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39-515: Manufactured using the original motherboard and all other core components of a previously purchased, genuine Apple laptop computer, the Modbook is able to run the Mac operating system unmodified and maintain the same level of compatibility with any Mac application , as the initial donor MacBook or MacBook Pro system. Commercial sales of the Modbook are, like every Mac conversion before it, protected in

78-742: A trash can ; and overlapping windows for multitasking . Before the arrival of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple's history of operating systems began with its Apple II computers in 1977, which run Apple DOS , ProDOS , and GS/OS ; the Apple III in 1980 runs Apple SOS ; and the Lisa in 1983 which runs Lisa OS and later MacWorks XL , a Macintosh emulator . Apple developed the Newton OS for its Newton personal digital assistant from 1993 to 1997. Apple launched several new operating systems based on

117-436: A 960GB SSD, with a SuperDrive and Intel HD 4000 graphics. The system can be bumped up to a 2.9 GHz Core i7 processor and additional storage options. The Modbook Pro is targeted at creative professionals looking for the power of a MacBook Pro running macOS , but in a pen -enabled tablet computer . The Modbook Pro X was conceived as a one-off, limited production run, starting off as a successful Kickstarter project at

156-495: A history that is largely independent of the classic Mac OS. It is a Unix -based operating system built on NeXTSTEP and other NeXT technology from the late 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company and its CEO Steve Jobs returned to Apple. Precursors to Mac OS X include OPENSTEP , Apple's Rhapsody project, and the Mac OS X Public Beta . macOS is based on Apple's open source Darwin operating system , which

195-432: A major update annually. It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other devices – iOS , iPadOS , watchOS , and tvOS . Prior to the introduction of Mac OS X, Apple experimented with several other concepts, releasing different products designed to bring the Macintosh interface or applications to Unix-like systems or vice versa, A/UX , MAE , and MkLinux . Apple's effort to expand upon and develop

234-577: A replacement for its classic Mac OS in the 1990s led to a few cancelled projects, code named Star Trek , Taligent , and Copland . Although the classic Mac OS and macOS (Mac OS X) have different architectures, they share a common set of GUI principles, including a menu bar across the top of the screen; the Finder shell , featuring a desktop metaphor that represents files and applications using icons and relates concepts like directories and file deletion to real-world objects like folders and

273-446: A replacement for the classic Mac OS , it was later spun off into a joint venture with IBM as part of the AIM alliance , with the purpose of building a competing platform to Microsoft Cairo and NeXTSTEP . The development process never worked, and has been cited as an example of a project death march . Apple pulled out of the project in 1995 before the code had been delivered. Copland

312-522: A serious business professional with specific skills on par with lawyers, accountants, doctors, and other workers who are perceived to be within a special class. The book describes the unique business and career issues for the individual creative worker. To date, most of the information about this growing phenomenon exists in book form. Many of the ideas and mechanisms are related to changes in copyright law, as described by Lawrence Lessig and Creative Commons . University education for creative professionals

351-770: A single FireWire port. Networking was supported with an integrated Gigabit Ethernet port, a Wi-Fi card that supports the 802.11 a/b/g/draft-n specification and Bluetooth . The Modbook could also be connected to an external display device using a Mini-DVI port (supports DVI, VGA, S-video, and composite video). Other features included a built-in CD/DVD or DVD burner , built-in iSight Camera, built-in Mounting Locks for use with VESA compatible mounting system , and an optional built-in WAAS Global Positioning System module. The top segments of

390-489: A slate-style form factor. The Modbook used the Apple MacBook Core 2 Duo White with speeds of 1.8 GHz and 2 GHz. Its pen support was based on Penabled Wacom digitizing technology and did not include touch input. The Axiotron Digitizer Pen featured 512 pressure levels, 2 programmable side buttons plus an eraser. The Modbook also was equipped with a new and improved LCD panel, more suited for use as

429-481: A succession of two major series. In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the classic Mac OS with its release of the original Macintosh System Software . The system, rebranded Mac OS in 1997, was pre-installed on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones shortly in the 1990s. It was noted for its ease of use, and also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors. The current Mac operating system

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468-457: A tablet computer, offering wider viewing angles and higher contrast colors compared to the original base MacBook display. The "AnyView" display was bonded to the "ForceGlass" screen cover, which was chemically strengthened to improve the durability of the screen and featured an etched surface to improve the response of the digitizer pen . Connectivity options on the Modbook were identical to the underlying MacBook and include two USB 2.0 ports and

507-410: Is macOS , originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016. It was developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of NeXT . It brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP , a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced, such as problems with memory management. The current macOS is pre-installed with every Mac and receives

