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22-454: Montagu Square is a garden square in Marylebone , London . It is centred 550  metres north of Marble Arch . It spans 810 feet (250 m) by 150 feet (46 m). and is oriented on an axis of about NNW . Save for No.s 27 to 29 the long sides (NNW-SSE) are Grade II listed residential buildings . Montagu Place runs along the north end; George Street along the south; both have

44-422: A contrasting pale colour. There are no letter-suffixed numbers, but 5 of the original 63 (the north-west corners) have merged; leaving the original 58 still standing largely unaltered, as listed buildings – they have statutory protection in the mainstream, starting class: All are similar, that of 35 reads: Terraced town house. c.1810–11, by J.T. Parkinson as part of his Montagu-Bryanston Square development for

66-476: A crossroads on the western side with Upper Montagu/Montagu Streets, each in turn one block away from retail/service premises fronted streets. It remains, as to minor, overarching interests , part of the Portman Estate . It was built between 1810 and 1815 along with Bryanston Square , a little to the west, and first leased to the builder David Porter. He named the square after his former mistress when he

88-809: A public private partnership between the Department of Parks and Recreation and the Fitler Square Improvement Association. In Boston tens of squares exist, some having a mainly residential use. The Kingstowne development in Fairfax County, Virginia , near Washington, DC , contains several townhouse complexes built around garden squares. In Africa, garden squares are rare. Many squares and parks in Africa were constructed during colonial rule, along with European-styled architecture. A well-known square like this in Africa

110-469: Is Greenmarket Square , in the center of Cape Town , which previously hosted more townhouses at its edges but has been mostly paved over. Garden Squares generally do not occur throughout Asia. Parks usually occupy the need for urban green spaces, while historic and modern gardens exist as attractions, not central communal spaces. Portman Square Portman Square is a garden square in Marylebone , central London, surrounded by townhouses . It

132-486: Is famous for them; they are described as one of the glories of the capital. Many were built or rebuilt during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, at the height of Georgian architecture , and are surrounded by townhouses . Large projects, such as the Bedford Estate , included garden squares in their development. The Notting Hill and Bloomsbury neighbourhoods both have many garden squares, with

154-480: Is statutorily protected and recognised in the mainstream, initial category (Grade II). Its houses were in its first century let or rented in toto by Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton , Sir Brook Bridges, 3rd Baronet , Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne , George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle , Sir Charles Asgill, 1st Baronet , and William Henry Percy . Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife , maintained his London home at No. 15. About

176-416: Is surrounded by tall terraced houses and other types of townhouse . Because it is designed for the amenity of surrounding residents, it is subtly distinguished from a town square designed to be a public gathering place: due to its inherent private history, it may have a pattern of dedicated footpaths and tends to have considerably more plants than hard surfaces or large monuments. At their conception in

198-863: The Place de la République . The enclosed garden terraces ( French: jardins terrasses ) and courtyards ( French: cours ) of some French former palaces have resulted in redevelopments into spaces equivalent to garden squares. The same former single-owner scenario applies to at least one garden square in London ( Coleridge Square ). Grandiose instances of garden-use town squares are a part of many French cities, others opt for solid material town squares. The Square de Meeûs and Square Orban are notable examples in Brussels. Dublin has several Georgian examples, including Merrion Square , Fitzwilliam Square , Mountjoy Square , St Stephens Green and Parnell Square . Perhaps

220-597: The 19th century, with notable exceptions below. Rittenhouse Square in the Center City, Philadelphia encases a public garden, one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. It was first named Southwest Square. Nearby Fitler Square is a similar garden square named for late 19th century Philadelphia mayor Edwin Henry Fitler shortly after his death in 1896. The Square, cared for through

242-642: The 20th century, many garden squares that were previously accessible only to defined residents became accessible to the public. Those in central urban locations, such as Leicester Square in London's West End, have become indistinguishable from town squares. Others, while publicly accessible, are largely used by local residents and retain the character of garden squares or small communal parks. Many private squares, even in busy locations, remain private, such as Portman Square in Marylebone in London, despite its proximity to London's busiest shopping districts. London

