Moomin World ( Finnish : Muumimaailma , Swedish : Muminvärlden ) is a theme park based on the Moomin books by Tove Jansson . It was designed by Dennis Livson, and is located on the island of Kailo next to the old town of Naantali , in Southwest Finland .
101-565: The blueberry-coloured Moomin House is the main attraction of the park, where guests are permitted to visit all five storeys. The full-size moominhouse was built in 1993 to look like Jansson's own earlier drawings of the house. Hemulen's house is located next to the Moomin House. It is also possible to go to, for example, Moominmamma's kitchen, the fire station, Snufkin's camp, and Moominpappa's boat. Visitors can also meet Moomin characters around
202-445: A common gender with the definite suffix -en and the definite article den , in contrast with the neuter gender equivalents -et and det . The verb system was also more complex: it included subjunctive and imperative moods and verbs were conjugated according to person as well as number . By the 16th century, the case and gender systems of the colloquial spoken language and the profane literature had been largely reduced to
303-606: A dragonlike , gigantic monster (the second largest creature in the world – only his brother is larger) who pays for people's funerals if he accidentally treads on them. He is generally bad tempered because of this. He accidentally aids the launch of the Oshun Oxtra ( Ocean Orchestra ), a boat invented by Moominpappa's childhood friend, Hodgkins, by sitting in a river bed. ( Swedish ) – the rather bitter stage rat ( teaterråtta ) in Moominsummer Madness . She helps
404-477: A guttural or "French R" pronunciation in the South Swedish dialects ; consequently, these dialects lack retroflex consonants . Swedish is a stress-timed language, where the time intervals between stressed syllables are equal. However, when casually spoken, it tends to be syllable-timed . Any stressed syllable carries one of two tones , which gives Swedish much of its characteristic sound. Prosody
505-637: A boat in which Moominpappa and his friends travel on their adventures. Hodgkins is called Frederickson in some translations, such as the 1990 animated series . ( Swedish : Spöket – "The Ghost") – a spectre that haunts the Island colonised by Moominpappa in The Exploits of Moominpappa . He is not very good at haunting and gets annoyed when the colonists laugh at him. He takes up knitting to soothe his nerves. ( Swedish : Joxaren , Finnish : Juksu , Swedish verb joxa "fiddle, tinker") – The Joxter
606-537: A change from tauþr into tuþr . Moreover, the øy diphthong changed into a long, close ø , as in the Old Norse word for "island". By the end of the period, these innovations had affected most of the Runic Swedish-speaking area as well, with the exception of the dialects spoken north and east of Mälardalen where the diphthongs still exist in remote areas. Old Swedish (Swedish: fornsvenska )
707-528: A conversation. Due to the close relation between the Scandinavian languages, a considerable proportion of speakers of Danish and especially Norwegian are able to understand Swedish. There is considerable migration between the Nordic countries , but owing to the similarity between the cultures and languages (with the exception of Finnish ), expatriates generally assimilate quickly and do not stand out as
808-789: A deep rooted belief in prestige and tradition. Nevertheless, after a catastrophe, the Fillyjonk can be freed from the trammels of social expectation and can discover the joys of freedom, irrationality and self-expression. Deep inside she has had a wish to live freely as the Moomin family does, without any worries. Fillyjonks resemble humanoid rodents; they are tall and thin, with long muzzles and raccoon-like rings around their eyes. ( Swedish : Sås-djuret – såsa , "to linger; to loiter" + djur , "animal", Finnish : Sosuli ) – Sniff's mother. Married to Muddler . ( Swedish : Gafsan – gafsa , "chatter; tittle-tattle", Finnish : Louska ) – not much
909-466: A friend. How their relationship is portrayed varies between adaptations. For example, the 1990 animated series shows him consistently, if shyly, returning her affections. His best friend is Snufkin . Snufkin is inspired by Atos Wirtanen , Tove Jansson ’s close friend and at one point, fiancé. Moomintroll is also an author avatar for Jansson, meaning the two characters were based on real-life lovers. Because of this real-life parallel, their relationship
1010-478: A girl referred to simply as "the Mymble's Daughter" ( Swedish : Mymlans dotter ), who appears to be the eldest of the Mymble's children, and helps her mother with child care for her younger brothers and sisters. In later books and in the comic strips, the Mymble's Daughter comes to be known as just "the Mymble". She appears again as a relatively minor character in Moominsummer Madness , Moominland Midwinter and
1111-534: A golden anklet. She changes color according to her mood, with her baseline color in the books described as pale yellow. Snorks are almost identical to Moomins except that Snorks come in different colors (Moomins are white), have hair on their heads, and their fur changes color depending on their mood. Snorkmaiden is known as Fraulein in the Japanese dub of the 1990s animated series. (Fraulein means "Miss" in German, but
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#17327909739541212-747: A group. According to the 2000 United States Census , some 67,000 people over the age of five were reported as Swedish speakers, though without any information on the degree of language proficiency. Similarly, there were 16,915 reported Swedish speakers in Canada from the 2001 census. Although there are no certain numbers, some 40,000 Swedes are estimated to live in the London area in the United Kingdom. Outside Sweden and Finland, there are about 40,000 active learners enrolled in Swedish language courses. In
