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76-587: The first Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers, formed in 1812, fought in the Argentine War of Independence under José de San Martín , and the Cisplatine War , subsequently becoming the Presidential bodyguard in 1825. Refusing to replenish its membership with soldiers who had not fought in the Argentine War of Independence , the regiment disbanded in 1826. The second Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers

152-788: A Cavalry officer in the Spanish Army . After studying the Argentine Army's organizational and strategic problems, he offered to put his experiences from the Peninsular War to use in assisting with the Argentine War for Independence. On March 12, the Superior Provisional Government gave an order that recognized and confirmed San Martin's services. The Triumvirate had written to the government asking that San Martin be appointed commander of

228-599: A Council of Regency, prelude to the Cortes of Cadiz , with political tendencies closer to Liberalism and Popular sovereignty than the former Junta of Seville. This began the May Revolution in Buenos Aires, as soon as the news was known. Several citizens thought that Cisneros, appointed by the disestablished Junta, did not have the right to rule anymore, and requested the convening of an open cabildo to discuss

304-448: A conservative policy, and had removed the radical supporters of the late Mariano Moreno who promoted the May Revolution and managed government the first months. However, a strong royalist conspiracy headed by Martín de Álzaga made them unite forces once more. Álzaga was defeated and executed, but Morenists returned to the political scene. The revolutionary war was reinforced by a number of Argentine-born officers who left Spain when

380-737: A military point of view; however, some months later, inspired on the Argentine example, Paraguay broke its links with the Spanish crown by declaring itself an independent nation: The undesired outcomes of the Paraguay and Upper Peru campaigns led the Junta to be replaced by an executive Triumvirate in September 1811. This new government decided to promote a new campaign to the Upper Peru with

456-669: A new one, the Primera Junta . Buenos Aires requested the other cities in the viceroyalty to acknowledge the new Junta and send deputies. The precise purpose of these deputies, join the Junta or create a congress, was unclear at the time and generated political disputes later. The Junta was initially resisted by all the main locations around Buenos Aires: Córdoba, Montevideo, Paraguay and the Upper Peru. Santiago de Liniers came out of his retirement in Córdoba and organized an army to capture Buenos Aires, Montevideo had naval supremacy over

532-921: A period of recruitment and training, the Second Mounted Grenadiers Squadron was decreed as ready on September 11, 1812, and the Third Mounted Grenadiers Squadron followed in December 1812. By this time, the First Triumvirate had been disbanded as a result of the Revolution of October 8, 1812 , which had been supported by the Second Squadron. San Martin was given the title of Commander of the Mounted Grenadiers . When

608-511: A regular military brass band and a mounted band. When mounted on horseback, the band features trumpets, helicons, tubas, euphoniums, baritones, trombones, 1 wagner tuba , 1 flugelhorn, 4 timpani and 1 glockenspiel, and is led by the two Bandleaders with their batons. When performing on the ground, the band features trumpets, valve trombones, mellophones, tubas, baritones, euphoniums, 1 wagner tuba, 1 flugelhorn, 1 snare drum, 1-2 bass drums, cymbals, 1 glockenspiel, and field snare drums (formerly with

684-584: A reorganized Army of the North and appointed José de San Martín , a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars who had recently arrived from Spain, as lieutenant colonel. San Martín was ordered to create the professional and disciplined cavalry unit known as Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers ( Spanish : Granaderos a caballo ): General Manuel Belgrano was appointed as the new commander of the Army of the North. Facing

760-629: Is an annual holiday in Argentina to commemorate the First National Government (and the creation of the Primera Junta ), one of the significant events in the history of Argentina . These and other events of the week leading to this day are referred to as the Semana de Mayo (May Week). Revolution of October 8, 1812 The Revolution of October 8, 1812 ( Spanish : Revolución del 8 de octubre de 1812 ) took place during

836-528: Is usually translated to English as "Creole", despite being unrelated to most other Creole peoples ). Although they were all considered Spanish, and there were no legal distinctions between Criollos and Peninsulares, most Criollos thought that Peninsulares had undue influence in political matters. The ideas of the American and French Revolutions , and the Age of Enlightenment , promoted desires of social change among