546-621: Is a UNIX operating system with the Mac OS look and feel . It was not very competitive for its time, due in part to the crowded UNIX market and Macintosh hardware lacking high-end design features present on workstation -class computers. Most of its sales was to the U.S. government , where MacOS lacks POSIX compliance. The Macintosh Application Environment (MAE) is a software package introduced by Apple in 1994 that allows certain Unix -based computer workstations to run Macintosh applications. MAE uses

585-620: Is a person who is employed for the extraction of skills in creative endeavors. Creative professions include writing, art, design, theater, television, radio, motion pictures, related crafts, as well as marketing , strategy, scientific research and development, product development, engineering, some types of teaching and curriculum design, and more. Since many creative professionals (actors and writers, for example) are also employed in secondary professions, estimates of creative professionals are often inaccurate. By some estimates, approximately 10 million US workers are creative professionals; depending upon

624-598: Is a small embedded operating system which runs on the Macintosh Coprocessor Platform, an expansion card for the Macintosh. It is a single "overdesigned" hardware platform on which third-party vendors build practically any product, reducing the otherwise heavy workload of developing a NuBus -based expansion card . The first version of the system was ready for use in February 1988. In 1988, Apple released its first UNIX -based OS, A/UX , which

663-560: Is based on the XNU kernel and BSD . macOS is the basis for some of Apple's other operating systems, including iPhone OS / iOS , iPadOS , watchOS , tvOS , and visionOS . The first version of the system was released on March 24, 2001, supporting the Aqua user interface . Since then, several more versions adding newer features and technologies have been released. Since 2011, new releases have been offered annually. macOS 10.16's version number

702-771: Is characterized by its monolithic design. Initial versions of the System Software run one application at a time. System 5 introduced cooperative multitasking . System 7 supports 32-bit memory addressing and virtual memory , allowing larger programs. Later updates to the System 7 enable the transition to the PowerPC architecture. The system was considered user-friendly , but its architectural limitations were critiqued, such as limited memory management , lack of protected memory and access controls , and susceptibility to conflicts among extensions . Nine major versions of

741-612: Is often presented under older definitions of music, art, and related disciplines, but the processes related to creative thought, particularly as they apply to work, are found in books about cognitive psychology. Author and cognitive thinking researcher Howard Gardner has defined a variety of intelligences related to creative workers. Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has described the process of creative work effectively in several books, including Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Professors in Business have also started to explore

780-523: The MacBook are removed, which include the keyboard, LCD screen and camera. A glass screen cover, a new LCD screen, a sensor board, the original camera and a chrome-plated magnesium top shell are then installed. This is done either to a new-from-Apple MacBook for a device sold complete to a new owner, or to the customer's previously owned MacBook for an aftermarket modification. Introduced in June 2012, by

819-613: The OSF Research Institute and Apple in February 1996 to port Linux to the PowerPC platform, and thus Macintosh computers. In mid 1998, the community-led MkLinux Developers Association took over development of the operating system. MkLinux is short for "Microkernel Linux", which refers to its adaptation of the monolithic Linux kernel to run as a server hosted atop the Mach microkernel version 3.0. The Star Trek project (as in "to boldly go where no Mac has gone before")

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858-665: The Wefunder platform, and is expected to begin shipping after a successful closing of the campaign. Unlike previous Modbook models, the new Modbook Pro X is a tablet-to-laptop convertible , based on Apple's top-end 15.4-inch Touch Bar MacBook Pro models. As of February 2022, Modbook, Inc. has not delivered any Modbook Pro X or Modbook Pro X with Touch Bar machines to any customers. Wefunder, Kickstarter, and individual preorders have not been fulfilled. The website Modbook.com has also been suspended. Mac operating system Mac operating systems were developed by Apple Inc. in

897-405: The X Window System to emulate a Macintosh Finder -style graphical user interface. The last version, MAE 3.0, is compatible with System 7.5.3 . MAE was published for Sun Microsystems SPARCstation and Hewlett-Packard systems. It was discontinued on May 14, 1998. Announced at the 1996 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), MkLinux is an open source operating system that was started by

936-449: The original Macintosh on January 24, 1984; its early system software is partially based on Lisa OS , and inspired by the Alto computer, which former Apple CEO Steve Jobs previewed at Xerox PARC . It was originally named "System Software", or simply "System"; Apple rebranded it as "Mac OS" in 1996 due in part to its Macintosh clone program that ended one year later. Classic Mac OS

975-578: The Modbook was introduced at the 2007 Macworld Conference & Expo as the first commercially available pen-enabled tablet Mac and won a Best in Show award. The Modbook started shipping soon after the Macworld 2008 and was positively received as the pen-based macOS based tablet Apple fans had been waiting for, with all the components of a MacBook and a built-in Wacom digitizer for pen input , in

1014-622: The U.S. by the First-sale doctrine and similar legal concepts in most other countries. Currently the company's website Modbook.com has been suspended and they have not updated the Kickstarter and Wefunder campaigns in years. After successful campaign funding and website preorders, the Modbook Pro X still has not been fulfilled to customers as of February 2022. Originally developed by Los Angeles , California-based Axiotron, Inc. ,

