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63-556: Notable features along the route include the summit of Mount Monadnock; Eliza Adams Gorge; the classic New England town commons of Nelson and Washington ; the New Hampshire Audubon Society's Nye Meadow Refuge; Otter Brook and Andorra Forest; the high heath barrens of Pitcher Mountain , Hubbard Hill, and Jackson Hill; Lovewell Mountain ; 8 miles (13 km) of the Sunapee Ridge; and Lake Solitude ,

126-721: A classical chamber music group which attempts to bring members of cultures in conflict closer together through music, is also in Nelson. Nelson is located in the eastern part of Cheshire County, in southwestern New Hampshire. Its eastern border is the Hillsborough County line. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 23.3 square miles (60.3 km ), of which 21.9 square miles (56.7 km ) are land and 1.4 square miles (3.5 km ) are water, comprising 5.88% of

189-434: A lifeguard to keep alert for any signs of distress. Swimmers often wear specialized swimwear , although depending on the area's culture, some swimmers may also swim nude or wear their day attire. In addition, a variety of equipment can be used to enhance the swimming experience or performance, including but not limited to the use of swimming goggles , floatation devices , swim fins , and snorkels . Swimming relies on

252-508: A Swiss–German professor of languages, wrote the earliest known complete book about swimming, Colymbetes, sive de arte natandi dialogus et festivus et iucundus lectu ( The Swimmer, or A Dialogue on the Art of Swimming and Joyful and Pleasant to Read ). Competitive swimming in Europe started around 1800, mostly using the breaststroke, which started as the current breaststroke arms and the legs of

315-472: A bridge, and consequently bivouacked in rather careless fashion on the opposite bank; but he sent across a detachment of [Batavii], who were accustomed to swim easily in full armour across the most turbulent streams. ... Thence the Britons retired to the river Thames at a point near where it empties into the ocean and at flood-tide forms a lake. This they easily crossed because they knew where the firm ground and

378-591: A complete guidebook with topographic maps is published by the Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway Trail Club. Weather along the MSG is typical of southern New Hampshire . Conditions on exposed hill tops and summits may be harsher during cold or stormy weather. Weather atop the exposed and isolated 3,100-foot (940 m) summit of Mount Monadnock can be much more severe than conditions below; high winds are common year round and winter storms on

441-406: A defined stroke for propulsion through the water is unnecessary, and untrained swimmers may use a ' doggy paddle ' of arm and leg movements, similar to how four-legged animals swim. Four main strokes are used in competition and recreational swimming: the front crawl , breaststroke , backstroke , and butterfly . In non-competitive swimming, there are some additional swimming strokes, including

504-404: A factor of three to achieve the same effect as reducing resistance. Efficient swimming by reducing water resistance involves a horizontal water position, rolling the body to reduce the breadth of the body in the water, and extending the arms as far as possible to reduce wave resistance. Just before plunging into the pool, swimmers may perform exercises such as squatting . Squatting helps enhance

567-421: A lower centre of gravity and higher muscle content, human males find it more difficult to float or be buoyant. See also: Hydrostatic weighing . Since the human body is less dense than water, water can support the body's weight during swimming. As a result, swimming is "low-impact" compared to land activities such as running. The density and viscosity of water also create resistance for objects moving through

630-496: A mountaintop tarn near the summit of Mount Sunapee. A number of lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and other wetlands are also located along the route. The MSGT extends from the summit of Mount Monadnock to the summit of Mount Sunapee through Cheshire County , Sullivan County , and Merrimack County . The MSG passes through the following incorporated communities: Jaffrey , Dublin , Harrisville , Nelson , Stoddard , Washington , Goshen , and Newbury, New Hampshire . Mount Monadnock,

693-455: A potential hazard. The trail passes through black bear habitat, although problems with bears are rare. More likely are problem encounters with domestic dogs. Skunks , raccoons , and porcupines are common and active after dark. Poisonous snakes are considered extinct along the route. Poison ivy is uncommon on the MSGT and it does not thrive on Mount Monadnock at all. Some water sources along