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912-683: The Argentine War of Independence . Led by José de San Martín and Carlos María de Alvear , it deposed the First Triumvirate and allowed the creation of the Second Triumvirate , which called the Assembly of Year XIII . The First Triumvirate was a government of three members that ruled Argentina during the Argentine War of Independence , after the fall of the Junta Grande , which had many members. The Triumvirate had

988-708: The Army of the North to prepare a new invasion of the Upper Peru . However, he quickly resigned as he foresaw yet another defeat. Instead, he developed a new strategy to attack the Viceroyalty of Perú through the Captaincy of Chile , inspired on the writings of Sir Thomas Maitland , who was quoted as saying that the only way to defeat the Spanish at Quito and Lima was attacking Chile first. San Martín asked to become

1064-895: The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral , where its founder's remains are buried, and at the Palace of the Argentine National Congress . In June 2023, the Argentine Rugby Union released an away kit for the Argentina national rugby union team (mostly known as Los Pumas ) which was inspired by the uniform of the Mounted Grenadiers Regiment. The away kit was worn at the 2023 Rugby World Cup . Officers Enlisted and NCOs Established in 1929 as

1140-574: The Mapuches . On April 4, Argentine Colonel Juan Gregorio de Las Heras had occupied Concepción , but the Royalists retreated to Talcahuano. In early 1818, Royalist reinforcements from the Viceroyalty of Peru arrived, commanded by general Mariano Osorio , and advanced towards the capital. San Martín then turned to scorched earth tactics and ordered the evacuation of Concepción, which he thought

1216-519: The Peninsular War was nearing a total French victory. The most notable of them were José de San Martín and Carlos María de Alvear . They organized a local wing of the Lodge of Rational Knights from Cádiz , and quickly headed the local military forces. Both the Morenist peoples and the new military group opposed the conservative policy of the First Triumvirate, and wanted a government that fostered

1292-642: The Spanish crown . On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucumán , declaring independence with provisions for a national constitution . The territory of modern Argentina was part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , with its capital city in Buenos Aires , seat of government of the Spanish viceroy . Modern Uruguay , Paraguay and Bolivia were also part of

1368-554: The Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata , and elected Gervasio Antonio de Posadas for that role. One of the first actions of Posadas was to create a naval fleet from scratch, which was to be financed by Juan Larrea , and appointed William Brown as lieutenant colonel and chief commander of it, on March 1, 1814. Against all the odds, on 14 May 1814 the improvised patriot navy engaged

1444-519: The further actions of the United Army into Peru were carried on under the authority of the Chilean government, not the United Provinces. However, defensive actions continued to be carried on in the northern frontier of the United Provinces until the 1825 Battle of Ayacucho , which ended the royalist threat from the Upper Peru. The Día de la Revolución de Mayo ( May Revolution Day) on May 25

1520-482: The "Mounted Grenadiers Regiment" officially came into existence on December 7, 1812, San Martin was promoted to colonel and the unit relocated to improved quarters and better stables. Its Fourth Squadron was raised three years later, in 1815. On February 3, 1813, the regiment won the only battle of the Argentine War of Independence led by San Martin. The regiment had proceeded to the town of San Lorenzo in Santa Fe on

1596-451: The 1st and 2nd Squadrons. Assisted by now Lieutenant Colonel Mariano Necochea, the regiment prepared itself for the liberation of Chile from Spanish rule and thus, together with the newly formed mounted rifle squadron with Necochea as its commanding officer, raised with 300 Horse Grenadiers, formed part of the Army of the Andes with San Martin himself as its commanding general. It rode towards

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1672-652: The Americas as regent, but nothing came out of it because of the lack of support from both the Spanish Americans and the British. Javier de Elío created a Junta in Montevideo and Martín de Álzaga sought to make a similar move by organizing a mutiny in Buenos Aires, but the local military forces intervened and thwarted it. Spain appointed a new viceroy, Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros , and Liniers handed