1313-629: A large proportion of the remaining 100,000 in the Scandinavian countries, France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada and Australia. Over three million people speak Swedish as a second language, with about 2,410,000 of those in Finland. According to a survey by the European Commission , 44% of respondents from Finland who did not have Swedish as a native language considered themselves to be proficient enough in Swedish to hold
1414-425: A more abstract sense, such as that set of fish; while fisken means "the fish". In certain cases, the definite form indicates possession, e. g., jag måste tvätta hår et ("I must wash my hair"). Adjectives are inflected in two declensions – indefinite and definite – and they must match the noun they modify in gender and number. The indefinite neuter and plural forms of an adjective are usually created by adding
1515-504: A mostly positive reception from both fans and critics. Snufkin serves as the main protagonist in the 2024 video game Melody of Moominvalley . ( Swedish : Lilla My – my , " micron , mu ") is a small, determined and fiercely independent Mymble. When she wants something done, she does it straight away. She is very aggressive and totally disrespectful, but can be a good friend. She is Snufkin's half-sister and first appeared in The Exploits of Moominpappa , in which her small stature
1616-435: A noun. They can double as demonstrative pronouns or demonstrative determiners when used with adverbs such as här ("here") or där ("there") to form den/det här (can also be "denna/detta") ("this"), de här (can also be "dessa") ("these"), den/det där ("that"), and de där ("those"). For example, den där fisken means "that fish" and refers to a specific fish; den fisken is less definite and means "that fish" in
1717-438: A park keeper in The Exploits of Moominpappa . Joxter is the lover of The Mymble (elder). ( Swedish : Isfrun , Finnish : Jäärouva – "The Ice-Lady") – a very creepy, beautiful lady who brings winter to Moominvalley. Looking into her eyes will freeze you, turning you into ice. She is also referred to as "The Great Cold" ( Swedish : den Stora Kölden – "The Great Cold", Finnish : Suuri Pakkanen – "The Great Frost") and
1818-689: A special branch of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland has official status as the regulatory body for Swedish in Finland. Among its highest priorities is to maintain intelligibility with the language spoken in Sweden. It has published Finlandssvensk ordbok , a dictionary about the differences between Swedish in Finland and Sweden. From the 13th to 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia , particularly on
1919-442: A suffix ( -t or -a ) to the common form of the adjective, e. g., en grön stol (a green chair), ett grönt hus (a green house), and gröna stolar ("green chairs"). The definite form of an adjective is identical to the indefinite plural form, e. g., den gröna stolen ("the green chair"), det gröna huset ("the green house"), and de gröna stolarna ("the green chairs"). Swedish pronouns are similar to those of English. Besides
2020-409: A thunderstorm, when they can cause electrical burns. Hattifatteners grow from seeds, but only if this seed is sown on Midsummer Eve. ( Swedish : Hemul – hemul , a legal term, "authority or warrant for something (n.), entitled (adj.)", cf. also adjective ohemul "un-hemul"; "improper, unreasonable") ( In Swedish "Hemulen" means "the hemul" ) – Hemulens feature frequently in the books. One of them
2121-482: A very depressed and paranoid female character. In comics and picture books, she is usually the Moomin family's domestic help. Misabel has her only novel appearance in Moominsummer Madness , in which she is not a domestic help, but shows up to be a good actress. She is sometimes the owner of Sorry-oo. It has been said that Misabel's initial reaction to anyone talking to her is fear of them complaining about
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#17327909739542222-413: A village, Gammalsvenskby ("Old Swedish Village"). A few elderly people in the village still speak a Swedish dialect and observe the holidays of the Swedish calendar, although their dialect is most likely facing extinction. From 1918 to 1940, when Estonia was independent, the small Swedish community was well treated. Municipalities with a Swedish majority, mainly found along the coast, used Swedish as
2323-407: Is Moominpappa's old friend and father of Snufkin. He is described as worry-free and so lazy that he described his perfect life as: “sitting in a fruit tree, eating fruit as it grows”. He appears beige in colour and has water-clear eyes. He has forebodings throughout the book telling his friends of danger. Joxter also shares his son’s dislike of authority figures stating that their family was at war with
2424-515: Is a Nordic-themed entertainment park in Hanno city, northwest of Tokyo, Japan. It was opened in March 2019, and includes an area called Moominvalley Park , the first Moomin theme park to be located outside Finland. Metsä was initially planned to start operation in 2015 for the 100th birth year of Tove Jansson, but on June 30, 2015, it was announced that this would be delayed to 2017. On December 6, 2016,
2525-575: Is a powerful magician who travels the Universe with his flying panther, looking for the King's Ruby. His top hat is found in the Lonely Mountains by Moomintroll, Snufkin and Sniff, who take it back to Moominhouse. Chaos ensues, as anything you put inside the hat is transformed. Moomintroll himself is changed into a tarsier by the hat when he uses it to hide in during a game. The hat also changes