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756-496: A submarine while it is submerged. Due to regular exposure to large bodies of water, all recruits in the United States Navy , Marine Corps , and Coast Guard are required to complete basic swimming or water survival training. Swimming is also a professional sport. Companies sponsor swimmers who have the skills to compete at the international level. Many swimmers compete competitively to represent their home countries in

819-443: A survival reflex. Swimming requires endurance, skill, and efficient techniques to maximize speed and minimize energy consumption. Swimming is a popular activity and competitive sport where certain techniques are deployed to move through water. It offers numerous health benefits, such as strengthened cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and increased flexibility. It is suitable for people of all ages and fitness levels. Swimming

882-468: A swimmer's start by warming up the thigh muscles. Human babies demonstrate an innate swimming or diving reflex from newborn until approximately ten months. Other mammals also demonstrate this phenomenon (see mammalian diving reflex ). The diving response involves apnea , reflex bradycardia , and peripheral vasoconstriction ; in other words, babies immersed in water spontaneously hold their breath, slow their heart rate, and reduce blood circulation to

945-725: A waterfront lifeguard receives more rigorous training than a poolside lifeguard. Well-known aquatic training services include the National Lifesaving Society and the Canadian Red Cross , which specialize in training lifeguards in North America. Learning basic water safety skills, such as swimming with a buddy and knowing how to respond to emergencies, is essential for swimmers of all levels. Some occupations require workers to swim, such as abalone and pearl diving, and spearfishing . Swimming

1008-471: Is a rugged monadnock contiguous with the southern part of Sunapee Ridge; several scenic outlooks on ledges provide views of the surrounding countryside. Mount Sunapee, 2,743 feet (836 m), is the high point of a mountainous 10-mile (16 km) ridgeline that spans four towns. The ridge offers scenic vistas from more than a dozen distinct peaks along its length and from the Mount Sunapee ski area on

1071-540: Is also used in marine biology to observe plants and animals in their natural habitat. Other sciences use swimming; for example, Konrad Lorenz swam with geese as part of his studies of animal behavior . Swimming also has military purposes. Military swimming is usually done by special operation forces, such as Navy SEALs and US Army Special Forces . Swimming is used to approach a location, gather intelligence, engage in sabotage or combat, and subsequently depart. This may also include airborne insertion into water or exiting

1134-466: Is an accepted version of this page Swimming is the self- propulsion of a person through water or other liquid, such as saltwater or freshwater environments, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival. Swimmers achieve locomotion by coordinating limb and body movements to achieve hydrodynamic thrust that results in directional motion. Newborns can instinctively hold their breath underwater and exhibit rudimentary swimming movements as part of

1197-463: Is both the goal of much voluntary presence and the prime means of regaining land in accidental situations. Most recorded water deaths fall into these categories: Adverse effects of swimming can include: Around any pool area, safety equipment is often important, and is a zoning requirement for most residential pools in the United States. Supervision by personnel trained in rescue techniques

1260-444: Is consistently among the top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum. As a formalized sport, swimming is featured in various local, national, and international competitions, including every modern Summer Olympics . Swimming involves repeated motions known as strokes to propel the body forward. While the front crawl , also known as freestyle ,

1323-436: Is often recommended for individuals with joint conditions or injuries, as the buoyancy of water reduces stress on the joints. However, swimmers with arthritis may wish to avoid swimming breaststroke, as improper technique can exacerbate arthritic knee pain. As with most aerobic exercise, swimming reduces the harmful effects of stress. Swimming also improves health for people with cardiovascular problems and chronic illnesses. It

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1386-697: Is on power and water feel. The sport was governed internationally by the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA). In December of 2022, FINA rebranded to World Aquatics. World Aquatics recognizes competitions of the 25 meter and 50 meter pools for International Competitions. In the United States, a pool of 25 yards in length is commonly used for competition, especially in the College Level. Other swimming and water-related sporting disciplines include open water swimming , diving , synchronized swimming , water polo , triathlon , and

