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71-569: Mono County was partitioned from Calaveras , Fresno , and Mariposa counties in 1861. Aurora was named as the initial county seat. In 1863, a detailed survey concluded that Aurora was in the Territory of Nevada instead and after it was named the seat of Esmeralda County, Nevada , the county seat was moved to Bridgeport by election in 1864. The county records were hauled from Aurora to Bridgeport and stored in Kingsley's Inn, which served as

142-994: A cranial capacity about 10 percent less than that of the male. However, later studies show that women's skulls are slightly thicker and thus men may be more susceptible to head injury than women. However, other studies shows that men's skulls are slightly thicker in certain areas. Some studies show that females are more susceptible to concussion than males. Men's skulls have also been shown to maintain density with age, which may aid in preventing head injury, while women's skull density slightly decreases with age. Male skulls can all have more prominent supraorbital ridges , glabella , and temporal lines . Female skulls generally have rounder orbits and narrower jaws. Male skulls on average have larger, broader palates , squarer orbits, larger mastoid processes , larger sinuses , and larger occipital condyles than those of females. Male mandibles typically have squarer chins and thicker, rougher muscle attachments than female mandibles. The cephalic index

213-509: A large amount of tension on the "obstetrical hinge", which is where the squamous and lateral parts of the occipital bone meet. A possible complication of this tension is rupture of the great cerebral vein . As growth and ossification progress, the connective tissue of the fontanelles is invaded and replaced by bone creating sutures . The five sutures are the two squamous sutures , one coronal , one lambdoid , and one sagittal suture . The posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks, but

284-401: A preserve of giant sequoia trees, is in the county several miles east of the town of Arnold on State Highway 4 . Credit for the discovery of giant sequoias there is given to Augustus T. Dowd, a trapper who made the discovery in 1852 while tracking a bear. When the bark from the " Discovery Tree " was removed and taken on tour around the world, the trees became a worldwide sensation and one of

355-403: A series of only loosely connected bones. Lampreys and sharks only possess a cartilaginous endocranium, with both the upper jaw and the lower jaws being separate elements. Bony fishes have additional dermal bone , forming a more or less coherent skull roof in lungfish and holost fish. The lower jaw defines the chin. The simpler structure is found in jawless fish , in which the cranium

426-482: Is a general aviation airport located just southeast of San Andreas. Angels Camp is the only incorporated city located in Calaveras County. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Calaveras County. † county seat 38°13′N 120°33′W  /  38.21°N 120.55°W  / 38.21; -120.55 Human skull The skull , or cranium ,

497-444: Is a phenomenon wherein intense intracranial pressure disfigures the internal surface of the skull. The name comes from the fact that the inner skull has the appearance of having been beaten with a ball-peen hammer , such as is often used by coppersmiths . The condition is most common in children. Injuries to the brain can be life-threatening. Normally the skull protects the brain from damage through its high resistance to deformation;

568-555: Is a product of cephalization and vesicular enlargement of the brain, with several special senses structures such as the eyes , ears , nose , tongue and in fish specialized tactile organs such as barbels near the mouth. The skull is composed of three types of bone : cranial bones, facial bones and ossicles , which is made up of a number of fused flat and irregular bones . The cranial bones are joined at firm fibrous junctions called sutures and contains many foramina , fossae , processes , and sinuses . In zoology ,

639-706: Is commemorated with a brass plaque mounted in the sidewalk of downtown Historic Angels Camp and this feature is known as the Frog Hop of Fame. In 2015, Calaveras County had the highest rate of suicide deaths in the United States, with 49.1 per 100,000 people. The Spanish word calaveras means "skulls." The county takes its name from the Calaveras River ; it was said to have been named by Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga , during his 1806–1808 expeditions, when he found many skulls of Native Americans along

710-484: Is in the 8th Senate District , represented by Democrat Angelique Ashby . In the State Assembly , it is in the 5th Assembly District , represented by Republican Joe Patterson . Past presidential elections in Calaveras County have displayed preferences for Republican candidates; the last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964 , although Democrat Bill Clinton lost