2626-696: Is an avid stamp collector, and another is an avid skier. In Finn Family Moomintroll , "un-Hemulenish" ( ohemul ) contains a sense of "unwarranted, unjustified". Other characters frequently find the Hemulens annoying or overwhelming, as they can be somewhat loud, bossy, abrasive and insensitive, but they are well-intentioned and usually have other redeeming qualities. Hemulens first appear in Comet in Moominland , featuring one who collect insects and another collecting stamps. The stamp collecting hemulen reappear in
2727-578: Is based on the real outlaw with the same name. A pirate who appears in the 1990 series. ( Swedish : Kungen/Självhärskaren , Finnish : Itsevaltias , Swedish "King"/ "Self-Emperor"; i.e. "autocrat") – the Autocrat in The Exploits of Moominpappa . He owns a fairground full of surprises, sits on a throne and gives a blast on his foghorn when he makes royal proclamations. A female ghost character living in an old manor house . She only appears in
2828-722: Is co- official language . Swedish was long spoken in parts of Estonia , although the current status of the Estonian Swedish speakers is almost extinct. It is also used in the Swedish diaspora , most notably in Oslo , Norway, with more than 50,000 Swedish residents. Swedish is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages . In the established classification, it belongs to
2929-550: Is declined by everyone and everything. Her most prominent appearances are in Finn Family Moomintroll , Moominland Midwinter and Moominpappa at Sea . ( Swedish : hattifnattar – with the first element compare hatta, "dither"; the second element is related to fnatta (omkring), "flutter around"; få fnatt, "go crazy or get excited over something"; poss. fnatt, "squirrel") – small white ghost-like creatures that resemble worn socks. Hattifatteners are always on
3030-540: Is explained as resulting from arrest of growth . ( Swedish : Alissa , Finnish : Aliisa ) – Alice, the Witch's granddaughter. Like the Witch, she first appeared in the animated 1990 series and does not appear in the original stories or comic strips. She likes the Moomins and plays with them on the sly whenever the Witch is otherwise occupied. She is a witch-in-training herself, and develops several magic skills during
3131-481: Is generally seen as adding specific Central Swedish features to the new Bible. Though it might seem as if the Bible translation set a very powerful precedent for orthographic standards, spelling actually became more inconsistent during the remainder of the century. It was not until the 17th century that spelling began to be discussed, around the time when the first grammars were written. Capitalization during this time
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3232-690: Is known about Gaffsie, except that she is a friend of Fillyjonk. She appears most prominently in The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My as well as in Tales from Moominvalley in the stories "The Fillyjonk who Believed in Disasters" and "The Fir Tree". She is also mentioned in Moominvalley in November . ( Swedish : Onkelskruttet – onkel , "uncle," also used in the meaning "grandfather"; for
3333-596: Is later changed by the Hobgoblin to "the usefulness of everything". ( Swedish : Mymlan – mymla , a slang word used in Tove Jansson's circle, with the meaning "to love"; compare mumla , "to mumble"; ) – "the Mymble" is a description given to two different characters. In The Exploits of Moominpappa , there is a matriarchal character known as "the Mymble". She is the mother of a very large and unspecified number of children, including Little My , Snufkin , and
3434-538: Is marked primarily through suffixes (endings), complemented with separate definite and indefinite articles . The prosody features both stress and in most dialects tonal qualities. The language has a comparatively large vowel inventory. Swedish is also notable for the voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative , a highly variable consonant phoneme . Swedish nouns and adjectives are declined in genders as well as number . Nouns are of common gender ( en form) or neuter gender ( ett form). The gender determines
3535-454: Is mistakenly Englishized as "Floren" in the English subtitles for the series) ( Swedish : Snusmumriken – dialectical snusmumrik or mumrik, "old man who talks carelessly; old codger, old bore; old snuff-taker; snotty or scruffy old man," derived from snus, "snuff, chewing tobacco" + interjection mum, also in mumla "mumble," with pejorative ending -ik) – Moomintroll's best friend, the son of
3636-513: Is often one of the most noticeable differences between dialects. The standard word order is, as in most Germanic languages , V2 , which means that the finite verb (V) appears in the second position (2) of a declarative main clause . Swedish morphology is similar to English; that is, words have comparatively few inflections . Swedish has two genders and is generally seen to have two grammatical cases – nominative and genitive (except for pronouns that, as in English, also are inflected in
3737-638: Is one of the official languages of the European Union , and one of the working languages of the Nordic Council . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Swedish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for interpretation or translation costs. The Swedish Language Council ( Språkrådet )