1748-605: The Buenos Aires Junta to cross the Desaguadero River , taking the offensive into the Viceroyalty of Peru domains, but his proposal was rejected. His army and Goyeneche's stationed near the frontier, while negotiating. Goyeneche advanced and defeated Castelli at the Battle of Huaqui , whose forces dispersed and left the provinces. The resistance of patriot republiqueta guerrillas of Upper Peru, however, kept

1824-709: The Chilean border as part of the Crossing of the Andes in the late summer of 1817, and upon reaching Chile, fought bravely in the Battle of Chacabuco in February, later distinguishing themselves the following year in the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada and the Battle of Maipú . The regiment, thus, was witness to the Chilean Declaration of Independence in Santiago on 12 February 1818, one year after

1900-550: The Cordoba counter-revolution on 6 August 1810, but, instead of executing them as he was instructed, he sent them back to Buenos Aires as prisoners. As a result, Ocampo was demoted and Juan José Castelli was appointed as the political head of the army. On 26 August, Castelli executed the Cordoba prisoners and led the Army of the North towards the Upper Peru: After securing the loyalty of the northwestern Provinces to

1976-703: The Governor of the Province of Cuyo , where he prepared the Chile campaign. Installed in the city of Mendoza , San Martín reorganized the Granaderos cavalry unit into the Army of the Andes , which he created out of patriots from both the United Provinces and exiles from Chile. In early 1817, San Martín led the crossing of the Andes into Chile, obtaining a decisive victory at the battle of Chacabuco on February 17, 1817, and took Santiago de Chile , where he refused

2052-621: The Grenadiers the role of "presidential escort, protocol and security". The unit itself has never seen combat ever since, although during the Malvinas War eight conscripts and two first corporals from the regiment were seconded to units in the Malvinas and two were wounded in combat. An adhoc troop from the regiment, originally planned for deployment, was placed on reserve in the mainland. Six machine gun detachments did see service in

2128-465: The Islas Malvinas, as well as six machine gun detachments being attached to the 1st Infantry Regiment Los Patricios during that conflict. The original regiment was founded by Argentine national hero José de San Martín in 1812. Its first military action was the Battle of San Lorenzo (1813). The regiment also played a key role as part of the Army of the Andes ( Ejército de los Andes ) in

2204-743: The Malvinas, being attached to the 1st Infantry Regiment . At present, the regiment acts as the Presidential Honor Guard regiment and fulfills ceremonial protocol functions. It is the caretaker of the Casa Rosada , the Argentine Presidential Palace at the eastern end of the famous Plaza de Mayo . The regiment also takes on ceremonial and security duties at the various residences of the President of Argentina nationwide. The Regiment also mounts guard at

2280-581: The May Revolution through elections of representatives to the Junta in Buenos Aires, Castelli sent General Antonio González Balcarce into the Upper Peru, but he was defeated at the battle of Cotagaita . Castelli then sent him reinforcements, leading to the first patriotic victory at the battle of Suipacha , which gave Buenos Aires control over the Upper Peru. The royalist generals Vicente Nieto , Francisco de Paula Sanz and José de Córdoba y Rojas were captured and executed. Castelli then proposed to

2356-524: The Mounted Grenadiers Regiment became a model for the Argentine Army. Rigorous military discipline, especially in maneuvers, training and parade drills were a defining characteristic of the regiment. The San Martin Code of Honor , still used today by the regiment, set out the rules expected to be followed by each member of the Mounted Grenadiers. San Martin used the Code of Honor in recruiting, training, and leading what became an effective fighting force. Based on

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2432-587: The Mounted Grenadiers Squadron, which was about to be raised. San Martin set out to form a new cavalry corps that would be patterned after the Swiss Army's Mounted Grenadiers. His goal was to create a unit made up of native soldiers trained in cavalry tactics and mounted combat skills that could effectively support the Argentine Army. Over the next several months, he built what became known as the "Mounted Grenadiers Squadron". The new unit

2508-846: The Provinces (including three Upper Peru departments but excluding representatives from Santa Fe , Entre Ríos , Corrientes and the Banda Oriental , united into the Federal League ) met at the Congress of Tucumán and declared the Independence of the United Provinces in South America from the Spanish Crown, with provisions for a national Constitution. In 1814, General José de San Martín had taken command of

