The Mono River is the major river of eastern Togo .
20-513: Approximately 400 km (250 mi) long, and draining a basin of about 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi), it rises between the town of Sokodé and the border with Benin , and flows south. Along the southern portion of the river towards its mouth, it forms the international boundary between Togo and Benin. The river drains into the Bight of Benin through an extensive system of brackish water lagoons and lakes , including Lake Togo . Only
40-482: A swampy floodplain, and there is a large area of contiguous wetland in both Togo and Benin. This area has a rich growth of reeds, sedges and grasses, and manatees , crocodiles and hippopotamus occur in the river. 6°17′45″N 1°55′48″E / 6.2959°N 1.9299°E / 6.2959; 1.9299 Sokod%C3%A9 Sokodé is the second largest city in Togo , with a population of about 189,000. It
60-668: A system balanced between a municipal administration and traditional chiefs. Historically, the chiefs of various villages were included in a leadership council, the Tchaoudjo. Sokodé's region is characterized by a dense network of rivers and hilly terrain. The two main rivers are the Kpondjo and Kpandi, which flow into the Na which in turn feeds the Mono River . The border between the Mono and
80-988: Is Kosso, the Festival of Women, in which women dance in the Municipal Park in Sokodé City. Among others, major festivals are held by different Sokodé clans. In most festivals traditional dancers are invited from the region, as well as riders mimicking the Semassi warriors, spinning at full speed in the middle of the crowd. Among the places of worship , they are predominantly Muslim mosques. There are also Christian churches and temples : Roman Catholic Diocese of Sokodé ( Catholic Church ), Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Togo ( World Communion of Reformed Churches ), Togo Baptist Convention ( Baptist World Alliance ), Living Faith Church Worldwide , Redeemed Christian Church of God , Assemblies of God . The town
100-529: Is a commercial center for the surrounding agricultural areas, and seat of the Tchaoudjo Prefecture and Centrale Region . It is in the center of the country, 339 kilometres (211 mi) north of Lomé , between the Mo and Mono rivers. It is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious city, but is dominated by Islam . The ethnic majority are Kotokolis, who live alongside Muslims. Ancient indigenous stock of
120-546: Is home to AC Semassi F.C. who play at the Stade Municipal as do the Tchaoudjo Athlétic Club . 8°59′N 1°08′E / 8.983°N 1.133°E / 8.983; 1.133 Mono River The Mono River is the major river of eastern Togo . Approximately 400 km (250 mi) long, and draining a basin of about 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi), it rises between
140-588: Is the name that was given to these speakers by traders of the Niger Bend. Many other languages are spoken in Togo, especially Ewé , the dominant language of the south, and Kabyé , dominant language of the Kara region , further north. The Kotokoli and Kabyè languages are closely related. From the standpoint of urban landscape, the city can be divided into two parts: the center, with high density traditional housing, and
160-557: Is very variable, and depends on all the above factors. The economy of Sokodé is dominated by transport, trade and handicrafts. There is little industrial activity, like cotton ginning and sugar processing. Farmers grow primarily corn , cassava , yams , pepper and beans , and many gardeners and farmers live on the periphery of Sokodé. They have herds of cows in the fields. Meanwhile, nomadic Fulani frequently pass near Sokodé, with their herds of zebu en route between Burkina Faso and Nigeria. The vegetables are grown especially along
180-629: The China-Africa Development Fund agreed to support the project. The dam's construction is part of the government's plan to increase Benin's domestic power generation capacity from 20 to 70% as most of Togo and Benin's electricity currently needs to be imported from the Akosombo Dam in Ghana. About 35 km (22 mi) from its mouth, there are six series of rapids. Below this, the river becomes slow-moving and flows over
200-648: The Kpondjo and Inusayo rivers. Most agricultural areas are floodplains, with growers beginning cultivation following the rainy season. 'Gadao-Adossa-Kosso' : the main Kotokoli festival consists of three days of festivities, from Friday to Sunday. Celebrated the evening before Adossa, Gadao's function is to thank the ancestors for abundant harvests. Adossa, or the Festival of Knives, is an initiation rite originating with Semassi warriors who demonstrate their strength and courage by undergoing physical challenges. The next day
