49-453: The Move Forward Party ( Thai : พรรคก้าวไกล , RTGS : Phak Kao Klai , pronounced [pʰák kâːw klāj] ) was a social democratic and progressive political party in Thailand . Its flagship agenda was to amend Thailand's strict lèse-majesté laws , which forbid the insult of the monarchy. It opposed the remaining influence of the military junta which ruled
98-411: A dialect continuum . Thai language is spoken by over 69 million people (2020). Moreover, most Thais in the northern (Lanna) and the northeastern (Isan) parts of the country today are bilingual speakers of Central Thai and their respective regional dialects because Central Thai is the language of television, education, news reporting, and all forms of media. A recent research found that the speakers of
147-652: A populist platform, since some of the platform was drawn from Thaksin Shinawatra's populist Thai Rak Thai party and the People's Power Party. The party has a strong base in Buriram Province . On 15 December 2008, the party endorsed the Democrat Party , forming a six-party coalition government under Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva . The party's " de facto " leader and power broker behind joining
196-565: A second language among the country's minority ethnic groups from the mid-late Ayutthaya period onward. Ethnic minorities today are predominantly bilingual, speaking Thai alongside their native language or dialect. Standard Thai is classified as one of the Chiang Saen languages—others being Northern Thai , Southern Thai and numerous smaller languages, which together with the Northwestern Tai and Lao-Phutai languages, form
245-533: A four-way distinction among stops and affricates . The maximal four-way occurred in labials ( /p pʰ b ʔb/ ) and denti-alveolars ( /t tʰ d ʔd/ ); the three-way distinction among velars ( /k kʰ ɡ/ ) and palatals ( /tɕ tɕʰ dʑ/ ), with the glottalized member of each set apparently missing. The major change between old and modern Thai was due to voicing distinction losses and the concomitant tone split . This may have happened between about 1300 and 1600 CE, possibly occurring at different times in different parts of
294-591: A main BJT canvasser, Suban Chiraphanwanit, was shot dead. Eventually, BJT won 34 of the 500 seats in the House of Representatives, which observers have interpreted as disappointing. Subsequently, the party's Matchima -faction, led by Somsak Thepsuthin , tried to join the Pheu-Thai-led coalition government of Prime Minister-designate Yingluck Shinawatra , despite the party's ruling out cooperation with Pheu Thai before
343-647: A party general meeting, Chaithawat Tulathon was elected as the new leader of the Move Forward Party to succeed Pita Limjaroenrat, who stepped down earlier this month due to continuing uncertainty about his status as an MP. Apichart Sirisunthon was appointed as the new secretary-general, taking over from Mr Chaithawat. Additionally, Mr. Pita assumed the role of chairman in a newly formed three-member advisory group. Phicharn Chaowapattanawong, Nattawut Buaprathum, Supisan Phakdeenarunat and Sirikanya Tansakun were named deputy party leaders and Parit Watcharasindhu as
392-530: A syllable that formerly began with a voiceless consonant (including glottalized stops). An additional complication is that formerly voiceless unaspirated stops/affricates (original /p t k tɕ ʔb ʔd/ ) also caused original tone 1 to lower, but had no such effect on original tones 2 or 3. The above consonant mergers and tone splits account for the complex relationship between spelling and sound in modern Thai. Modern "low"-class consonants were voiced in Old Thai, and
441-576: Is a Tai language of the Kra–Dai language family spoken by the Central Thai , Mon , Lao Wiang , Phuan people in Central Thailand and the vast majority of Thai Chinese enclaves throughout the country. It is the sole official language of Thailand . Thai is the most spoken of over 60 languages of Thailand by both number of native and overall speakers. Over half of its vocabulary
490-523: Is derived from or borrowed from Pali , Sanskrit , Mon and Old Khmer . It is a tonal and analytic language . Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers . Spoken Thai, depending on standard sociolinguistic factors such as age, gender, class, spatial proximity, and the urban/rural divide, is partly mutually intelligible with Lao , Isan , and some fellow Thai topolects . These languages are written with slightly different scripts, but are linguistically similar and effectively form
