The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus , especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana . They are also known as cobnuts or filberts according to species.
96-591: The Monroe Monitor and Valley News was a weekly newspaper published in Monroe, Washington , United States. It had an estimated circulation of 4,000 in 2013. It was also one of the first within the state. When B. F. Smyth founded the Monroe Monitor in January, 1899 it was the community's first newspaper. Since its inception, the newspaper had been continuous circulation. Following the successful development of
192-487: A Boeing 777 parts facility, was developed adjacent to another industrial park that was opened a decade earlier. The residential component of the development sold out in 1993 and began construction that year alongside other subdivisions in western Monroe. As part of mitigation for the Fryelands project, an artificial lake named Lake Tye was created to provide wetlands and a park for residents. Between 1990 and 2000,
288-729: A breakdown. The second option is to wait for all the nuts to fall before harvesting. Although the first option is considered the better of the two, two or three passes do take more time to complete than one. In 2021, world production of hazelnuts (in shells) was 1.1 million tonnes . The hazelnut production in Turkey accounts for 64% of the world total, followed by Italy , the United States , and Azerbaijan as secondary producers. Hazelnuts are used in confections to make pralines , chocolate truffles , and hazelnut paste products. The (solid) combination of ground hazelnuts with chocolate
384-415: A cart pulled behind the harvester. Once a tote is filled with nuts, the forklift hauls away the full totes and brings empty ones back to the harvester to maximize the harvester's time. Two different timing strategies are used for collecting the fallen nuts. The first is to harvest early when about half of the nuts have fallen. With less material on the ground, the harvester can work faster with less chance of
480-870: A common constituent of muesli . The nuts may be eaten fresh or dried, having different flavors. Raw hazelnuts are 5% water, 61% fat , 17% carbohydrates , and 15% protein (table). In a 100-gram ( 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 -ounce) reference amount, raw hazelnuts supply 2,630 kilojoules (628 kilocalories) of food energy and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value , DV) of numerous essential nutrients (see table). Hazelnuts contain particularly high amounts of protein , dietary fiber , vitamin E , iron , thiamin , phosphorus , manganese , and magnesium , all exceeding 30% DV (table). Several B vitamins have appreciable content. In lesser but still significant amounts (moderate content, 10–19% DV) are vitamin K , calcium , zinc , and potassium (table). Hazelnuts are
576-595: A fire four years later and later rebuilt. By the end of the decade, Monroe had also gained a new school building, telephone service, a local newspaper , a full-time doctor, and paved sidewalks . On the morning of September 16, 1901, a fire started at the Odd Fellows community hall and spread to nearby buildings, destroying the only complete block of businesses in Monroe. The fire caused an estimated $ 8,100 in damage (equivalent to $ 237,000 in 2023 dollars), but
672-544: A major cross-state highway. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 6.11 square miles (15.82 km ), of which, 6.05 square miles (15.67 km ) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km ) is water. The city limits are generally defined by Lake Tye and Fryelands Boulevard to the west, the Skykomish River to the south, Woods Creek to the east, and to
768-603: A major flood in February 1932. The WPA also funded road improvements and a new middle school with a small auditorium that is now home to the Wagner Performing Arts Center. The local granges of the Monroe area began organizing agricultural fairs and parades in the 1930s on a semi-regular basis. The county also had its own regular fair that was hosted in Snohomish and Granite Falls until
864-493: A rich source of dietary fat , accounting for 93% DV in a 100-gram amount. The fat components are monounsaturated fat as oleic acid (75% of total), polyunsaturated fat mainly as linoleic acid (13% of total), and saturated fat , mainly as palmitic acid and stearic acid (together, 7% of total). The hazelnut is used as a literary device by Julian of Norwich (c. 1343 – after 1416) within her mystical Christian treatise Revelations of Divine Love . The hazelnut shell
960-813: A semi-professional basketball team playing in the International Basketball League and the National Athletic Basketball League , hosted its games at Monroe Sports Arena on the high school campus from 2008 to 2010 between stints in Everett. The Reptile Zoo, formerly the Washington Serpentarium, is a roadside animal park for reptiles that is located on U.S. Route 2 east of Monroe. The 3,000-square-foot (280 m ) building houses 150 creatures and attracts 40,000 annual visitors. It
1056-419: A smooth shell, while a filbert is more elongated, being about twice as long as its diameter. The nut falls out of the husk when ripe, about seven to eight months after pollination. The seed is edible and consumed raw, roasted or ground into a paste. The seed has a thin, dark brown skin, which is sometimes removed before cooking. In 1995, evidence of large-scale Mesolithic nut processing, some 8,000 years old,
