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41-456: Data mining projects in the 1990s required improved analytical database support. This resulted in a CWI spin-off called Data Distilleries, which used early MonetDB implementations in its analytical suite. Data Distilleries eventually became a subsidiary of SPSS in 2003, which in turn was acquired by IBM in 2009. MonetDB in its current form was first created in 2002 by doctoral student Peter Boncz and professor Martin L. Kersten as part of

82-658: A CWI spinoff . Work at the institute was recognized by national or international research awards, such as the Lanchester Prize (awarded yearly by INFORMS ), the Gödel Prize (awarded by ACM SIGACT ) and the Spinoza Prize . Most of its senior researchers hold part-time professorships at other Dutch universities, with the institute producing over 170 full professors during the course of its history. Several CWI researchers have been recognized as members of

123-471: A CWI spinoff . Work at the institute was recognized by national or international research awards, such as the Lanchester Prize (awarded yearly by INFORMS ), the Gödel Prize (awarded by ACM SIGACT ) and the Spinoza Prize . Most of its senior researchers hold part-time professorships at other Dutch universities, with the institute producing over 170 full professors during the course of its history. Several CWI researchers have been recognized as members of

164-615: A modular software architecture. By 2008, a follow-on project called X100 (MonetDB/X100) started, which evolved into the VectorWise technology. VectorWise was acquired by Actian Corporation , integrated with the Ingres database and sold as a commercial product. In 2011 a major effort to renovate the MonetDB codebase was started. As part of it, the code for the MonetDB 4 kernel and its XQuery components were frozen. In MonetDB 5, parts of

205-478: A result there is limited overhead - providing a functional Python integration with speed matching native SQL functions. The Embedded Python functions also support mapped operations, allowing user to execute Python functions in parallel within SQL queries. The practical side of the feature gives users access to Python/NumPy/ SciPy libraries, which can provide a large selection of statistical/analytical functions. Following

246-599: A self-organizing fashion. The authors from the CWI Database Architectures group, composed of Milena Ivanova, Martin Kersten , Niels Nes and Romulo Goncalves, won the "Best Paper Runner Up" at the ACM SIGMOD 2009 conference for their work on Query Recycling. MonetDB was one of the first databases to introduce Database Cracking. Database Cracking is an incremental partial indexing and/or sorting of

287-648: Is a research centre in the field of mathematics and theoretical computer science . It is part of the institutes organization of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and is located at the Amsterdam Science Park . This institute is famous as the creation site of the programming language Python . It was a founding member of the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM). The institute

328-417: Is a research centre in the field of mathematics and theoretical computer science . It is part of the institutes organization of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and is located at the Amsterdam Science Park . This institute is famous as the creation site of the programming language Python . It was a founding member of the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM). The institute

369-405: Is an architecture for reusing the byproducts of the operator-at-a-time paradigm in a column store DBMS. Recycling makes use of the generic idea of storing and reusing the results of expensive computations. Unlike low-level instruction caches, query recycling uses an optimizer to pre-select instructions to cache. The technique is designed to improve query response times and throughput, while working in

410-532: Is intended to give users access to functions of the R statistical software for in-line analysis of data stored in the RDBMS. It complements the existing support for C UDFs and is intended to be used for in-database processing . Similarly to the embedded R UDFs in MonetDB, the database now has support for UDFs written in Python / NumPy . The implementation uses Numpy arrays (themselves Python wrappers for C arrays), as

451-502: Is stored in the file repository in the original format, and loaded in the database in a lazy fashion, only when needed. The system can also process the data upon ingestion, if the data format requires it. As a result, even very large file repositories can be efficiently analyzed, as only the required data is processed in the database. The data can be accessed through either the MonetDB SQL or SciQL interfaces. The Data Vault technology

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492-434: Is the top layer, providing query interface for SQL , with SciQL and SPARQL interfaces under development. Queries are parsed into domain-specific representations, like relational algebra for SQL, and optimized. The generated logical execution plans are then translated into MonetDB Assembly Language (MAL) instructions, which are passed to the next layer. The middle or back-end layer provides a number of cost-based optimizers for

533-548: Is to easily embed an SQLite -like package with the performance of an in-memory optimized columnar store. A number of former extensions have been deprecated and removed from the stable code base over time. Some notable examples include an XQuery extension removed in MonetDB version 5; a JAQL extension, and a streaming data extension called Data Cell . Centrum Wiskunde %26 Informatica The Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (abbr. CWI ; English: "National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science")

574-616: Is used in the European Union PlanetData Archived 2014-05-30 at the Wayback Machine and TELEIOS project, together with the Data Vault technology, providing transparent access to large scientific data repositories. Data Vaults map the data from the distributed repositories to SciQL arrays, allowing for improved handling of spatio-temporal data in MonetDB. SciQL will be further extended for

615-718: The Electrologica X1 and Electrologica X8 , were both designed at the centre, and Electrologica was created as a spinoff to manufacture the machines. In 1983, the name of the institute was changed to Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) to reflect a governmental push for emphasizing computer science research in the Netherlands. The institute is known for its work in fields such as operations research , software engineering , information processing, and mathematical applications in life sciences and logistics . More recent examples of research results from CWI include

