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93-581: The Mochi Gate locally known as Mochi Darwaza ( موچی دروازہ ) is located in the south of the Walled City of Lahore between Akbari Gate and Shah Alam Gate in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . It is one of the thirteen gates of the Walled City of Lahore which were built during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar and were connected with a thirty feet high fortified wall for guarding

186-456: A grain market at the city's easternmost edge - a grain market that still exists in the present day. During his reign, Mughal nobles were encouraged to build palaces and gardens in and around Lahore, and many of Lahore's first haveli mansions date from this period. European visitors in the 16th and 17th centuries described the city as populous, with bazaars stocking valuable goods. Akbar's court chronicler, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak , described

279-590: A Mughal-era mosque, and influenced construction of the larger Wazir Khan Mosque a few decades later. The Sunheri Mosque ( Urdu : سنہری مسجد , or Golden Mosque ), also known as the Talai Mosque , is a late Mughal architecture -era mosque in Lahore's walled city that is named in honour of its gilded domes. Unlike the Wazir Khan Mosque and Badshahi Mosque which were built at the zenith of

372-599: A decorative element. He built for himself a haveli in the old city near the Shah Alami Bazaar called the Peri Mahal , or "Fairy Palace." He also laid a pleasure garden south of the Walled City known as Nakhla Bagh , where he also built for himself a baradari . Shah Jahan's son, Emperor Aurangzeb , built the largest Mughal monument in Lahore, the iconic Badshahi Mosque . Emperor Aurangzeb also ordered

465-576: A descendant of Prakrit. Punjabi emerged as an Apabhramsha, a degenerated form of Prakrit, in the 7th century AD and became stable by the 10th century. The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to the Nath Yogi -era from 9th to 14th century. The language of these compositions is morphologically closer to Shauraseni Apbhramsa , though vocabulary and rhythm is surcharged with extreme colloquialism and folklore. Writing in 1317–1318, Amir Khusrau referred to

558-465: A girls' school since the British colonial-era. The Shahi Hammam ( Urdu : شاہی حمام ; "Royal Baths" ), is a Persian-style bath which was built in 1635 C.E. during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan . The Shahi Hammam is noted for its extensive embellishment with Mughal-era frescoes that have recently been restored. The baths were built to serve as a waqf , or endowment, for the maintenance of

651-458: A larger masterplan. During the Jahangir period, the city grew rapidly. Lahore's suburban areas extended up to 5 kilometres from the Walled City. Empress Nur Jahan and her family built a number of residences and gardens within the Walled City, and outside of the city walls in the suburbs during this period. Her practice of building garden-residences successfully wove a culture of gardens into

744-534: A liberal approach. Through Persian, Punjabi also absorbed many Arabic-derived words like dukān , ġazal and more, as well as Turkic words like qēncī , sōġāt , etc. After the fall of the Sikh empire , Urdu was made the official language of Punjab under the British (in Pakistani Punjab , it is still the primary official language) and influenced the language as well. In the second millennium , Punjabi

837-529: A pedestrianised area located on the Fort Road within the walled city that is dedicated to culinary stalls and restaurants specialising Lahori cuisine . The street has colourful lights and views of Badshahi Mosque and is near the Roshnai Gate Punjabi language Europe North America Oceania Punjabi , sometimes spelled Panjabi , is an Indo-Aryan language native to

930-706: A word will be pronounced, and vice versa. Tone is often reduced or rarely deleted when words are said with emphasis or on their own as a form of more exact identification. Sequences with the consonant h have some additional gimmicks: The consonant h on its own is now silent or very weakly pronounced except word-initially. However, certain dialects which exert stronger tone, particularly more northern Punjabi varieties and Dogri , pronounce h as very faint (thus tonal) in all cases. E.g. hatth > àtth . The Jhangvi and Shahpuri dialects of Punjabi (as they transition into Saraiki ) show comparatively less realisation of tone than other Punjabi varieties, and do not induce

1023-650: Is a Mughal era mosque built in 1671-73 that is located west of Lahore Fort , and fronts the fort across the Hazuri Bagh quadrangle. The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jama Masjid in Delhi , India , which was built in 1648 by Aurangzeb's father and predecessor, Shah Jahan . Badshahi Mosque was commissioned by Emperor Aurangzeb in 1671, with construction of

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1116-585: Is a baradari of white marble located in the Hazuri Bagh quadrangle, which forms the space between the Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort , and the Badshahi Mosque . It was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh , Sikh ruler of Punjab in 1818. The pavilion consisted of two storeys until it was damaged by lightning in 1932. The Fort Road Food Street ( Urdu : سڑک خوراک - روشنائی دروازہ ) is