3838-473: Is slightly depreciatory, used especially for inferior, sick, incompetent or weak persons (the noun often denotes older persons: skröplig gubbe , "weak old man"). But the noun is also used for small beings with supernatural characteristics, particularly in fairy tales.) – Toffle's love-object in Who Will Comfort Toffle? ( Swedish : Misan – misär , "misery"; miserabel , "miserable") –
3939-518: Is sometimes examined in the context of queer theory . Moomintroll was initially called "snork". Jansson described him as her alter ego. The character has a mostly positive reception from critics. The asteroid 58345 Moomintroll was named in his honor. Moominmamma ( Swedish : Muminmamman ) – the mother of Moomintroll. She is very nurturing and calm. She is almost never without her handbag, which contains essentials like woolly socks, tummy powder, and bark. She makes bark boats every summer, and
4040-475: Is termed nusvenska (lit., "Now-Swedish") in linguistics, and started in the last decades of the 19th century. It saw a democratization of the language with a less formal written form that approached the spoken one. The growth of a public school system also led to the evolution of so-called boksvenska (literally, "book Swedish"), especially among the working classes, where spelling to some extent influenced pronunciation, particularly in official contexts. With
4141-452: Is the protagonist of most of the books. In the cartoon strip Moomintroll finds himself beset by endless problems. He is a "moomin" – a little white troll with a hippopotamus-like big round snout. Moomin is very close with Snorkmaiden . They have a very sweet and romantic relationship in the early books. However, later on he and Snorkmaiden are not seen together as often and after ‘ Moominland Midwinter ’ Moomin refers to Snorkmaiden as
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4242-532: Is the only character that the Groke is genuinely afraid of. The mameluke ( Swedish : mameluk ) is a type of large fish that first appears in Finn Family Moomintroll , in which Snork manages to catch one during a fishing trip. The mameluke is also featured in episode 62 of the 1990 animated series, in which the Witch saves Little My from being swallowed by it. It is also featured in an episode of
4343-527: Is the predominant language; in 19 municipalities , 16 of which are located in Åland , Swedish is the sole official language. Åland county is an autonomous region of Finland. According to a rough estimation, as of 2010 there were up to 300,000 Swedish-speakers living outside Sweden and Finland. The largest populations were in the United States (up to 100,000), the UK, Spain and Germany (c. 30,000 each) and
4444-455: Is the regulator of Swedish in Sweden but does not attempt to enforce control of the language, as for instance the Académie française does for French . However, many organizations and agencies require the use of the council's publication Svenska skrivregler in official contexts, with it otherwise being regarded as a de facto orthographic standard. Among the many organizations that make up
4545-407: Is the sole official language of Åland (an autonomous province under the sovereignty of Finland), where the vast majority of the 26,000 inhabitants speak Swedish as a first language. In Finland as a whole, Swedish is one of the two "national" languages, with the same official status as Finnish (spoken by the majority) at the state level and an official language in some municipalities . Swedish
4646-631: Is the term used for the medieval Swedish language. The start date is usually set to 1225 since this is the year that Västgötalagen ("the Västgöta Law") is believed to have been compiled for the first time. It is among the most important documents of the period written in Latin script and the oldest Swedish law codes . Old Swedish is divided into äldre fornsvenska (1225–1375) and yngre fornsvenska (1375–1526), "older" and "younger" Old Swedish. Important outside influences during this time came with
4747-465: The Gustav Vasa Bible , a translation deemed so successful and influential that, with revisions incorporated in successive editions, it remained the most common Bible translation until 1917. The main translators were Laurentius Andreæ and the brothers Laurentius and Olaus Petri . The Vasa Bible is often considered to be a reasonable compromise between old and new; while not adhering to
4848-679: The East Scandinavian languages , together with Danish , separating it from the West Scandinavian languages , consisting of Faroese , Icelandic , and Norwegian . However, more recent analyses divide the North Germanic languages into two groups: Insular Scandinavian (Faroese and Icelandic), and Continental Scandinavian (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish), based on mutual intelligibility due to heavy influence of East Scandinavian (particularly Danish) on Norwegian during
4949-467: The French vous (see T-V distinction ). Ni wound up being used as a slightly less familiar form of du , the singular second person pronoun, used to address people of lower social status. With the liberalization and radicalization of Swedish society in the 1950s and 1960s, these class distinctions became less important, and du became the standard, even in formal and official contexts. Though
5050-518: The United States , particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a significant Swedish-speaking immigrant population. This was notably true in states like Minnesota , where many Swedish immigrants settled. By 1940, approximately 6% of Minnesota's population spoke Swedish. Although the use of Swedish has significantly declined, it is not uncommon to find older generations and communities that still retain some use and knowledge of
