113-740: Monster Energy is an energy drink that was created by Hansen Natural Company (now Monster Beverage Corporation ) in April 2002. As of 2022, Monster Energy had a 30.1% share of the American energy drink market, the second-highest after Red Bull . As of July 2019, there were 34 different drinks under the Monster brand in North America, including its core Monster Energy line, Java Monster, Zero Ultra, Juice, Maxx, Hydro, HydroSport, Extra Strength, Dragon Tea, Muscle, Import, and Rehab. Monster Energy
226-467: A CBY1 -beta-catenin mechanism. Mutations at this gene affect the beta-catenin cascade involved in development, causing malformation of the extracellular matrix, resulting in loss of collagen. A lack of collagen here is both consistent with hEDS and explains the "floppy" mitral and aortic valve heart defects. A second genetic study specific to mitral valve prolapse focused on the PDGF signaling pathway, which
339-597: A Monster Jam monster truck sponsored by Monster Energy debuted in El Paso, Texas , with Damon Bradshaw driving. A second truck was introduced in Las Vegas at the Monster Jam World Finals in 2015, and is driven by Coty Saucier and Steven Sims. The design was created by McLean Design, a California-based strategic branding firm. The logo is composed of a vibrant green "M", composed of three lines on
452-644: A " marfanoid habitus" characterized by long, slender fingers ( arachnodactyly ), unusually long limbs, and a sunken chest ( pectus excavatum ) or protruding chest ( pectus carinatum ). It can be caused by variations in the gene PLOD1 , or rarely, in the FKBP14 gene. Arthrochalasia EDS (formerly categorized as types 7A and B) is characterized by severe joint hypermobility and congenital hip dislocation . Other common features include fragile, elastic skin with easy bruising, hypotonia , kyphoscoliosis ( kyphosis and scoliosis ), and mild osteopenia . Type-I collagen
565-484: A beverage review site that published an unfavorable review of the Monster Energy drink, Rock Art Brewery from Vermont that marketed a beer named "Vermonster", and the aquarium hobbyist site MonsterFishKeepers.com in 2012. The "Vermonster" case was even brought up by Senator Patrick Leahy in a study of problematic trademark litigation tactics. Monster Beverage dropped the lawsuit against the microbrewery due to
678-532: A connective tissue disorder, as the two have separate but not totally confounding etiologies. Eosinophilic esophagitis , an inflammatory condition characterized by allergic-type reactions to various foods and chemicals and extensive esophageal remodeling, is eight times more likely in patients with connective tissue disorders when compared to patients without. Functionally, small bowel dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying and delayed colonic transit are commonly related to EDS. These changes in transit speeds within
791-673: A correlation between connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and both structural and functional problems within the gastrointestinal tract. High incidences of coexisting inflammatory disorders suggest a correlation between connective tissue disorders and the development of such aforementioned conditions. Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease , ulcerative colitis and celiac disease are more common in EDS patients when compared to control groups. Of note, patients who are already diagnosed with an inflammatory bowel disorder are not necessarily likely to develop symptoms of
904-661: A field of black. The "M" is stylized in such a way as to imply that it is formed by the claws of a monster ripping through the can. In August 2017, Monster renewed a sponsorship with mixed martial arts champion Conor McGregor ; they are also endorsed by Cain Velasquez and Jon "Bones" Jones . In November 2012, the firm announced a long-term partnership with the Professional Bull Riders , and currently sponsors several riders including Jose Vitor Leme, Cody Teel, and Derek Kolbaba. Starting in 2018, they became
1017-552: A lawsuit to revoke the company trademark of Thunder Beast LLC of Washington, D.C., a small root beer brewery, insisting the use of "beast" in the company name encroached on Monster's trademark slogan, "Unleash the Beast". The owner of Thunder Beast, Stephen Norberg, was fighting Monster's lawsuit as of 2019. In August 2018, Monsta Pizza of Wendover in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, fought a claim brought by Monster Energy in
1130-518: A low-calorie "instant" energy drink that can be taken in one swallow (or "shot"), as opposed to energy drinks that encourage users to drink an entire can, which may contain 250 calories or more. A common energy shot is 5-hour Energy which contains B vitamins and caffeine in an amount similar to a cup of coffee. Energy drinks such as Red Bull are often used as mixers with alcoholic drinks , producing mixed drinks such as Vodka Red Bull which are similar to but stronger than rum and coke with respect to
1243-406: A thin nose and lips, and ears without lobes. Joint hypermobility is present, but generally confined to the small joints (fingers, toes). Other common features include club foot , tendon and/or muscle rupture, acrogeria (premature aging of the skin of the hands and feet), early-onset varicose veins , pneumothorax (collapse of a lung), the recession of the gums, and a decreased amount of fat under
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#17327834934331356-588: A time due to the high caffeine and taurine content. Classified as a drug, only limited amounts were allowed to be imported for personal use. In May 2009, it became legal to sell in Norway as the ban was in conflict with the European Economic Area 's laws on free competition. The Norwegian version has reduced levels of vitamin B6 . The Norwegian Food Safety Authority initially recommended an age limit on
1469-465: A youthful audience through social media channels. Energy drinks have the effects caffeine and sugar provide, but there is little or no evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients have any effect. Most of the effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance, such as increased attention and reaction speed, are primarily due to the presence of caffeine. Advertising for energy drinks usually features increased muscle strength and endurance, but there
1582-592: Is supportive in nature. Physical therapy and bracing may help strengthen muscles and support joints. Several medications can help alleviate symptoms of EDS such as pain and blood pressure drugs, which reduce joint pain and complications caused by blood vessel weakness. Some forms of EDS result in a normal life expectancy , but those that affect blood vessels generally decrease it. All forms of EDS can result in fatal outcomes for some patients. While hEDS affects at least one in 5,000 people globally, other types occur at lower frequencies. The prognosis depends on