1209-473: Is a citadel at the northern end of Lahore's Walled City that spreads over an area greater than 20 hectares . It contains 21 notable monuments, some of which date to the era of Emperor Akbar . Some of its monuments are famous sites themselves, including the white marble Naulakha Pavilion , the Sheesh Mahal ( "Palace of Mirrors" ), Pearl Mosque , and the fort's massive Picture Wall . The Lahore Fort

1302-592: Is a 15th-century mosque built during the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate . Neevin Mosque is notable for its foundation 25 feet below street level. The mosque is further noted for being one of Lahore's few remaining pre- Mughal monuments. The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh ( Urdu : رنجیت سنگھ کی سمادھی ) is a 19th-century shrine that houses the funerary urns of the Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh (1780 - 1839). It

1395-779: Is a 17th-century mosque near the Delhi Gate and Chitta Gate that was commissioned during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as part of an ensemble of buildings that also included the nearby Shahi Hammam baths. Construction of Wazir Khan Mosque began in 1634 C.E. , and was completed in 1641. Considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque, Wazir Khan Mosque is renowned for its intricate faience tile work known as kashi-kari , as well as its interior surfaces that are almost entirely embellished with elaborate Mughal-era frescoes . The mosque has been under extensive restoration since 2009 under

1488-482: Is a tendency with speakers to insert /ɪ̯/ between adjacent "a"-vowels as a separator. This usually changes to /ʊ̯/ if either vowel is nasalised. Note: for the tonal stops, refer to the next section about Tone. The three retroflex consonants /ɳ, ɽ, ɭ/ do not occur initially, and the nasals [ŋ, ɲ] most commonly occur as allophones of /n/ in clusters with velars and palatals (there are few exceptions). The well-established phoneme /ʃ/ may be realised allophonically as

1581-436: Is always written as نگ . Like Hindustani , the diphthongs /əɪ/ and /əʊ/ have mostly disappeared, but are still retained in some dialects. Phonotactically , long vowels /aː, iː, uː/ are treated as doubles of their short vowel counterparts /ə, ɪ, ʊ/ rather than separate phonemes. Hence, diphthongs like ai and au get monophthongised into /eː/ and /oː/, and āi and āu into /ɛː/ and /ɔː/ respectively. The phoneme /j/

1674-696: Is cognate with Sanskrit áp ( अप् ) and with the Av- of Avon . The historical Punjab region , now divided between India and Pakistan, is defined physiographically by the Indus River and these five tributaries . One of the five, the Beas River , is a tributary of another, the Sutlej . Punjabi developed from Prakrit languages and later Apabhraṃśa ( Sanskrit : अपभ्रंश , 'deviated' or 'non-grammatical speech') From 600 BC, Sanskrit developed as

1767-570: Is identical to the Urdu alphabet , however various attempts have been made to create certain, distinct characters from a modification of the Persian Nastaʿlīq characters to represent Punjabi phonology , not already found in the Urdu alphabet . In Pakistan, Punjabi loans technical words from Persian and Arabic , just like Urdu does. Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan ,

1860-488: Is located adjacent the Lahore Fort and Badshahi Mosque , as well the Gurdwara Dera Sahib which marks the spot where the 5th guru of Sikhism , Guru Arjan Dev , died. Gurdwara Dera Sahib ( Urdu : گوردوارہ ڈیہرا صاحب ) commemorates the spot where the 5th guru of Sikhism , Guru Arjan Dev , died in 1606. Construction of the building was started by Kharak Singh on the spot where he was cremated , and

1953-489: Is notable for having been almost entirely rebuilt in the 17th century, when the Mughal Empire was at the height of its splendour and opulence. In 1981, the fort was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its "outstanding repertoire " of Mughal monuments dating from the era when the empire was at its artistic and aesthetic zenith . The Badshahi Mosque ( Urdu : بادشاہی مسجد , or "Imperial Mosque" )

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2046-1105: Is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora , particularly in Canada , the United Kingdom , the United States , Australia , and the Gulf states . In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet , based on the Perso-Arabic script ; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet , based on the Indic scripts . Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone . The word Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi ) has been derived from

2139-654: Is the Mohalla Shia, where the traditional Shia of Lahore still gather annually, at Muharram (first lunar month of the Islamic calendar) and Safar (second lunar month of the Islamic calendar) to carry out the Majaalis (Shia religious gatherings) and Maatum (self-chest-beating) to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and Imam Hassan , the grandsons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . A number of Imaam Bargahs in