5151-529: The fourth most spoken Germanic language , and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall. Swedish, like the other Nordic languages , is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age . It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish , although the degree of mutual intelligibility is dependent on
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#17327909739545252-581: The nationalist ideas that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the languages have separate orthographies , dictionaries, grammars, and regulatory bodies. Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish are thus from a linguistic perspective more accurately described as a dialect continuum of Scandinavian (North Germanic), and some of the dialects, such as those on the border between Norway and Sweden, especially parts of Bohuslän , Dalsland , western Värmland , western Dalarna , Härjedalen , Jämtland , and Scania , could be described as intermediate dialects of
5353-410: The object form) – although it is debated if the genitive in Swedish should be seen as a genitive case or just the nominative plus the so-called genitive s , then seen as a clitic . Swedish has two grammatical numbers – plural and singular . Adjectives have discrete comparative and superlative forms and are also inflected according to gender, number and definiteness . The definiteness of nouns
5454-399: The 1950s, when their use was removed from all official recommendations. A very significant change in Swedish occurred in the late 1960s, with the so-called du-reformen . Previously, the proper way to address people of the same or higher social status had been by title and surname. The use of herr ("Mr." or "Sir"), fru ("Mrs." or "Ma'am") or fröken ("Miss") was considered
5555-623: The 2019 series, as Moominpappa exaggerates his fishing story with Moomintroll. The green-haired Mermaid appears only in the animated 1990 series, in Episode 20 of Season 2. ( Swedish : Skruttet – also as a common noun, det lilla knyttet/skruttet , "the little creep"; skrutt , a noun with "various meanings, although with one common feature, that is something small or something weak, rubbish ( skräp , "garbage"), trash or core, which in turn also suggests something quite insignificant and worthless, about to be thrown away. When referring to persons, it
5656-485: The 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse , evolved into Old Norse. This language underwent more changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects: Old West Norse (Norway, the Faroe Islands and Iceland) and Old East Norse (Denmark and Sweden). The dialects of Old East Norse spoken in Sweden are called Runic Swedish , while
5757-471: The Modern Swedish period were the gradual assimilation of several different consonant clusters into the fricative [ʃ] and later into [ɧ] . There was also the gradual softening of [ɡ] and [k] into [j] and the fricative [ɕ] before front vowels . The velar fricative [ɣ] was also transformed into the corresponding plosive [ɡ] . The period that includes Swedish as it is spoken today
5858-483: The Moomin family understand what a theater is and also collaborates with Moominpappa on his play, The Lion's Brides . Before she introduces herself, the family refers to her as Theprop (the prop) after a misunderstanding. ( Swedish : Filifjonkan – no semantic meaning, but with the first element compare filibuffare "joker", filidera , "make bad noise", and with the second, fjompa/fjanta/fjolla + -an = "silly/foolish/fussy woman") The first Fillyjonks we hear of are
5959-539: The Moominhouse into a sort of jungle. The Hobgoblin has a quite intimidating appearance, but is friendly. ( Swedish : Fredriksson – "Frederickson", a common family name) – an inventor and childhood friend of Moominpappa ( The Exploits of Moominpappa ). He is Muddler's uncle and thus Sniff's great-uncle. He builds the Oshun Oxtra (misspelling of Ocean Orchestra in English, known as Haffsårkestern in Swedish),
6060-601: The Swedish Language Council, the Swedish Academy (established 1786) is arguably the most influential. Its primary instruments are the spelling dictionary Svenska Akademiens ordlista ( SAOL , currently in its 14th edition) and the dictionary Svenska Akademiens Ordbok , in addition to various books on grammar, spelling and manuals of style. Although the dictionaries have a prescriptive element, they mainly describe current usage. In Finland,
6161-502: The administrative language and Swedish-Estonian culture saw an upswing. However, most Swedish-speaking people fled to Sweden before the end of World War II , that is, before the invasion of Estonia by the Soviet army in 1944. Only a handful of speakers remain. Swedish dialects have either 17 or 18 vowel phonemes , 9 long and 9 short. As in the other Germanic languages, including English, most long vowels are phonetically paired with one of
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#17327909739546262-602: The animated 1990 series. ( Swedish : den som bor under diskbänken ) – a small furry creature that lives under the sink in Moomin House. He only appears in Moominland Midwinter and becomes known to Moomintroll when he wakes up during the long winter hibernation undertaken by the whole Moominfamily. Moomintroll tries to strike up a conversation with him by complimenting on his rather bushy eyebrows, but only succeeds in upsetting him. ( Swedish : dronten Edward – dronten , "dodo", Finnish : drontti Edvard ) –
6363-516: The beginning of Finn Family Moomintroll in which he is depressed, as he has every stamp on the face of earth and has lost his purpose in life. Later on, he finds a new purpose: to collect plants (this is the main hemulen character featured in the animated 1990 series). A female Hemulen raised Moominpappa in an orphanage, and later Moominpappa met her aunt, who looked confusingly like her ( Swedish : Trollkarlen – "The Wizard") – appearing in Finn Family Moomintroll (Swedish: Trollkarlens hatt), he