1695-619: Is a type of functional beverage containing stimulant compounds, usually caffeine , which is marketed as providing mental and physical stimulation (marketed as "energy", but distinct from food energy ). They may or may not be carbonated and may also contain sugar, other sweeteners, or herbal extracts , among numerous other possible ingredients . They are a subset of the larger group of energy products, which includes bars and gels , and distinct from sports drinks , which are advertised to enhance sports performance. There are many brands and varieties in this drink category. Energy drinks have
1808-470: Is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by four major criteria of severe and intractable periodontitis of early-onset (childhood or adolescence), lack of attached gingiva , pretibial plaques, and family history of a first-degree relative who meets clinical criteria. Eight minor criteria may also contribute to the diagnosis of pEDS. Molecular testing may reveal mutations in C1R or C1S genes affecting
1921-422: Is caused by trauma(s) to the head and neck areas such as concussion and whiplash. Ligaments in neck are unable to heal properly, so the neck structure does not have the ability to support the skull, which can then sink into the brain stem, blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which in turn causes autonomic dysfunction. Arnold–Chiari malformation is also more frequently found in patients with EDS because of
2034-480: Is common, both conductive and sensorineural, and is most often bilateral. Otosclerosis and instability of the bones in the inner ear may also contribute to hearing loss Because it is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in childhood, some instances of EDS have been mischaracterized as child abuse. The pain may also be misdiagnosed as a behavior disorder or Munchausen by proxy . The pain associated with EDS ranges from mild to debilitating. Every type of EDS except
2147-455: Is in the genes COL5A2 , COL5A1 , and less frequently COL1A1 . It involves the skin more than hEDS. In classical EDS, large variation in symptom presentation is seen. Because of this variance, EDS has often been underdiagnosed. Without genetic testing, healthcare professionals may be able to provide a provisional diagnosis based on careful examination of the mouth, skin, and bones, as well as by neurological assessment. A good way to begin
2260-442: Is involved in growth factor ligands and receptor isoforms. Mutations in this pathway affect the ability to localize cilia in various cell types, including cardiac cells. With the resulting ciliopathies , structures such as the cardiac outflow tract , heart tube assembly, and cardiac fusion are limited and/or damaged. Classical EDS is characterized by extremely elastic skin that is fragile and bruises easily and hypermobility of
2373-625: Is issued for all food products containing guarana in the country, and Australian energy drink labels warn consumers to drink no more than two cans per day. Bridgetown in Western Australia became the first place in Australia to ban the sale of energy drinks to persons under 18 years for four months as of February 2023. Canada limits the amount of caffeine per serving to 180 mg. Energy drinks are also subject to certain labelling requirements. Some imported energy drinks have surpassed
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#17327834934332486-742: Is known for their sponsorship and support for extreme sports events, such as Bellator MMA , Ultimate Fighting Championship , ONE Championship , MotoGP , BMX , motocross , Motorcycle speedway , skateboarding , snowboarding and the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series (2017–19). Monster currently sponsors the FIA World Rallycross Championship , the Invictus Games Foundation, rally driver Oliver Solberg , two of Dreyer & Reinbold Racing's Nitro Rallycross drivers,
2599-528: Is limited to 100 mg/day, and pantothenic acid is limited to 10 mg/day. Ehlers%E2%80%93Danlos syndrome Ehlers–Danlos syndromes ( EDS ) are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders . Symptoms often include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy velvety skin, and abnormal scar formation. These may be noticed at birth or in early childhood. Complications may include aortic dissection , joint dislocations , scoliosis , chronic pain , or early osteoarthritis . The current classification
2712-548: Is little evidence to support this in the scientific literature. According to the Mayo Clinic , it is safe for the typical healthy adult to consume a total of 400 mg of caffeine a day. This has been confirmed by a panel of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which also concludes that a caffeine intake of up to 400 mg per day does not raise safety concerns for adults. According to
2825-785: Is no known genetic cause of hEDS. Recently, several labs and research initiatives have been attempting to uncover a potential hEDS gene. In 2018, the Ehlers–Danlos Society began the Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Genetic Evaluation (HEDGE) study. The ongoing study has screened over 1,000 people who have been diagnosed with hEDS by the 2017 criteria to evaluate their genome for a common mutation. To date, 200 people with hEDS have had whole genome sequencing , and 500 have had whole exome sequencing; this study aims to increase those numbers significantly. Promising outcomes of this increased screening have been reported by
2938-541: Is no scientific consensus to support these claims. Energy drinks have been associated with many health risks, such as an increased rate of injury when usage is combined with alcohol, and excessive or repeated consumption can lead to cardiac and psychiatric conditions. Populations at risk for complications from energy drink consumption include youth, caffeine-naïve or caffeine-sensitive, pregnant, competitive athletes and people with underlying cardiovascular disease. Energy drinks are usually marketed to young people and provide
3051-1104: Is not required to be displayed on product labels for food. However, companies often place the caffeine content of their drinks on the label regardless, and some advocates are urging the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to change this practice. Excessive consumption of energy drinks can have serious health effects resulting from high caffeine and sugar intakes, particularly in children, teens, and young adults. Excessive energy drink consumption may disrupt teens' sleep patterns and may be associated with increased risk-taking behavior. Excessive or repeated consumption of energy drinks can lead to cardiac problems, such as arrhythmias and heart attacks , and psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and phobias . The consumption of caffeinated energy drinks has been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular health, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, which can pose risks for individuals with underlying heart conditions. In Europe, energy drinks containing sugar and caffeine have been associated with
