Misplaced Pages

Modernizr

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

Modernizr is a JavaScript library that detects the features available in a user's browser . This lets web pages avoid unsupported features by informing the user their browser is not supported or loading a polyfill . Modernizr aims to provide feature detection in a consistent and easy to use manner that discourages the use of failure-prone browser sniffing .

#858141

70-493: Many HTML5 and CSS 3 features are already implemented in at least one major browser . Modernizr determines whether the user's browser has implemented a given feature. This lets developers take advantage of new features that browsers support, yet create fallbacks for browsers that lack support. In both 2010 and 2011, Modernizr won the .net Award for Open Source App of the Year, and in 2011 one of its lead developers, Paul Irish , won

140-411: A BEGIN statement, and Perl function prototypes may alter the syntactic interpretation, and possibly even the syntactic validity of the remaining code. Colloquially this is referred to as "only Perl can parse Perl" (because code must be executed during parsing, and can modify the grammar), or more strongly "even Perl cannot parse Perl" (because it is undecidable). Similarly, Lisp macros introduced by

210-439: A concrete syntax tree; the parser writer must then manually write code describing how this is converted to an abstract syntax tree. Contextual analysis is also generally implemented manually. Despite the existence of these automatic tools, parsing is often implemented manually, for various reasons – perhaps the phrase structure is not context-free, or an alternative implementation improves performance or error-reporting, or allows

280-572: A regular language , specified in the lexical grammar , which is a Type-3 grammar, generally given as regular expressions . Phrases are in a context-free language (CFL), generally a deterministic context-free language (DCFL), specified in a phrase structure grammar , which is a Type-2 grammar, generally given as production rules in Backus–Naur form (BNF). Phrase grammars are often specified in much more constrained grammars than full context-free grammars , in order to make them easier to parse; while

350-470: A symbol table which stores names and types for each scope. Tools have been written that automatically generate a lexer from a lexical specification written in regular expressions and a parser from the phrase grammar written in BNF: this allows one to use declarative programming , rather than need to have procedural or functional programming. A notable example is the lex - yacc pair. These automatically produce

420-458: A syntax error . When designing the syntax of a language, a designer might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings , before trying to figure out the general rules from these examples. Syntax therefore refers to the form of the code, and is contrasted with semantics – the meaning . In processing computer languages, semantic processing generally comes after syntactic processing; however, in some cases, semantic processing

490-430: A Candidate Recommendation. The criterion for advancement to W3C Recommendation is "two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations". On 16 September 2014, W3C moved HTML5 to Proposed Recommendation. On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a W3C Recommendation, bringing the specification process to completion. On 1 November 2016, HTML 5.1 was released as a W3C Recommendation. On 14 December 2017, HTML 5.2

560-543: A Living Standard for HTML, continuously maintaining the specification rather than freezing it in a state with known problems, and adding new features as needed to evolve the platform. Since then, the WHATWG has been working on this specification (amongst others), and the W3C has been copying fixes made by the WHATWG into their fork of the document (which also has other changes). The two entities signed an agreement to work together on

630-402: A Type-2 grammar, i.e., they are context-free grammars , though the overall syntax is context-sensitive (due to variable declarations and nested scopes), hence Type-1. However, there are exceptions, and for some languages the phrase grammar is Type-0 (Turing-complete). In some languages like Perl and Lisp the specification (or implementation) of the language allows constructs that execute during

700-400: A combination of symbols is handled by semantics (either formal or hard-coded in a reference implementation ). Valid syntax must be established before semantics can make meaning out of it. Not all syntactically correct programs are semantically correct. Many syntactically correct programs are nonetheless ill-formed, per the language's rules; and may (depending on the language specification and

770-758: A form of DRM, was "in scope" and will potentially be included in the HTML 5.1 standard. WHATWG 's "HTML Living Standard" continued to be developed without DRM-enabled proposals. Manu Sporny, a member of the W3C , said that EME would not solve the problem it was supposed to address. Opponents point out that EME itself is just an architecture for a DRM plug-in mechanism. The initial enablers for DRM in HTML5 were Google and Microsoft. Supporters also include Adobe. On 14 May 2014, Mozilla announced plans to support EME in Firefox ,