6464-463: The cave Sniff discovers in order to get some peace. There is an unfortunate accident, however: in Finn Family Moomintroll , Moomintroll has hidden the Hobgoblin's hat there; anything you put in the Hobgoblin's hat becomes transformed, and the Muskrat gets a nasty shock when he puts his false teeth in it to keep the sand out of them. He enjoys reading a book entitled "the uselessness of everything" which
6565-504: The colloquial spoken language of its day, it was not overly conservative in its use of archaic forms. It was a major step towards a more consistent Swedish orthography . It established the use of the vowels "å", "ä", and "ö", and the spelling "ck" in place of "kk", distinguishing it clearly from the Danish Bible, perhaps intentionally, given the ongoing rivalry between the countries. All three translators came from central Sweden, which
6666-635: The comic Moomin on the Riviera . Aunt Hemulen is a sister to Mr. Hemulen, only featured in Episode 4 of Season 2 of the animated 1990 series. Aunt Jane (in Finnish Mimmi-täti ) is the rich and cranky sister of Moominpappa's mother who appeared in the comic Moomin and Family Life . She is also featured in Episode 27 of the animated 1990 series. Billy the Kid appears only in the 1990 series, in Episode 17 of Season 2. He lives in "Cowboy Country" and
6767-584: The comic strips, and is a significant character in Moominvalley in November and in The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My . Swedish language This is an accepted version of this page Swedish ( endonym : svenska [ˈsvɛ̂nːska] ) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family , spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland . It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it
6868-403: The declension of the adjectives . For example, the word fisk ("fish") is a noun of common gender ( en fisk ) and can have the following forms: The definite singular form of a noun is created by adding a suffix ( -en , -n , -et or -t ), depending on its gender and if the noun ends in a vowel or not. The definite articles den , det , and de are used for variations to the definitiveness of
6969-508: The dialect and accent of the speaker. Standard Swedish , spoken by most Swedes , is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century, and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional varieties and rural dialects still exist, the written language is uniform and standardized . Swedish is the most widely spoken second language in Finland where its status
7070-541: The dialects of Denmark are referred to as Runic Danish . The dialects are described as "runic" because the main body of text appears in the runic alphabet . Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which had only 16 letters. Because the number of runes was limited, some runes were used for a range of phonemes , such as
7171-608: The elder Mymble and the Joxter , and half-brother to the Mymble's daughter and Little My . Snufkin wears old green clothes and a wide-brimmed hat that he has had since birth. He lives in a tent, smokes a pipe, and plays the harmonica . He is based on Tove Jansson's ex-fiancé Atos Wirtanen who was also known to wander. He lives a nomadic lifestyle, only staying in Moominvalley in the spring and summer, but leaving for warmer climates down south every winter. The character has
7272-545: The firm establishment of the Christian church and various monastic orders, introducing many Greek and Latin loanwords. With the rise of Hanseatic power in the late 13th and early 14th century, Middle Low German became very influential. The Hanseatic league provided Swedish commerce and administration with a large number of Low German -speaking immigrants. Many became quite influential members of Swedish medieval society, and brought terms from their native languages into
7373-591: The first one goes to her favorite. Moominpappa ( Swedish : Muminpappan ) – orphaned in his younger years, he is a somewhat restless soul who left the orphanage to venture out into the world in his youth, but has now settled down. His eagerness to try new things often sets a story in motion. He usually wears a black top-hat. ( Swedish : Snorkfröken – snorkig , "snooty, snotty"; fröken , "Miss") – Moomintroll's fair lady friend and admirer. She does fall in love with others sometimes, but returns to Moomintroll before things get too serious. She has blonde hair and sports
7474-430: The industrialization and urbanization of Sweden well under way by the last decades of the 19th century, a new breed of authors made their mark on Swedish literature . Many scholars, politicians and other public figures had a great influence on the emerging national language, among them prolific authors like the poet Gustaf Fröding , Nobel laureate Selma Lagerlöf and radical writer and playwright August Strindberg . It
7575-614: The islands (e. g., Hiiumaa , Vormsi , Ruhnu ; in Swedish, known as Dagö , Ormsö , Runö , respectively) along the coast of the Baltic , communities that today have all disappeared. The Swedish-speaking minority was represented in parliament , and entitled to use their native language in parliamentary debates. After the loss of Estonia to the Russian Empire in the early 18th century, around 1,000 Estonian Swedish speakers were forced to march to southern Ukraine , where they founded