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264-733: The Portman Estate. Stock brick with channelled stucco ground floor; concealed slate roof. 5 storeys and basement. 3 windows wide. Semicircular arched doorway to left with panelled door, fluted jambs and patterned fanlight. Recessed sashes, under flat gauged arches to upper floors. Plat band finishing off ground floor stuccowork. Crowning stucco cornice and blocking course. Continuous, cast iron geometric patterned balcony to 1st floor. Cast iron area railings with urn finials." Numbering runs 1 to 63 consecutively, anti-clockwise; traffic circulates clockwise (plus two-way at short ends). Montagu Court (similar age to Brymon Court) has merged No.s 27 to 29 at

286-428: The early 17th century, each such garden was a private communal amenity for the residents of the overlooking houses akin to a garden courtyard within a palace or community. Such community courtyards date back to at least Ur in 2000 BC where two-storey houses were built of fired brick around an open square. Kitchen , working, and public spaces were located on the ground floor, with private rooms located upstairs. In

308-472: The former mostly still restricted to residents, and the latter open to all. Other UK cities prominent in the Georgian era such as Edinburgh , Bath , Bristol and Leeds have several garden squares. Householders with access to a private garden square are commonly required to pay a maintenance levy. Normally the charge is set annually by a garden committee. Sometimes private garden squares are opened to

330-603: The most famous garden square in the United States is Gramercy Park in southern Midtown Manhattan . Famously, it has remained private and gated throughout its existence; possession of a key to the park is a jealously guarded privilege that only certain local residents enjoy. The tradition of fee simple land ownership in American cities has made collective amenities such as garden squares comparatively rare. Very few sub-dividers and developers included them in plats during

352-434: The north end of Montagu Square. Brymon Court has merged No.s 31, 32 with the first two even numbers of Upper Montagu Street. Garden square A garden square is a type of communal garden in an urban area wholly or substantially surrounded by buildings; commonly, it continues to be applied to public and private parks formed after such a garden becomes accessible to the public at large. The archetypal garden square

374-616: The outset, is the Square René Viviani . Gardens substantially cover a few of the famous Places in the capital; instead, the majority are paved and replete with profoundly hard materials such as Place de la Concorde . Inspired by ecological interests and a 21st-century focus on pollution mitigation, an increasing number of the Places in Paris today many have a focal tree or surrounding raised flower beds/and or rows of trees such as

396-538: The public, such as during Open Garden Squares Weekend. Privately owned squares which survived the decades after the French Revolution and 19th century Haussmann's renovation of Paris include the Place des Vosges and Square des Épinettes in Paris. The Place des Vosges was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the central reasons that Le Marais district became so fashionable for French nobility. It

418-480: Was a chimney sweep, Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu . John Summerson discounts the square as "a plain, uniform regiment of brown brick houses", comparing it unfavourably with Bryanston Square. The architect of both was Joseph T. Parkinson . Lower floors above ground level tend to have very long windows, reflecting the height of ceilings of these subtly mid rise buildings with elegant red stone dressings. The ground floors tend to feature paintwork, stucco and stone dressings for

440-603: Was demolished in about 1860. At the east end of the garden, thus marking one end of Baker Street and of Orchard Street (a short link to Oxford Street ) is the Hamilton Memorial Drinking fountain. This was provided by Mariana Augusta, under the auspices of the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association , in honour of her late husband Sir John James Hamilton, 2nd Baronet , briefly MP for Sudbury . The fountain

462-481: Was inaugurated in 1612 with a grand carrousel to celebrate the engagement of Louis XIII to Anne of Austria and is a prototype of the residential squares of European cities that were to come. What was new about the Place Royale as it was known in 1612 was that the house fronts were all built to the same design, probably by Baptiste du Cerceau . In town squares, similarly green but publicly accessible from

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484-430: Was specifically for private housing let on long leases having a ground rent by the Portman Estate , which owns the private communal gardens. It marks the western end of Wigmore Street , which connects it to Cavendish Square to the east. It was built between 1765 and 1784 on land belonging to Henry William Portman . An infantry barracks , Portman Square Barracks, was built between Portman and Orchard Streets; it

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