2232-452: Is very fluid in Punjabi. /j/ is only truly pronounced word-initially (even then it often becomes /d͡ʒ/), where it is otherwise /ɪ/ or /i/. Unusually for an Indo-Aryan language, Punjabi distinguishes lexical tones . Three tones are distinguished in Punjabi (some sources have described these as tone contours, given in parentheses): low (high-falling), high (low-rising), and level (neutral or middle). The transcriptions and tone annotations in

2325-577: Is widely used in the TV and entertainment industry of Pakistan, which is mainly produced in Lahore . The Standard Punjabi used in India and Pakistan have slight differences. In India, it discludes many of the dialect-specific features of Majhi. In Pakistan, the standard is closer to the Majhi spoken in the urban parts of Lahore. "Eastern Punjabi" refers to the varieties of Punjabi spoken in Pakistani Punjab (specifically Northern Punjabi), most of Indian Punjab ,

2418-675: The Bhatti Gate . Many of the city's pre-Mughal tombs were built along the perimeter of this outline, including the Data Darbar shrine, the Tomb of Malik Ayaz, and the Aybak tomb. The modern Gumti Bazaar forms an arc along what may have been the southern boundary of the pre-Mughal city. By the time of Mughal rule , a majority of its residents did not live within the walled city itself, but instead lived in suburbs that had spread outside of

2511-565: The Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh , and Hazuri Bagh Baradari . They also refurbished the nearby Shalimar Gardens, while numerous gardens were laid outside the city walls by Sikh nobles. By the end of Sikh rule, most of Lahore's massive Mughal haveli compounds had been occupied by settlers. New neighbourhoods occasionally grew up entirely within the confines of an old Mughal haveli, such as the Mohallah Pathran Wali, which grew within

2604-465: The Hazara region , most of Azad Kashmir and small parts of Indian Punjab such as Fazilka . These include groups of dialects like Saraiki , Pahari-Pothwari , Hindko and the extinct Inku ; common dialects like Jhangvi , Shahpuri , Dhanni and Thali which are usually grouped under the term Jatki Punjabi; and the mixed variety of Punjabi and Sindhi called Khetrani . Depending on context,

2697-522: The Lahore Fort – now a UNESCO World Heritage Site , as well as the city's new reinforced walls. The Walled City was bestowed with numerous monuments during the Mughal era, with some of Lahore's most iconic structures being located in the Walled City, such as the lavishly decorated Wazir Khan Mosque , the massive Badshahi Mosque , and the Shahi Hammam . Under Sikh rule, the city was again selected as

2790-551: The Lahore Junction railway station outside the city's former walls, in a unique fortified style complete with turrets and crenellations , and loopholes for directing rifle fire. The Circular Garden which once encompassed the Walled City on three sides was established by 1892. The Walled City's Rang Mahal was used first as a school for the American Presbyterian Mission , before being used as

2883-758: The Majha region of the Punjab. In India , Punjabi is written in the Gurmukhī script in offices, schools, and media. Gurmukhi is the official standard script for Punjabi, though it is often unofficially written in the Latin scripts due to influence from English , one of India's two primary official languages at the Union -level. In Pakistan, Punjabi is generally written using the Shahmukhī script, which in literary standards,

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2976-679: The Mughal Empire in the 17th century, the Sunehri Mosque was built in 1753 when the empire was in decline. During Sikh rule, the mosque was seized by Sikh authorities and converted into a gurdwara , after a copy of the Guru Granth Sahib was installed in the mosque following Sikhs complaints that the Muslim call to prayer from the mosque was disturbing their religious ceremonies at a newly constructed baoli (stepped well) nearby. The Neevin Mosque ( Urdu : نیویں مسجد ),

3069-560: The Old City , forms the historic core of the city of Lahore in Punjab , Pakistan . The city was established around 1000 CE in the western half of the Walled City, which was fortified by a mud wall during the medieval era . It is the cultural centre of the Punjab region . The Walled City rose in prominence after being selected as the Mughal capital , which resulted in the construction of

3162-470: The Punjab region of Pakistan and India . It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world with approximately 150 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census , and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 census . It

3255-466: The Wazir Khan Mosque . No longer used as a hammam, the baths were restored between 2013 and 2015 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and the Walled City of Lahore Authority . The restoration project was given an Award of Merit by UNESCO in 2016 for the hammam's successful conservation which returned it to its "former prominence." The Hazuri Bagh Baradari ( Urdu : حضوری باغ بارہ دری )

3348-413: The h consonant itself and any voiced consonants appended with [h] (Gurmukhi: ੍ਹ "perī̃ hāhā" , Shahmukhi: ھ "dō-caśmī hē" ); usually ṛh , mh , nh , rh and lh . The five tonal plosives also become voiceless word-initially. E.g. ghar > kàr "house", ḍhōl > ṭṑl "drum" etc. Tonogenesis in Punjabi forfeits the sound of [h] for tone. Thus, the more [h] is realised, the less "tonal"

