493: Was named because the person who discovered the worm was drinking this version of Mountain Dew at the time. In the musical Be More Chill , green Mountain Dew activates the "squip", a tiny super-computer in a pill that tells the user what to do, in order to help them achieve their goals. Mountain Dew Red shuts them off. In the musical, it is said that this is the reason for Mountain Dew Red being discontinued. Soft drink A soft drink (see § Terminology for other names)
13447-568: Was not long before flavoring was combined with carbonated water. The earliest reference to carbonated ginger beer is in a Practical Treatise on Brewing . published in 1809. The drinking of either natural or artificial mineral water was considered at the time to be a healthy practice, and was promoted by advocates of temperance . Pharmacists selling mineral waters began to add herbs and chemicals to unflavored mineral water. They used birch bark (see birch beer ), dandelion , sarsaparilla root , fruit extracts, and other substances. A variant of soda in
13566-513: Was often the subject of media attention for its popularity among video game enthusiasts, as several flavors of Mountain Dew have been produced in partnership with video games. In December 2008, Mountain Dew produced a 30-minute television special which documented independent gamers in Japan and the U.S., which aired on the Spike TV network. In 2009, Mountain Dew sponsored two prominent gaming events:
13685-587: Was phased out in 1998. A similarly named but different-tasting product, with a recipe more similar to the original American product has been sold in the U.K. under the name "Mountain Dew Energy" since 2010 and in Ireland since the spring of 2011, but in 2015 it was changed to "Mountain Dew Citrus Blast" to shift away from the energy drink marketing. As of 2017, Mountain Dew represented a 6.6% share of
13804-597: Was re-released under this new product line in April 2022. In 2023, Game Fuel returned with two flavors: Citrus Cherry and Mystic Punch. As was the case with the 2017 promotion, the two flavors promoted two different Xbox games (Citrus Cherry promoted Halo Infinite while Mystic Punch promoted Diablo IV ). Green Label is an online magazine, a partnership between Mountain Dew and Complex Media producing sponsored content covering action sports, music, art and style, housed at Green-Label.com . The site replaces several websites and
13923-507: Was released in many versions, many of which are coupled to the OS version. The last version was 7.4.4m, designed for 6.5.19 or later. The compiler is designed to support parallel POSIX programming in C/C++, Fortran 77/90, and Ada. The Workshop GUI IDE is used for development. Other tools include Speedshop for performance tuning, and Performance Co-Pilot . 4Dwm is the window manager component of
14042-568: Was sent to perform in Kodiak, Alaska , in a Walmart promotion. On 7 February 2016, for Super Bowl 50 , Mountain Dew aired a spot featuring a CGI character dubbed "the puppy monkey baby" (also styled PuppyMonkeyBaby). The promotion has garnered a wide amount of media coverage, both positive and negative. According to iSpot.tv, the spot was rated #1 of all the Super Bowl commercials of the night, having generated 2.2 million online views and 300,000 social media interactions after airing. The ad features
14161-406: Was sold with the same white caps with codes under them as the other flavors in the promotion. In January 2019, PepsiCo introduced a new line of Game Fuel drinks called Amp Game Fuel, since renamed to simply "Game Fuel". The can features a re-sealable lid. Game Fuel has 90 mg of caffeine and also includes theanine and vitamins A and B. The Citrus Cherry flavor from the original Game Fuel lineup
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