SECTION 10

#1732790533859

840-424: A lexer turns the linear sequence of characters into a linear sequence of tokens; this is known as " lexical analysis " or "lexing". Second, the parser turns the linear sequence of tokens into a hierarchical syntax tree; this is known as " parsing " narrowly speaking. This ensures that the line of tokens conform to the formal grammars of the programming language. The parsing stage itself can be divided into two parts:

910-454: A position paper at a World Wide Web Consortium workshop in June 2004, focusing on developing technologies that are backward-compatible with existing browsers, including an initial draft specification of Web Forms 2.0. The workshop concluded with a vote—8 for, 14 against—for continuing work on HTML. Immediately after the workshop, WHATWG was formed to start work based upon that position paper, and

980-574: A refusal to implement EME would have accomplished little more than convincing many users to switch browsers. This decision was condemned by Cory Doctorow and the Free Software Foundation . Syntax (programming languages) In computer science , the syntax of a computer language is the rules that define the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language. This applies both to programming languages , where

1050-613: A second draft, Web Applications 1.0, was also announced. The two specifications were later merged to form HTML5. The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the W3C in 2007. WHATWG's Ian Hickson ( Google ) and David Hyatt ( Apple ) produced W3C's first public working draft of the specification on 22 January 2008. Many web browsers released after 2009 support HTML5, including Google Chrome 3.0, Safari 3.1, Firefox 3.5 , Opera 10.5, Internet Explorer 9 and later. While some features of HTML5 are often compared to Adobe Flash ,

1120-485: A set of Boolean properties for each feature it can detect. For example, if a browser supports the canvas API, the Modernizr.canvas property will be true. If the browser does not support the canvas API, the Modernizr.canvas property will be false: The library is simply a feature-detection method and as such, does not add missing functionality to older browsers . HTML5 HTML5 ( Hypertext Markup Language 5 )

1190-480: A single version of HTML on 28 May 2019. In addition to the contradiction in the < cite > element mentioned above, other differences between the two standards include at least the following, as of September 2018 : §9 Communication §10 Web workers §11 Web storage <address> is in section Grouping content . <address> is in section Sections . § 4.3.11.3 Exposing outlines to users The following table provides data from

1260-479: A topic of mainstream media attention around April 2010 after Apple Inc. 's then-CEO Steve Jobs issued a public letter titled "Thoughts on Flash" in which he concluded that "Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content" and that "new open standards created in the mobile era, such as HTML5, will win". This sparked a debate in web development circles suggesting that, while HTML5 provides enhanced functionality, developers must consider

1330-723: Is a markup language used for structuring and presenting hypertext documents on the World Wide Web . It was the fifth and final major HTML version that is now a retired World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation. The current specification is known as the HTML Living Standard . It is maintained by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), a consortium of the major browser vendors ( Apple , Google , Mozilla , and Microsoft ). HTML5

1400-623: Is also a candidate for cross-platform mobile applications because it includes features designed with low-powered devices in mind. Many new syntactic features are included. To natively include and handle multimedia and graphical content, the new <video> , <audio> and <canvas> elements were added; expandable sections are natively implemented through <summary>...</summary> and <details>...</details> rather than depending on CSS or JavaScript; and support for scalable vector graphics (SVG) content and MathML for mathematical formulas

1470-631: Is also possible using JavaScript and HTML 4 , and within SVG elements through SMIL , although browser support of the latter remains uneven as of 2011 . XML documents must be served with an XML Internet media type (often called " MIME type") such as application/xhtml+xml or application/xml , and must conform to strict, well-formed syntax of XML. XHTML5 is simply XML-serialized HTML5 data (that is, HTML5 constrained to XHTML's strict requirements, e.g., not having any unclosed tags), sent with one of XML media types. HTML that has been written to conform to both

SECTION 20

#1732790533859

1540-456: Is intended to subsume not only HTML 4 but also XHTML1 and even the DOM Level 2 HTML itself. HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves, and rationalizes the markup available for documents and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications . For the same reasons, HTML5