3164-443: Is not yet known. Splanchnic circulation, small fiber neuropathy and altered vascular compliance have all been named as potential contributors to gastrointestinal complaints, particularly for patients who have a known, comorbid autonomic condition. Chronic headaches are common in patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, whether related to dysautonomia , TMJ , muscle tension, or craniocervical instability . Craniocervical instability
3277-454: Is often seen, which means that when standing on one leg, the pelvis drops on the other side. Osgood–Schlatter disease , a painful lump on the knee, is common as well. In infants, walking can be delayed (beyond 18 months of age), and bottom-shuffling instead of crawling occurs. The weak connective tissue causes abnormal skin. This may present as stretchy or in other types simply be velvet soft. In all types, some increased fragility occurs, but
3390-401: Is soft, smooth, and velvety and bruises easily, and may have chronic muscle and/or bone pain. It affects the skin less than other forms. It has no available genetic test. hEDS is the most common of the 19 types of connective tissue disorders. Since no genetic test exists, providers have to diagnose hEDS based on what they know about the condition and the patient's physical attributes. Other than
3503-853: Is the primary sponsor for Yamaha Motor Racing in MotoGP since 2019 and also sponsors riders such as Valentino Rossi , Franco Morbidelli , and Francesco Bagnaia . The firm has also been the title sponsor of the Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix since 2014, and the British motorcycle Grand Prix since 2021. The brand has been the main sponsor of the Speedway Grand Prix and Speedway World Cup since 2012, and also supports several riders. Monster has sponsored motocross riders such as Jeremy McGrath , Chad Reed , Ryan Villopoto , Nate Adams , Taka Higashino and Ricky Carmichael. The brand sponsors
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3616-432: Is usually affected. It is very rare, with about 30 cases reported. It is more severe than the hypermobility type. Variations in the genes COL1A1 and COL1A2 cause it. Dermatosparaxis EDS (formerly categorized as type 7C) is associated with extremely fragile skin leading to severe bruising and scarring; saggy, redundant skin, especially on the face; hypermobility ranging from mild to serious; and hernias. Variations in
3729-486: The ADAMTS2 gene cause it. It is extremely rare, with around 11 cases reported worldwide. Brittle-cornea syndrome is characterized by the progressive thinning of the cornea , early-onset progressive keratoglobus or keratoconus, nearsightedness, hearing loss, and blue sclerae . Classic symptoms, such as hypermobile joints and hyperelastic skin, are also seen often. It has two types. Type 1 occurs due to variations in
3842-507: The CHST14 gene. Some other cases can be caused by variations in the DSE gene. As of 2021, 48 individuals have been reported to have mcEDS-CHST14, while 8 individuals have mcEDS-DSE. Bethlem myopathy 2 , formally known as Myopathic EDS (mEDS), is characterized by three major criteria: congenital muscle hypotonia and/or muscle atrophy that improves with age, proximal joint contractures of
3955-625: The TNXB gene. Spondylodysplastic EDS is characterized by short stature (progressive in childhood), muscle hypotonia (ranging from severe congenital to mild later-onset), and bowing of limbs. It can be caused by variations in both copies of the B4GALT7 gene. Other cases can be caused by variations in the B3GALT6 gene. People with variations in this gene can have kyphoscoliosis , tapered fingers, osteoporosis , aortic aneurysms , and problems with
4068-553: The ZNF469 gene. Type 2 is due to variations in the PRDM5 gene. Classical-like EDS is characterized by skin hyperextensibility with velvety skin texture and absence of atrophic scarring, generalized joint hypermobility with or without recurrent dislocations (most often shoulder and ankle), and easily bruised skin or spontaneous ecchymoses (discolorations of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath). It can be caused by variations in
4181-558: The Beastie Boys filed a lawsuit against the company for copyright infringement over Monster's use of their music played by Z-Trip in an online campaign. In 2014, a jury found Monster Beverage Corporation had infringed on Beastie Boys' copyright by using songs without permission, and owed the group $ 1.7 million. Christine Weick , an American Christian activist and author, created a video that argued that Monster Energy sports drinks are associated with Satan . The November 2014 video
4294-527: The C1r protein. Cardiac-valvular EDS (cvEDS) is characterized by three major criteria: severe progressive cardiac-valvular problems (affecting aortic and mitral valves), skin problems such as hyperextensibility, atrophic scarring, thin skin, and easy bruising, and joint hypermobility (generalized or restricted to small joints). Four minor criteria may aid in diagnosis of cvEDS. cvEDS is an autosomal recessive disorder, inherited through variation in both alleles of
4407-544: The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) banned the sale of Monster and other energy drinks that contained both caffeine and ginseng. The varieties of Monster include: In 2023, Monster launched the Monster Beast line of alcoholic drinks. Beast Unleashed launched with several flavors designed to be similar to original Monster Energy products, but with no sugar or caffeine. The Nasty Beast line
4520-806: The PBR: Unleash the Beast Professional Bull Riders tour, the bag of golfer Tiger Woods , F1 team McLaren as well as the helmets of the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 drivers. The company also has a strong presence in the music industry, promoting a number of bands and artists around the world in the Monster Energy Outbreak Tour, like Fetty Wap , Iggy Azalea , 21 Savage , Asking Alexandria , Anthrax , Strange Music , The Word Alive , Machine Gun Kelly , Suicidal Tendencies , Maximum
4633-755: The Red Bull product, a worldwide bestseller in the 21st century. Mateschitz developed Red Bull based on the Thai drink Krating Daeng , itself based on Lipovitan. Red Bull became the dominant brand in the US after its introduction in 1997, with a market share of approximately 47% in 2005. In New Zealand and Australia, the leading energy drink product in those markets, V , was introduced by Frucor Beverages . The product now represents over 60% of market in New Zealand and Australia. In 2002, Hansen Natural Company introduced
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4746-512: The US court system or US Patent and Trademark Office 's (USPTO) Trademark Trial and Appeal Board , making them a poster child for "trademark bullying" which the USPTO defines as "a trademark owner that uses its trademark rights to harass and intimidate another business beyond what the law might be reasonably interpreted to allow." Examples of such lawsuits include the 2009 ones against Bevreview.com,