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#17327972616951152-501: A territorial legislator who settled in Park Place. Park Place and Tualco, located on opposite sides of the Skykomish River, grew with the arrival of more settlers in the 1860s and 1870s. A local school district , the second in the county, was established in 1869 by McClurg, and Park Place gained a post office in 1877 with Woods as postmaster . A ferry crossing the Skykomish River was established in 1882, several years prior to
1248-428: A tractor, which lifts the material off the ground and separates the nuts from the leaves, empty husks, and twigs. As the harvester drives over the rows, a rotating cylinder with hundreds of tines rakes the material onto a belt. The belt takes the material over a blower and under a powerful vacuum that sucks any lightweight soil, leaves from the nuts, and discharges them into the orchard. The remaining nuts are conveyed into
1344-541: A year, the plant was producing 250,000 pounds (110,000 kg) of condensed milk per day; the Carnation condensery was later closed in 1928 and destroyed in a fire on March 23, 1944. By the early 1910s, Monroe and the Cherry Valley were home to seven school districts serving rural communities in the surrounding area. A union high school was proposed to serve the students graduating from the seven districts and
1440-480: Is Al Borlin Park, a 90-acre (36 ha) nature preserve with hiking trails located on the peninsula formed by the Skykomish River and Woods Creek. The city is also located near two county-owned parks: Lord Hill Regional Park , a 1,300-acre (530 ha) nature reserve with wilderness trails; and Fairfield Park, a facility with several soccer fields near the western city limits. The largest community park in Monroe
1536-437: Is Monroe's warmest month, with average high temperatures of 76.4 °F (24.7 °C ), while January is the coolest, at an average high of 44.9 °F (7.2 °C). The highest recorded temperature, 102 °F (39 °C), occurred on July 29, 2009, and the lowest, −3 °F (−19 °C), occurred on January 18, 1950. The highest recorded snowfall, 60.4 inches (153 cm), also occurred in January 1950. According to
1632-548: Is called gianduja . In Austria , hazelnut paste is an ingredient for making tortes , such as Viennese hazelnut torte. In Kyiv cake , hazelnut flour is used to flavor its meringue body, and crushed hazelnuts are sprinkled over its sides. Dacquoise , a French dessert cake, often contains a layer of hazelnut meringue. Hazelnuts are used in Turkish cuisine and Georgian cuisine ; the snack churchkhela and sauce satsivi are used, often with walnuts . Hazelnuts are also
1728-408: Is performed either by hand or by manual or mechanical raking of fallen nuts. Four primary pieces of equipment are used in commercial harvesting: the sweeper, the harvester, the nut cart, and the forklift. The sweeper moves the nuts into the center of the rows, the harvester lifts and separates the nuts from any debris (i.e., twigs and leaves), the nut cart holds the nuts picked up by the harvester, and
1824-443: Is strongly flavored and high in monounsaturated fat . It is used as a cooking oil and as a salad or vegetable dressing. Turkey is the world's largest producer of hazelnuts, accounting for 64% of total production in 2021. A hazelnut cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 millimetres ( 5 ⁄ 8 –1 inch) long and 10–15 mm ( 3 ⁄ 8 – 5 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding
1920-430: Is the 64.5-acre (26.1 ha) Lake Tye Park, which comprises sports playfields, a skate park , and a 49-acre (20 ha) artificial lake that is stocked with fish. In the 2010s, a private developer proposed construction of a water park on Lake Tye, but the plan remains unfunded. In 2014, the city government proposed constructing a seven-mile (11 km) pedestrian and bicycle trail to Snohomish that would connect with
2016-582: Is the main variety cultivated in fields known as plats, hand-picked, and eaten green. According to the BBC, a national collection of cobnut varieties exists at Roughway Farm, near Plaxtol in Kent. They are called cobnuts because cob was a word used to refer to the head or "noggin,” and children had a game in which they would tie a string to a hazelnut and use it to try to hit an opponent on the head. In Europe hazelnuts are traditionally grown as multi-trunk trees where
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#17327972616952112-504: The 2010 census , there were 17,304 people, 5,024 households, and 3,600 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,860.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,104.3/km ). There were 5,306 housing units at an average density of 877.0 per square mile (338.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.6% White, 3.5% African American, 1.4% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 9.6% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.1% of
2208-471: The Isle of Man . This discovery gives an insight into communal activity and planning in the period. The nuts were harvested in a single year, and pollen analysis suggests that all of the hazel trees were cut down at the same time. The scale of the activity and the lack of large game on the island suggest that Colonsay may have contained a community with a largely vegetarian diet for the time they spent on