1610-482: Is more likely that the compiler will use a parsing rule that allows all expressions of the form "LiteralOrIdentifier + LiteralOrIdentifier" and then the error will be detected during contextual analysis (when type checking occurs). In some cases this validation is not done by the compiler, and these errors are only detected at runtime. In a dynamically typed language, where type can only be determined at runtime, many type errors can only be detected at runtime. For example,

1680-478: Is necessary for complete syntactic analysis, and these are done together or concurrently . In a compiler , the syntactic analysis comprises the frontend , while the semantic analysis comprises the backend (and middle end, if this phase is distinguished). Computer language syntax is generally distinguished into three levels: Distinguishing in this way yields modularity, allowing each level to be described and processed separately and often independently. First,

1750-407: Is usually defined using a combination of regular expressions (for lexical structure) and Backus–Naur form (a metalanguage for grammatical structure) to inductively specify syntactic categories ( nonterminal ) and terminal symbols. Syntactic categories are defined by rules called productions , which specify the values that belong to a particular syntactic category. Terminal symbols are

1820-559: Is usually the case when compiling strongly-typed languages), though it is common to classify these kinds of error as semantic errors instead. As an example, the Python code contains a type error because it adds a string literal to an integer literal. Type errors of this kind can be detected at compile-time: They can be detected during parsing (phrase analysis) if the compiler uses separate rules that allow "integerLiteral + integerLiteral" but not "stringLiteral + integerLiteral", though it

1890-421: The defmacro syntax also execute during parsing, meaning that a Lisp compiler must have an entire Lisp run-time system present. In contrast, C macros are merely string replacements, and do not require code execution. The syntax of a language describes the form of a valid program, but does not provide any information about the meaning of the program or the results of executing that program. The meaning given to

1960-476: The Fortune 500 U.S. companies implemented HTML5 on their corporate websites. Since 2014, HTML5 is at least partially supported by most popular layout engines. The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples. W3C Working Group publishes "HTML5 differences from HTML 4", which provides a complete outline of additions, removals and changes between HTML5 and HTML4. On 18 January 2011,

2030-508: The LR parser can parse any DCFL in linear time, the simple LALR parser and even simpler LL parser are more efficient, but can only parse grammars whose production rules are constrained. In principle, contextual structure can be described by a context-sensitive grammar , and automatically analyzed by means such as attribute grammars , though, in general, this step is done manually, via name resolution rules and type checking , and implemented via

2100-514: The parse tree , or "concrete syntax tree", which is determined by the grammar, but is generally far too detailed for practical use, and the abstract syntax tree (AST), which simplifies this into a usable form. The AST and contextual analysis steps can be considered a form of semantic analysis, as they are adding meaning and interpretation to the syntax, or alternatively as informal, manual implementations of syntactical rules that would be difficult or awkward to describe or implement formally. Thirdly,

2170-560: The Developer of the Year award. Modernizr uses feature detection, rather than checking the browser's property, to discern what a browser can and cannot do. It considers feature detection more reliable since the same rendering engine may not necessarily support the same things in two different browsers using that engine. In addition, some users change their user agent string to get around websites that block features for browsers with specific user agent settings, despite their browsers having

Modernizr - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-403: The HTML and DOM standards to WHATWG on 28 May 2019, as it considered that having two standards is harmful. The HTML Living Standard is now authoritative. However, W3C will still participate in the development process of HTML. Before the ceding of authority, W3C and WHATWG had been characterized as both working together on the development of HTML5, and yet also at cross purposes ever since

2310-403: The HTML and XHTML specifications and therefore produces the same DOM tree whether parsed as HTML or XML is known as polyglot markup . There is no DTD for XHTML5. HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs. In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing , with the intent that compliant browsers will produce

2380-407: The HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG organization continues its work with HTML5 as a "living standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed. In December 2012, W3C designated HTML5 as

2450-659: The HTML5 specification, and HTML5 also better defines the processing for any invalid documents. The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) began work on the new standard in 2004. At that time, HTML 4.01 had not been updated since 2000, and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was focusing future developments on XHTML 2.0 . In 2009, the W3C allowed the XHTML 2.0 Working Group's charter to expire and decided not to renew it. The Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software presented

