55-627: Mollison is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Bill Mollison (1928–2016), researcher, author, scientist, teacher and naturalist Clifford Mollison (1897–1986), British film and television actor Deborah Mollison (born 1958), British composer and songwriter Derek Mollison (1901–1943), Australian footballer and businessman Fiona Mollison (born 1954), British television and theatre actress Henry Mollison (1905–1985), British film actor Irvin C. Mollison (1898–1962), American judge James Mollison , AO, (1931–2020), director of
110-509: A Laser sailing dinghy . In March 2009 two young dinghy sailors sailed a B14 (dinghy) from Stanley in north west Tasmania to Walkerville South in Victoria. The purpose of the voyage was to raise funds for the treatment of the endangered Tasmanian Devil , an animal species suffering from a facial tumour disease and, if possible, break the dinghy sailing time record for the crossing. The sailors Adrian Beswick and Josh Philips accompanied by
165-400: A bomb. The plane crashed into Bass Strait in the middle of the night and many character's lives were put at risk, with some drowning. Bass Strait is regularly crossed by sailing vessels, including during the annual Melbourne to Hobart Yacht Race . The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race passes generally east of the strait but is affected by its weather conditions. The first windsurfer crossing
220-514: A large part of the output of Hazelwood Power Station , which was closed in early 2017. The fastest and often the cheapest method of travel across Bass Strait is by air . The major airports in Tasmania are Hobart Airport and Launceston Airport , where the main airlines are Jetstar and Virgin Australia . Qantas also operates services. The smaller airports in the north of the state and on
275-411: A safer and less boisterous passage for ships on the route from Europe or India to Sydney in the early 19th century. The strait also saved 1,300 km (700 nmi) on the voyage. Bass Strait is approximately 250 km (160 mi) wide and 500 km (310 mi) long, with an average depth of 60 m (200 ft). The widest opening is about 350 km (220 mi) between Cape Portland on
330-700: A scientist with the CSIRO Wildlife Survey Section and with the Tasmanian Inland Fisheries Department, I began to protest against the political and industrial systems I saw were killing us and the world around us. But I soon decided that it was no good persisting with opposition that in the end achieved nothing. I withdrew from society for two years; I did not want to oppose anything ever again and waste time. I wanted to come back only with something very positive, something that would allow us all to exist without
385-406: A support vessel successfully completed the crossing in 14 hours 53 minutes. Kitesurfers have also completed the crossing with Natalie Clark in 2010 become the first female to do the crossing. In 1971 lone rower David Bowen from Mount Martha crossed Bass Strait in a 6.1 m (20 ft) dory , leaving from Devonport he landed on Wilson's Promontory. The first crossing by paddleboard
440-860: A three month lecture tour of USA and Canada, during which he visited & gave talks at the International Tree Crops Institute (Miles & Libby Merwin, Winters, CA), Farallones Institute Rural Centre (Sonoma, CA), Integral Urban House (Berkeley, CA), Village Homes (Davis, CA), Appropriate Technology Group (Professor Isao Fujimoto, Davis CA), The Tree People (Andy Lipkis, Los Angeles, CA), Rural Education Center (Samuel Kaymen, Wilton NH, in 1983 called Stonyfield Farm), New Alchemy Institute (John & Nancy Todd, Woods Hole, MA), Institute for Local Self-Reliance (Washington, DC), Office of Appropriate Technology (Scott Sklar, now Professor Scott Sklar, Director George Washington Solar Institute, Washington, DC), and The Farm (Summertown, TN) He taught
495-486: A three-week course at The Tree People in Los Angeles in 1981. In 1981, the first graduates of the permaculture design course (PDC) that he had helped to initiate, started to design permaculture systems in their respective communities. In this way, the philosophy of permaculture had begun to move beyond its original context in "land management" to cover most, if not all, aspects of human life. In 1987, Mollison taught
550-521: A trace, or left scant evidence of their passing. Despite myths and legends of piracy , wrecking and alleged supernatural phenomena akin to those of the Bermuda Triangle , such disappearances can be invariably ascribed to treacherous combinations of wind and sea conditions, and the numerous semi-submerged rocks and reefs within the Straits. Despite the strait's difficult waters, it provided
605-629: Is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria , with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet ). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea , and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay . Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at