4859-517: The functional beverages ' added ingredients such as B vitamins, inositol, glucuronolactone, and taurine. It argued that nutritional supplements should be added to foods only when necessary for public health, such as in the case of iodised salt . High caffeine content was also stated as an issue – only amounts up to 150 mg/L were allowed in beverages; in 2009 the limit was raised to 320 mg/L and taurine and glucuronolactone were approved as ingredients, making energy drinks legal. As of 2024 ,
4972-775: The health effects of caffeine . Health experts agree that energy drinks which contain caffeine do improve alertness. There is no reliable evidence that other ingredients in energy drinks provide further benefits, even though the drinks are frequently advertised in a way that suggests they have unique benefits. The dietary supplements in energy drinks may be purported to supply benefits, such as for vitamin B12 , but no claims of using supplements to enhance health in otherwise normal people have been verified scientifically. Marketing of energy drinks has been particularly directed towards teenagers, with manufacturers sponsoring or advertising at extreme sports events and music concerts, and targeting
5085-674: The 2021 AMA Pro Motocross Championship with Dylan Ferrandis, and the 2022 AMA Supercross and AMA Pro Motocross Championships with Eli Tomac. The brand also is the main sponsor of the Honda and Hero factory teams in the FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship and later the World Rally-Raid Championship since 2016 and 2023 respectively. In June 2015, Monster agreed to a sponsorship deal with Zayat Stables to sponsor
5198-478: The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration advises against energy drink consumption for children; with only limited consumption of energy drinks (250 mL (8.5 U.S. fl oz) per day, assuming no other caffeine intake) for children between 15 and 17 years old. In June 2016, Latvia banned the sale of energy drinks containing caffeine or stimulants like taurine and guarana to people under
5311-526: The EFSA this is equivalent to 4 cups of coffee (90 mg each) or 2 1/2 standard cans (250 ml) of energy drink (160 mg each/80 mg per serving). Adverse effects associated with caffeine consumption in amounts greater than 400 mg include nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness, increased urination, abnormal heart rhythms ( arrhythmia ), and dyspepsia . In the United States, caffeine dosage
5424-1081: The Hormone , Korn , Poppy , Papa Roach , and Five Finger Death Punch . The caffeine content of most Monster Energy drinks is approximately 10 mg/oz (33.81 mg / 100 ml), or 160 mg for a 16oz (473 ml) can. The packaging usually contains a warning label advising consumers against drinking more than 48oz per day (500 ml per day in Australia). The drinks are not recommended for pregnant women or people sensitive to caffeine. The ingredients include carbonated water , sucrose , glucose , citric acid , natural flavors , taurine , sodium citrate , color added , panax ginseng root extract , L -carnitine L -tartrate , caffeine , sorbic acid , benzoic acid , niacinamide , sodium chloride , Glycine max glucuronolactone , inositol , guarana seed extract , pyridoxine hydrochloride , sucralose , riboflavin , maltodextrin , and cyanocobalamin . Energy drinks have been associated with health risks, such as masking
5537-537: The Kawasaki, and Yamaha motocross factory teams. In 2016, the firm has aided the return of factory Yamaha to United States as the title sponsor of the team, officially named Monster Energy/360fly/Chaparral/Yamaha Factory Racing. During this time, Monster Energy served as a title sponsor for the Star Racing Yamaha team, which also took over the 450 program from Factory Yamaha in 2021. They have gone on to win
5650-535: The Norris Lab, led by Russell Norris, in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at Medical University of South Carolina . Using CRISPR Cas-9 mediated genome editing on mouse models of the disease, the lab has recently identified a "very strong candidate gene" for hEDS. This finding, and a greater understanding of cardiac complications associated with the majority of EDS subtypes, has led to
5763-456: The Norris lab is attempting to find this gene is by looking at genes involved in the formation of the aorta and mitral valves, as these valves are often prolapsed or malformed as a symptom of EDS. Because hEDS is such a complex, multi-organ disease, focusing on one hallmark trait has proven successful. One gene found this way is DZIP1 , which regulates cardiac valve development in mammals through
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#17327834934335876-410: The US in 2010. Energy drinks generally contain methylxanthines (including caffeine), B vitamins, carbonated water , and high-fructose corn syrup or sugar (for non-diet versions). Other common ingredients are guarana , yerba mate , açaí , and taurine , plus various forms of ginseng , maltodextrin , inositol , carnitine , creatine , glucuronolactone , sucralose or ginkgo biloba . In
5989-513: The United States and Grupo Jumex in Mexico. Monster became the title sponsor of NASCAR 's top series starting with the 2017 season, renaming it to the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series . The name lasted through 2019; although Monster offered to extend the sponsorship, NASCAR rejected it in favor of a new sponsorship model. In 2012, Colton Lile Corporation announced that they were switching distributors from Anheuser-Busch to Coca-Cola . In 2012,
6102-516: The United States, some energy drinks, including Monster Energy and Rockstar Energy, were reported to be rebranding their products as drinks rather than as dietary supplements. As drinks they would be relieved of FDA reporting requirements with respect to deaths and injuries and can be purchased with food stamps , but must list ingredients on the can. Some places ban the sale of prepackaged caffeinated alcoholic drinks, which can be described as energy drinks containing alcohol. In response to these bans,
6215-427: The United States, the caffeine content of energy drinks is in the range of 40 to 250 mg per 8 fluid ounce (237 ml) serving. The FDA recommends that 400 mg per day is safe for adults, while 1200 mg per day can be toxic . Globally, energy drinks are typically attractive to youths and young adults. In 2017, global energy drink sales were about 44 billion euros . In 2017, manufacturers were modifying
6328-600: The adverse publicity the lawsuit generated. In a four year case from 2015 to 2019, Monster sued Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment (MLSE), the parent of the Toronto Raptors , and the NBA . MLSE and NBA had applied to register the Raptor's logo Raptors, a basketball with three diagonal claw gashes, for various goods and services. The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board dismissed Monster's claim. In March 2016, Monster filed
6441-415: The age of 18. In November 2012, President Ramzan Kadyrov of Chechnya (Russian Federation) ordered his government to develop a bill banning the sale of energy drinks, arguing that as a form of "intoxicating drug", such drinks were "unacceptable in a Muslim society". Kadyrov cited reports of one death and 530 hospital admissions in 2012 due to "poisoning" from the consumption of such drinks. A similar view