2584-403: The Spanish commander, Antonio Zabala, on February 4, San Martin persuaded the Spanish force to defect to the Argentine cause. On his return, San Martin was congratulated by Eastern Bank independence leader José Gervasio Artigas on his first victory. The Second Triumvirate promoted San Martin to General and gave him command of the Buenos Aires garrison forces. The next assignment for the regiment

2660-448: The Spanish fleet and defeated it three days later. This action secured the port of Buenos Aires and allowed the fall of Montevideo, which could not stand the siege any more, on 20 June 1814. The fall of Montevideo eliminated the royalist menace from the Banda Oriental and meant the actual end of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. Soon afterwards, William Brown was awarded the rank of admiral, and Carlos María de Alvear , who

2736-406: The absence of the rightful king sovereignty returned to the people, which would be capable to appoint their own leaders. They did not agree on who was that people, and which territorial extension had the sovereignty. Royalists thought that it applied to the people on European Spain, who had the right to rule over all the Spanish empire . The leaders of the May Revolution thought that it applied to all

2812-404: The battles for Upper Peru, the 1st and 2nd Squadrons witnessed the events of the Yatasto relay within days after their arrival. On August that same year, 1814, San Martin assumed the office of provincial governor of Cuyo Province fronting the Chilean border, and the Regiment set up its new home in the province the next year with the 3rd and 4th Squadrons moving there, followed in the next year by

2888-432: The battles of Chacabuco (1817) and Maipú (1818) in Chile. Traveling to Perú, Ecuador, and Bolivia, the Grenadiers took part in the Battles of Riobamba, Pichincha (1822) and Ayacucho (1824), and in the Cisplatine War. The size of the regiment fell to 120 men and it was disbanded in 1827. When then Lt. Col. of Cavalry Jose de San Martin arrived on March 9, 1812, the First Triumvirate recognized him for his services as

2964-437: The battles of Vilcapugio and Ayohuma and retreated to Jujuy: In early 1812, the truce between Buenos Aires and Montevideo was over, and Manuel de Sarratea led an army to the Banda Oriental, but he was soon replaced by José Rondeau , who initiated a second siege of Montevideo . Although royalist Gaspar de Vigodet sought to break the siege, he was defeated at the Battle of Cerrito . The Spanish navy then sought to evade

3040-587: The bugles or trumpets), and is led by the Bandleaders and a Drum Major (when mounted he serves as the Band Trumpet Major, who serves as the senior trumpeter). Argentine War of Independence Argentine victory Royalists [REDACTED] Spanish Monarchy The Argentine War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de Argentina ) was a secessionist civil war fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano , Juan José Castelli , Martin Miguel de Guemes and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to

3116-470: The capitals of Spanish kingdoms. José Gervasio Artigas would lead later a third perspective: the retroversion applied to all regions, which should remain united under a confederative system. The three groups battled one another, but the disputes about the national organization of Argentina (either centralist or confederal) continued in Argentine Civil War , for many years after the end of the war of independence. The Primera Junta sent military campaigns to

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3192-429: The city, and Vicente Nieto organized the actions at the Upper Peru. Nieto proposed to José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa , viceroy of the Viceroyalty of Peru at the North, to annex the Upper Peru to it. He thought that the revolution could be easily contained in Buenos Aires, before launching a definitive attack. Buenos Aires was declared a rogue city by the Council of Regency, which appointed Montevideo as capital of

3268-410: The command of the troops entirely to San Martín in a meeting on the plains of Maipú. Then, on April 5, 1818, San Martín inflicted a decisive defeat on Osorio in the Battle of Maipú , after which the depleted royalists retreated to Concepcion, never again to launch a major offensive against Santiago. The Chile campaign is generally considered to be the conclusion of the Argentine War of Independence, as