1449-468: Is primarily a cardiovascular/aerobic exercise due to the long exercise time, requiring a constant oxygen supply, except for short sprints where the muscles work anaerobically. Furthermore, swimming can help tone and strengthen muscles. Regular swimming can help in weight management and contribute to maintaining a healthy body weight. (Robinson 2022) Swimming allows sufferers of arthritis to exercise affected joints without worsening their symptoms. Swimming

1512-410: Is primarily used for hiking , backpacking , and in the winter, snowshoeing . Portions of the trail are suitable for, and are used for, backcountry skiing . Site-specific activities enjoyed along the route include hunting , fishing , boating , and swimming . The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail in southern New Hampshire and central Massachusetts continues south where the MSGT leaves off. This extends

1575-452: Is proven to impact the mental health of pregnant women and mothers positively. Swimming can even improve mood. Although many forms of physical activity have been shown to improve bone density and health, this is where swimming has its downfalls. Due to the low-impact nature of the sport, studies have demonstrated that bone mass acquisition will be negatively impacted, which could be an issue for adolescent athletes in particular. Since 2010,

1638-437: Is regularly maintained, and is considered moderately difficult hiking. Mount Monadnock is regarded as a challenging hike for novice hikers during favorable weather conditions. As the crow flies, the MSGT route is never more than a mile or two from a public road, however, cliffs and steep terrain make access much more difficult in some areas. Trail descriptions are available from a number of commercial and non-commercial sources, and

1701-805: Is required at most competitive swimming meets and public pools. Traditionally, children were considered not able to swim independently until 4 years of age, although now infant swimming lessons are recommended to prevent drowning. In Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland, the curriculum for the fifth grade (fourth grade in Estonia) states that all children should learn to swim as well as how to handle emergencies near water. Most commonly, children are expected to be able to swim 200 metres (660 ft)—of which at least 50 metres (160 ft) on their back – after first falling into deep water and getting their head under water. Even though about 95 percent of Swedish school children know how to swim, drowning remains

1764-408: Is used to rescue people in the water who are in distress, including exhausted swimmers, non-swimmers who have accidentally entered the water, and others who have come to harm on the water. Lifeguards or volunteer lifesavers are deployed at many pools and beaches worldwide to fulfil this purpose, and they, as well as rescue swimmers , may use specific swimming styles for rescue purposes. Swimming

1827-494: Is widely regarded as the fastest of the four main strokes, other strokes are practiced for special purposes, such as training. Swimming comes with certain risks, mainly because of the aquatic environment where it takes place. For instance, swimmers may find themselves incapacitated by panic and exhaustion , both potential causes of death by drowning . Other dangers may arise from exposure to infection or hostile aquatic fauna. To minimize such eventualities, most facilities employ

1890-484: The Americans with Disabilities Act has required that swimming pools in the United States be accessible to disabled swimmers. "Water-based exercise can benefit older adults by improving quality of life and decreasing disability. It also improves or maintains the bone health of post-menopausal women." Swimming is an ideal workout for the elderly, as it is a low-impact sport with very little risk of injury. Exercise in

1953-676: The Olympics . Professional swimmers may also earn a living as entertainers, performing in water ballets . Locomotion by swimming over brief distances is frequent when alternatives are precluded. There have been cases of political refugees swimming in the Baltic Sea and of people jumping in the water and swimming ashore from vessels not intended to reach land where they planned to go. There are many risks associated with voluntary or involuntary human presence in water, which may result in death directly or through drowning asphyxiation . Swimming

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2016-442: The modern pentathlon . To prioritize safety when swimming, swimmers can ensure that there are certified lifeguards present, swimming in designated areas, and being aware of potential hazards such as currents and underwater obstacles. As a popular leisure activity done all over the world, one of the primary risks of swimming is drowning . Drowning may occur from a variety of factors, from swimming fatigue to simply inexperience in