781-414: Is land and 17 square miles (44 km ) (1.6%) is water. A California Department of Forestry report lists the county's area in acres as 663,000, although the exact figure would be 663,477.949 acres (2,685.00000 km ). There are a number of caverns located in Calaveras County. The 2010 United States Census reported that Calaveras County had a population of 45,578. The racial makeup of Calaveras County

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852-405: Is no space for the brain to expand; this can result in significant brain damage or death unless an urgent operation is performed to relieve the pressure. This is why patients with concussion must be watched extremely carefully. Repeated concussions can activate the structure of skull bones as the brain's protective covering. Dating back to Neolithic times, a skull operation called trepanning

923-414: Is normally represented by a trough-like basket of cartilaginous elements only partially enclosing the brain, and associated with the capsules for the inner ears and the single nostril. Distinctively, these fish have no jaws. Cartilaginous fish , such as sharks and rays, have also simple, and presumably primitive, skull structures. The cranium is a single structure forming a case around the brain, enclosing

994-423: Is one seventh of the size of the calvaria . (In the adult it is half the size). The base of the skull is short and narrow, though the inner ear is almost adult size. Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant skull prematurely fuses, and changes the growth pattern of the skull. Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it grows more in

1065-452: Is the bone structure that forms the head in the human skeleton . It supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain . Like the skulls of other vertebrates, it protects the brain from injury. The skull consists of three parts, of different embryological origin—the neurocranium , the sutures , and the facial skeleton . The neurocranium (or braincase ) forms the protective cranial cavity that surrounds and houses

1136-431: Is the ratio of the width of the head, multiplied by 100 and divided by its length (front to back). The index is also used to categorize animals, especially dogs and cats. The width is usually measured just below the parietal eminence , and the length from the glabella to the occipital point. Humans may be: The vertical cephalic index refers to the ratio between the height of the head multiplied by 100 and divided by

1207-406: Is typically a bony enclosure around the brain of a vertebrate . In some fish , and amphibians , the skull is of cartilage . The skull is at the head end of the vertebrate. In the human the skull comprises two prominent parts: the neurocranium , and the facial skeleton . which evolved from the first pharyngeal arch . The skull forms the frontmost portion of the axial skeleton and

1278-704: The County of Calaveras , is a county in both the Gold Country and High Sierra regions of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2020 census , the population was 45,292. The county seat is San Andreas . Angels Camp is the county's only incorporated city. Calaveras is Spanish for "skulls"; the county was reportedly named for the remains of Native Americans discovered by the Spanish explorer Captain Gabriel Moraga . Calaveras Big Trees State Park ,

1349-403: The facial skeleton (14) are the vomer , two inferior nasal conchae , two nasal bones , two maxilla , the mandible, two palatine bones , two zygomatic bones , and two lacrimal bones . Some sources count a paired bone as one, or the maxilla as having two bones (as its parts); some sources include the hyoid bone or the three ossicles of the middle ear , the malleus, incus, and stapes, but

1420-738: The facial skeleton and splanchnocranium with the mandible being its largest bone. The mandible articulates with the temporal bones of the neurocranium at the paired temporomandibular joints . The skull itself articulates with the spinal column at the atlanto-occipital joint . Functions of the skull include physical protection for the brain, providing attachments for neck muscles , facial muscles and muscles of mastication , providing fixed eye sockets and outer ears ( ear canals and auricles ) to enable stereoscopic vision and sound localisation , forming nasal and oral cavities that allow better olfaction , taste and digestion , and contributing to phonation by acoustic resonance within

1491-405: The frontal bone ). The bones of the roof of the skull are initially separated by regions of dense connective tissue called fontanelles . There are six fontanelles: one anterior (or frontal), one posterior (or occipital), two sphenoid (or anterolateral), and two mastoid (or posterolateral). At birth, these regions are fibrous and moveable, necessary for birth and later growth. This growth can put

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1562-421: The skull base and its fossae , the anterior , middle and posterior cranial fossae changes rapidly. The anterior cranial fossa changes especially during the first trimester of pregnancy and skull defects can often develop during this time. At birth, the human skull is made up of 44 separate bony elements. During development, many of these bony elements gradually fuse together into solid bone (for example,

1633-404: The zygomatic processes . The fenestrae (from Latin, meaning windows ) are openings in the skull. The jugal is a skull bone that found in most of the reptiles, amphibians and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the zygomatic bone or malar bone. The prefrontal bone is a bone that separates the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls. The skull of fish is formed from