6554-512: The age of 18. In November 2014, Lithuania became the first country in the EU to ban the selling of energy drinks to anyone under the age of 18. The Baltic state placed the ban in reaction to research showing how popular energy drinks were among minors. According to the AFP reports roughly 10% of school-aged Lithuanians say they consume energy drinks at least once a week. Norway did not allow Red Bull for
6667-515: The amount of caffeine that they contain. Sometimes this is configured as a bomb shot , such as the Jägerbomb or the F-Bomb — Fireball Cinnamon Whisky and Red Bull. Caffeinated alcoholic drinks are also sold in some countries in a wide variety of formulations. The American products Four Loko and Joose originally combined caffeine and alcohol before caffeinated alcoholic drinks were banned in
6780-599: The case. Additionally later that month, it was discovered that over 100 trademark complaints had been filed in Japan, including complaints against the Pokémon (1996–), Monster Hunter (2004–), and Monster Musume (2012–) franchises, the first of which predates the Monster Energy brand by over half a decade. Monster Energy has occasionally been on the other side of copyright infringement lawsuits. For example, in August 2012,
6893-458: The company. Monster Energy has insisted that its energy drink played no role in Fournier's death. A request under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act revealed that from 2003 to 2012 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had received reports of five deaths occurring after drinking Monster Energy. The reports did not prove a causal link between the drink and any health problems. In May 2015,
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#17327834934337006-409: The complement pathway. Group F are disorders of intracellular processes, and Group G is considered to be unresolved forms of EDS. Hypermobile EDS (hEDS, formerly categorized as type 3) is mainly characterized by hypermobility that affects both large and small joints. It may lead to frequent joint subluxations (partial dislocations) and dislocations. In general, people with this variant have skin that
7119-449: The composition of energy drinks for reduced or no sugar content and lower calories, caffeine content, "clean" labels to reflect the use of organic ingredients, exotic flavors, and ingredients that may affect mood . In 2020, Red Bull had the largest global market share among energy drinks, at 43%, followed by Monster Energy at 39%, Rockstar Energy at 10%, and Amp and NOS , at 3% each. Some countries have certain restrictions on
7232-487: The deaths of athletes. Reviews have noted that caffeine content was not the only factor, and that the cocktail of other ingredients in energy drinks made them more dangerous than drinks whose only stimulant was caffeine; the studies noted that more research and government regulation were needed. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children not consume caffeinated energy drinks. Dr. Enuf , an "energy building" soft drink containing caffeine and B vitamins,
7345-705: The degree varies depending on the underlying subtype. The skin may tear and bruise easily, and may heal with abnormal atrophic scars; atrophic scars that look like cigarette paper are a sign seen including in those whose skin might appear otherwise normal. In some subtypes, though not the hypermobile subtype, redundant skin folds occur, especially on the eyelids. Redundant skin folds are areas of excess skin lying in folds. Other skin symptoms include molluscoid pseudotumors, especially on pressure points, petechiae , subcutaneous spheroids, livedo reticularis , and piezogenic papules are less common. In vascular EDS, skin can also be thin and translucent. In dermatosparaxis EDS,
7458-906: The development of multiple druggable pathways involved in aortic and mitral valve diseases. While this candidate gene has not been publicly identified, the Norris lab has conducted several studies involving small population genome sequencing and come up with a working list of possible hEDS genes. A mutation in COL3A1 in a single family with autosomal dominant hEDS phenotype was found to cause reduced collagen secretion and an over-modification of collagen. In 35 families, copy number alterations in TPSAB1 , encoding alpha-tryptase, were associated with increased basal serum tryptase levels, associated with autonomic dysfunction , gastrointestinal disorders , allergic and cutaneous symptoms, and connective tissue abnormalities, all concurrent with hEDS phenotype. Another way
7571-514: The diagnosis process is looking at family history. EDS is an autosomal dominant condition, so is often inherited from parents. Genetic testing remains the most reliable way to diagnose EDS. No cure for type 1 EDS has been found, but a course of non-weight-bearing exercise can help with muscular tension, which can help correct some EDS symptoms. Anti-inflammatory drugs and lifestyle changes can help with joint pain. Lifestyle choices should also be made with children who have EDS to try to prevent wounds to
7684-425: The diversity of subtypes within the EDS family, symptoms may vary widely between individuals diagnosed with EDS. Musculoskeletal symptoms include hyperflexible joints that are unstable and prone to sprain , dislocation , subluxation , and hyperextension . As a result of frequent tissue injury, there can be an early onset of advanced osteoarthritis , chronic degenerative joint disease, swan-neck deformity of
7797-462: The effects of intoxication when consumed with alcohol, and excessive or repeated consumption can lead to cardiac and psychiatric conditions. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that an adequate consumption of Monster and other popular energy drinks is safe and that the amount of caffeine in standard Monster cans is unlikely to interact adversely with other typical constituents of energy drinks or with alcohol. Energy drinks have
7910-482: The effects of caffeine and sugar, but there is little or no evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients have any effect. Most effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance , such as increased attention and reaction speed, are primarily due to the presence of caffeine. Other studies ascribe those performance improvements to the effects of the combined ingredients. Advertising for energy drinks usually features increased muscle strength and endurance, but there
8023-476: The effects that caffeine and sugar give, but there is no distinct evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients has any effect. In December 2011, 14-year-old Anais Fournier died of "cardiac arrhythmia due to caffeine toxicity" after drinking two 24 US fluid ounces (710 ml) cans of Monster Energy drink containing 240 mg of caffeine per can. Fournier had a pre-existing heart condition, as well as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome . In October 2012, her parents sued