3344-586: The concept of "leading by example", in private life as well as military life, the Regiment's Code of Honor included discipline, courage, and a commitment to training. The Code incorporated fourteen specific points, which stated that it was unbecoming of an officer in the regiment: Sometime later, San Martín wrote a short poem honoring his Grenadiers: De lo que mis Granaderos son capaces, solo lo sé yo. Quien los iguale habrá; quien los exceda, no. Of what my Grenadiers are capable, Only I know. Who can equal them there will be; Who can exceed them, not. After

3420-419: The criollos. The full prohibition imposed by Spain to trade with other nations was also seen as damaging to the viceroyalty's economy. The population of Buenos Aires was highly militarized during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata , part of the Anglo-Spanish War . Buenos Aires was captured in 1806, and then liberated by Santiago de Liniers with forces from Montevideo. Fearing a counter-attack, all

3496-429: The east, in the Banda Oriental . In the second half of the decade, with the capture of Montevideo and the stalemate in Upper Peru, the conflict moved to the west, to Chile. The first two military campaigns ordered by the revolutionary Junta in Buenos Aires were launched against Cordoba , where former Viceroy Santiago de Liniers organized a counter-revolution , and the Intendency of Paraguay , which did not recognize

3572-441: The end of the British threat. The transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil generated military concern. It was feared that the British would launch a third attack, this time allied with Portugal. However, no military conflict took place, as when the Peninsular War started Britain and Portugal became allies of Spain against France. When the Spanish king Ferdinand VII was captured, his sister Carlota Joaquina sought to rule in

3648-404: The enemy". Moments later, Lieutenant Bouchard killed the Spanish flag bearer, completing the rout of the Spanish forces. The battle lasted only 15 minutes, but left 40 Spanish dead and 16 wounded or captured, and 16 Argentine dead and 22 wounded. The Argentine force also seized two cannons. San Martin ensured that the Spanish wounded and captured were treated humanely. After having breakfast with

3724-402: The fate of the local government. The military gave their support to the request, forcing Cisneros to accept. The discussion ruled the removal of viceroy Cisneros and his replacement with a government junta , but the cabildo attempted to keep Cisneros in power by appointing him president of such junta. Further demonstrations ensued, and the Junta was forced to resign immediately. It was replaced by

3800-402: The government to him without resistance, despite the proposals of the military to reject him. The military conflict in Spain worsened by 1810. The city of Seville had been invaded by French armies, which were already dominating most of the Iberian Peninsula. The Junta of Seville was disestablished, and several members fled to Cádiz, the last portion of Spain still resisting. They established

3876-454: The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment , such as the early Primera Junta headed by Moreno. The revolution was caused by the end of the terms of Manuel de Sarratea and Feliciano Chiclana , as Juan Martín de Pueyrredón promoted antimorenist new members, Manuel Obligado and Pedro Medrano . The people organized a riot all across the city, headed by Bernardo de Monteagudo , and attacked the houses of Pueyrredón and Bernardino Rivadavia . At

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3952-416: The land blockade by raiding nearby populations on the west bank of the Uruguay river. On 31 January 1813, Spanish troops from Montevideo landed near the town of San Lorenzo , Santa Fe Province, but it was absolutely defeated by the Granaderos unit led by San Martín on February 3. The Battle of San Lorenzo ended further Spanish raids on the west bank of the Paraná river and the Triumvirate awarded San Martín

4028-417: The military did not intervene in the conflict to take the government by force, or to promote someone from their ranks, but to guarantee that the popular will was respected. Thus, the Cabildo elected a new triumvirate, the Second Triumvirate . Nicolás Rodríguez Peña was appointed by 172 votes against 12, Antonio Álvarez Jonte by 147 against 35, and Juan José Paso by 96 against 87. The new triumvirate called

4104-402: The musical support unit of the Mounted Grenadiers Regiment, this is one of the many military bands in the service of the Argentine Army, and one of the Army's few cavalry mounted bands. Like the bands of the British Army's Royal Armoured Corps and Household Cavalry, and the French Army's Cavalry Branch and the French National Gendarmerie's Republican Guard Cavalry Regiment, the band plays as both