7676-484: The language, particularly in rural communities like Lindström and Scandia . Swedish is the official main language of Sweden. Swedish is also one of two official languages of Finland. In Sweden, it has long been used in local and state government, and most of the educational system, but remained only a de facto primary language with no official status in law until 2009. A bill was proposed in 2005 that would have made Swedish an official language, but failed to pass by
7777-490: The last millennium and divergence from both Faroese and Icelandic. By many general criteria of mutual intelligibility, the Continental Scandinavian languages could very well be considered dialects of a common Scandinavian language. However, because of several hundred years of sometimes quite intense rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, including a long series of wars from the 16th to 18th centuries, and
7878-550: The late theatre director in Moominsummer Madness (the Emma the stage rat is his widow) and the young Fillyjonk who joins the Snork Maiden in the late night jaunt to the wishing well. Later we meet the psychological study of the "Fillyjonk Who Believed In Disasters" ( Tales from Moominvalley ). Not a single moment of fantasy or joy, only duties and discipline; she is an extremely methodical person tied down with principles and has
7979-418: The move and travel the sea in large groups (but always in odd numbers), such as boat convoys. They meet every year on a lonely island. Their only goal in life is to reach the horizon. They may communicate using telepathy. The Hattifatteners cannot see very well, but their sense of touch is very strong, and they can feel ground vibrations and electricity. Hattifatteners assemble once a year when they "recharge" in
8080-525: The narrowest possible margin (145–147) due to a pairing-off failure. A proposal for a broader language law, designating Swedish as the main language of the country and bolstering the status of the minority languages, was submitted by an expert committee to the Swedish Ministry of Culture in March 2008. It was subsequently enacted by the Riksdag , and entered into effect on 1 July 2009. Swedish
8181-421: The national standard languages. Swedish pronunciations also vary greatly from one region to another, a legacy of the vast geographic distances and historical isolation. Even so, the vocabulary is standardized to a level that make dialects within Sweden virtually fully mutually intelligible. East Germanic languages West Germanic languages Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Danish Swedish In
8282-424: The north. An early change that separated Runic Danish from the other dialects of Old East Norse was the change of the diphthong æi to the monophthong é , as in stæinn to sténn "stone". This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read stain and the later stin . There was also a change of au as in dauðr into a long open ø as in døðr "dead". This change is shown in runic inscriptions as
8383-441: The only acceptable way to begin conversation with strangers of unknown occupation, academic title or military rank. The fact that the listener should preferably be referred to in the third person tended to further complicate spoken communication between members of society. In the early 20th century, an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace the insistence on titles with ni —the standard second person plural pronoun)—analogous to
8484-457: The opening date was further pushed back to spring 2019. The Hattifatteners A large number of characters appear in the Moomin series by Tove Jansson . The original Swedish names are given with the etymologies and word associations suggested by Yvonne Bertills in her 2003 dissertation. Moomintroll ( Swedish : Mumintrollet – invented mumin + troll, "troll"; also simply Moomin)
8585-402: The original Germanic three- gender system. Nouns , adjectives , pronouns and certain numerals were inflected in four cases; besides the extant nominative , there were also the genitive (later possessive ), dative and accusative . The gender system resembled that of modern German , having masculine, feminine and neuter genders. The masculine and feminine genders were later merged into
8686-462: The park or the Witch in her cottage. Moomin World is not a traditional amusement park, as it does not have any rides. There are numerous activities and paths including Toffle's Path with the Witch's Labyrinth, The Hattifatteners ' Cave and The Groke 's House. There are also performances in the covered outdoor Moomin theatre Emma. Moomin World is open daily from mid-June to mid-August. Moomin World
8787-653: The quality of her work. ( Swedish : Rådd-djuret – rådda "to fuss or muddle or mess about" + djur , "animal") – The nephew of Hodgkins and Sniff's father. A rather untidy and confused individual who collects buttons of all sorts and lives in the coffee tin where he keeps the buttons. Married to Fuzzy . ( Swedish : Bisamråttan ) – a philosopher who believes in the pointlessness of things and reads Spengler , appears in Comet in Moominland and Finn Family Moomintroll . The Moomin children annoy him by putting hairbrushes in his bed and such like. He eventually takes to living in
8888-480: The reform was not an act of any centralized political decree, but rather the result of sweeping change in social attitudes, it was completed in just a few years, from the late 1960s to early 1970s. The use of ni as a polite form of address is sometimes encountered today in both the written and spoken language, particularly among older speakers. Swedish is the sole official national language of Sweden , and one of two in Finland (alongside Finnish ). As of 2006, it