2520-493: The July 2012 split. The W3C "HTML5" standard was snapshot-based (HTML5, HTML 5.1, etc.) and static, while the WHATWG "HTML living standard" is continually updated. The relationship had been described as "fragile", even a "rift", and characterized by "squabbling". In at least one case, namely the permissible content of the < cite > element, the two specifications directly contradicted each other (as of July 2018), with

2590-606: The Mozilla Development Network on compatibility with major browsers, as of September 2018 , of HTML elements unique to one of the standards: The W3C proposed a greater reliance on modularity as a key part of the plan to make faster progress, meaning identifying specific features, either proposed or already existing in the spec, and advancing them as separate specifications. Some technologies that were originally defined in HTML5 itself are now defined in separate specifications: Some features that were removed from

2660-523: The Python code is syntactically valid at the phrase level, but the correctness of the types of a and b can only be determined at runtime, as variables do not have types in Python, only values do. Whereas there is disagreement about whether a type error detected by the compiler should be called a syntax error (rather than a static semantic error), type errors which can only be detected at program execution time are always regarded as semantic rather than syntax errors. The syntax of textual programming languages

2730-448: The W3C definition allowing a broader range of uses than the WHATWG definition. The "Introduction" section in the WHATWG spec (edited by Ian "Hixie" Hickson ) is critical of W3C, e.g. " Note: Although we have asked them to stop doing so, the W3C also republishes some parts of this specification as separate documents." In its "History" subsection it portrays W3C as resistant to Hickson's and WHATWG's original HTML5 plans, then jumping on

2800-580: The W3C introduced a logo to represent the use of or interest in HTML5. Unlike other badges previously issued by the W3C, it does not imply validity or conformance to a certain standard. As of 1 April 2011, this logo is official. When initially presenting it to the public, the W3C announced the HTML5 logo as a "general-purpose visual identity for a broad set of open web technologies, including HTML5, CSS , SVG, WOFF , and others". Some web standard advocates, including The Web Standards Project , criticized that definition of "HTML5" as an umbrella term, pointing out

2870-545: The above technologies are included in the W3C HTML5 specification, though they are in the WHATWG HTML specification. Some related technologies, which are not part of either the W3C HTML5 or the WHATWG HTML specification, are as follows. The W3C publishes specifications for these separately: HTML5 cannot provide animation within web pages. Additional JavaScript or CSS3 is necessary for animating HTML elements. Animation

Modernizr - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-413: The bandwagon belatedly (though Hickson was in control of the W3C HTML5 spec, too). Regardless, it indicates a major philosophical divide between the organizations: For a number of years, both groups then worked together. In 2011, however, the groups came to the conclusion that they had different goals: the W3C wanted to publish a "finished" version of "HTML5", while the WHATWG wanted to continue working on

3010-450: The blurring of terminology and the potential for miscommunication. Three days later, the W3C responded to community feedback and changed the logo's definition, dropping the enumeration of related technologies. The W3C then said the logo "represents HTML5, the cornerstone for modern Web applications". Industry players including the BBC , Google, Microsoft , Apple Inc. have been lobbying for

3080-423: The concrete characters or strings of characters (for example keywords such as define , if , let , or void ) from which syntactically valid programs are constructed. Syntax can be divided into context-free syntax and context-sensitive syntax. Context-free syntax are rules directed by the metalanguage of the programming language. These would not be constrained by the context surrounding or referring that part of

3150-479: The contextual analysis resolves names and checks types. This modularity is sometimes possible, but in many real-world languages an earlier step depends on a later step – for example, the lexer hack in C is because tokenization depends on context. Even in these cases, syntactical analysis is often seen as approximating this ideal model. The levels generally correspond to levels in the Chomsky hierarchy . Words are in

3220-423: The document represents source code , and to markup languages , where the document represents data. The syntax of a language defines its surface form. Text-based computer languages are based on sequences of characters , while visual programming languages are based on the spatial layout and connections between symbols (which may be textual or graphical). Documents that are syntactically invalid are said to have