3441-503: The voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ] in learned clusters with retroflexes. Due to its foreign origin, it is often also realised as [s] , in e.g. shalwār /salᵊ.ʋaːɾᵊ/ . The phonemic status of the consonants /f, z, x, ɣ, q/ varies with familiarity with Hindustani norms, more so with the Gurmukhi script, with the pairs /f, pʰ/ , /z, d͡ʒ/ , /x, kʰ/ , /ɣ, g/ , and /q, k/ systematically distinguished in educated speech, /q/ being

3534-531: The 1947 riots that accompanied the Partition of British India , much of the area was burnt down, with rebuilding of the area beginning in 1949. Rebuilding was done in a contemporary style, rather than the historic style of the rest of the city, in order to widen streets and to create more commercial space. The convoluted and picturesque streets of the inner city remain almost intact, but the rapid demolition and frequently illegal rebuilding taking place throughout

3627-779: The 1981 and 2017 censuses respectively, speakers of the Western Punjabi 's Saraiki and Hindko varieties were no longer included in the total numbers for Punjabi, which explains the apparent decrease. Pothwari speakers however are included in the total numbers for Punjabi. Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab , and has the status of an additional official language in Haryana and Delhi. Some of its major urban centres in northern India are Amritsar , Ludhiana , Chandigarh , Jalandhar , Ambala , Patiala , Bathinda , Hoshiarpur , Firozpur and Delhi . In

3720-475: The 19th century from the Medieval Punjabi stage. Modern Punjabi has two main varieties, Western Punjabi and Eastern Punjabi , which have many dialects and forms, altogether spoken by over 150 million people. The Majhi dialect , which is transitional between the two main varieties, has been adopted as standard Punjabi in India and Pakistan for education and mass media. The Majhi dialect originated in

3813-684: The 2011 census of India, 31.14 million reported their language as Punjabi. The census publications group this with speakers of related "mother tongues" like Bagri and Bhateali to arrive at the figure of 33.12 million. Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries where Punjabi people have emigrated in large numbers, such as the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada. There were 670,000 native Punjabi speakers in Canada in 2021, 300,000 in

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3906-602: The Emperor Akbar ordered a palace to be built at what is now the Lahore Fort after shifting his capital to Lahore from Fatehpur Sikri . He also ordered rebuilt and fortified the city's walls, and ordered their extension east of the modern Shah Alami Bazaar to encompass an open plain known as the Rarra Maidan. Lahore's old gates were also built around this time. Akbar also established the Akbari Mandi as

3999-459: The Ghaznavid, Ghorid, and Delhi Sultanate periods, but was not widely mentioned until around 1400. Ibn Battuta knew of the city, but chose not to visit it, while Tamerlane spared the city destruction in his 1398 invasion, and delegated its sacking to a subordinate. The entire city of Lahore during the medieval Ghaznavid era was probably located west of the modern Shah Alami, and north of

4092-471: The Lahore Fort, settlements in the region have existed as early as 2,000 BCE. Lahore had many names throughout its history. Mohallah Maulian represents one of the two most probable sites of first the original Lahore. Though the modern city's founding may have been as early as 1000 CE, Lahore gained prominence only with the invasion of Muslim rulers from Central Asia. The city served as a capital during

4185-571: The Lahori Bazaar merges with Chowk Lahori Mandi, and Chowk Mati merges with Papar Mandi , which may outline the old fort. The Mughal period beginning in the Akbari period until the early 18th century most decisively determined the city's character. Mughal Emperors embellished the city with monuments, and the city accumulated monuments from several different periods - in contrast to Fatehpur Sikri or Old Delhi which were largely built during

4278-533: The Mughals was minimal, and most streets aside from major thoroughfares were privately maintained. The kotwal was imbued with the responsibility to manage day-to-day affairs in the city, and was subordinate to a Qazi judge. The local Mohalladar would surveil individual mohalla neighbourhoods, and register births and deaths within his mohallah. The positions were also maintained later during Sikh and British rule. Lahore's eminence largely began after 1584, when

4371-741: The Punjabis from West Pakistan, immigrants from East Punjab ( Haryana , Himachal Pradesh and Punjab , of India ) and Pashtuns. As of now, the population is 99% Muslims, comprising Punjabis , mostly. In the past two decades, there has been an ever-increasing Pashtun population, with traders arriving and settling from the KPK , and parts of Afghanistan. This part of Lahore is a bustling community, with history etched in every corner of its streets, and attracts people from all across Pakistan, both for tourism and business purposes. The Lahore Fort ( Punjabi and Urdu : شاہی قلعہ : Shahi Qila , or "Royal Fort" )