2079-525: The rattan seats and backs. At one time, Munsonville had 1,000 homesteads and 10 school districts. The mills have since closed, and Munsonville is today a resort of summer homes. Nelson is the home of a popular Monday night contradance . Similar dances have been held for over 200 years in Nelson's town hall. Many make the claim that this is the longest running public contradance in the world, though there have been no attempts to document this as an "official" record. The Apple Hill Center for Chamber Music ,

2142-611: The sidestroke . The sidestroke, toward the end of the 19th century, changed this pattern by raising one arm above the water first, then the other, and then each in turn. It is still used in lifesaving and recreational swimming. Other strokes exist for particular reasons, such as training, school lessons, and rescue, and it is often possible to change strokes to avoid using parts of the body, either to separate specific body parts, such as swimming with only arms or legs to exercise them harder, or for amputees or those affected by paralysis. Swimming has been recorded since prehistoric times , and

2205-527: The MSG, except in established fire rings in state park campgrounds. 43°14′18″N 72°04′50″W  /  43.23833°N 72.08056°W  / 43.23833; -72.08056 Nelson, New Hampshire Nelson is a town in Cheshire County , New Hampshire , United States. The population was 629 at the 2020 census , down from 729 at the 2010 census . Nelson includes the village of Munsonville . Originally named " Monadnock No. 6",

2268-784: The butterfly stroke. In 1873, John Arthur Trudgen introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions. The butterfly was developed in the 1930s and was considered a variant of the breaststroke until it was accepted as a separate style in 1953. There are many reasons why people swim, from a recreational pursuit to swimming as a necessary part of a job or other activity. Swimming may also be used to rehabilitate injuries, especially various cardiovascular and muscle injuries. Professional opportunities in swimming range from competitive sports to coaching, lifeguarding, and working in aquatic therapy. Some may be gifted and choose to compete professionally and go on to claim fame. Many swimmers swim for recreation, with swimming consistently ranking as one of

2331-400: The center of Nelson. The town is crossed by New Hampshire Route 9 . As of the census of 2010, there were 729 people, 303 households, and 208 families residing in the town. The population density was 33.3 inhabitants per square mile (12.9/km ). There were 460 housing units, of which 157, or 34.1%, were vacant. 144 of the vacant units were for seasonal or recreational use. The racial makeup of

2394-749: The cold". The coastal tribes living in the volatile Low Countries were known as excellent swimmers by the Romans . Men and horses of the Batavi tribe could cross the Rhine without losing formation, according to Tacitus . Dio Cassius describes one surprise tactic employed by Aulus Plautius against the Celts at the Battle of the Medway : The [British Celts] thought that Romans would not be able to cross it without

2457-425: The current program includes events from 50 m to 1500 m in length, across all four main strokes and medley. During the season competitive swimmers typically train multiple times per day and week to increase endurance, strength, and preserve fitness. Furthermore when the cycle of work is completed swimmers go through a stage called taper where intensity is reduced in preparation for competition season. During taper, focus

2520-909: The dam spillway on Howe Reservoir. The Nye Meadow Refuge is an important great blue heron rookery managed by the Audubon Society of New Hampshire. Otter Brook and Andorra Forest, 15,000 acres (61 km), collectively the largest conservation area in southwest New Hampshire, are cooperatively managed by The Nature Conservancy and the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests and include extensive tracts of northern hardwood forest , wetlands, and rare plant communities. Pitcher Mountain, 2,153 feet (656 m), Hubbard Hill, 1,846 feet (563 m), and Jackson Hill, 2,061 feet (628 m), offer wide views from upland heath barrens and blueberry fields. Lovewell Mountain, 2,473 feet (754 m),

2583-671: The earliest records of swimming date back to Stone Age paintings from around 7,000 years ago. Written references date from 2000 BCE. Some earliest references include the Epic of Gilgamesh , the Iliad , the Odyssey , the Bible (Ezekiel 47:5, Acts 27:42, Isaiah 25:11), Beowulf , and other sagas. In 450 BC, Herodotus described a failed seaborne expedition of Mardonius with the words "…those who could not swim perished from that cause, others from