1704-636: The Stanislaus Mine, Carson Hill, Angels Camp , in Calaveras Co., California. It was named for the County of origin by chemist and mineralogist Frederick Augustus Genth who differentiated it from the known gold telluride mineral sylvanite , and formally reported it as a new gold mineral in 1868. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 1,037 square miles (2,690 km ), of which 1,020 square miles (2,600 km )

1775-630: The U.S., researchers replaced a large percentage of a patient's skull with a precision, 3D-printed polymer implant . About 9 months later, the first complete cranium replacement with a 3D-printed plastic insert was performed on a Dutch woman. She had been suffering from hyperostosis , which increased the thickness of her skull and compressed her brain. A study conducted in 2018 by the researchers of Harvard Medical School in Boston, funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH), suggested that instead of travelling via blood , there are "tiny channels" in

1846-422: The age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.85. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under

1917-461: The age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 31.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 41,022, and the median income for a family was $ 47,379. Males had a median income of $ 41,827 versus $ 28,108 for females. The per capita income for

1988-428: The anterior fontanel can remain open up to eighteen months. The anterior fontanelle is located at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones; it is a "soft spot" on a baby's forehead. Careful observation will show that you can count a baby's heart rate by observing the pulse pulsing softly through the anterior fontanelle. The skull in the neonate is large in proportion to other parts of the body. The facial skeleton

2059-469: The banks of the stream. He believed they had either died of famine or been killed in tribal conflicts over hunting and fishing grounds. A more likely cause was a European epidemic disease, acquired from interacting with other tribes near the Missions on the coast. The Stanislaus River , which forms the southern boundary, is named for Estanislao , a Lakisamni Yokuts who escaped from Mission San Jose in

2130-466: The bones either absent or wholly or partly replaced by cartilage. In mammals and birds, in particular, modifications of the skull occurred to allow for the expansion of the brain. The fusion between the various bones is especially notable in birds, in which the individual structures may be difficult to identify. The skull is a complex structure; its bones are formed both by intramembranous and endochondral ossification . The skull roof bones, comprising

2201-416: The bones of the facial skeleton and the sides and roof of the neurocranium, are dermal bones formed by intramembranous ossification, though the temporal bones are formed by endochondral ossification. The endocranium , the bones supporting the brain (the occipital, sphenoid , and ethmoid ) are largely formed by endochondral ossification. Thus frontal and parietal bones are purely membranous. The geometry of

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2272-462: The brain and brainstem . The upper areas of the cranial bones form the calvaria (skullcap). The facial skeleton (membranous viscerocranium) is formed by the bones supporting the face, and includes the mandible . The bones of the skull are joined by fibrous joints known as sutures— synarthrodial (immovable) joints formed by bony ossification , with Sharpey's fibres permitting some flexibility. Sometimes there can be extra bone pieces within

2343-566: The cavities and sinuses. In some animals such as ungulates and elephants , the skull also has a function in anti-predator defense and sexual selection by providing the foundation for horns , antlers and tusks . The English word skull is probably derived from Old Norse skulle , while the Latin word cranium comes from the Greek root κρανίον ( kranion ). The human skull fully develops two years after birth. The human skull

2414-584: The country. Other attractions include a thriving wine making industry, including the largest of the Calaveras wineries: Ironstone Vineyards , mountain sports recreation and the performing arts. Gold prospecting in Calaveras County began in late 1848 with a camp founded by Henry Angel. Angel may have first arrived in California as a soldier, serving under Colonel Frémont during the Mexican War. After

2485-523: The county by only 17 votes in 1992. In 2020, Republicans won 60% of the vote for the first time since 2004. The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. Calaveras Connect provides service in Angels Camp, San Andreas, and other communities in the county. Intercounty connections are available to Columbia ( Tuolumne County ), Jackson ( Amador County ) Calaveras County Airport

2556-848: The county was $ 21,420. About 8.7% of families and 11.80% of the population were below the poverty line , including 15.6% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over. The major Calaveras County employers include: 250–499 employees: 100–249 employees: Calaveras County is governed by a five-member Board of Supervisors . Supervisors are elected by district at the Consolidated Primary Election and serve for four years. Current Board of Supervisors: Gary Tofanelli (District 1); Jack Garamendi (District 2); Martin Huberty (District 3); Amanda Folendorf (District 4) and Benjamin Stopper (District 5). In January 2023 Gary Tofanelli