4464-463: The United Kingdom in 2011, 280,000 in the United States and smaller numbers in other countries. Standard Punjabi (sometimes referred to as Majhi) is the standard form of Punjabi used commonly in education and news broadcasting , and is based on the Majhi dialect . Such as the variety used on Google Translate , Standard Punjabi is also often used in official online services that employ Punjabi. It

4557-514: The United States found no evidence of a separate falling tone following a medial consonant. It is considered that these tones arose when voiced aspirated consonants ( gh, jh, ḍh, dh, bh ) lost their aspiration. In Punjabi, tone is induced by the loss of [h] in tonal consonants. Tonal consonants are any voiced aspirates /ʱ/ and the voiced glottal fricative /ɦ/ . These include the five voiced aspirated plosives bh , dh , ḍh , jh and gh (which are represented by their own letters in Gurmukhi),

4650-403: The Walled City, and was later buried in Shahdara Bagh. The Emperor Shah Jahan was born in Lahore in 1592, and bestowed the city with its famous Shalimar Gardens . By the time of his reign, six times as many Lahoris lived outside of the city walls than within. As a nobleman under Shah Jahan, Wazir Khan embarked on a program of architectural patronage. His first monumental project in the city

4743-422: The Walled City, with numerous citadels and suburbs depopulated. Instability hindered Lahore's progress until the arrival of Maharaja Ranjit Singh , who in 1799 made Lahore the Sikhs' administrative capital for the next 50 years, ruling from the Old City's Lahore Fort. Though the city's urban fabric lay in ruins by 1799, Sikh reconstruction from this era were based upon Mughal precedent. In 1812, they refurbished

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4836-545: The birthplace and childhood home of Guru Ram Das , the 4th Sikh gurus . The gurdwara is located in the Chuna Mandi Bazaar in the Walled City of Lahore, near the Lahore Fort , and Begum Shahi Mosque . The shrine is located along the Shahi Guzargah , or "Royal Passage" that began at Delhi Gate , and terminated at the Lahore Fort. There are many havelis inside the Walled City of Lahore, some in good condition while others need urgent attention. Many of these havlis are fine examples of Mughal and Sikh Architecture . Some of

4929-431: The capital, and the Walled City again rose in prominence with numerous religious buildings built in the Walled City at the time, including the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh , and the Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das . The Walled City today remains the cultural heart of Lahore, and is home to many of its tourist attractions. In 2012, the Pilot Urban Conservation and Infrastructure Improvement Project—the Shahi Guzargah Project

5022-449: The city as a "grand resort of all countries" with manufacturers that produced an astonishing variety of items. The Venetian traveler, Niccolao Manucci , described the city's bazaars as being packed with foreigners. During the reign of Emperor Jahangir , Lahore was still considered less important than the old Mughal capital of Agra , as evidenced by the construction of the Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah there rather than in Lahore. However,

5115-419: The city is causing the historic fabric to be eroded and replaced by inferior constructions. The Walled City of Lahore covers an area of 256 ha with a population of 200,000. Before partition, in 1947, the Walled City had a concentration of 48% Hindus , 38% Muslims and 12% Sikhs . Once Pakistan and India were formed - the area saw a mass exodus of Hindus and Sikhs, with the area now being populated primarily by

5208-479: The city's defenses and added a second circuit of walls around the city that largely followed the outline of walls from the Akbari period. Numerous Mughal monuments were damaged, desecrated, or destroyed during this period. Ranjit Singh and his descendant bestowed the Walled City with religious monuments such as the Gurdwara Dera Sahib , Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das , and Samadhi of Ranjit Singh , and numerous Hindu temples, as well as secular buildings such as

5301-405: The city's original "Delhi Gate", and previously opened directed onto Wazir Khan Chowk . During the British era, a new gate was built next to the Shahi Hammam , and new streets built in that area. The Shah Alami Bazaar area was once a largely Hindu quarter of the Walled City, and was the busiest and most densely populated part of the city where sunlight would rarely reach the street below. During

5394-436: The city's walls. Only 9 of the 36 urban quarters around Lahore, known as guzars , were located within the city's walls during the Akbar period. During this period, Lahore was closely tied to smaller market towns known as qasbahs , such as Kasur , Eminabad , and Batala in modern-day India . These, in turn, linked Lahore's markets to supply chains starting in villages surrounding each qasbah . Urban administration under