539-651: Is the People's Party (พรรคประชาชน), not to be confused with the People's Party (คณะราษฎร), with Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut as the party leader. The Move Forward Party was a progressive centre-left political party. They were known for their pro-democracy platform and their aim to remove military influence in Thai politics. The party's base of support mainly consisted of young and educated urbanites mostly found in Bangkok and its populous suburbs. Some of their policies included
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#1732780758917588-466: The Northern Thai language (also known as Phasa Mueang or Kham Mueang) have become so few, as most people in northern Thailand now invariably speak Standard Thai, so that they are now using mostly Central Thai words and only seasoning their speech with the "Kham Mueang" accent. Standard Thai is based on the register of the educated classes by Central Thai and ethnic minorities in the area along
637-521: The Southwestern branch of Tai languages . The Tai languages are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family , which encompasses a large number of indigenous languages spoken in an arc from Hainan and Guangxi south through Laos and Northern Vietnam to the Cambodian border. Standard Thai is the principal language of education and government and spoken throughout Thailand. The standard is based on
686-406: The constitution of Thailand , a three-fourth majority vote within the party is required to expel a party member . The case of Wuttiphong Thonglour garnered majority agreement and he was promptly expelled. The case of Chaiyamparwaan Manpianjit, did not attain a sufficient vote, disciplinary action was taken against Chaiyamparwaan Manpianjit, which included a public apology and financial compensation to
735-545: The Constitutional Court on whether the party's lèse-majesté policies were constitutional, the MFP was confident that the court would side with them. However, the ruling by the Constitutional Court on 31 January ruled that the party and its leaders violated Thailand's constitution through its campaign to amend the country's strict lèse-majesté laws. The nine-member court ruled unanimously that the MFP's attempts to amend
784-909: The Democrat-led coalition is Newin Chidchob . Due to his role as an executive of the PPP predecessor party, the Thai Rak Thai party which was dissolved in 2007, he became ineligible to be a party member for five years. It is alleged that army commander and co-leader of the 2006 coup, General Anupong Paochinda , coerced the MPs of the Friends of Newin Group faction in the PPP to endorse a Democrat Party-led coalition. This secured enough parliamentary votes to allow Abhisit to be elected prime minister. Bhumjaithai
833-616: The Future Forward Party. Thai political activist and member of the Palang Pracharath Party , Ruangkrai Leekitwattana , has said he was preparing to go to the election commission (EC) on 1 February to seek the party's dissolution. Ruangkrai had previously twice petitioned the EC in 2023 to dissolve the party over it attempts the amend Section 112, and also filed the complaint against Pita over his iTV shares. Due to
882-504: The Khmer system first before the Thai borrowed. Old Thai had a three-way tone distinction on "live syllables" (those not ending in a stop), with no possible distinction on "dead syllables" (those ending in a stop, i.e. either /p/, /t/, /k/ or the glottal stop that automatically closes syllables otherwise ending in a short vowel). There was a two-way voiced vs. voiceless distinction among all fricative and sonorant consonants, and up to
931-467: The Move Forward Party, based on the court's ruling. In August 2024, the Constitutional Court ruled for the dissolution of the party as well as a 10-year-long ban from politics on eleven former and current party executives. The 143 party-affiliated lawmakers serving in the Thai parliament can retain their seats, but must find a new party within 60 days. The succeeding party of the Move Forward party
980-717: The Senate, where he faced the most opposition, he received 13 votes. Shortly after this, several protests were held in Bangkok in support of Move Forward and Pita, with smaller protests taking place in Phuket. On 19 July, Pita was suspended from being a MP by the Constitutional Court of Thailand over his shares in the defunct broadcaster ITV he inherited from his father Pongsak Limjaroenrat. While this did not disqualify him from becoming prime minister, Parliament decided on