220-558: The Volta River drainage basins is located a few kilometers north of the city. It is now in the catchment of the river Mô . Sokodé is the city with the highest proportion of Muslims in Togo. 70% of the population is Muslim and the remaining 30% are Christians , mostly Catholics . Sokodé is home to the Tem people and most people in Sokodé speak Kotokoli (or Tem). The ethnonym Kotokoli
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#1732765167610240-406: The dry season from November to March. The rainfall is between 1,200 and 1,500 mm (47 and 59 in) per year and the number of rainy days varies between 100 and 130. The average temperature is 26 °C (79 °F) (1961–1990). The evaporation rate is high, estimated at 1,500 mm (59 in) / year, and is particularly marked in the harmattan period from November to January. The humidity
260-563: The ecology of the lagoon system at the river's mouth by reducing the natural seasonal fluctuations in river flow. A second dam project, Adjarala Dam , was proposed to be built on the river between Nangbeto and the river's mouth during the 1990s but did not receive financing until 2017 when the China-Africa Development Fund agreed to support the project. The dam's construction is part of the government's plan to increase Benin's domestic power generation capacity from 20 to 70% as most of Togo and Benin's electricity currently needs to be imported from
280-443: The lake behind it. The dam's construction displaced between 7,600 and 10,000 people, however, and studies indicate that it has substantially modified the ecology of the lagoon system at the river's mouth by reducing the natural seasonal fluctuations in river flow. A second dam project, Adjarala Dam , was proposed to be built on the river between Nangbeto and the river's mouth during the 1990s but did not receive financing until 2017 when
300-459: The part of the river nearest its mouth is navigable. Most of the river's basin on the upper tableland is cultivated for maize , yams , rice , cotton and cassava . The river is dammed 160 km (99 mi) from its mouth by the Nangbeto Dam , a partnership between Benin and Togo completed in 1987. Studies have reported economic benefits from the dam, including tourism and fishing in
320-539: The region mixed with more recent migrants of Gurma , from the eastern part of the Niger Bend , between Ouagadougou and Niamey , who brought the political system of chiefdoms with them. Added to this structure were Sudanese traders and craftsmen (the Mandinka , from historic Mali ) and Hausa , a dynamic force since the 16th century. By choosing, in late 1897, to establish an outpost at Sokodé, Germans entrenched
340-481: The role of the now dominant Kotokoli chiefdoms. The city developed in precolonial times as a commercial crossroads on the Kola nut route between Ghana and Benin . Currently it is center on the only north-south road in Togo, linking the capital Lomé to Burkina Faso . Urbanization accelerated during colonization. The city consists of older villages that have now become neighborhoods. Sokodé continues to be governed by
360-521: The suburbs, with housing becoming progressively less dense as one moves away from the center. Modern materials have been increasingly replacing traditional materials ( mudbrick ). Situated at an average altitude of 340 metres or 1,120 feet, midway between the ocean and the Sahel strip, Sokodé experiences a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ), with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, which lasts from April to October, peaking from July to September and
380-413: The town of Sokodé and the border with Benin , and flows south. Along the southern portion of the river towards its mouth, it forms the international boundary between Togo and Benin. The river drains into the Bight of Benin through an extensive system of brackish water lagoons and lakes , including Lake Togo . Only the part of the river nearest its mouth is navigable. Most of the river's basin on
400-468: The upper tableland is cultivated for maize , yams , rice , cotton and cassava . The river is dammed 160 km (99 mi) from its mouth by the Nangbeto Dam , a partnership between Benin and Togo completed in 1987. Studies have reported economic benefits from the dam, including tourism and fishing in the lake behind it. The dam's construction displaced between 7,600 and 10,000 people, however, and studies indicate that it has substantially modified
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