2304-794: The Köppen climate classification system, Monroe has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). On March 30, 2017, an EF0 tornado struck Monroe and damaged several recreational vehicles at a dealership, but did not injure any people. Tornadoes are a rare occurrence in Western Washington, but the Puget Sound Convergence Zone is able to provide the necessary conditions to create one. Monroe has an estimated workforce population of 7,644 residents and an unemployment rate of 7.2 percent as of 2015 . Only 15 percent of employed residents work within city limits, while
2400-524: The Monroe Monitor & Valley News , other weekly newspapers were born, only to quietly disappear or merge with the Monitor. Its first issue was published on Saturday January 14, 1899, and has had ten publishers throughout its duration. The paper was part of the penny press era, and subscriptions cost $ 1.00 per year. H. D. Matthews purchased the paper in 1908 and merged it with the Transcript , renaming
2496-880: The Monroe Transcript in 1908 and the Valley News in 1985, based in Sultan. The publication ceased and merged with Snohomish County Tribune in November 2021. Hazelnut Hazelnuts are used as a snack food, in baking and desserts , and in breakfast cereals such as muesli . In confectionery , they are used to make praline , and also used in combination with chocolate for chocolate truffles and products such as chocolate bars and hazelnut cocoa spreads such as Nutella . They are also used in Frangelico liqueur. Hazelnut oil , pressed from hazelnuts,
2592-467: The Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers had originally belonged to the indigenous Skykomish tribe, who predominantly occupied the area between modern-day Monroe and Index . The confluence itself was known as Tualco ( Lushootseed : squa'lxo ), and a nearby Skykomish village named S'dodohobc acted as a trade post between several Coast Salish groups. A separate settlement near modern-day Monroe
2688-517: The Skykomish , Snohomish , and Snoqualmie rivers near the Cascade foothills , about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Seattle . Monroe's population was 19,699 as of the 2020 census . Monroe was originally founded in 1864 as the town of Park Place, located at the river confluence among several existing settlements in the Tualco Valley. The townsite was previously a trading post used by
2784-599: The Sultan Star .) Jerry Robinson of Seattle purchased the paper in 1993, and later sold it to RIM Publications. The paper was acquired in January 2015 by Pacific Publishing Company , which merged it with the Snohomish County Tribune in November 2021. Monroe, Washington Monroe is a city in Snohomish County , Washington , United States. It is located at the confluence of
2880-536: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during their expedition to find a suitable pass for a railroad across the Cascade Mountains. The Treaty of Point Elliott was not fully ratified until 1859, but the first American settlers had already arrived and claimed squatters rights to homestead in the Skykomish Valley. Robert Smallman, an English immigrant, arrived in 1855 and was the first to homestead on
2976-606: The 1920s. The granges hosted the first Cavalcade of the Valleys in 1941, which was followed by the Snohomish County Fair at the poor farm grounds in 1946. The event was renamed the Evergreen State Fair in 1949 and has been hosted annually in Monroe ever since. The fairgrounds were bisected by U.S. Route 2 , the successor to an earlier highway across Stevens Pass, which opened in 1949. Following
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3072-689: The 1984 television series Hot Pursuit and horror films The Ring and The Ring Two . Several scenes in The Butterfly Effect , 7 Minutes , and Korean film Late Autumn were filmed at the Monroe Correctional Complex. The pilot for the web television series The Man in the High Castle features a scene filmed at the Lewis Street Bridge on State Route 203. The city is home to
3168-455: The 40-acre (16 ha) homestead of Jack Stretch, who platted a settlement on the north side of the tracks that he named "Tye City" for Great Northern's locating engineer George Tye. Great Northern completed their railroad through the Skykomish Valley in January 1893, following additional work near Snohomish to rebuild a bridge that had been destroyed in a flood. In late 1892 and early 1893, several merchants in Park Place moved their buildings to
3264-586: The Cascade Mountains and includes Skykomish , part of Snoqualmie , and all of Chelan County except for Wenatchee . Monroe was previously part of the 39th legislative district until it was moved into the cross-mountain district as part of a redistricting compromise in 2022. The city lies within the Snohomish County Council 's 5th district, which includes the Skykomish Valley, Snohomish, and Lake Stevens . The Washington State Department of Corrections operates several prison facilities in
3360-515: The Great Depression and World War II , Monroe's economy became more reliant on agriculture and smaller industries. A frozen food processing facility was located in Monroe until 1958 and was later replaced with a seafood processor. By 1949, the local government had twice rejected proposals to become a third-class city because of the increased operating costs needed; it also lacked a full-time fire department. The Valley General Hospital