8989-468: The rune for the vowel u , which was also used for the vowels o , ø and y , and the rune for i , also used for e . From 1200 onwards, the dialects in Denmark began to diverge from those of Sweden. The innovations spread unevenly from Denmark, creating a series of minor dialectal boundaries, or isoglosses , ranging from Zealand in the south to Norrland , Österbotten and northwestern Finland in
9090-442: The second element, see under Miffle, Finnish : Ruttuvaari ) – an old man who appears in Moominvalley in November . He is quite old and somewhat senile. He uses a cane and owns many pairs of glasses that he carries with him in a basket. ( Swedish : Mårran – morra "to growl; to grumble", Finnish : Mörkö – " bogeyman ; bugbear ") – cold and ghost-like, anything she touches will freeze. She seeks friendship and warmth, but
9191-640: The series, most notably walking on water, underwater-breathing, and running at lightning speed. ( Swedish : Förfadern , Finnish : Esi-isä ) – the Moomintrolls are descended from small, shaggy trolls living in tiled stoves. One of those is still dwelling in the Moomin family's bathing house cupboard and stove. He is called the Ancestor and makes appearances in Moominland Midwinter and Moominvalley in November . Minor character from
9292-444: The short /e/ (transcribed ⟨ ɛ ⟩ in the chart below). There are 18 consonant phonemes, two of which, / ɧ / and /r/ , vary considerably in pronunciation depending on the dialect and social status of the speaker. In many dialects, sequences of /r/ (pronounced alveolarly) with a dental consonant result in retroflex consonants ; alveolarity of the pronunciation of /r/ is a precondition for this retroflexion. /r/ has
9393-428: The short vowels, and the pairs are such that the two vowels are of similar quality , but with the short vowel being slightly lower and slightly centralized. In contrast to e.g. Danish, which has only tense vowels, the short vowels are slightly more lax, but the tense vs. lax contrast is not nearly as pronounced as in English, German or Dutch. In many dialects, the short vowel sound pronounced [ɛ] or [æ] has merged with
9494-534: The two cases and two genders of modern Swedish. A transitional change of the Latin script in the Nordic countries was to spell the letter combination "ae" as æ – and sometimes as a' – though it varied between persons and regions. The combination "ao" was similarly rendered a , and "oe" became o . These three were later to evolve into the separate letters ä , å and ö . The first time the new letters were used in print
9595-517: The two natural genders han and hon ("he" and "she"), there are also the two grammatical genders den and det , usually termed common and neuter . In recent years, a gender-neutral pronoun hen has been introduced, particularly in literary Swedish. Unlike the nouns, pronouns have an additional object form, derived from the old dative form. Hon , for example, has the following nominative, possessive, and object forms: Swedish also uses third-person possessive reflexive pronouns that refer to
9696-439: The vocabulary. Besides a great number of loanwords for such areas as warfare, trade and administration, general grammatical suffixes and even conjunctions were imported. The League also brought a certain measure of influence from Danish (at the time Swedish and Danish were much more similar than today). Early Old Swedish was markedly different from the modern language in that it had a more complex case structure and also retained
9797-562: Was called the world's fourth best theme park for children according to The Independent on Sunday (October 2005). Moomin World was elected as the domestic travel destination of 2005 (Matkamessut, Finnish Travel Fair 2006). Moomin World won the Golden Pony Award 2007 by The Games & Parks Industry magazine: the jury said that "Moomin World is welcoming, well themed and full of educational content." Metsä ('forest' in Finnish)
9898-484: Was during the 20th century that a common, standardized national language became available to all Swedes. The orthography finally stabilized and became almost completely uniform, with some minor deviations, by the time of the spelling reform of 1906. With the exception of plural forms of verbs and a slightly different syntax, particularly in the written language, the language was the same as the Swedish of today. The plural verb forms appeared decreasingly in formal writing into
9999-656: Was in Aff dyäffwlsens frästilse ("By the Devil's temptation") published by Johan Gerson in 1495. Modern Swedish (Swedish: nysvenska ) begins with the advent of the printing press and the European Reformation . After assuming power, the new monarch Gustav Vasa ordered a Swedish translation of the Bible . The New Testament was published in 1526, followed by a full Bible translation in 1541, usually referred to as
10100-523: Was not standardized. It depended on the authors and their background. Those influenced by German capitalized all nouns, while others capitalized more sparsely. It is also not always apparent which letters are capitalized owing to the Gothic or blackletter typeface that was used to print the Bible. This typeface was in use until the mid-18th century, when it was gradually replaced with a Latin typeface (often Antiqua ). Some important changes in sound during
10201-537: Was the sole native language of 83% of Swedish residents. In 2007, around 5.5% (c. 290,000) of the population of Finland were native speakers of Swedish, partially due to a decline following the Russian annexation of Finland after the Finnish War 1808–1809. The Fenno-Swedish - speaking minority is concentrated in the coastal areas and archipelagos of southern and western Finland. In some of these areas, Swedish
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