8136-509: The energy drink Monster Energy . Hansen Natural Company changed their name to Monster Beverage Corporation after an agreement by shareholders to change the name after Monster Energy became the largest source of revenue. The company's previous beverages were taken ownership of by the Coca-Cola Company . The energy shot product, an offshoot of the energy drink, was launched in the US with products such as 5-Hour Energy , which
8249-399: The fetus, and increased bleeding. Individuals with hEDS may run the risk of falling, postpartum depression (more than the general population), and slow healing from the birthing process. The Medical University of South Carolina discovered a gene variant common with hEDS patients. While 12 of the 13 subtypes of EDS have genetic variations that can be tested for by genetic testing , there
8362-638: The fingers, and Boutonniere deformity of the fingers. Tendon and ligament laxity offer minuscule protection from tearing in muscles and tendons, but these problems still persist. Deformities of the spine, such as scoliosis (curvature of the spine), kyphosis (a thoracic hump), tethered spinal cord syndrome , craniocervical instability (CCI), and atlantoaxial instability may also be present. Osteoporosis and osteopenia are also associated with EDS and symptomatic joint hypermobility There can also be myalgia (muscle pain) and arthralgia (joint pain), which may be severe and disabling. Trendelenburg's sign
8475-499: The gastrointestinal system can cause a host of symptoms, including but not limited to abdominal pain, bloating , nausea , reflux symptoms, vomiting , constipation , and diarrhea . Some studies also suggest problems with the liver , which is in large part responsible for bilirubin conjugation. Although research in this area is sparse, patients with joint hypermobility were found to have higher rates of indirect hyperbilirubinemia than control groups. Structurally, changes within
8588-479: The gene COL1A2 . This group of disorders affects connective tissues across the body, with symptoms most typically present in the joints, skin, and blood vessels. However, as connective tissue is found throughout the body, EDS may result in an array of unexpected impacts with any degree of severity, and the condition is not limited to joints, skin, and blood vessels. Effects may range from mildly loose joints to life-threatening cardiovascular complications. Due to
8701-464: The general signs, attributes can include faulty connective tissues throughout the body, musculoskeletal issues, and family history. Along with these general signs and side effects, patients can have trouble healing. Pregnant individuals who have hEDS are at an increased risk for complications. Some possible complications are pre-labor rupture of membranes, a drop in blood pressure with anesthesia, precipitate birth (very fast, active labor), malposition of
8814-710: The instability at the juncture between skull and spine. This causes herniation of the posterior fossa below the foramen magnum . Increased pressure created by the malformation can lead to a flattened pituitary gland , hormone changes, sudden severe headaches, ataxia , and poor proprioception . Ophthalmological manifestations include nearsightedness , retinal tearing and retinal detachment , keratoconus , blue sclera, dry eye, Sjogren's syndrome , lens subluxation, angioid streaks, epicanthal folds , strabismus , corneal scarring, brittle cornea syndrome, cataracts , carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas , and macular degeneration . Otological complications may also occur. Hearing loss
8927-420: The intellectual property office. The claim was that the pizza firm could be mistaken for Monster Energy, leaving customers confused. The pizza firm won a landmark ruling against Monster Energy, when the court decided there would be no case of misrepresentation. In fact, Monster Energy loses many of their lawsuits, however as with other cases of "trademark bullying" the main goal of the lawsuit seem to be bankrupting
9040-411: The joints. Molluscoid pseudotumors (calcified hematomas that occur over pressure points) and spheroids (cysts that contain fat occurring over forearms and shins) are also often seen. A side complication of the hyperelasticity presented in many EDS cases makes wounds closing on their own more difficult. Sometimes, motor development is delayed and hypotonia occurs. The variation causing this type of EDS
9153-502: The knee, hip, and elbow, and hypermobility of distal joints (ankles, wrists, feet, and hands). Four minor criteria may also contribute to a diagnosis of mEDS. This disorder can be inherited through either an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive pattern. Molecular testing must be completed to verify that mutations in the COL12A1 gene are present; if not, other collagen-type myopathies should be considered. Periodontal EDS (pEDS)
9266-524: The legal limit and were recalled. The Canada Border Services Agency is supposed to stop such products from entering the country but does not often patrol energy drinks to verify that they meet regulations. In 2009 under the Ministry of Social Protection , Colombia prohibited the sale and commercialization of energy drinks to minors under the age of 14. In 1997, Denmark banned the sale of Red Bull. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration criticized
9379-676: The lungs. Other cases can be caused by the SLC39A13 gene. Those with variations in this gene have protuberant eyes, wrinkled palms of the hands, tapering fingers, and distal joint hypermobility. Musculocontractural EDS is characterized by congenital multiple contractures, characteristically adduction-flexion contractures and/or talipes equinovarus ( clubfoot ), characteristic craniofacial features, which are evident at birth or in early infancy, and skin features such as skin hyperextensibility, bruising, skin fragility with atrophic scars, and increased palmar wrinkling. It can be caused by variations in
9492-407: The marketers can change the formula of their products. In January 2019, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev of Uzbekistan signed a law that imposes a number of restrictions on energy drinks. To protect the younger generation, a rule was introduced prohibiting the sale of energy drinks to persons under the age of 18. Advertising of energy drinks was prohibited on television and radio from 7:00 to 22:00. It
9605-568: The musculature in the intestine such as increased elastin, can lead to increased frequency of herniation. Laxity of the phreno-esophageal and gastro-hepatic ligaments can lead to hiatal hernia , which in turn can lead to commonly reported symptoms such as acid reflux , abdominal pain, early satiety , and bloating. Internal organ prolapses and intestinal intussusceptions occur with greater frequency in patients with weakened connective tissues. Although neurogastroenterological manifestations in connective tissue disorders are common, their root cause