5487-405: The city. The gates were demolished during the British rule but were again constructed in early 1900s but during the riots of 1947 some gates were burnt down and some were demolished, Mochi Gate was one of them. The structure of the gate does not exist now but the streets, mohallah and buildings of high architectural value can still be seen in its streets. There are several traditions associated with

5580-419: The construction of the massive Alimgiri Gate at the Lahore Fort . He also improved civil infrastructure, and ordered the construction of the Alamgiri Bund - a channel built to divert the flow of the River Ravi . Following the collapse of Mughal rule, Lahore ceased to function as an imperial city. Trade abruptly stopped, and large areas of the city's suburbs were abandoned. By 1780, the city had fallen under

5673-415: The direction of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture and the Government of Punjab , with contributions from the governments of Germany , Norway , and the United States . The Begum Shahi Mosque ( Urdu : بیگم شاہی مسجد ) is an early 17th-century mosque that was built between 1611 and 1614 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in honour of his mother. It is Lahore's earliest surviving example of

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5766-419: The early 20th century, the Walled City's mohallahs came under the administration of British municipal laws which had only previously applied in Civil Station. The city of Lahore during the Ghaznavid era was probably located in the southwest portion of today's Walled City, with several of the city's pre-Mughal tombs built along the perimeter of this area. The Gumti Bazaar forms an arc along what may have been

5859-474: The early 20th century, the Walled City's mohallahs were incorporated into a new municipal administrative system. Several of the city's older Mughal and Sikh monuments were repurposed by British authorities during their early rule, as resources for planning and building new administrative buildings were scarce. The Tomb of Anarkali , for example, was appropriated first for office space, before its conversion in 1851 into an Anglican church until 1891. It thereafter

5952-415: The eleventh-most widely spoken in India , and also present in the Punjabi diaspora in various countries. Approximate distribution of native Punjabi speakers (inc. Lahndic dialects ) (assuming a rounded total of 157 million) worldwide. Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan , being the native language of 88.9 million people, or approximately 37% of the country's population. Beginning with

6045-420: The examples below are based on those provided in Punjabi University, Patiala 's Punjabi-English Dictionary . Level tone is found in about 75% of words and is described by some as absence of tone. There are also some words which are said to have rising tone in the first syllable and falling in the second. (Some writers describe this as a fourth tone.) However, a recent acoustic study of six Punjabi speakers in

6138-405: The fact that the different streets (mohallas) inside this gate still bear their old names like Mohalla Teer-garan (arrow craftsmen), Mohalla Kaman-garan (bow craftsmen). The bazaar around Mochi Gate is renowned for its shops of dried fruit , kites and fireworks . Mochi Gate is also known for ancient Mosque of Muhammad Saleh Kamboh , teacher of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb . Further inside

6231-418: The far-north of Rajasthan and on the northwestern border of Haryana . It includes the dialects of Majhi , Malwai , Doabi , Puadhi and the extinct Lubanki . Sometimes, Dogri and Kangri are grouped into this category. "Western Punjabi" or "Lahnda" ( لہندا , lit.   ' western ' ) is the name given to the diverse group of Punjabi varieties spoken in the majority of Pakistani Punjab ,

6324-415: The first location of Lahore's prestigious Forman Christian College in 1896. The British regarded the Walled City as a potential hotbed for disease and social instability, and instead focused development away from the Walled City, and into suburban areas to the south and east, where numerous British-era buildings now stand, along with the Lahore Cantonment - originally laid by British administrators. By

6417-431: The form of Havelis are situated here. Apart from their religious significance, some are a masterpiece depicting the architecture of their times. Mubarak Haveli , Nisar Haveli , Imam Bargh Akbar Ali Shah and Laal Haveli are, but a few examples. A Kebab Shop (Saeein Kabab Wala), two sweet marts (Fazal Sweets and Rafiq Sweets), a Traditional naan khatai bakers (Zahid Bakers) and an Old Khoo (water well) (Lal Khoo) are some of

6510-416: The havelis inside the Walled City include: The Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh ( Urdu : نو نہال سنگھ حویلی ) is considered to be one of the finest examples of Sikh architecture in Lahore, and is the only Sikh-era haveli that preserves its original ornamentation and architecture. The haveli is noted for its lavishly decorated western façade, displaying vivid Kangra -style painting. The site has been used as

6603-404: The importance of the city grew drastically with the presence of the Mughal Court, and the city's suburbs spread out more than 5 kilometres beyond the Walled City. The Emperor Jahangir was later buried in an extravagant tomb in the Shahdara Bagh across the River Ravi, whose construction was overseen by his wife, Nur Jahan . The family of Nur Jahan built several garden-residences within and around