4180-408: The night of October 7, a military unit headed by San Martín and Alvear stationed in front of the Buenos Aires Cabildo , in support of the popular request. The Cabildo closed the assembly that was about to elect Obligado and Medrano, and took government again. There were rumors that San Martín or Alvear would be appointed in place of the Triumvirate, but they denied any appointment. They declared that

4256-406: The offer of the governorship of Chile in favour of Bernardo O'Higgins (who became supreme director) because he did not wish to be diverted from his main objective, the capture of Lima . O'Higgins installed a new independent government . In December 1817, a popular referendum was set up to decide about the Independence of Chile. However, Royalist resistance persisted in southern Chile, allied with

4332-412: The officiality did not recognize this and remained loyal to Rondeau: The unsuccessful outcome of the third Upper Peru campaign would spread rumors in Europe that the May Revolution was over. Furthermore, King Ferdinand VII was restored to the Spanish throne on 1813, so an urgent decision was needed regarding the political status of the United Provinces. On July 9, 1816, an assembly of representatives of

4408-474: The other. The 12 remaining men from the regiment formed a reserve platoon. San Martin's troops charged the Spanish battalion, followed by Bermudez bringing up a second charge. San Martin fell from his horse after it was wounded, but was rescued by Juan Bautista Cabral and Juan Bautista Baigorria , two men from his regiment. Cabral was mortally wounded in the process and San Martín reported that Cabral's dying words (in Guarani) were: "I die happy, we have defeated

4484-417: The outcome of events at the May Revolution. However, the improvised army gathered by Liniers at Cordoba deserted him before battle, so the former Viceroy attempted to flee to the Upper Peru , expecting to join the royalist army sent from the Viceroyalty of Peru to suffocate the revolution at Buenos Aires. Colonel Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo , who led the patriot army, captured Liniers and the other leaders of

4560-435: The overwhelming invasion of a royalist army led by General Pío de Tristán , Belgrano turned to scorched-earth tactics and ordered the evacuation of the people of Jujuy and Salta , and the burning of anything else left behind to prevent enemy forces from getting supplies or taking prisoners from those cities. This action is known as the Jujuy Exodus . Turning against the Triumvirate orders, however, Belgrano decided to fight

4636-420: The population of Buenos Aires capable of bearing arms was arranged in military bodies, including slaves. A new British attack in 1807 captured Montevideo, but was defeated in Buenos Aires, and forced to leave the viceroyalty. The viceroy Rafael de Sobremonte was successfully deposed by the criollos during the conflict, and the Regiment of Patricians became a highly influential force in local politics, even after

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4712-483: The previous day to stop an advance landing party of 250 Spanish troops from marching on the capital. The regiment was joined by a militia company led by Celedonio Escalada. Setting up camp at a convent in the town, they remained overnight. At dawn the next day, the regiment assembled in front of the convent. San Martin mounted, addressed the troops, and ordered his squadrons to set off in two 60-man columns. San Martin led one column; Captain Justo Bermudez, from Uruguay, led

4788-431: The rank of general. The Granaderos unit was instrumental in the Revolution of October 8, 1812 which deposed the government and installed a new Triumvirate , considered to be more committed to the cause of Independence. In fact, this second Triumvirate convened a national assembly which was meant to declare Independence. The Assembly, however, first decided replace the Triumvirate with a new unipersonal Executive office,

4864-408: The royalists at Tucumán , obtaining a great victory and then decisively defeating the royalist army at the Battle of Salta , in northwestern Argentina, forcing the bulk of the royalist army to surrender their weapons. Tristán (a former fellow student with Belgrano at Salamanca University ) and his men were granted amnesty and released. Then again, the patriot army was defeated into the Upper Peru at

4940-444: The royalists at bay, hampering any serious advance to the south: The other militia sent by Buenos Aires was commanded by Manuel Belgrano and made its way up the Paraná River towards the Intendency of Paraguay. A first battle was fought at Campichuelo , where the Patriots claimed victory. However, they were completely overwhelmed at the subsequent battles of Paraguarí and Tacuarí . Thus, this campaign ended in failure as well from