2627-404: The county's first tourist attractions. The uncommon gold telluride mineral calaverite was discovered in the county in 1861 and is named for it. Mark Twain set his story " The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County " in the county. The county hosts an annual fair and Jumping Frog Jubilee, featuring a frog-jumping contest, to celebrate the association with Twain's story. Each year's winner

2698-448: The county's territory were reassigned to Amador County in 1854 and to Alpine County in 1864. The county's geography includes landmarks, rolling hills, and giant valleys. It is also known for its friendly communities, and businesses such as agriculture management and construction engineering. It has numerous caverns , such as Mercer Caverns , California Cavern and Moaning Cavern that are national destinations for tourists from across

2769-641: The county, both locations would need to be maintained. The new Mammoth Lakes Courthouse was completed in 2011 and occupied in September of that year. Although the county seat and old courthouse is in Bridgeport, court administration and most proceedings are held in the two-courtroom building in Mammoth Lakes, completed in 2011. Calaveras County, California Calaveras County ( / ˌ k æ l ə ˈ v ɛr ə s / ), officially

2840-438: The desired sex. These procedures can be an important part of the treatment of transgender people for gender dysphoria . Artificial cranial deformation is a largely historical practice of some cultures. Cords and wooden boards would be used to apply pressure to an infant's skull and alter its shape, sometimes quite significantly. This procedure would begin just after birth and would be carried on for several years. Like

2911-531: The face, the skull and teeth can also indicate a person's life history and origin. Forensic scientists and archaeologists use quantitative and qualitative traits to estimate what the bearer of the skull looked like. When a significant amount of bones are found, such as at Spitalfields in the UK and Jōmon shell mounds in Japan, osteologists can use traits, such as the proportions of length, height and width, to know

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2982-407: The first county courthouse. The 2- 1 ⁄ 2 story Mono County Courthouse was completed in 1880, designed by J.R. Roberts and built by Charles Anton, Samuel Hopkins, and James Cain. The 1880 courthouse is still serving its original purpose as the north branch courthouse for the county, and is among the oldest operating courthouses in California. An annex was built in 1974. Court proceedings for

3053-418: The foramen magnum lies immediately above a single condyle , articulating with the first vertebra . There are, in addition, at various points throughout the cranium, smaller foramina for the cranial nerves. The jaws consist of separate hoops of cartilage, almost always distinct from the cranium proper. In ray-finned fish , there has also been considerable modification from the primitive pattern. The roof of

3124-438: The frontal (top of head), parietal (back of head), premaxillary and nasal (top beak), and the mandible (bottom beak). The skull of a normal bird usually weighs about 1% of the bird's total bodyweight. The eye occupies a considerable amount of the skull and is surrounded by a sclerotic eye-ring, a ring of tiny bones. This characteristic is also seen in reptiles. Living amphibians typically have greatly reduced skulls, with many of

3195-575: The late 1830s. He is reported to have raised a small group of men with crude weapons, hiding in the foothills when the Mexicans attacked. The natives were quickly decimated by Mexican firearms. In 1836, John Marsh , Jose Noriega , and a party of men went exploring in Northern California. They made camp along a river bed in the evening, and upon waking discovered that they had camped amid a great quantity of skulls and bones. They also gave

3266-484: The length of the head. Humans may be: Trepanning , a practice in which a hole is created in the skull, has been described as the oldest surgical procedure for which there is archaeological evidence, found in the forms of cave paintings and human remains. At one burial site in France dated to 6500 BCE, 40 out of 120 prehistoric skulls found had trepanation holes. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text in

3337-418: The lessening of the weight of the skull, the aiding of resonance to the voice and the warming and moistening of the air drawn into the nasal cavity . The foramina are openings in the skull. The largest of these is the foramen magnum , of the occipital bone, that allows the passage of the spinal cord as well as nerves and blood vessels . The many processes of the skull include the mastoid process and