3290-464: The end of 2020. Adobe itself officially discontinued Flash on 31 December 2020 and all Flash content was blocked from running in Flash Player as of 12 January 2021. On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm

3360-510: The first error – all it knows is that, after producing the token LEFT_PAREN, '(' the remainder of the program is invalid, since no word rule begins with '_'. The second error is detected at the parsing stage: The parser has identified the "list" production rule due to the '(' token (as the only match), and thus can give an error message; in general it may be ambiguous . Type errors and undeclared variable errors are sometimes considered to be syntax errors when they are detected at compile-time (which

3430-423: The following: Here the decimal digits, upper- and lower-case characters, and parentheses are terminal symbols. The following are examples of well-formed token sequences in this grammar: ' 12345 ', ' () ', ' (A B C232 (1)) ' The grammar needed to specify a programming language can be classified by its position in the Chomsky hierarchy . The phrase grammar of most programming languages can be specified using

3500-404: The grammar to be changed more easily. Parsers are often written in functional languages, such as Haskell , or in scripting languages, such as Python or Perl , or in C or C++ . As an example, (add 1 1) is a syntactically valid Lisp program (assuming the 'add' function exists, else name resolution fails), adding 1 and 1. However, the following are invalid: The lexer is unable to identify

3570-507: The inclusion of Encrypted Media Extensions (EME), a form of digital rights management (DRM), into the HTML5 standard. As of the end of 2012 and the beginning of 2013, 27 organizations including the Free Software Foundation have started a campaign against including digital rights management in the HTML5 standard. However, in late September 2013, the W3C HTML Working Group decided that Encrypted Media Extensions,

SECTION 50

#1732790533859

3640-424: The instruction will return something sensible; browsers that do not understand it will return nothing or "undefined". Modernizr uses the result to assess whether that feature is supported by the web browser. Many tests in the documentation come with a small code sample to illustrate how a specific test can be used in web development workflow . When it runs, it creates a global object called Modernizr that contains

3710-488: The last major browser to avoid DRM. Calling it "a difficult and uncomfortable step", Andreas Gal of Mozilla explained that future versions of Firefox would remain open source but ship with a sandbox designed to run a content decryption module developed by Adobe, later it was replaced with Widevine module from Google which is much more widely adopted by content providers. While promising to "work on alternative solutions", Mozilla's Executive Chair Mitchell Baker stated that

3780-484: The more capable Cascading Style Sheets . There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of client-side JavaScript used to create dynamic web pages . The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML despite the similarity of its markup. It has, however, been designed to be backward-compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML. It comes with a new introductory line that looks like an SGML document type declaration , <!DOCTYPE html> , which triggers

3850-561: The necessary capabilities. Modernizr offers tests for more than 250 features, then creates a JavaScript object (named "Modernizr") that contains the results of these tests as boolean properties. It also adds classes to the HTML element based on what features are and are not natively supported. To perform feature detection tests, Modernizr often creates an element, sets a specific style instruction on that element and then immediately tries to retrieve that setting. Web browsers that understand

3920-411: The original HTML5 specification have been standardized separately as modules, such as Microdata and Canvas . Technical specifications introduced as HTML5 extensions such as Polyglot markup have also been standardized as modules. Some W3C specifications that were originally separate specifications have been adapted as HTML5 extensions or features, such as SVG . Some features that might have slowed down

3990-450: The parsing phase. Furthermore, these languages have constructs that allow the programmer to alter the behavior of the parser. This combination effectively blurs the distinction between parsing and execution, and makes syntax analysis an undecidable problem in these languages, meaning that the parsing phase may not finish. For example, in Perl it is possible to execute code during parsing using

4060-480: The same results when parsing incorrect syntax. Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behavior for " tag soup " documents, those documents do not conform to the HTML5 standard. According to a report released on 30 September 2011, 34 of the world's top 100 Web sites were using HTML5 – the adoption led by search engines and social networks . Another report released in August 2013 has shown that 153 of