3456-689: The Monroe School District, the Cadman quarry, the Evergreen State Fair , EvergreenHealth Monroe, and large retailers. The city also has a large industrial park in the Fryelands area that was established in the 1990s and was fully developed by 2008, providing 24 percent of jobs in the city and 2.2 million square feet (200,000 m ) of space. The largest non-industrial job sectors include professional services, government, and retail, particularly big-box stores along
3552-552: The Skykomish River. Monroe also sits on a local fault line that produced a pair of minor earthquakes on July 12, 2019, that were felt as far as Seattle and Vancouver without causing damage. Monroe has a general climate similar to most of the Puget Sound lowlands, with dry summers and mild, rainy winters moderated by a marine influence from the Pacific Ocean . The majority of the region's precipitation arrives during
3648-469: The U.S. Route 2 corridor. Monroe is the ninth largest city in Snohomish County by population, with an estimated 20,209 residents in 2021. It has a large Hispanic and Latino population that trends higher than the rest of the county. The city's population grew rapidly in the years after it incorporated in 1902, but leveled off under 2,000 until the 1970s. Suburban development following
3744-428: The age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.26. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 27.4% under
3840-462: The age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 41.4% from 25 to 44, 14.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 137.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 50,390, and the median income for a family was $ 55,793. Males had a median income of $ 39,847 versus $ 31,633 for females. The per capita income for
3936-563: The annual Evergreen State Fair , a county fair which takes place in late August and early September at a fairground located northwest of downtown Monroe. It is the second largest fair in Washington state, behind the Puyallup Fair , and attracts approximately 350,000 over its twelve-day run. The city also has an annual parade during the opening weekend of the fair in late August. The 200-acre (81 ha) fairgrounds are owned by
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4032-414: The arrival of the hop aphid and economic panic of the 1890s ruined the harvest. The original Park Place post office and general store were abandoned and replaced by a new building that opened in 1890. John Vanasdlen, operator of new store, petitioned for the reopening of the post office but was rejected by the U.S. Post Office Department , which only allowed a single-word name for new offices. "Monroe"
4128-417: The businesses and buildings were rebuilt and within two years a permanent fire department was established. Monroe was incorporated as a fourth-class town on December 20, 1902, following an 88–37 vote in favor. At the time of incorporation, the area around Monroe had over 900 residents, five general stores, eight saloons, six restaurants, four sawmills, and five shingle mills. A new town hall building
4224-430: The center row. It is best to sweep only a few rows ahead of the harvesters at any given time, to prevent the tractor that drives the harvester from crushing the nuts that may still be falling from the trees. Hazelnut orchards may be harvested up to three times during the harvest season, depending on the number of nuts in the trees and the rate of nut drop due to the weather. The harvester is a slow-moving machine pushed by
4320-523: The city along the Skykomish River are within a 100-year flood hazard zone and also include habitats for migratory birds and game animals . The residential neighborhoods of Monroe lie within the watersheds of French Creek and Woods Creek, which both drain into the Skykomish River before its confluence with the Snoqualmie and Snohomish rivers. The surrounding area includes hills and plateaus that were formed from glacial till and gravel deposits from
4416-523: The city and annexed by the end of the decade. A new state prison, the Twin Rivers Corrections Center , was opened in 1984 and brought new jobs to the area despite opposition from residents. The former Frye lettuce farm in western Monroe was sold in the late 1980s to an Eastside-based real estate developer , which proposed the "Fryelands" residential and industrial neighborhood. The Fryelands industrial park, once proposed for
4512-546: The city was $ 18,912. About 5.6% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 14.7% of those age 65 or over. Monroe is a non-charter code city with a mayor–council government . The seven-member city council typically meets once a week at the city hall , built in 1977 and located at a civic center campus southwest of downtown. The city councilmembers and mayor serve four-year terms that are staggered and filled in elections held during odd-numbered years. Six of
4608-536: The city's main street. More recent development in Monroe has been concentrated in the northern hills, which were annexed into the city in the 2000s. Monroe is located in south-central Snohomish County near the confluence of the Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers, which form the Snohomish River . The area is in the western foothills of the Cascade Range and is bisected by U.S. Route 2 ,