9718-514: The opposition at which they are quite successful. In April 2023, Monster Beverage Corporation sued independent videogame developer Glowstick Entertainment for their horror party game Dark Deception: Monsters and Mortals . Apparently to Monster Beverage, the use of "Monster" in the title of the game and their green and black logo make it "very confusing" because of the similarities between the two. Glowstick Entertainment's head creator, Vincent Livings, had decided to fight it in court and has since won
9831-514: The premiere North American multi-game organizations. Monster Energy is affiliated with esports in North America, Asia, Europe, and Australia. Some of the organizations and individuals they support or have supported include the Australian organization "MindFreak", Paris Saint-Germain eSports , and the streamer TimTheTatman . Monster Beverage Corporation has been criticized for its policy of indiscriminately suing companies and/or brands that use
9944-483: The products of this kind bear little resemblance to soft drinks, and are sold instead in small brown glass medicine bottles, or cans styled to resemble such containers. These eiyō dorinku (literally, ' nutritional drinks ' ) are marketed primarily to salarymen . Bacchus-F , a South Korean drink closely modeled after Lipovitan, also appeared in the early 1960s and targets a similar demographic. In Europe, Dietrich Mateschitz , an Austrian entrepreneur, introduced
10057-479: The race horse American Pharoah , rumored to be the largest single-horse advertising sponsorship to-date. The deal allows the product's logo to be used on the horse sheets , on jockey Victor Espinoza 's shirt and boots, as well as caps and other gear worn by people around the horse. Monster Energy also sponsors several individuals in the esports community, as well as esports associations. The company broke into esports with their sponsorship of Evil Geniuses , one of
10170-608: The sale and manufacture of energy drinks. A ban was challenged in the European Court of Justice in 2004 and consequently lifted. In Australia and New Zealand, energy drinks are regulated under the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code ; limiting the caffeine content of 'formulated caffeinated beverages' (energy drinks) at 320 mg/L (9.46 mg/oz) and soft-drinks at 145 mg/L (4.29 mg/oz). Mandatory caffeine labeling
10283-566: The sale of energy drinks in 2019. In 2024 the Norwegian Consumer Council called for an age limit after seeing energy drink sales increase dramatically since 2019. The Food Safety Authority, as of 2024 , now disagrees with an age limit as it states it is hard to ascertain if children, specifically, are drinking more energy drinks. A majority of Norwegians support an age limit on energy drink purchases. Since 1 January 2024, energy drinks have been banned for individuals under
10396-583: The sale of energy drinks to under-16s. The UK government plans to end the sale of energy drinks to under-16s in the future. In January 2018, many United Kingdom supermarkets banned the sale of energy drinks containing more than 150 mg of caffeine per liter to people under 16 years old; this was followed by the UK government announcing that it planned to ban all sales of energy drinks to minors in 2019. However, in 2022 such plans were reported to have been scrapped by Health Secretary Sajid Javid . As of 2013 in
10509-1054: The skin is extremely fragile and saggy. Weakened connective tissues can lead to pelvic organ prolapse in female patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Patients may also experience voiding difficulties, frequent urinary tract infections , and incontinence due to structural abnormalities. Pelvic girdle pain is also frequently reported. Menorrhagia , dysmenorrhea , and dyspareunia are common symptoms associated with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and are often mistaken for endometriosis. Excessive menstrual bleeding can sometimes be attributed to inappropriate platelet aggregation, but faulty collagen leads to weakened capillary walls which increases likelihood of hemorrhage. In cases of pregnancy, patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome are more likely to experience complications during parturition . Post-partum hemorrhage and maternal injury such as sporadic pelvic displacement, hip dislocation , torn and stretched ligaments, and skin tearing can all be linked to altered structure of connective tissues. Research suggests
10622-490: The skin. It can be caused by the variations in the COL3A1 gene. Rarely, COL1A1 variations can also cause it. Kyphoscoliosis EDS (formerly categorized as type 6) is associated with severe hypotonia at birth, delayed motor development, progressive scoliosis (present from birth), and scleral fragility. People may also have easy bruising, fragile arteries that are prone to rupture, unusually small corneas, and osteopenia (low bone density). Other common features include
10735-520: The skin. Protective garments can help with this. In a wound, deep stitches are often used and left in place for longer than normal. Vascular EDS (formerly categorized as type 4) is identified by skin that is thin, translucent, extremely fragile, and bruises easily. It is also characterized by fragile blood vessels and organs that can easily rupture. Affected people are frequently short, and have thin scalp hair. It also has characteristic facial features, including large eyes, an undersized chin, sunken cheeks,
10848-776: The specific disorder. Excess mobility was first described by Hippocrates in 400 BC. The syndromes are named after two physicians, Edvard Ehlers and Henri-Alexandre Danlos , who described them at the turn of the 20th century. In 2017, 13 subtypes of EDS were classified using specific diagnostic criteria. According to the Ehlers–Danlos Society , the syndromes can also be grouped by the symptoms determined by specific gene mutations. Group A disorders are those that affect primary collagen structure and processing. Group B disorders affect collagen folding and crosslinking. Group C are disorders of structure and function of myomatrix. Group D disorders are those that affect glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Group E disorders are characterized by defects in
10961-428: The structure or processing of the protein collagen or tenascin . Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and confirmed by genetic testing or skin biopsy , particularly with hEDS, but people may initially be misdiagnosed with hypochondriasis , depression , or myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome . Genetic testing can be used to confirm all other types of EDS. A cure is not yet known, and treatment
11074-746: The title sponsor of the PBR's premiership tour, known as the Unleash the Beast tour. The firm has served as the official energy drink sponsor of multiple X Games contests, including the 2017 summer games in Minneapolis and the 2017 winter games in Aspen . Among the athletes on their team are skateboarders Nyjah Huston , Ishod Wair and Chris Cole , three-time gold-winning skier David Wise , Olympic freestyle skier Gus Kenworthy and Olympic gold medalist snowboarder Iouri Podladtchikov . In December 2016, it