6696-411: The installation of benches and lights and the planting of grass. Since then there is no maintenance is done so the park is now in a bad shape This article about a location in Lahore is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Walled City of Lahore The Walled City of Lahore ( Punjabi : اندرونِ شہر لہور ; Urdu : اندرونِ شہر لاہور , "Inner City of Lahore" ), also known as

6789-540: The language spoken by locals around the area of Lahore as Lahauri . The precursor stage of Punjabi between the 10th and 16th centuries is termed 'Old Punjabi', whilst the stage between the 16th and 19th centuries is termed as 'Medieval Punjabi'. The Arabic and Modern Persian influence in the historical Punjab region began with the late first millennium Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent . Since then, many Persian words have been incorporated into Punjabi (such as zamīn , śahir etc.) and are used with

6882-629: The latter three arise natively. Later, the letters ਜ਼ / ز , ਸ਼ / ش and ਫ਼ / ف began being used in English borrowings, with ਸ਼ / ش also used in Sanskrit borrowings . Punjabi has also had minor influence from and on neighbouring languages such as Sindhi , Haryanvi , Pashto and Hindustani . Note: In more formal contexts, hypercorrect Sanskritized versions of these words (ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ pradhān for ਪਰਧਾਨ pardhān and ਪਰਿਵਾਰ parivār for ਪਰਵਾਰ parvār ) may be used. Modern Punjabi emerged in

6975-471: The local boys. Mochi Bagh/Garden ( موچی باغ ) is Pakistan's most famous political rally spot. Mochi Baagh is located on the immediate right of Mochi Gate. Many renowned political leaders of Pakistan and the per-independence era have delivered speeches here. Until the late 1980s, it was commonly held that unless a politician could deliver a speech to a packed Mochi Baagh crowd s/he was not worth his/her political salt. Currently, Mochi Bagh has been spoiled by

7068-535: The mosque lasting for two years until 1673. The mosque is an important example of Mughal architecture , with an exterior that is decorated with carved red sandstone with marble inlay. It is the largest and most recent of the grand imperial mosques of the Mughal-era, and is the second-largest mosque in Pakistan . The mosque is now widely considered to be one of Lahore's most iconic landmarks. The Wazir Khan Mosque ( Urdu : مسجد وزیر خان ; Masjid Wazīr Kh ān )

7161-602: The most rarely pronounced. The retroflex lateral is most commonly analysed as an approximant as opposed to a flap . Some speakers soften the voiceless aspirates /t͡ʃʰ, pʰ, kʰ/ into fricatives /ɕ, f, x/ respectively. In rare cases, the /ɲ/ and /ŋ/ phonemes in Shahmukhi may be represented with letters from Sindhi . The /ɲ/ phoneme, which is more common than /ŋ/, is written as نی or نج depending on its phonetic preservation, e.g. نیاݨا /ɲaːɳaː/ (preserved ñ ) as opposed to کنج /kiɲd͡ʒ/ (assimilated into nj ). /ŋ/

7254-412: The name of this very gate. According to some historians, it is named after Moti, a guard of the gate during the Mughal era, who guarded and looked after the gate all his life. On the other hand however most historians agree that “Mochi” is the marred form of Urdu word “Morchi” which means “Trench Soldier”. The Governor's "Piada" units used to be stationed here. This origin of its name is further supported by

7347-474: The rapidly urbanizing city. Properties in the Walled City were often carved into smaller pieces over time. Inhabitants of the same building, and mohallah, were inhabited by members of different religions and castes. Though some neighbourhoods in the Walled City are named after individual groups, these areas did not remain homogeneous. During the British era, the city's eastern walls were shifted about 100 metres further east. Whereas Chitta Gate had served as

7440-403: The reign of a single Mughal Emperor. The Mughal city was divided into urban quarters known as guzārs . During the Akbari period, only 9 of Lahore's 26 guzārs were located within the boundaries of Lahore's city walls. Suburbs grew around the Walled City in areas to its east and south, and most was done in an ad hoc manner with concern paid to the developments immediate environment, rather than

7533-517: The right half of it being encroached upon by heavy duty truck drivers using it as a parking stand in violation of public area laws. In March 2007, the PHA (Parks and Horticultural Authority) announced that maintenance works would be carried out in Mochi Baagh. Works proposed include the construction of a 27x33 (feet) stage, maintenance of stairs around the park, setting up of fountains, jogging tracks,

7626-462: The ruins of a haveli of the same name that was built by Mian Khan. By 1831, all Mughal havelis in the Walled City had been encroached upon by the surrounding neighbourhood, leading to the modern-day absence of any Mughal havelis in Lahore. After the British captured Lahore from the Sikhs in 1846, annexation of the Punjab in 1849, the Walled City's administrative practices were largely maintained. By