1029-491: The Thai-speaking area. All voiced–voiceless pairs of consonants lost the voicing distinction: However, in the process of these mergers, the former distinction of voice was transferred into a new set of tonal distinctions. In essence, every tone in Old Thai split into two new tones, with a lower-pitched tone corresponding to a syllable that formerly began with a voiced consonant, and a higher-pitched tone corresponding to
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#17327807589171078-545: The coalition controlled a majority in the lower house, this was not enough to secure the premiership as under the military-drafted constitution, the prime minister is elected by both the elected lower house and the military-appointed senate, and Pita lost his bid to become prime minister on 13 July 2023 after failing to secure enough votes in Parliament. He received 324 votes, 51 votes short of the 375 vote threshold. He also received 182 votes against him with 199 abstentions. In
1127-558: The country from 2014 to 2019. It was founded in 2014 as the Ruam Pattana Chart Thai Party ( Thai : พรรคร่วมพัฒนาชาติไทย ) and later changed its name to the Phung Luang Party ( Thai : พรรคผึ้งหลวง ), but after the 2019 Thai general election , reverted to its original name. It obtained its current name in 2020 after becoming the de facto successor to the dissolved Future Forward Party . The party
1176-492: The court's ruling, the EC must accept Ruangkrai's petition as it represented a breach of Section 92 of the Political Parties Act which stated that the EC must propose any party's dissolution to the Constitutional Court after an act deemed hostile to the monarchy. The former election commissioner, Somchai Srisutthiyakorn, said that dissolution faces several consquencies for party executives responsible for proposing
1225-545: The dialect of the central Thai people, and it is written in the Thai script . Hlai languages Kam-Sui languages Kra languages Be language Northern Tai languages Central Tai languages Khamti language Tai Lue language Shan language others Northern Thai language Thai language Southern Thai language Tai Yo language Phuthai language Lao language (PDR Lao, Isan language ) Thai has undergone various historical sound changes. Some of
1274-473: The eight-party coalition and instead attempt to form a coalition that excludes Move Forward. On 15 August, Chaithawat Tulathon announced that the party would not vote of a Pheu Thai candidate for prime minister. This was a result of Pheu Thai planning to expand its coalition to include more conservative parties, such as Bhumjaithai , and parties that supported the military junta, such as United Thai Nation and Palang Pracharat , with Move Forward stating that it
1323-841: The elections. The Pheu Thai Party rejected the participation of BJT members. On 14 September 2012, Anuthin Charnvirakul was elected the new leader of the Bhumjaithai Party during the party's general assembly to elect a new 11-member executive committee. He replaced his father Chaovarat Chanweerakul , who had resigned. Also elected were Saksayam Chidchob as the new secretary-general, Nathee Ratchakijprakarn as treasurer, Sora-ath Klinprathum as an executive committee member and party advisory chairman, and Supamas Issarapakdi as party spokeswoman. Bhumjaithai Party combines elements of conservatism , populism , and economic liberalism in its policy platform. The party's approach to governance
1372-417: The law amounted to an attempt to overthrow the monarchy. The court ordered the party to "stop any act, opinion expression via speech, writing, publishing or advertisement or conveying any message in other forms" that sought to amend the law. The issue had been petitioned to the court by Theerayut Suwannakasorn. According to CNN , the ruling opened the way for the party's dissolution, similar to its predecessor
1421-856: The legalisation of same-sex marriage, economic equality, social welfare programs, devolution of government, scrapping military conscription, seeking a referendum concerning the rewriting of the constitution , and reforming the monarchy. It also aimed to amend Thailand's strict lèse-majesté laws and supports scrutinizing the royal budget. In 2023, the party ran on a platform emphasizing the "3Ds" of demilitarization , demonopolization , and decentralization , which Limjaroenrat said would lead to democratization, peace process, and reform. Social policy Economic policy Welfare policy Education policy Move Forward has been led by Chaithawat Tulathon from 23 September 2023 to 7 August 2024. Since 23 September 2023: Thai language Thai , or Central Thai (historically Siamese ; Thai: ภาษาไทย ),