4130-650: The sentence may be false: The following C language fragment is syntactically correct, but performs an operation that is not semantically defined (because p is a null pointer , the operations p -> real and p -> im have no meaning): As a simpler example, is syntactically valid, but not semantically defined, as it uses an uninitialized variable . Even though compilers for some programming languages (e.g., Java and C#) would detect uninitialized variable errors of this kind, they should be regarded as semantic errors rather than syntax errors. To quickly compare syntax of various programming languages, take

4200-403: The soundness of the implementation) result in an error on translation or execution. In some cases, such programs may exhibit undefined behavior . Even when a program is well-defined within a language, it may still have a meaning that is not intended by the person who wrote it. Using natural language as an example, it may not be possible to assign a meaning to a grammatically correct sentence or

4270-742: The standardization of HTML5 were or will be standardized as upcoming specifications, instead. HTML5 introduces elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on modern websites. Some of them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block ( <div> ) and inline ( <span> ) elements, for example <nav> (website navigation block), <footer> (usually referring to bottom of web page or to last lines of HTML code), or <audio> and <video> instead of <object> . Some deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been dropped, including purely presentational elements such as <font> and <center> , whose effects have long been superseded by

SECTION 60

#1732790533859

4340-438: The standards-compliant rendering mode . Since 5 January 2009, HTML5 also includes Web Forms 2.0 , a previously separate WHATWG specification. In addition to specifying markup, HTML5 specifies scripting application programming interfaces (APIs) that can be used with JavaScript . Existing Document Object Model (DOM) interfaces are extended and de facto features documented. There are also new APIs, such as: Not all of

4410-515: The syntax, whereas context-sensitive syntax would. A language can have different equivalent grammars, such as equivalent regular expressions (at the lexical levels), or different phrase rules which generate the same language. Using a broader category of grammars, such as LR grammars, can allow shorter or simpler grammars compared with more restricted categories, such as LL grammar, which may require longer grammars with more rules. Different but equivalent phrase grammars yield different parse trees, though

4480-439: The technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which was the target date for recommendation. In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" specification HTML Living Standard . The W3C nevertheless continued its project to release HTML5. In July 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue

4550-436: The two technologies are very different. Both include features for playing audio and video within web pages, and for using Scalable Vector Graphics . However, HTML5 on its own cannot be used for animation or interactivity – it must be supplemented with CSS3 or JavaScript . There are many Flash capabilities that have no direct counterpart in HTML5 (see Comparison of HTML5 and Flash ). HTML5's interactive capabilities became

4620-401: The underlying language (set of valid documents) is the same. Below is a simple grammar, defined using the notation of regular expressions and Extended Backus–Naur form . It describes the syntax of S-expressions , a data syntax of the programming language Lisp , which defines productions for the syntactic categories expression , atom , number , symbol , and list : This grammar specifies

4690-402: The varying browser support of the different parts of the standard as well as other functionality differences between HTML5 and Flash. In early November 2011, Adobe announced that it would discontinue the development of Flash for mobile devices and reorient its efforts in developing tools using HTML5. On 25 July 2017, Adobe announced that both the distribution and support of Flash would cease by

4760-534: Was also added. To enrich the semantic content of documents, new page structure elements such as <main> , <section> , <article> , <header> , <footer> , <aside> , <nav> , and <figure> are added. New attributes were introduced, some elements and attributes were removed, and others such as <a> , <cite> , and <menu> were changed, redefined, or standardized. The APIs and Document Object Model (DOM) are now fundamental parts of

4830-530: Was first released in a public-facing form on 22 January 2008, with a major update and "W3C Recommendation" status in October 2014. Its goals were to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia and other new features; to keep the language both easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices such as web browsers , parsers , etc., without XHTML's rigidity; and to remain backward-compatible with older software. HTML5

4900-407: Was released as a W3C Recommendation. The W3C retired HTML5 on 27 March 2018. Additionally, the retirement included HTML 4.0, HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, and XHTML 1.1. HTML 5.1, HTML 5.2 and HTML 5.3 were all retired on 28 January 2021, in favour of the HTML living standard. The combined timelines for the W3C recommendations of HTML5, HTML 5.1, HTML 5.2 and HTML 5.3: The W3C ceded authority over

#858141