7719-454: The rule of small Sikh states known as Misls . The city and its revenues were partitioned among 3 Sikh chiefs - Gujjar Singh , Lahna Singh , and Sobha Singh. Instability during the Misl period contributed to the rise of nearby Amritsar as a commercial centre. The city's population rapidly declined during this era, and the entire population of the city was said to live within the confines of

7812-541: The southern boundary of the pre-Mughal city. A mud fort is believed to have surrounded the medieval city, and may have been built by Malik Ayaz , the first Muslim governor of Lahore. As late as 1864, the Lahori Mandi area had been known as kacha kot , meaning "the mud fort," a name derived from the gradient of the land, the water flow, and the formation of mohallahs , kuchas , and kattrahs . The curve of Kucha Pir Bola . for example, merges with Waachowali Bazaar,

7905-465: The standard literary and administrative language and Prakrit languages evolved into many regional languages in different parts of India. All these languages are called Prakrit languages (Sanskrit: प्राकृत , prākṛta ) collectively. Paishachi Prakrit was one of these Prakrit languages, which was spoken in north and north-western India and Punjabi developed from this Prakrit. Later in northern India Paishachi Prakrit gave rise to Paishachi Apabhraṃśa ,

7998-539: The terms Eastern and Western Punjabi can simply refer to all the Punjabi varieties spoken in India and Pakistan respectively, whether or not they are linguistically Eastern/Western. While a vowel length distinction between short and long vowels exists, reflected in modern Gurmukhi orthographical conventions, it is secondary to the vowel quality contrast between centralised vowels /ɪ ə ʊ/ and peripheral vowels /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː/ in terms of phonetic significance. The peripheral vowels have nasal analogues . There

8091-576: The well known features of Mohalla Shia. In front of the Laal Haveli is the Mochi Bagh and Ground. This, until recently, was a lush green patch with shady trees, Half of it is barren now due to its landscaping to become a "speaker's corner" in the light of its history of it having numerous renowned political leaders addressing the crowds at this place. Now this Ground of Garden ( bagh ) is used for wedding ceremonies by locals and for playing cricket by

8184-581: The word Panj-āb , Persian for 'Five Waters', referring to the five major eastern tributaries of the Indus River . The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and was a translation of the Sanskrit name, Panchanada , which means 'Land of the Five Rivers'. Panj is cognate with Sanskrit pañca ( पञ्च ), Greek pénte ( πέντε ), and Lithuanian Penki , all of which meaning 'five'; āb

8277-514: Was lexically influenced by Portuguese (words like almārī ), Greek (words like dām ), Japanese (words like rikśā ), Chinese (words like cāh , līcī , lukāṭh ) and English (words like jajj , apīl , māsṭar ), though these influences have been minor in comparison to Persian and Arabic. In fact, the sounds / z / (ਜ਼ / ز ژ ذ ض ظ ), / ɣ / (ਗ਼ / غ ), / q / (ਕ਼ / ق ), / ʃ / (ਸ਼ / ش ), / x / (ਖ਼ / خ ) and / f / (ਫ਼ / ف ) are all borrowed from Persian, but in some instances

8370-401: Was completed by his youngest son, Duleep Singh in 1848. The gurdwara combines elements of Sikh , Hindu , and Islamic architecture . Portions of the building are believed to have been plundered from the adjacent Lahore Fort. The Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das ( Urdu : گردوارہ جنم استھان گورو رام داس ) is a gurdwara built atop the site traditionally believed to be the location of

8463-488: Was launched to restore a section of Shahi Guzargah ( "Royal Passage" ) between the Wazir Khan Mosque and Delhi Gate under the management of the Walled City of Lahore Authority . The first phase of the project was completed in 2015 with support from the governments of Norway and the United States of America . The origins of Lahore are vague. According to carbon dating evidence from archaeological finds in

8556-423: Was the Wazir Khan Mosque , built at the site of a simple pre-Mughal shrine. As Lahore's first monumental mosque, it is lavishly embellished with extensive fresco-work that synthesizes Mughal and Punjabi influences. It is now considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque. He also built two other mosques in the Walled City, as well as the Shahi Hammam - famous for its lavish use of frescoes as

8649-509: Was used once again for civil purposes as a document repository - a function which it serves until present day. Chauburji was used as a police station during British rule. Several other Mughal tombs were used as residences by high ranking British administrators. Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , British colonialists destroyed Lahore's city walls, as well as its gateways, though several were later rebuilt. The British built

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