4704-670: The city, which have been consolidated into the Monroe Correctional Complex since 1998. It is the largest prison in the state, with capacity for 2,500 inmates and detainees, and is divided into five units across a 365-acre (148 ha) campus that is staffed by 1,185 workers. The Washington State Reformatory opened in 1908 and expanded with a unit for mentally-ill prisoners in 1981 and the 500-bed Twin Rivers medium-custody facility in 1984. The 467-inmate minimum-security unit opened in 1997 and an intensive management unit
4800-545: The city. The population density was 2,388.4 people per square mile (921.5/km ). There were 4,427 housing units at an average density of 766.5 per square mile (295.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 86.1% White, 3.2% African American, 1.3% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 4.0% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.7% of the population. 21.0% were of German, 10.1% English and 9.3% Irish ancestry. There were 4,173 households, out of which 45.7% had children under
4896-416: The completion of State Route 522 and expansion of U.S. Route 2 caused large increases in Monroe's population, peaking in the 1990s and early 2000s. The inmate population at the Monroe Correctional Complex has been included in census statistics since 1996. Over 65 percent of homes in Monroe are single-family detached structures , while over 15 percent are multi-family residential units. As of
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#17327972616954992-413: The councilmembers are from districts, while the seventh is elected at-large ; prior to 2017, the at-large seat was elected to a two-year term. The current mayor is Geoffrey Thomas, a former councilmember and city planner who was elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2017. The city government has 113 employees and an annual budget of $ 27.1 million in 2017, overseen by a city administrator appointed by
5088-797: The county government and also host other events year-round. The fairgrounds also include the Evergreen Speedway , a racetrack that hosted the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series from 1995 to 2000. The Summer Meltdown music festival relocated from Darrington to a property south of Monroe in 2022 following a two-year pause due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The festival drew approximately 4,000 attendees; it did not return for 2023. The annual Washington Midsummer Renaissance Faire moved from Bonney Lake to Sky Meadows Park near Monroe in 2023. The Snohomish County Explosion ,
5184-425: The ecosystem of local rivers that was installed on a building in downtown Monroe in 2004. The arts council renovated an elementary school auditorium into the city's performing arts center in the 2010s after a plan to build a dedicated facility was shelved. Part of the 1981 drama biographic film Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy was filmed in Monroe. The Emerald Glen Farm was used for several productions, including
5280-528: The education and health care sector (19%), followed by manufacturing (15%), retail (13%), and professional fields (12%). The city of Monroe has 9,466 jobs, primarily employing residents from within the city and in smaller communities to the east. The city's largest employer is the Washington State Department of Corrections , which operates the Monroe Correctional Complex and provides more than 1,100 jobs. Other large employers include
5376-430: The federal level, Monroe is part of the 8th congressional district , which encompasses the eastern portions of the Snohomish, King , and Pierce counties as well as the entirety of Chelan and Kittitas counties. It was part of the 1st congressional district until 2022, when the 8th district was extended into Snohomish County. At the state level, the city is part of the 12th legislative district , which also crosses
5472-399: The forklift brings a tote to offload the nuts from the nut cart and then stacks the totes to be shipped to the processor (nut dryer). The sweeper is a low-to-the-ground machine that makes two passes in each tree row. It has a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) belt attached to the front that rotates to sweep leaves, nuts, and small twigs from left to right, depositing the material in the center of
5568-475: The indigenous Skykomish people . Park Place was renamed to Monroe in 1890 to honor U.S. President James Monroe , and was moved northeast to be near the tracks of the Great Northern Railway , which was constructed in 1892. Monroe was incorporated in 1902 and was selected as the home of a major condensed milk plant and the state reformatory . Monroe became a suburban bedroom community in
5664-467: The island. Originally, the pit was on a beach close to the shore and was associated with two smaller, stone-lined pits whose function remains obscure, a hearth and a second cluster of pits. The traditional method to increase nut production is called brutting , which involves prompting more of the tree's energy to go into flower bud production by snapping, but not breaking off, the tips of the new year shoots six or seven leaf groups from where they join with