1470-528: The local patois as pronounced in Guangdong Ayutthaya , the old capital of Thailand from 1351 - 1767 A.D., was from the beginning a bilingual society, speaking Thai and Khmer . Bilingualism must have been strengthened and maintained for some time by the great number of Khmer-speaking captives the Thais took from Angkor Thom after their victories in 1369, 1388 and 1431. Gradually toward the end of
1519-531: The monarchy. The ruling also opens the possibility that no political party in Thailand could ever legally push for amending the law. Munin Pongsapan, associate professor at Thammasat University's Faculty of Law, said that it "effectively mean that the lese majeste law would become untouchable." In March 2024, Election Commission of Thailand approved a resolution requesting the Constitutional Court to disband
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1568-551: The most significant changes occurred during the evolution from Old Thai to modern Thai. The Thai writing system has an eight-century history and many of these changes, especially in consonants and tones, are evidenced in the modern orthography . According to a Chinese source, during the Ming dynasty , Yingya Shenglan (1405–1433), Ma Huan reported on the language of the Xiānluó (暹羅) or Ayutthaya Kingdom, saying that it somewhat resembled
1617-475: The party became a de facto successor to the Future Forward Party , which had been dissolved by a controversial Constitutional Court order, as following the decision, 55 of Future Forward's 65 MPs (led by Pita Limjaroenrat ) announced their plan to join. They vowed to continue the progressive and anti-junta agenda of Future Forward. The party's name was then changed to Move Forward, along with
1666-403: The party's spokesperson. Two MFP MPs, Wuttiphong Thonglour of Prachinburi province and Chaiyamparwaan Manpianjit of Bangkok, were found guilty of sexual assault. After a meeting between the party executive committee members and MPs, MFP leader Chaithawat Tulathon announced that the party had reached a consensus, agreeing that the two members found guilty should be expelled from the party. As per
1715-415: The period, a language shift took place. Khmer fell out of use. Both Thai and Khmer descendants whose great-grand parents or earlier ancestors were bilingual came to use only Thai. In the process of language shift, an abundance of Khmer elements were transferred into Thai and permeated all aspects of the language. Consequently, the Thai of the late Ayutthaya Period which later became Ratanakosin or Bangkok Thai,
1764-457: The policy in 2021. In response, MFP lawmaker Wiroj Lakkhanaadisorn said that the movement to amend the lèse-majesté laws would continue even if the party is dissolved, saying that "the word 'party' has already become an ideology". Chaithawat Tulathon said that the verdict risked the monarchy becoming a bigger point of conflict in Thai politics, while Pita told reports after the ruling that the party's policy wasn't meant to cause any deterioration to
1813-463: The release of a new logo similar to that of Future Forward. The party won 36.23 percent of the vote in the 2023 general election , gaining 151 seats and becoming the largest party in the House of Representatives , which caused a major electoral upset . Following this success, MFP and seven other parties announced the formation of a coalition aiming to form a government with Pita as prime minister. While
1862-519: The ring surrounding the Metropolis . In addition to Central Thai, Thailand is home to other related Tai languages . Although most linguists classify these dialects as related but distinct languages, native speakers often identify them as regional variants or dialects of the "same" Thai language, or as "different kinds of Thai". As a dominant language in all aspects of society in Thailand, Thai initially saw gradual and later widespread adoption as
1911-492: The royal vocabulary according to their immediate environment. Thai and Pali, the latter from Theravada Buddhism, were added to the vocabulary. An investigation of the Ayutthaya Rajasap reveals that three languages, Thai, Khmer and Khmero-Indic were at work closely both in formulaic expressions and in normal discourse. In fact, Khmero-Indic may be classified in the same category as Khmer because Indic had been adapted to