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#1732772685298660-473: Is a whole human system. He helped found the first Permaculture Institute, established in 1979 to "teach the practical design of sustainable soil, water, plant, and legal and economic systems to students worldwide." Bill Mollison taught the first Permaculture Design course at Stanley, Tasmania in January 1980. It was attended by 10 Australian students including Max O'Lindegger and Denis McCarthy (co-recipients of
715-406: Is an integrated system of ecological and environmental design which Mollison co-developed with David Holmgren and which they envisioned together as a perennial and sustainable form of agriculture. In 1974, Mollison began his collaboration with Holmgren and in 1978 they published their book Permaculture One , which introduced this design system to the general public. Mollison is also the developer of
770-474: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Bill Mollison Bruce Charles " Bill " Mollison (4 May 1928 – 24 September 2016) was an Australian researcher, author, scientist, teacher and biologist. In 1981, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award "for developing and promoting the theory and practice of permaculture ". Permaculture (from "permanent agriculture")
825-863: Is instead associated with the Great Australian Bight; the Bight is numbered 62, while the Bass Strait is designated 62-A. The Australian Hydrographic Service does not consider it to be part of its expanded definition of the Southern Ocean , but rather states that it lies with the Tasman Sea. The strait between the Furneaux Islands and Tasmania is Banks Strait , a subdivision of Bass Strait. Aboriginal Tasmanians arrived in Tasmania approximately 40,000 years ago during
880-516: The Bassian Rise and King Island Rise located on the eastern and western margins of Bass Strait, respectively, are composed of a basement of Paleozoic granite . These features form sills separating Bass Basin from the adjacent ocean basins. Associated with the less than 50 m (160 ft)-deep Bassian Rise is the Furneaux Islands , the largest of which is Flinders Island (maximum elevation 760 m [2,490 ft]). The surface of
935-597: The Cape Otway Lighthouse was first lit in 1848, followed by another at Cape Wickham at the northern end of King Island in 1861. There are over 50 islands in Bass Strait. Major islands include: Western section: South eastern section: North eastern section: Within Bass Strait there are several Commonwealth marine reserves , which are all part of the South-east Network. The two larger reserves, Flinders and Zeehan, extend mostly outside of
990-449: The herb spiral , a herb-growing structure that allows herbs with different growing requirements to coexist in a small space. Mollison founded The Permaculture Institute in Tasmania and created the education system to train others under the umbrella of permaculture. This education system of "train the trainer", utilized through a formal Permaculture Design Course and Certification (PDC), has taught hundreds of thousands of people throughout
1045-537: The last glacial period , across a broad prehistoric land bridge called the Bassian Plain between the nowaday southern Victoria coastline (from Wilsons Promontory to Cape Otway ) and the northern Tasmanian shores (from Cape Portland to Cape Grim ). After the glacial period ended, sea levels rose and flooded the Bassian Plain to form Bass Strait at around 8,000 years ago, leaving them isolated from
1100-620: The surname Mollison . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mollison&oldid=1251651449 " Categories : Surnames English-language surnames Surnames of Scottish origin Surnames of Lowland Scottish origin Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1155-667: The 1960s, he worked as a curator at the Tasmanian Museum. He also worked with the Inland Fisheries Commission, where he was able to resume his field work. In 1966, he entered the University of Tasmania. After he received a degree in bio-geography, he stayed on to lecture and teach and developed the unit of Environmental Psychology. He retired from teaching in 1979. Mollison's work with the CSIRO laid
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#17327726852981210-627: The 1970s, it was a beneficial assembly of plants and animals in relation to human settlements, mostly aimed towards household and community self-reliance, and perhaps as a "commercial endeavor" only arising from a surplus from that system. However, permaculture has come to mean more than just food-sufficiency in the household. Self-reliance in food is meaningless unless people have access to land, information, and financial resources. So in recent years it has come to encompass appropriate legal and financial strategies, including strategies for land access, business structures, and regional self-financing. This way it