5760-454: The land around modern-day Monroe. He was followed by Henry McClurg, an appointed county commissioner , who settled in the area with his wife Martha in 1860. McClurg later founded the settlement of Park Place in 1864, on a site one mile (1.6 km) west of modern-day downtown Monroe. Two other settlers arrived in 1860: Salem Woods, who claimed a small prairie to the northeast of Tualco and was later elected county sheriff; and Charles Harriman,
5856-536: The largest farms in the area was a 2,000-acre (810 ha) lettuce farm and meat-packing plant owned by Charles Frye , later the benefactor of the Frye Art Museum in Seattle. During the 1920s, several of the larger industrial employers in Monroe expanded their operations and attracted new businesses to the area, including an early radio station . The county government opened a new 100-bed hospital on
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#17327972616955952-480: The late 20th century, serving commuters to Everett , Seattle, and the Eastside . It is home to the Monroe Correctional Complex , which absorbed the original reformatory in 1998, and the Evergreen State Fair , which runs annually in late summer. The city is located at the junction of two highways, U.S. Route 2 and State Route 522 , which were expanded in the late 20th century to serve commuters. The confluence of
6048-548: The mayor and city council. The government provides municipal services through its departments, which include community development, economic development, emergency services , a municipal court , parks and recreation, permitting , public works , and utilities . The city has a police department with 32 officers and 10 civilian workers. Other services, including the fire district (based in Monroe) and public library , are contracted out to regional authorities and agencies. At
6144-519: The north by Milwaukee Hill and other foothills. Monroe also has an urban growth area that includes 251 acres (102 ha) of unincorporated areas on the north side of the city limits. The city had annexed 1,367 acres (553 ha) of the urban growth area between 1993 and 2011. The city lies at the eastern end of the Snohomish River floodplain , with elevations that range from 40 to 210 feet (12 to 64 m). The south and east edges of
6240-471: The nut, including large nut size or early or late fruiting, whereas others are grown as pollinators. The majority of commercial hazelnuts are propagated from root sprouts. Some cultivars are of hybrid origin between common hazel and filbert . In Ireland and the United Kingdom, hazelnuts are sometimes referred to as cobnuts, for which a specific cultivated variety – Kentish cobnuts –
6336-761: The onset of the Great Depression in 1929, several lettuce farms in the Monroe area had folded and been acquired by the Frye Company, which provided employment through the decade for 1,000 residents. The farm was foreclosed in the late 1930s by a subsidiary of Great Northern after lettuce prices had declined. Service organizations in the town ran charity assistance programs for unemployed residents and their families, raising money from large employers to fund food and clothing donations. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) began civic improvement projects around Monroe in 1933, including repairs to damage caused by
6432-427: The original franchised company to operate Monroe's water. The town government proposed to acquire the system through a buyout, but their offers were rejected. A separate gravity water system was constructed by the town in 1923 that bankrupted the private system. The town government also granted franchises to private companies for electricity and a hospital in 1903. Monroe gained a new road to Snohomish in 1904, which
6528-428: The plant protection measures, potentially impacting the yield quality and level. There are very few studies on these systems, leading to a higher uncertainty for the producer. Hazelnuts are harvested annually in mid-autumn. As autumn comes to a close, the trees drop their nuts and leaves. Most commercial growers wait for the nuts to drop rather than using equipment to shake them from the tree. The harvesting of hazelnuts
6624-580: The poor farm complex in 1925 at a cost of $ 92,000 (equivalent to $ 1.27 million in 2023 dollars) to provide services to local residents. By the end of the decade, the town had gained new churches, a new masonic hall , a larger condensery plant, and a movie theater . A greenhouse operated by the Great Northern Railway was established in 1926 to supply passengers and decorate trains with fresh flowers. The complex later expanded to include ten greenhouses, but were demolished in 1962. At
6720-466: The population of the city doubled to over 13,000. The increased residential development in Monroe caused worsened congestion on State Route 522, which was named one of the most dangerous highways in the United States. The state government began a widening and safety improvement program in 1995 that has continued since then, gradually building four-lane sections for the highway and upgrading
6816-442: The population. There were 5,024 households, of which 46.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.3% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