656-592: The Electrologica X1 and Electrologica X8 , were both designed at the centre, and Electrologica was created as a spinoff to manufacture the machines. In 1983, the name of the institute was changed to Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) to reflect a governmental push for emphasizing computer science research in the Netherlands. The institute is known for its work in fields such as operations research , software engineering , information processing, and mathematical applications in life sciences and logistics . More recent examples of research results from CWI include

697-660: The Human Brain Project . Data Vault is a database-attached external file repository for MonetDB, similar to the SQL/MED standard. The Data Vault technology allows for transparent integration with distributed/remote file repositories. It is designed for scientific data data exploration and mining , specifically for remote sensing data. There is support for the GeoTIFF ( Earth observation ), FITS ( astronomy ), MiniSEED ( seismology ) and NetCDF formats. The data

738-778: The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , the Academia Europaea , or as knights in the Order of the Netherlands Lion . In February 2017, CWI in association with Google announced a successful collision attack on SHA 1 encryption algorithm. CWI was an early user of the Internet in Europe, in the form of a TCP/IP connection to NSFNET . Piet Beertema at CWI established one of

779-407: The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , the Academia Europaea , or as knights in the Order of the Netherlands Lion . In February 2017, CWI in association with Google announced a successful collision attack on SHA 1 encryption algorithm. CWI was an early user of the Internet in Europe, in the form of a TCP/IP connection to NSFNET . Piet Beertema at CWI established one of

820-543: The 1990s' MAGNUM research project at University of Amsterdam . It was initially called simply Monet, after the French impressionist painter Claude Monet . The first version under an open-source software license (a modified version of the Mozilla Public License ) was released on September 30, 2004. When MonetDB version 4 was released into the open-source domain, many extensions to the code base were added by

861-661: The MAL. The bottom layer is the database kernel, which provides access to the data stored in Binary Association Tables (BATs). Each BAT is a table consisting of an Object-identifier and value columns, representing a single column in the database. MonetDB internal data representation also relies on the memory addressing ranges of contemporary CPUs using demand paging of memory mapped files, and thus departing from traditional DBMS designs involving complex management of large data stores in limited memory. Query recycling

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902-664: The Mathematics Institute also helped with designing the wings of the Fokker F27 Friendship airplane, voted in 2006 as the most beautiful Dutch design of the 20th century. The computer science component developed soon after. Adriaan van Wijngaarden , considered the founder of computer science (or informatica ) in the Netherlands, was the director of the institute for almost 20 years. Edsger Dijkstra did most of his early influential work on algorithms and formal methods at CWI. The first Dutch computers,

943-519: The Mathematics Institute also helped with designing the wings of the Fokker F27 Friendship airplane, voted in 2006 as the most beautiful Dutch design of the 20th century. The computer science component developed soon after. Adriaan van Wijngaarden , considered the founder of computer science (or informatica ) in the Netherlands, was the director of the institute for almost 20 years. Edsger Dijkstra did most of his early influential work on algorithms and formal methods at CWI. The first Dutch computers,

984-697: The MonetDB/CWI team, including a new SQL front end, supporting the SQL:2003 standard. MonetDB introduced innovations in all layers of the DBMS : a storage model based on vertical fragmentation, a modern CPU -tuned query execution architecture that often gave MonetDB a speed advantage over the same algorithm over a typical interpreter-based RDBMS . It was one of the first database systems to tune query optimization for CPU caches . MonetDB includes automatic and self-tuning indexes, run-time query optimization, and

1025-571: The October 2014 release. With the July 2015 release, MonetDB gained support for read-only data sharding and persistent indices. In this release the deprecated streaming data module DataCell was also removed from the main codebase in an effort to streamline the code. In addition, the license has been changed into the Mozilla Public License, version 2.0 . MonetDB architecture is represented in three layers, each with its own set of optimizers. The front end

1066-485: The SQL layer of the system. This is done using the native R support for running embedded in another application, inside the RDBMS in this case. Previously the MonetDB.R connector allowed the using MonetDB data sources and process them in an R session. The newer R integration feature of MonetDB does not require data to be transferred between the RDBMS and the R session, reducing overhead and improving performance. The feature

1107-414: The SQL layer were pushed into the kernel. The resulting changes created a difference in internal APIs , as it transitioned from MonetDB Instruction Language (MIL) to MonetDB Assembly Language (MAL). Older, no-longer maintained top-level query interfaces were also removed. First was XQuery , which relied on MonetDB 4 and was never ported to version 5. The experimental Jaql interface support was removed with

1148-484: The data. It directly exploits the columnar nature of MonetDB. Cracking is a technique that shifts the cost of index maintenance from updates to query processing. The query pipeline optimizers are used to massage the query plans to crack and to propagate this information. The technique allows for improved access times and self-organized behavior. Database Cracking received the ACM SIGMOD 2011 J.Gray best dissertation award. A number of extensions exist for MonetDB that extend