1265-717: The Australian government's 2020 Oil and Gas acreage release as this opened up new areas of Tasmania's oceans for exploration. The western field, known as the Otway Basin , was discovered in the 1990s offshore near Port Campbell . Its exploitation began in 2005. The oil and gas is sent via pipeline to gas processing facilities and oil refineries at Longford ( Longford gas plant ), Western Port ( Westernport Refinery closed 1985), Altona ( Altona Refinery scheduled to close in 2021) and Geelong ( Geelong Oil Refinery ), as well as by tanker to New South Wales . Pipelines from
1320-462: The Australian mainland. Aboriginal people lived on Flinders Island until around 4,000 years ago. Based on the recorded language groups, there were at least three successive waves of aboriginal colonisation. The strait was possibly detected by Captain Abel Tasman when he charted Tasmania's coast in 1642. On 5 December, Tasman was following the east coast northward to see how far it went. When
1375-662: The Bass Strait area. The smaller islands of Bass Strait typically have some form of protection status. Most notably the Kent Group National Park covers the Kent Group islands of Tasmania, as well as the surrounding state waters which is a dedicated marine reserve. The national park is wholly contained by the Beagle Commonwealth Marine Reserve. Victoria has several marine national parks in Bass Strait, and are all adjacent to
1430-470: The King Island Rise also occurs in water depths of less than 50 m (160 ft), and includes the shallow (40 m [130 ft]) Tail Bank at its northern margin as well as King Island itself. Subaqueous dunes (sandwaves) and tidal current ridges cover approximately 6,000 km (2,300 sq mi) of the seabed in Bass Strait. During Pleistocene , low sea level stands
1485-1167: The Kingfish Field, the Mackerel Field, and the Fortescue Field discovered in 1978. Large gas fields include the Whiptail field, the Barracouta Field, the Snapper Field, and the Marlin Field. Oil and gas are produced from the Cretaceous - Eocene clastic rocks of the Latrobe Group, deposited with the break-up of Australia and Antarctica. In 2020 activist group No Gas Across the Bass was set up after American company ConocoPhillips put in an application to seismic blast 27km from King Island . Further environmental campaigning followed
1540-750: The National Gallery of Australia James William Mollison (1858–1927), British agriculture specialist in India Jim Mollison (1905–1959), Scottish pioneer aviator who set many records Sam Mollison , electronic music producer and vocalist William Loudon Mollison (1851–1929), Scottish mathematician and academic Willis Elbert Mollison (1859–1924), American teacher, newspaper editor, politician, banker, businessman, lawyer, public official, and civil rights advocate Lindsay Mollison Australian physician and environmentalist [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
1595-624: The Otway Basin gas fields lead to several processing facilities in the vicinity of Port Campbell ( Iona Gas Plant and Otway Gas Plant ). In June 2017, the Government of Victoria announced a three-year feasibility study for Australia's first offshore wind farm . The project, which could have 250 wind turbines within a 574 km (222 sq mi) area, is projected to deliver around 8,000 GWh of electricity, representing some 18 per cent of Victoria's power usage and replacing
1650-531: The Tasmanian mainland at Stanley Head , and then continued on to George Town . However it started failing within a few weeks of completion, and by 1861 it failed completely. Tasmania is currently connected to the mainland via two Telstra -operated fibre optic cables; since 2006, dark fibre capacity has also been available on the Basslink HVDC cable. Other submarine cables include: In 1978, one of
1705-495: The capacity to carry up to 630 megawatts of electrical power across the strait. Alinta owns a submarine gas pipeline , delivering natural gas to large industrial customers near George Town , as well as the Powerco gas network in Tasmania. The first submarine communications cable across Bass Strait was laid in 1859. Starting at Cape Otway , Victoria , it went via King Island and Three Hummock Island , made contact with
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1760-423: The central basin of Bass Strait was enclosed by raised sills forming a large shallow lake. This occurred during the last glacial maximum (18,000 BP ) when the basin was completely isolated. Sea level rise during the marine transgression flooded the basin, forming a westward embayment from 11,800 BP to 8700 BP, and the basin rim was completely flooded by about 8000 BP, at which point Bass Strait
1815-490: The end of the last glacial period , the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists . The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of Bass Strait as follows: Some authorities consider the strait to be part of the Pacific Ocean as in the never-approved 2002 IHO Limits of Oceans and Seas draft. In the currently in-force IHO 1953 draft, it
