Adrien Louis Marie Alibert , known as Louis Alibert ( Loís Alibèrt in Occitan ; 1884–1959) was a French linguist, born on October 12, 1884, in Bram in the Aude and died on April 16, 1959, in Montpellier. He specialized in Occitan and Languedocien . He is also the initiator of the classical standard of Occitan, adopted by the Institute of Occitan Studies (IEO) in 1945.
14-573: Montségur ( French pronunciation: [mɔ̃seɡyʁ] ; Languedocien : Montsegur ) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France . It is famous for its fortification , the Château de Montségur , that was built on the "pog" (mountain) on the ruins of one of the last strongholds of the Cathars . The present fortress on the site, though described as one of the " Cathar castles ,"
28-449: Is an Occitan dialect spoken in rural parts of southern France such as Languedoc , Rouergue , Quercy , Agenais and Southern Périgord . It is sometimes also called Languedocien-Guyennais. Due to its central position among the dialects of Occitan, it is often used as a basis for a Standard Occitan. About 10% of the population of Languedoc are fluent in the language (about 300,000), and another 20% (600,000) "have some understanding" of
42-553: Is both a central and conservative dialect. For these reasons, certain linguists are in favour of a standardisation of Occitan using Languedocien as a basis for this. Languedocien encompasses a number of variations, the classification of which is still ongoing. Jules Ronjat gives three sub-groups: Louis Alibert uses four sub-groups: Domergue Sumien defines the categories thus: In their supra-dialectal classification of Occitan, Pierre Bec and Domergue Sumien divide Languedocien into one or two supra-dialectal groups: With
56-762: Is from a later period. It has been listed as a historic site by the French Ministry of Culture since 1862. According to the book, Holy Blood, Holy Grail , Montségur was the location of a mythical treasure related to the Holy Grail , which was promptly smuggled away before the Cathar surrender. The earliest signs of settlement in the area date back to the time of the Neanderthals , tens of thousands of years ago. Evidence of Roman occupation such as Roman currency and tools have also been found in and around
70-588: The Catholic Church ) who had sought refuge at the Montségur fortress were besieged by 10,000 troops, in what is now known as the siege of Montségur . In March 1244, the Cathars finally surrendered and approximately 244 were burned en masse in a bonfire at the foot of the pog when they refused to renounce their faith. Some 25 took the ultimate Cathar vow of consolamentum perfecti in the two weeks before
84-563: The Territorial Army. He was placed at the disposal of the health service of the 16th Army Corps on February 14, 1919, which assigned him to the complementary hospital n ° 12 in Castelnaudary . He was demobilized on June 17, 1919, but remained in the territorial army reserve until 1925. He was appointed 1st class assistant pharmacist in 1924, and released from his military service obligations in 1932. He dedicated his career to
98-433: The absence of a linguistic census, it is difficult to obtain exact figures on the number of speakers. The most recent global studies on Occitan say the number of speakers ranges from 500,000 to 700,000 for the language as a whole. UNESCO , which is the only organisation to treat Languedocien independently, estimates the number at around 500,000, and considers the language under serious threat. Louis Alibert Alibert
112-435: The final surrender. The Inquisitors kept faithful accounts and included the names of many, who are remembered every year on the anniversary of the massacre on 16 March. These names are also displayed at the museum in the village of Montsegur. Languedocien dialect Languedocien (French name, pronounced [lɑ̃ɡdɔsjɛ̃] ), Languedocian , or Lengadocian ( Occitan pronunciation: [ˌleŋɡɔðuˈsja] )
126-488: The flag at the beginning. of August 1914. He carried out his first period of exercises from August 17, 1910, to September 13, 1913, in the 113th Infantry Regiment and the second in the 148th Infantry Regiment. Alibert took part in the First World War , during which he was appointed corporal on August 10, 1914, an auxiliary pharmacist on March 1, 1916, 2nd class assistant pharmacist temporarily on October 19, 1918, in
140-541: The language. All speak French as their first or second language. Languedocien is spoken in certain parts of three French regions. Other dialects spoken in these areas include: Gascon , Catalan , Limousin , and Auvergnat , as well as the unrelated Basque language. The following are the main characteristics of the Languedocien dialect: None of these characteristics are unique to Languedocien; many are shared with one or more other Occitan dialects. Languedocien
154-748: The restoration and normalization of the modern Occitan language . He was secretary general of the Societat d'Estudis Occitans, created in Toulouse in 1930, and followed the methods of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans . In 1935, the Office of Southern Relations of the Generalitat of Catalonia published in Barcelona his work Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians , dedicated exclusively to
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#1732775574736168-652: The site. The name "Montségur" comes from Latin mons securus ("secure mountain") which evolved into mont ségur in Occitan . In the year 1204 CE the chateau was fortified to guard the southern frontier. In the Middle Ages the Montségur region was ruled by the Counts of Toulouse , the Viscounts of Carcassonne and finally the Counts of Foix . In 1243–44, the Cathars (a religious movement considered heretical by
182-457: The speakers of Languedoc , which served as the base for the purification of the rest of the Occitan dialects. After World War II , in 1946, Alibert was convicted of Indignité nationale as a collaborator with Nazi Germany. He was given a five-year prison sentence. He was freed in 1951 after the completion of his sentence. Alibert also worked toward the creation of a common literary language,
196-602: Was born in Bram in the Aude , in Lauragais , on 12 October 1884, to a family of peasants who spoke Occitan . He completed his studies in pharmacy, philology and history. He graduated from méridional and history studies. Postponed in 1905 and 1906, Alibert was incorporated into the 81st Infantry Regiment in 1907. He made his classes in availability on July 11, 1908, then was placed in reserve on October 1, 1908, until his recall to
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