6912-484: The publication the Monroe Monitor-Transcript ; "Transcript" was dropped from the title eight years later. In the 1960s it was part of a consortium of five newspapers in Snohomish County that collaborated to produce a 12-page supplement. The paper's final title was adopted in 1985 when then-owner Voland Publications acquired the Valley News from neighboring Sultan . (It was previously known as
7008-556: The regional Centennial Trail . The area is served by The Everett Herald and The Seattle Times , the daily newspapers in the northern Puget Sound region . The Monroe Monitor and Valley News was a local weekly newspaper published in Monroe by the Pacific Publishing Company . It was founded in 1899 as the Monitor and later acquired two other newspapers operating in the Skykomish Valley:
7104-615: The remaining two-lane sections. During the 1990s and 2000s, several large strip malls and big-box stores were built along U.S. Route 2 north of downtown. The North Kelsey development in the early 2010s brought a controversial Walmart to Monroe, which was challenged by neighborhood activists for violating the city's plans for a pedestrian-friendly retail neighborhood. Since 2000, the Downtown Revitalization and Enhancement Association of Monroe (DREAM) has sponsored revitalization projects in downtown Monroe to preserve
7200-465: The rest commute to other cities for work. The most common locations for jobs employing Monroe residents are in Seattle (15%), Everett (9%), Redmond (9%), Bellevue (8%), and Kirkland (4%). The average one-way commute for the city's workers was approximately 30.8 minutes in 2015; 75 percent of commuters drove alone to their workplace, while 14 percent carpooled and 3 percent used public transit . The most common occupations for Monroe residents are in
7296-471: The rootstock is formed by the variety itself. To enhance the possibility for mechanization and to prevent suckering , a single-trunk tree can be formed by grafting a scion of the desired variety on a Corylus colurna rootstock. There are different approaches in orchard floor management. Strong infestations of certain weeds can lower the yield. Therefore, to prevent yield loss by competition, herbicides are used to create bare soil. Using cover crops protects
7392-449: The row as it drives forward. On the rear of the sweeper is a powerful blower to blow material left into the adjacent row with air speeds up to 90 m/s (300 ft/s). Careful grooming during the year and patient blowing at harvest may eliminate the need for hand raking around the tree trunk, where nuts may accumulate. The sweeper prepares a single center row of nuts, narrow enough for the harvesting tractor to drive over without driving on
7488-415: The soil and suppresses weed establishment without a yield reduction. Silvopastoral systems where animals like pigs are kept in the orchard or silvoarable systems where crops are grown between the rows could introduce new sources of revenue into the hazelnut production and may have beneficial effects on hazelnut yield by fertilizing the soil through nitrogen fixation or animal dung. These systems limit
7584-411: The south side of Tye City using teams of oxen, horses, and a steam thresher . After the relocation of Vanasdlen's general store and post office, the settlement became known as Monroe. The completion of the railroad attracted lumber operations to the Monroe area, boosted by the opening of the first shingle mill in 1894 and the first sawmill on Woods Creek in 1897. A bridge across the Skykomish River
7680-406: The start of regular steamship service on the river as far east as Sultan . The first roads in the area were surveyed in 1882, including an 11-mile (18 km) wagon road connecting Park Place to Snohomish in the west. During the 1880s, settlers in Park Place and Tualco received their first shipment of dairy cattle and also began planting hops , which would briefly become a cash crop until
7776-480: The trunk or branch, at the end of the growing season. The traditional term for an area of cultivated hazelnuts is a plat . The many cultivars of the hazel include 'Atababa', 'Barcelona', 'Butler', 'Casina', 'Clark', 'Cosford', 'Daviana', 'Delle Langhe', 'England', 'Ennis', 'Halls Giant', 'Jemtegaard', 'Kent Cob', 'Lewis', 'Tokolyi', 'Tonda Gentile', 'Tonda di Giffoni', 'Tonda Romana', 'Wanliss Pride', and 'Willamette'. Some of these are grown for specific qualities of
7872-474: The winter and early spring, and Monroe averages 177 days of precipitation per year. Monroe's location in the foothills of the Cascade Range brings additional precipitation compared to nearby communities, with 48 inches (1,200 mm) annually compared to 33 inches (840 mm) in Everett. Monroe rarely receives significant snowfall , with an average of 8 inches (20 cm) per year since 1929. July
7968-429: Was platted in 1890 and gained several new businesses, including a blacksmith , grocery store , a second hotel , and a butcher . The final survey for Great Northern in 1891 placed the railroad tracks one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Park Place, bypassing the settlement in favor of a straighter alignment to cross the Snohomish River south of downtown Snohomish. The railroad built a small depot named "Wales" on
8064-436: Was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.41. The median age in the city was 33.1 years. 26.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 36.1% were from 25 to 44; 21.2% were from 45 to 64; and 7.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 56.3% male and 43.7% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 13,795 people, 4,173 households, and 3,058 families residing in