1870-471: The first PDC course that was offered in India. By 2011 there had been over 300,000 such graduates practicing and teaching throughout the world. He has been called the founder and "father" of permaculture . In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Mollison appeared in several video productions that helped popularize permaculture concepts. Articles Bass Strait Bass Strait ( / b æ s / )
1925-563: The first Permaculture Institute's Community Service Award), Dave Blewett (author of Arid Land Permaculture), Ginger Gordy (second President of the Permaculture Association of WA), Kirsten Beggs (WA), John Fargher (SA) and Tagari Community members Andrew Jeeves & Simon Fjell (co-founder Permaculture Institute in 1979, currently Permaculture Institute International). In May 1980 Bill Mollison, his wife Philomena, Andrew Jeeves, Peter Moore (photographer) and Denis McCarthy began
1980-506: The foundation for his life-long passion: Permaculture. Mollison told his student Toby Hemenway that the original idea for permaculture came to him in 1959 while he was observing marsupials browsing in the Tasmanian rain forests, because he was "inspired and awed by the life-giving abundance and rich interconnectedness of this eco-system." At that moment, Mollison jotted down the following words in his diary: "I believe that we could build systems that would function as well as this one does." By
2035-587: The island to establish a garrison at Hobart. Strong currents between the Antarctic-driven southeast portions of the Indian Ocean and the Tasman Sea 's Pacific Ocean waters provide a strait of powerful, wild storm waves. The shipwrecks on the Tasmanian and Victorian coastlines number in the hundreds, although stronger metal ships and modern marine navigation have greatly reduced the danger. Many vessels, some quite large, have disappeared without
2090-582: The islands in the strait are served either by Rex Airlines , QantasLink or King Island Airlines . The domestic sea route is serviced by two Spirit of Tasmania passenger vehicle ferries , based in Devonport , Tasmania. The ships travel daily between Devonport and Spirit of Tasmania Quay in Geelong as overnight trips, with additional daytime trips during the peak summer season. The Basslink HVDC electrical cable has been in service since 2006. It has
2145-449: The knowledge about sustainable, ecological techniques from all parts of the world. Soon after permaculture was first introduced and then put into practice by the public, Mollison recognized that permaculture principles encompassed a movement that included not only agriculture, horticulture, architecture, and ecology, but also economic systems, land access strategies, and legal systems for businesses and communities: As I saw permaculture in
2200-788: The land veered to the north-west at Eddystone Point , he tried to keep in with it but his ships were suddenly hit by the Roaring Forties howling through Bass Strait. Tasman was on a mission to find the Southern Continent, not more islands, so he abruptly turned away to the east and continued his continent hunting. The next European to approach the strait was Captain James Cook in the HMS Endeavour in April 1770. However, after sailing for two hours westward towards
2255-611: The late 1960s, he started developing ideas about stable agricultural systems on the southern Australian island state of Tasmania. This resulted from his own personal observations of the growth and use of the industrial-agricultural methods that he believed had rapidly degraded the soil of his native state. In his view, these same methods posed a danger because they were highly dependent on non-renewable resources, and were additionally poisoning land and water, reducing biodiversity , and removing billions of tons of topsoil from previously fertile landscapes. Writes Mollison: After many years as
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2310-617: The mainland coastline: A number of oil and gas fields exist in the eastern portion of Bass Strait, in what is known as the Gippsland Basin. Most large fields were discovered in the 1960s, and are located about 50 to 65 km (30 to 40 mi) off the coast of Gippsland in water depths of about 70 m (230 ft). These oil fields include the Halibut Field discovered in 1967, the Cobia Field discovered in 1972,
2365-562: The most famous UFO incidents in Australian history occurred over Bass Strait. Frederick Valentich was flying a small aeroplane over the strait when he reported to personnel at a local airport that a strange object was buzzing his plane. He then claimed that the object had moved directly in front of his plane; the airport personnel then heard a metallic "scraping" sound, followed by silence. Valentich and his plane subsequently vanished and neither Valentich nor his plane were ever seen again. The issue of planes, ships and people having been lost in
2420-547: The northeastern tip of Tasmania and Point Hicks on the Australian mainland. Jennings' study of the submarine topography of Bass Strait described the bathymetric Bass Basin, a shallow depression approximately 120 km (70 mi) wide and 400 km (250 mi) long (over 65,000 km [25,000 sq mi] in area) in the centre of Bass Strait, a maximum depth is the channel between Inner Sister Island and Flinders Island , which navigation charts indicate reaches 155 m (510 ft). Two underwater plateaus ,