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2646-490: The early 19th century. Washington, 1,507 feet (459 m), is the highest incorporated town in New Hampshire; it is 1-foot (0.30 m) higher than the next-highest town, the ski resort community of Waterville Valley Notable bodies of water along the trail route include Seavers Reservoir, Howe Reservoir, Chesham Pond, Silver Lake , Childs Bog, Center Pond, Halfmoon Pond, and the mountaintop Lake Solitude. The MSG

2709-517: The easy passages in this region were to be found, but the Romans in attempting to follow them were not so successful. However, the [Batavii] swam across again and some others got over by a bridge a little way up-stream, after which they assailed the barbarians from several sides at once and cut down many of them. The Talmud , a compendium of Jewish law written compiled c. 500 CE, requires fathers to teach their son how to swim. In 1538, Nikolaus Wynmann,

2772-494: The extremities (fingers and toes). Because infants exhibit instinctual swimming behaviors, though formal training is recommended to reinforce these abilities. , classes for babies about six months old are offered in many locations. This helps build muscle memory and makes strong swimmers from a young age. Swimming can be undertaken using a wide range of styles, known as 'strokes,' and which are used for different purposes or to distinguish between classes in competitive swimming. Using

2835-605: The height of land separating the watersheds of the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, Nelson became primarily an agricultural community. The uneven surface proved good for grazing . But with streams rising from four ponds to provide water power , it also developed industry. The village of Munsonville, situated on the stage line at the outlet of Granite Lake , manufactured cotton cloth and chairs. The L. J. Colony Chair Co. produced between 25,000 and 30,000 chairs annually, hiring women and children from local farms to weave

2898-435: The nearly neutral buoyancy of the human body. On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float. However, buoyancy varies based on body composition, lung inflation, muscle and fat content, centre of gravity and the salinity of the water. Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy. Because they tend to have

2961-656: The overall hiking possibilities another 210 miles (340 km) via the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail and its logical extensions, the Metacomet and Mattabesett Trails in Connecticut . To the north, the Sunapee-Ragged-Kearsarge Greenway Trail continues from the northern terminus of the MSG via a 75-mile (121 km) loop trail to Mount Kearsarge , Ragged Mountain , Bog Mountain and back to Mount Sunapee. The MSG

3024-432: The period 2013–2017, the estimated median annual income for a household in the town was $ 71,500, and the median income for a family was $ 90,313. Male full-time workers had a median income of $ 48,000 versus $ 48,542 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 38,514. About 12.4% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.0% of those under age 18. Human swimming This

3087-402: The physical activities people are most likely to participate in. Recreational swimming can also be used for exercise, relaxation, or rehabilitation. The support of the water and the reduction in impact make swimming accessible for people unable to undertake activities such as running. Swimming is one of the most relaxing activities, and water is known to calm us and help reduce stress. Swimming

3150-724: The south, and part of Granite Lake is in the north. The village of Munsonville is located at the outlet of Granite Lake. The highest point in Nelson is the summit of Osgood Hill (also known as Nelson Pinnacle), with an elevation of 2,253 feet (687 m) above sea level . The town is crossed by the Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway , a 50-mile-long (80 km) hiking trail that traverses the highlands of southern New Hampshire from Mount Monadnock in Jaffrey to Mount Sunapee in Newbury . The trail passes directly through

3213-413: The southern terminus of the MSG, is the most prominent peak of southeast New England. At 3,165 feet (965 m) high, it is 1,000 feet (300 m) higher than any mountain peak within 30 miles (48 km) and rises 2,000 feet (610 m) above the surrounding landscape. Its bare, rocky summit provides expansive views. Eliza Adams Gorge is a scenic and rocky eastern hemlock -clad ravine located just below

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3276-493: The summit can be life-threatening. Lightning is a hazard on exposed peaks and ledges during thunderstorms. Snow is common in the winter and may necessitate the use of cross country skis or snowshoes. Ice can form on exposed ledges and summits, making hiking dangerous without special equipment. Snow and ice tend to linger on Mount Monadnock well into the spring. Biting insects can be bothersome during warm weather. Parasitic deer ticks (which are known to carry Lyme disease ) are