1053-449: The classic Mac OS were released. The name "Classic" that now signifies the system as a whole is a reference to a compatibility layer that helped ease the transition to Mac OS X . The system was launched as Mac OS X, renamed OS X from 2012—2016, and then renamed macOS as the current Mac operating system that officially succeeded the classic Mac OS in 2001. The system was originally marketed as simply "version 10" of Mac OS, but it has

1092-518: The completion date slipped into the future with no sign of a release. In 1996, Apple canceled the project outright and sought a suitable third-party replacement. Copland development ended in August 1996, and in December 1996, Apple announced that it was buying NeXT for its NeXTSTEP operating system. Creative professional A creative professional who is also known as a creative specialist

1131-558: The core of macOS , including iOS in 2007 for its iPhone , iPad , and iPod Touch mobile devices and in 2017 for its HomePod smart speakers ; watchOS in 2015 for the Apple Watch ; and tvOS in 2015 for the Apple TV set-top box . The classic Mac OS is the original Macintosh operating system introduced in 1984 alongside the first Macintosh and remained in primary use on Macs until Mac OS X in 2001. Apple released

1170-480: The depth and breadth of the definition, this estimate may be doubled. Although creative professionals have been a part of the workforce for more than 500 years, several events during the past decade have altered industry and public perception of these workers. The change in status began in the late 1990s when demand for creative workers was high due to the internet boom. Creative workers found that their talents in graphic and interactive design were valuable, and so,

1209-621: The end of 2014. Through several delays, caused by technical challenges and subsequent Apple updates to the MacBook Pro it is based on, the Kickstarter project eventually evolved into Modbook Inc. ’s next commercial product line, the Modbook Pro X with Touch Bar. No Modbook Pro X machines were delivered to customers. Payments were not refunded. The Modbook Pro X with Touch Bar was introduced on September 14, 2017 together with Modbook Inc. ’s first Equity crowdfunding campaign hosted on

Modbook - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-401: The newly founded Southern California-based Modbook Inc. , the Modbook Pro uses a completely new conversion process and enclosure design to convert a MacBook Pro 13.3-inch standard display model into an all black, all aluminum slate-style pen-enabled Mac tablet . The system's specifications start with a 2.5 GHz Intel Core i5 processor with up to 16GB of RAM and either a 1TB hard drive or

1287-484: The success factors for creative professionals including Harvard Business School Professor Teresa Amabile who has studied and published research on creative professionals like author John Irving among others. Corporate research and the development of products and services specifically for creative professionals has started to crop up as companies hire increasing numbers of creative professionals to compete on innovation. Recent changes to corporate slogans are indicative of

1326-573: The transition in American business from Information Age to conceptual age. Pink describes information-era jobs as expendable and exportable, and offers that the MFA may yield more value for newer American workers than the MBA might generate in today's economy. The Creative Professional , by Howard Blumenthal, describes the phenomenon from yet another perspective: that of the individual worker now emerging as

1365-518: The workers began to develop independent cultures in select cities throughout the world, notably San Francisco , New York City and Boston . Some smaller cities, such as Austin and Portland also became centers where creative people found abundant opportunity. This trend has been documented in author Richard Florida 's book, The Creative Class . As the creative workforce has evolved in the post-dot.com era, creative workers have continued to flourish. Daniel H. Pink 's book A Whole New Mind describes

1404-426: Was a project at Apple to create an updated version of the classic Mac OS . It was to have introduced protected memory , preemptive multitasking , and new underlying operating system features, yet still be compatible with existing Mac software. They originally planned the follow-up release Gershwin to add multithreading and other advanced features. New features were added more rapidly than they could be completed, and

1443-472: Was a secret prototype beginning in 1992, to port the classic Mac OS to Intel -compatible x86 personal computers. In partnership with Apple and with support from Intel, the project was instigated by Novell , which was looking to integrate its DR-DOS with the Mac OS GUI as a mutual response to the monopoly of Microsoft 's Windows 3.0 and MS-DOS. A team consisting of four from Apple and four from Novell

1482-570: Was got the Macintosh Finder and some basic applications such as QuickTime , running smoothly. The project was canceled one year later in early 1993, but was partially reused when porting the Mac OS to PowerPC . Taligent (a portmanteau of "talent" and "intelligent") is an object-oriented operating system and the company producing it. Started as the Pink project within Apple to provide

1521-437: Was updated to 11.0 in the third beta. The third beta version of macOS Big Sur is 11.0 Beta 3 instead of 10.16 Beta 3. An early server computing version of the system was released in 1999 as a technology preview. It was followed by several more official server-based releases. Server functionality has instead been offered as an add-on for the desktop system since 2011. The Apple Real-time Operating System Environment (A/ROSE)

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