2475-561: The strait against the wind, he turned back east and noted in his journal that he was "doubtful whether they [i.e. Van Diemen's Land and New Holland] are one land or no". The strait was named after George Bass , after he and Matthew Flinders sailed across it while circumnavigating Van Diemen's Land (now named Tasmania ) in the Norfolk in 1798–99. At Flinders' recommendation, the Governor of New South Wales, John Hunter , in 1800 named
2530-410: The strait over time has spawned a number of theories. Perhaps the most thorough list of losses and disappearances has been the oft reprinted book of Jack Loney though it is possible that most losses can be adequately explained by extreme weather events. On the popular Australian soap Neighbours , one of its most dramatic storylines unfolded when a 1940s themed joy flight to Tasmania was sabotaged by
2585-418: The stretch of water between the mainland and Van Diemen's Land "Bass's Straits". In 1798 it became known as Bass Strait. The existence of the strait had been suggested in 1797 by the master of Sydney Cove when he reached Sydney after deliberately grounding his foundering ship and being stranded on Preservation Island (at the eastern end of the strait). He reported that the strong south westerly swell and
2640-597: The tides and currents suggested that the island was in a channel linking the Pacific and southern Indian Ocean. Governor Hunter thus wrote to Joseph Banks in August 1797 that it seemed certain a strait existed. When news of the 1798 discovery of Bass Strait reached Europe, the French government despatched a reconnaissance expedition commanded by Nicolas Baudin . This prompted Governor King to send two vessels from Sydney to
2695-502: The wholesale collapse of biological systems. In 1974–75, he and David Holmgren "jointly evolved a framework for a sustainable agricultural system based on a multi-crop of perennial trees, shrubs, herbs (vegetables and weeds), fungi, and root systems" for which they coined the word "permaculture". Holmgren was a student at the radical Environmental Design School in the Tasmanian College of Environmental Education. Mollison
2750-692: The world how to grow food and be sustainable using permaculture design principles. Bruce Charles "Bill" Mollison was born in 1928 in the Bass Strait fishing village of Stanley located in the north-west of Tasmania , Australia. In 1987, he moved from Tasmania to Tyalgum in the Tweed Valley of northern New South Wales , where he lived for the next decade before returning to Tasmania. He spent his final years at Sisters Beach , north-western Tasmania. He died in Hobart, Tasmania, in 2016, aged 88. He
2805-484: Was a senior tutor in the Psychology Dept of the University of Tasmania." Originally intended as a contraction of permanent agriculture, Mollison quickly realised it was a system for permanent culture, as without a productive landscape, a healthy ecology and a circular economy , no culture would survive. Permaculture began as both a positive concept – open to new information – and a practice that could integrate
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#17327726852982860-399: Was formed and Tasmania became an isolated island. Like the rest of the waters surrounding Tasmania, and particularly because of its limited depth, it is notoriously rough, with many ships lost there during the 19th century. A lighthouse was erected on Deal Island in 1848 to assist ships navigating in the eastern part of the Straits, but there were no guides to the western entrance until
2915-460: Was in 1982 by Mark Paul and Les Tokolyi. In 1998 Australian offshore sailor Nick Moloney took on a different challenge by being the first person to windsurf unaided across the Bass Strait in a time of 22 hours. In terms of dinghy sailing many crossings have been made but in March 2005 Australian Olympic medallist Michael Blackburn set a record when he crossed the strait in just over 13 hours in
2970-449: Was made by Jack Bark, Brad Gaul and Zeb Walsh, leaving Wilsons Promontory in Victoria on 25 February 2014 and arriving at Cape Portland in northeastern Tasmania on 4 March 2014. Rod Harris, Ian and Peter Richards are credited with the first kayak crossing in 1971. Many sea kayakers have since made the crossing, usually by island hopping on the eastern side of the strait. Fewer sea kayak crossings have been made via King Island, due to
3025-518: Was survived by his fifth wife, Lisa, four daughters and two sons. Mollison left school at age 15 to help run the family bakery. In the following 10 years he worked as a shark fisherman, seaman, forester, mill worker, trapper, snarer, tractor-driver and naturalist. In 1954, at the age of 26, Mollison joined and worked for the 'Wildlife Survey Section' of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). In
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