3408-453: The lower jaw is composed of multiple bones, only the most anterior of which (the dentary) is homologous with the mammalian mandible. In living tetrapods, a great many of the original bones have either disappeared or fused into one another in various arrangements. Birds have a diapsid skull, as in reptiles, with a prelacrimal fossa (present in some reptiles). The skull has a single occipital condyle. The skull consists of five major bones:

3479-406: The lower surface and the sides, but always at least partially open at the top as a large fontanelle . The most anterior part of the cranium includes a forward plate of cartilage, the rostrum , and capsules to enclose the olfactory organs. Behind these are the orbits, and then an additional pair of capsules enclosing the structure of the inner ear . Finally, the skull tapers towards the rear, where

3550-441: The mid-nineteenth century, anthropologists found it crucial to distinguish between male and female skulls. An anthropologist of the time, James McGrigor Allan , argued that the female brain was similar to that of an animal. This allowed anthropologists to declare that women were in fact more emotional and less rational than men. McGrigor then concluded that women's brains were more analogous to infants, thus deeming them inferior at

3621-401: The openings in the skull are called fenestrae , the most prominent of which is the foramen magnum , where the brainstem goes through to join the spinal cord . In human anatomy , the neurocranium (or braincase), is further divided into the calvarium and the endocranium , together forming a cranial cavity that houses the brain. The interior periosteum forms part of the dura mater ,

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3692-442: The overall general consensus of the number of bones in the human skull is the stated twenty-two. Some of these bones—the occipital, parietal, frontal, in the neurocranium, and the nasal, lacrimal, and vomer, in the facial skeleton are flat bones . The skull also contains sinuses , air-filled cavities known as paranasal sinuses , and numerous foramina . The sinuses are lined with respiratory epithelium . Their known functions are

3763-493: The parallel direction. Sometimes the resulting growth pattern provides the necessary space for the growing brain, but results in an abnormal head shape and abnormal facial features. In cases in which the compensation does not effectively provide enough space for the growing brain, craniosynostosis results in increased intracranial pressure leading possibly to visual impairment, sleeping impairment, eating difficulties, or an impairment of mental development. A copper beaten skull

3834-399: The relationships of the population of the study with other living or extinct populations. The German physician Franz Joseph Gall in around 1800 formulated the theory of phrenology , which attempted to show that specific features of the skull are associated with certain personality traits or intellectual capabilities of its owner. His theory is now considered to be pseudoscientific . In

3905-697: The rich vein: the Stickle, the Utica, the Lightner, the Angels, and the Sultana. These mines reached their peaks during the 1880s and 1890s, when over 200 stamp mills crushed quartz ore brought in by hand cars on track from the mines. By the time hard rock mining was done, the five mines had produced a total of over $ 20 million in gold. The telluride mineral calaverite was first recognized and obtained in 1861 from

3976-525: The river the name Calaveras. Mark Twain spent 88 days in the county in 1865, during which he heard the story that became "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" at the Angel Hotel. This story kicked off his career and put Calaveras County on the map. Calaveras County was one of the original counties of the state of California, created in 1850 at the time of admission to the Union . Parts of

4047-536: The settlement was referred to as Angels Trading Post, later shortened to Angels Camp . Placer mining soon gave out around the camp, but an extensive gold-bearing quartz vein of the area's Mother Lode was located by the Winter brothers during the mid-1850s, and this brought in the foundations of a permanent town. This vein followed Main Street from Angels Creek up to the southern edge of Altaville. Five major mines worked

4118-474: The skull is formed from cartilage , and its overall structure is reduced. The skulls of the earliest tetrapods closely resembled those of their ancestors amongst the lobe-finned fishes . The skull roof is formed of a series of plate-like bones, including the maxilla, frontals , parietals , and lacrimals , among others. It is overlaying the endocranium , corresponding to the cartilaginous skull in sharks and rays . The various separate bones that compose

4189-455: The skull is generally well formed, and although the exact relationship of its bones to those of tetrapods is unclear, they are usually given similar names for convenience. Other elements of the skull, however, may be reduced; there is little cheek region behind the enlarged orbits, and little, if any bone in between them. The upper jaw is often formed largely from the premaxilla , with the maxilla itself located further back, and an additional bone,