8160-429: Was chosen by Vanasdlen, with the input of McClurg, to honor of U.S. President James Monroe . The new post office for Monroe was granted by the U.S. Post Office Department on March 19, 1890. The Great Northern Railway chose a route over Stevens Pass in the late 1880s for its transcontinental railroad connecting Seattle to St. Paul, Minnesota , bringing new development to the Skykomish Valley. Monroe at Park Place
8256-439: Was completed in November 1908, costing $ 7,000 (equivalent to $ 167,000 in 2023 dollars) and paid for using a saloon license tax; the building now serves as the home of a local history museum . The new town government granted a municipal water franchise to a private company in 1903, sparking a conflict with local water companies . A competing water company unsuccessfully sued the town for franchise rights, but later acquired
8352-406: Was completed later that year at a cost of $ 1.5 million (equivalent to $ 35 million in 2023 dollars). The Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Company opened a milk condensery in Monroe on August 29, 1908, serving 2,000 visitors on "Condenser Day". The plant was the largest producer of Carnation brand condensed milk and brought the city's population to 2,500 within two years of opening. Within
8448-550: Was consolidated into the Burlington Northern Railroad in 1970, and the Monroe train depot was demolished in October of that year. State Route 522 , a new state highway connecting Monroe to Bothell , was opened to traffic on February 10, 1965. The easier car access made Monroe into a bedroom community for Everett, Seattle, and the Eastside region, with new suburban subdivisions being built around
8544-475: Was established in 1961 to replace the county-run general hospital on the poor farm complex. A major earthquake struck the Puget Sound region on April 29, 1965, causing severe damage to the original Monroe High School and its annex. The high school campus was demolished and replaced by a new building that opened in October 1968 and served the city until the modern campus was built in 1999. Great Northern
8640-535: Was followed a year later by a new bridge over the Skykomish River on Lewis Street (now State Route 203 ). The state government chose Monroe as the site of the state's second reformatory in 1907, ahead of competing bids from Arlington and Sultan. The first inmate at the facility's temporary buildings in August 1908; construction of a permanent building, now part of the Monroe Correctional Complex , began in May 1910 and
8736-646: Was found in a midden pit on the island of Colonsay in Scotland. The evidence consists of a large, shallow pit full of the remains of hundreds of thousands of burned hazelnut shells. Hazelnuts have been found on other Mesolithic sites, but rarely in such quantities or concentrated in one pit. The nuts were radiocarbon dated to 7720±110 BP, which calibrates to c. 6000 BCE . Similar sites in Britain are known only at Farnham in Surrey and Cass ny Hawin on
8832-567: Was opened in 1894 to replace the ferry and the town's first church was established two years later. The county government chose a 40-acre (16 ha) site north of Monroe for a 20-bed poor farm at the modern-day site of the Evergreen State Fairgrounds ; it later became the Valley General Hospital . A cooperative of Monroe-area farmers built the city's first creamery in 1895, which was destroyed in
8928-449: Was opened in 2007 to house 144 inmates at higher security levels. The state legislature's proposal to close the complex in 2009 due to its high costs was withdrawn and replaced with cuts to capacity at other facilities. A non-profit arts council for Monroe was founded in 2003 and sponsors art projects and events in the city using small government grants. The arts council sponsored the creation of an 80-foot (24 m) mural depicting
9024-555: Was opened on September 1, 1911. A new train depot was constructed by the Great Northern Railway in 1909 to serve the mainline as well as a branch line traversing the Snoqualmie Valley that was opened two years later by the Milwaukee Road . The local timber industry declined and was replaced by a larger reliance on agriculture, namely dairy, vegetable, and berry farms on the logged-off lands around Monroe. One of
9120-632: Was previously located in Gold Bar but moved to the Monroe area in 2003. Monroe has 14 parks with a total area of 207 acres (84 ha), of which 62.6 acres (25.3 ha) is designated as usable space. The city government's parks and recreation department maintains the parks and organizes recreational events for residents alongside private organizations like the YMCA . Monroe also has 14 miles (23 km) of multi-use pedestrian and bicycle trails that connect neighborhoods and parks. The city's largest park
9216-596: Was used by the S'dodohobc band of the Snohomish people . The land around the confluence was cleared into a prairie and used to cultivate berries, hazelnuts , and other plants. The Skykomish were among the tribes to sign the Treaty of Point Elliott in 1855, effectively ceding their traditional territories, including the Tualco and confluence areas. The area around modern-day Monroe was surveyed by George B. McClellan and
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