11187-554: The word monster , the letter M , or the word beast in their marketing for trademark infringement, despite such trademarks being generally dissimilar or distinguishable from Monster's. The words monster and beast have existed in the English language since the 13th century, with the Latin letter M tracing back to the 7th century BC. By 2019, the company has initiated over a thousand trademark cases that have been reviewed by
11300-614: The word energy drink was listed for the first time in the Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary . Energy shots are a specialized kind of energy drink. Whereas most energy drinks are sold in cans or bottles, energy shots are usually sold in smaller 50ml bottles. Energy shots can contain the same total amount of caffeine, vitamins or other functional ingredients as their larger versions, and may be considered concentrated forms of energy drinks. The marketing of energy shots generally focuses on their convenience and availability as
11413-649: Was a preventative measure, as all research shows that consuming high-energy drinks can have a detrimental impact on the ability of young people to concentrate in class." The school negotiated for their local branch of the Tesco supermarket to display posters asking students not to purchase the products. Similar measures were taken by a school in Oxted , England, which banned students from consuming drinks and sent letters to parents. While not yet age-restricted by legislation, all major UK supermarkets have agreed to voluntarily stop
11526-427: Was also completely banned in printed publications intended primarily for children and adolescents, in medical, sports and educational institutions. In India, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regulates the manufacturing, packaging, labeling, and sale of energy drinks. As recommended by FSSAI, taurine is limited to 2000 mg/day, D-glucuronic-Y-lactone is limited to 1200 mg/day, Inositol
11639-586: Was announced that Monster Energy would sponsor Andreas Bakkerud and Robin Larsson of Dreyer & Reinbold Racing in Nitro Rallycross . Monster Energy also has a big presence in the desert racing scene. It is the main sponsor for the Baja 1000 and Baja 500 , and a variety of teams in different classes, including Trophy Truck drivers Cameron Steele, Alan Ampudia and Kyle LeDuc . Monster Energy
11752-632: Was announced that Monster would replace Sprint Corporation as title sponsor of NASCAR 's premier series . NASCAR's chief marketing officer cited Monster's "youthful and edgy" brands a driving force behind the deal, . In April 2019, it was reported that NASCAR rejected Monster Energy's offer to extend its sponsorship through 2020 in favor of a new tiered sponsorship model. Monster is endorsed by NASCAR driver Tyler Reddick and sponsors his No. 45 23XI Racing car, as well as his Toyota Racing teammate Ty Gibbs and his No. 54 Joe Gibbs Racing car. They are also endorsed by Reddick's predecessor, Kurt Busch , who
11865-643: Was canceled abruptly for the 2013 season, when his team Triple Eight signed rival Red Bull as sponsor. Monster partnered with James Courtney and Holden Racing Team for the 2016 International V8 Supercars Championship , and is now associated with Tickford Racing as primary sponsor of Cameron Waters Ford Mustang Supercar. Monster Energy has been the main sponsor of Formula Drift champion Vaughn Gittin Jr. since 2010, and NHRA racer Brittany Force since 2015. The brand has sponsored rally drivers such as Ken Block , Liam Doran and Nani Roma . On May 18, 2022, it
11978-428: Was created in the United States in 1949. The New York Times states that "the energy drink, as we know it", however, was born in post World War II Japan. In 1962, Taisho Pharmaceutical produced Lipovitan D, a herbal “energizing tonic” that was sold in minibar-sized bottles. The tonic was originally marketed towards truck drivers and factory workers who needed to stay awake for long shifts. However, in Japan, most of
12091-411: Was endorsed by the team's drivers, George Russell and seven-time world champion Lewis Hamilton . Hamilton also has a signature drink with the brand, "LH44" . Monster Energy will partner with McLaren from the 2024 season onwards. The company will continue to sponsor Hamilton on a personal level. The company was endorsed by Australian touring car driver Jamie Whincup from late 2009 to 2012. The deal
12204-511: Was expressed by Gennady Onishchenko , Chief Sanitary Inspector of Russia. In 2001, the UK Committee on Toxicity investigated Red Bull, finding it safe but issuing a warning against its consumption by children and pregnant women. In 2009, a school in Hove , England, requested that local shops refrain from selling energy drinks to students. Headteacher Falklanda Sanders added that "This
12317-456: Was first released onto the market in 2004. A consumer health analyst explained in a March 2014 media article: "Energy shots took off because of energy drinks. If you’re a white collar worker, you’re not necessarily willing to down a big Monster energy drink, but you may drink an energy shot." In 2007, energy drink powders and effervescent tablets were introduced, whereby either can be added to water to create an energy drink. On 14 August 2012,
12430-564: Was forced into retirement due to injuries after the 2022 season. They also endorse NASCAR Truck Series driver Hailie Deegan and the No. 13 ThorSport Racing Team, as well as NASCAR Xfinity Series driver Riley Herbst and the No. 98 Stewart-Haas Racing team. They have also had sponsored Robby Gordon , Ricky Carmichael , and the No. 54 Xfinity Series car of Joe Gibbs Racing / Kyle Busch Motorsports . Monster sponsored Formula 1 team Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport between 2010 and 2023 and
12543-509: Was last updated in 2017, when a number of rarer forms of EDS were added. EDS occurs due to variations of more than 19 genes that are present at birth. The specific gene affected determines the type of EDS, though the genetic causes of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) are still unknown. Some cases result from a new variation occurring during early development, while others are inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner. Typically, these variations result in defects in
12656-445: Was launched later in 2023, targeting the alcoholic iced tea market, competing against brands such as Twisted Tea. Monster Energy is advertised mainly through sponsorship of sporting events, including motocross, BMX, mountain biking, snowboarding, skateboarding, car racing, speedway, and also through sponsorship of esports events. In 2006, Caleb (Strongjaw) Johnstone Corporation announced a distribution agreement with Anheuser-Busch in
12769-497: Was published on YouTube, garnering over 14 million views as of 2024. The viral nature of the video got her an appearance on the Web Redemption segment of Comedy Central 's Tosh.0 . The energy drink also features prominently as product placement in the video game Death Stranding (2019), in which it restores stamina and can be consumed by the main character in his private room. Energy drink An energy drink
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