3339-430: The summit. Other notable peaks along its length include White Ledges, 2,700 feet (820 m), which overlooks Lake Solitude; Lucia's Lookout, 2,500 feet (760 m); an unnamed southern summit, 2,230 feet (680 m); and Kittredge Hill, 2,140 feet (650 m). The commons of Washington and Nelson are small and bucolic classic New England town centers with little commercial development and with architecture dating back to

3402-538: The third most common cause of death among children. In both the Netherlands and Belgium swimming lessons under school time ( schoolzwemmen , school swimming) are supported by the government. Most schools provide swimming lessons. There is a long tradition of swimming lessons in the Netherlands and Belgium, the Dutch translation for the breaststroke swimming style is even schoolslag (schoolstroke). In France, swimming

3465-514: The town was 97.7% White , 0.0% African American , 0.0% Native American , 0.5% Asian , and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. Of the 303 households in the town, 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were headed by married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% were someone living alone who

3528-418: The town was granted in 1752 by Governor Benning Wentworth . It was first settled in 1767 by Breed Batchelder. On February 22, 1774, the town was incorporated by Governor John Wentworth as "Packersfield", after a major proprietor, Thomas Packer, the sheriff at Portsmouth, New Hampshire . The name was changed in 1814 to Nelson in honor of Viscount Horatio Nelson , British admiral and naval hero. Located on

3591-710: The town. The eastern part of the town drains towards the Contoocook River , a tributary of the Merrimack River and part of the Gulf of Maine watershed, while the western part of the town feeds tributaries of the Ashuelot River , part of the Connecticut River watershed draining to Long Island Sound . Spoonwood Pond and part of Nubanusit Lake are in the east. Part of Silver Lake is in

3654-463: The trail flow through inhabited areas or swamps and may be contaminated. Vehicle-accessible campgrounds with basic amenities are located off the MSG via side trails at Monadnock State Park on the south side of Mount Monadnock, and at Mount Sunapee State Park and Pillsbury State Park on the west side of Sunapee Ridge. The MSGTC maintains several backcountry campsites and four lean-tos available to backpackers. Campfires are generally prohibited on

3717-450: The water works out all muscle groups, helping with conditions such as muscular dystrophy which is common in seniors. It is also a common way to relieve pain from arthritis. Swimming as a sport predominantly involves participants competing to be the fastest over a given distance in a certain period of time. Competitors swim different distances in different levels of competition. For example, swimming has been an Olympic sport since 1896, and

3780-472: The water. Swimming strokes use this resistance to create propulsion, but this same resistance also generates drag on the body. Hydrodynamics is important to stroke technique for swimming faster, and swimmers who want to swim faster or exhaust less try to reduce the drag of the body's motion through the water. To be more hydrodynamically effective, swimmers can either increase the power of their strokes or reduce water resistance. However, power must increase by

3843-433: The water. From 2005 to 2014, an average of 3,536 fatal unintentional drownings occurred in the United States, approximating 10 deaths a day. To minimize the risk and prevent potential drownings from occurring, lifeguards are often employed to supervise swimming locations such as public pools, waterparks, lakes and beaches. Different lifeguards receive different training depending on the sites that they are employed at; i.e.

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3906-428: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41, and the average family size was 2.79. 19.1% of the town population were under the age of 18, 9.1% were from 18 to 24, 20.1% were from 25 to 44, 35.3% were from 45 to 64, and 16.3% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males. For

3969-558: Was first suggested by Allen Chamberlain , formerly president of the Appalachian Mountain Club , in 1919 and was laid out in 1921 by the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests (SPNHF). But the hurricane of 1938 and World War II "effectively ended the original trail; it was not maintained again." The trail was re-established after a study by the SPNHF in 1974. The MSG is blazed with white rectangles. It

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