5016-405: The viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, and Francisco Javier de Elío the new viceroy. However, the May Revolution was not initially separatist. Patriots supported the legitimacy of the Juntas in the Americas, while royalists supported instead the Council of Regency; both acted on behalf of Ferdinand VII. All of them believed that, according to the retroversion of the sovereignty to the people , in

5092-416: The viceroyalty, and began their push for autonomy during the conflict, becoming independent states afterwards. The vast area of the territory and slow communications led most populated areas to become isolated from each other. The wealthiest regions of the viceroyalty were in Upper Peru (modern-day Bolivia). Salta and Córdoba had closer ties with Upper Peru than with Buenos Aires. Similarly, Mendoza in

5168-409: The viceroyalty, in order to secure support to the new authorities and retain the authority held as the capital of the viceroyalty. The victories and defeats of the military conflict delimited the areas of influence of the new United Provinces of the Río de la Plata . With the non-aggression pact arranged with Paraguay early on, most of the initial conflict took place in the north, in Upper Peru , and in

5244-408: The victory in the Chacabuco fields. On May 25, 1903, the Regiment was reinstated after President of Argentina Julio Argentino Roca signed a decree that recognised the Mounted Grenadies as a "permanent unit of the Army", also stating they would wear "the historic uniform of the Regiment that had fought in the Wars of Independence". Three years later, Roca's successor, José Figueroa Alcorta , assigned

5320-412: The west had closer ties with the Captaincy General of Chile , although the Andes mountain range was a natural barrier. Buenos Aires and Montevideo , who had a local rivalry, located in the La Plata Basin , had naval communications allowing them to be more in contact with European ideas and economic advances than the inland populations living in provinces such as Tierra del Fuego and Chaco . Paraguay

5396-438: Was defense duties in an area that is modern day Montevideo , Uruguay along with supporting the Army of the North. The First and Second Squadrons joined the Argentine army in Tucuman in January 1814, remaining in northern Upper Peru until 1816, while the Third and Fourth Squadrons were involved in the campaign of liberation in the Banda Oriental, becoming part of the forces that took the city in June 1814. In their performance in

5472-568: Was formed on May 25, 1903, by then President of Argentina Julio Argentino Roca , and serves as the national ceremonial unit. It claims the original regiment of 1812 as its heritage, but has no direct link or lineage. This incarnation of the regiment is also known as the General Jose de San Martin Cavalry Regiment . As a unit, it has never been in combat, although ten members of the regiment were seconded to other units which fought in

5548-480: Was impossible to defend. On 18 February 1818, the first anniversary of the battle of Chacabuco, Chile declared its independence from the Spanish Crown. On March 18, 1818, Osorio led a surprise attack on the joint Argentine-Chilean army , which had to retreat to Santiago, with heavy losses. In fact, among the confusion, Supreme Director O'Higgins was thought to be killed, and panic seized the patriot camp. Crippled after his defeat at Cancha Rayada, O'Higgins delegated

5624-587: Was isolated from all other regions. In the political structure most authoritative positions were filled by people designated by the Spanish monarchy, most of them Spanish people from Europe, also known as peninsulares , without a strong commitment for South American problems or interests. This created a growing rivalry between the Criollos , white people born in Latin America, and the peninsulares , Spanish people who arrived from Europe (the term "Criollo"

5700-468: Was led by two commanders and eight officers of cavalry . Non-commissioned officers and enlisted troops numbered nine cavalry sergeants , three cavalry corporals , 31 cavalry grenadiers and one cavalry trumpeter. Officers and commanders of the Squadron 1st Cavalry Troop officers 2nd Cavalry Troop officers The strict training regimen and rules of conduct established by Jose de San Martin for

5776-569: Was put in charge of the siege of Montevideo just a few days before the surrender of the city, succeeded his uncle Gervasio Posadas as the Supreme Director of the United Provinces, on January 11, 1815. Alvear, however, was resisted by the troops, so he was quickly replaced, on April 21, by Ignacio Álvarez Thomas through a mutiny. Álvarez Thomas then appointed Alvear as general of the Northern Army, in replacement of José Rondeau, but

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