4260-409: The skull is one of the least deformable structures found in nature, needing the force of about 1 ton to reduce its diameter by 1 cm. In some cases of head injury , however, there can be raised intracranial pressure through mechanisms such as a subdural haematoma . In these cases, the raised intracranial pressure can cause herniation of the brain out of the foramen magnum ("coning") because there

4331-459: The skull through which the immune cells combined with the bone marrow reach the areas of inflammation after an injury to the brain tissues. Surgical alteration of sexually dimorphic skull features may be carried out as a part of facial feminization surgery or facial masculinization surgery , these reconstructive surgical procedures that can alter sexually dimorphic facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to facial features of

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4402-482: The southern part of the county were held in a leased space in Mammoth Lakes , the county's only incorporated city. A study in 2003 showed that 90% of all court proceedings were held in Mammoth Lakes, prompting a 2006 Feasibility Report which concluded a new courthouse in that city was needed; because Bridgeport and Mammoth Lakes are approximately one hour's drive apart and there is no central population center in

4473-404: The suture known as Wormian bones or sutural bones . Most commonly these are found in the course of the lambdoid suture . The human skull is generally considered to consist of 22 bones—eight cranial bones and fourteen facial skeleton bones. In the neurocranium these are the occipital bone , two temporal bones , two parietal bones , the sphenoid , ethmoid and frontal bones . The bones of

4544-457: The symplectic, linking the jaw to the rest of the cranium. Although the skulls of fossil lobe-finned fish resemble those of the early tetrapods, the same cannot be said of those of the living lungfishes . The skull roof is not fully formed, and consists of multiple, somewhat irregularly shaped bones with no direct relationship to those of tetrapods. The upper jaw is formed from the pterygoids and vomers alone, all of which bear teeth. Much of

4615-413: The temporal bone of humans are also part of the skull roof series. A further plate composed of four pairs of bones forms the roof of the mouth; these include the vomer and palatine bones . The base of the cranium is formed from a ring of bones surrounding the foramen magnum and a median bone lying further forward; these are homologous with the occipital bone and parts of the sphenoid in mammals. Finally,

4686-554: The time. To further these claims of female inferiority and silence the feminists of the time, other anthropologists joined in on the studies of the female skull. These cranial measurements are the basis of what is known as craniology . These cranial measurements were also used to draw a connection between women and black people. Research has shown that while in early life there is little difference between male and female skulls, in adulthood male skulls tend to be larger and more robust than female skulls, which are lighter and smaller, with

4757-524: The war's end, he found himself in Monterey where he heard of the fabulous finds in the gold fields. He joined the Carson-Robinson party of prospectors and set out for the mines. The company parted ways upon reaching what later became known as Angels Creek. Henry Angel tried placer mining but soon opened a trading post. By the end of the year, over one hundred tents were scattered about the creek and

4828-668: Was 40 people per square mile (15 people/km ). There were 22,946 housing units at an average density of 22 per square mile (8.5/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 91.2% White , 0.8% Black or African American , 1.7% Native American , 0.9% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.1% from other races , and 3.3% from two or more races. 6.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 15.7% were of German , 13.0% English , 10.7% Irish , 7.4% Italian and 7.0% American ancestry according to Census 2000 . 94.5% spoke English and 4.0% Spanish as their first language. There were 16,469 households, out of which 26.7% had children under

4899-420: Was 40,522 (88.9%) White , 383 (0.8%) African American , 689 (1.5%) Native American , 571 (1.3%) Asian , 79 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 1,534 (3.4%) from other races , and 1,800 (3.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,703 persons (10.3%). As of the census of 2000, there were 40,554 people, 16,469 households, and 11,742 families residing in the county. The population density

4970-713: Was elected chair of the board and Jack Garamendi was elected Vice Chair. Teresa Hitchcock is the County Executive Officer and Sarah Edwards is the County Counsel. Both are appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the Board of Supervisors. Calaveras County is in California's 5th congressional district , represented by Republican Tom McClintock . In the State Senate , Calaveras County

5041-400: Was sometimes performed. This involved drilling a burr hole in the cranium. Examination of skulls from this period reveals that the patients sometimes survived for many years afterward. It seems likely that trepanning was also performed purely for ritualistic or religious reasons. Nowadays this procedure is still used but is normally called a craniectomy . In March 2013, for the first time in

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