1189-690: The development of scheduling algorithms for the Dutch railway system (the Nederlandse Spoorwegen , one of the busiest rail networks in the world) and the development of the Python programming language by Guido van Rossum . Python has played an important role in the development of the Google search platform from the beginning, and it continues to do so as the system grows and evolves. Many information retrieval techniques used by packages such as SPSS were initially developed by Data Distilleries,

1230-512: The development of scheduling algorithms for the Dutch railway system (the Nederlandse Spoorwegen , one of the busiest rail networks in the world) and the development of the Python programming language by Guido van Rossum . Python has played an important role in the development of the Google search platform from the beginning, and it continues to do so as the system grows and evolves. Many information retrieval techniques used by packages such as SPSS were initially developed by Data Distilleries,

1271-622: The first two connections outside the United States to the NSFNET (shortly after France's INRIA ) for EUnet on 17 November 1988. The first Dutch country code top-level domain issued was cwi.nl. When this domain cwi.nl was registered, on 1 May 1986, .nl effectively became the first active ccTLD outside the United States . For the first ten years CWI, or rather Beertema, managed the .nl administration, until in 1996 this task

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1312-444: The first two connections outside the United States to the NSFNET (shortly after France's INRIA ) for EUnet on 17 November 1988. The first Dutch country code top-level domain issued was cwi.nl. When this domain cwi.nl was registered, on 1 May 1986, .nl effectively became the first active ccTLD outside the United States . For the first ten years CWI, or rather Beertema, managed the .nl administration, until in 1996 this task

1353-694: The functionality of the database engine. Due to the three-layer architecture, top-level query interfaces can benefit from optimizations done in the backend and kernel layers. MonetDB/SQL is a top-level extension, which provides complete support for transactions in compliance with the SQL:2003 standard. MonetDB/GIS is an extension to MonetDB/SQL with support for the Simple Features Access standard of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). SciQL an SQL-based query language for science applications with arrays as first class citizens. SciQL allows MonetDB to effectively function as an array database . SciQL

1394-485: The module has a SAM/BAM data loader and a set of SQL UDFs for working with DNA data. The module uses the popular SAMtools library. MonetDB/RDF is a SPARQL -based extension for working with linked data, which adds support for RDF and allowing MonetDB to function as a triplestore . Under development for the Linked Open Data 2 project. MonetDB/R module allows for UDFs written in R to be executed in

1435-488: The release of an embedded driver for R and R UDFs in MonetDB (MonetDB/R), the authors created an embedded version of MonetDB in R called MonetDBLite , embedded versions for Python and Java followed. They are distributed as embeddable packages, removing the need to manage a database server, required for the previous API integrations. The DBMS runs within the process itself, eliminating socket communication and serialisation overhead - greatly improving efficiency. The idea behind it

1476-618: The work of its researchers at the disposal of society, mainly by collaborating with commercial companies and creating spin-off businesses. In 2000 CWI established "CWI Incubator BV", a dedicated company with the aim to generate high tech spin-off companies. Some of the CWI spinoffs include: 52°21′23″N 4°57′07″E  /  52.35639°N 4.95194°E  / 52.35639; 4.95194 CWI Amsterdam The Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (abbr. CWI ; English: "National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science")

1517-545: Was founded in 1946 by Johannes van der Corput , David van Dantzig , Jurjen Koksma , Hendrik Anthony Kramers , Marcel Minnaert and Jan Arnoldus Schouten . It was originally called Mathematical Centre (in Dutch: Mathematisch Centrum ). One early mission was to develop mathematical prediction models to assist large Dutch engineering projects, such as the Delta Works . During this early period,

1558-406: Was founded in 1946 by Johannes van der Corput , David van Dantzig , Jurjen Koksma , Hendrik Anthony Kramers , Marcel Minnaert and Jan Arnoldus Schouten . It was originally called Mathematical Centre (in Dutch: Mathematisch Centrum ). One early mission was to develop mathematical prediction models to assist large Dutch engineering projects, such as the Delta Works . During this early period,

1599-459: Was transferred to its spin-off SIDN. The Amsterdam Internet Exchange (one of the largest Internet Exchanges in the world, in terms of both members and throughput traffic) is located at the neighbouring SARA (an early CWI spin-off) and Nikhef institutes. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) office for the Benelux countries is located at CWI. CWI has demonstrated a continuing effort to put

1640-404: Was transferred to its spin-off SIDN. The Amsterdam Internet Exchange (one of the largest Internet Exchanges in the world, in terms of both members and throughput traffic) is located at the neighbouring SARA (an early CWI spin-off) and Nikhef institutes. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) office for the Benelux countries is located at CWI. CWI has demonstrated a continuing effort to put

1681-464: Was used in the European Union 's TELEIOS project, which was aimed at building a virtual observatory for Earth observation data. Data Vaults for FITS files have also been used for processing astronomical survey data for The INT Photometric H-Alpha Survey (IPHAS) MonetDB has a SAM/BAM module for efficient processing of sequence alignment data. Aimed at the bioinformatics research,

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