1960-546: The same day that parliamentary regulations did not allow re-nomination of a failed candidate. Move Forward had previously stated that should it become clear it will not win, the party would instead allow coalition partner Pheu Thai Party , who won the second most votes in the 2023 election, to nominate their own candidate, most likely Paetongtarn Shinawatra or Srettha Thavisin . After holding talks with other parties, who expressed unwillingness to support any coalition including Move Forward, Pheu Thai announced that it would break up
2009-535: The terminology "low" reflects the lower tone variants that resulted. Modern "mid"-class consonants were voiceless unaspirated stops or affricates in Old Thai—precisely the class that triggered lowering in original tone 1 but not tones 2 or 3. Modern "high"-class consonants were the remaining voiceless consonants in Old Thai (voiceless fricatives, voiceless sonorants, voiceless aspirated stops). The three most common tone "marks" (the lack of any tone mark, as well as
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2058-580: The three tones of Old Thai were split have since merged into five in standard Thai, with the lower variant of former tone 2 merging with the higher variant of former tone 3, becoming the modern "falling" tone. หม ม หน น, ณ หญ ญ หง ง ป ผ พ, ภ บ ฏ, ต ฐ, ถ ท, ธ ฎ, ด จ ฉ ช Bhumjaithai Party Bhumjaithai Party ( BJT ; Thai : พรรคภูมิใจไทย , RTGS : Phak Phumchai Thai , IPA: [pʰák pʰuːm.t͡ɕaj tʰaj] ; lit. ' Thai Pride Party ' )
2107-423: The two marks termed mai ek and mai tho ) represent the three tones of Old Thai, and the complex relationship between tone mark and actual tone is due to the various tonal changes since then. Since the tone split, the tones have changed in actual representation to the point that the former relationship between lower and higher tonal variants has been completely obscured. Furthermore, the six tones that resulted after
2156-404: The victim. However, Chaiyamparwaan was later expelled from the party due to allegations of revealing the victim's identity, thereby violating the conditions set forth by the Move Forward Party. On 24 January 2024, the Constitutional Court of Thailand acquitted former Move Forward Party leader Pita Limjaroenrat of owning shares in the defunct media company iTV . In the run-up for a verdict by
2205-453: Was a thorough mixture of Thai and Khmer. There were more Khmer words in use than Tai cognates. Khmer grammatical rules were used actively to coin new disyllabic and polysyllabic words and phrases. Khmer expressions, sayings, and proverbs were expressed in Thai through transference. Thais borrowed both the Royal vocabulary and rules to enlarge the vocabulary from Khmer. The Thais later developed
2254-486: Was dissolved by the Constitutional Court on 7 August 2024 for violating the constitution by proposing an amendment of a law against insulting the monarchy known as Article 112. The party is succeeded by the People's Party ( พรรคประชาชน ), with Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut as the party leader. The party was officially founded on 1 May 2014 as the Ruam Pattana Chart Thai Party. In early 2020,
2303-589: Was founded on 5 November 2008, in anticipation of the 2 December 2008 Constitutional Court of Thailand ruling that dissolved its " de facto predecessor", the Neutral Democratic Party , along with the People's Power Party (PPP), and the Thai Nation Party . After the dissolutions, former members of the Neutral Democratic Party and former members of the PPP faction, the Friends of Newin Group defected to this party. Bhumjaithai has
2352-434: Was not the will of the people. On 25 August, Sripatum University and D-vote published a poll results conducted between 22 and 24 August on the topic of "If there is an election today, Which party will you vote for?". Move Forward has gained a significant amount of support by over 62.39% since Pheu Thai split with Move Forward in the government formation and formed a government with pro-junta parties. On 23 September 2023 at
2401-464: Was the second largest coalition partner in the Abhisit government , supplying the ministers of Transport , Commerce , and Interior ( Chaovarat Chanweerakul ), and four deputy ministers. For the general election on 3 July 2011 , Bhumjaithai forged an alliance with coalition partner Chartthaipattana Party . The party aimed at winning as many as 111 seats in the new parliament. During the campaign,
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