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106-551: The Morice River was listed as the 6th most endangered river in British Columbia due to the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines which would have carried diluted bitumen. The report was issued by the Outdoor Recreation Council of British Columbia. The Northern Gateway Pipeline did not make substantial progress following approval with 209 conditions. Subsequently the approval was quashed by

212-583: A blind trust which is atypical for opposition MPs, including leaders. According to documents obtained by the Ottawa Citizen , he fulfilled the pledge in July 2013 when the blind trust was set up by BMO Private Banking . On January 27, 2014, Trudeau and MP Carolyn Bennett escorted Chrystia Freeland into the House of Commons, as is traditional for by-election victors. Trudeau launched an internet video

318-458: A camp counsellor . Trudeau and his brothers were given shares in two numbered companies by their father: the first containing a portfolio of securities, from which they receive regular dividends, up to $ 20,000 per year; and the second which receives royalties from their father's autobiography and other sources, about $ 10,000 a year. As of August 2011, the first numbered company had assets of $ 1.2 million. The Trudeau brothers were also given

424-710: A confidence and supply agreement with the New Democratic Party (NDP) in early 2022, which resulted in the Canadian Dental Care Plan for residents that meet a certain income threshold and a framework for national pharmacare ; in late 2024, the NDP opted to terminate the agreement. On June 23, 1971, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) announced that Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 's wife of four months, Margaret Trudeau (née Sinclair),

530-700: A no-fault divorce which the Supreme Court of Ontario granted in 1984; his father had announced his intention to retire as prime minister a month earlier. Eventually his parents came to an amicable joint-custody arrangement and learned to get along quite well. Interviewed in October 1979, his nanny Dianne Lavergne was quoted, "Justin is a mommy's boy, so it's not easy, but children's hurts mend very quickly. And they're lucky kids, anyway." Of his mother and father's marriage, Trudeau said in 2009, "They loved each other incredibly, passionately, completely. But there

636-798: A " conservative family reunion" hosted by Preston Manning in Ottawa, BC Premier Christy Clark stated that "we support pipelines in British Columbia" (referring to liquid natural gas) but that she was not yet convinced of the benefits of the Northern Gateway scheme. Following the Kalamazoo River oil spill on Enbridge Pipeline 6B in Michigan, the BC government stated five requirements to be addressed prior to supporting any heavy oil pipeline proposal: BC premier Christy Clark in 2012 boycotted

742-474: A French-language lycée, but Trudeau's mother convinced his father of the importance of sending their sons to a public school. In the end, Trudeau was enrolled in 1976 in the French immersion program at Rockcliffe Park Public School . It was the same school his mother had attended for two years while her father was a member of Parliament. He could have been dropped off by limousine, but his parents elected he take

848-636: A break from his documentary work to be a senior advisor on Trudeau's campaign. During the leadership campaign, three by-elections were held on November 26, 2012 . The riding Calgary Centre was expected to be a three-way race between the Conservatives, Liberals and Green Party. A week before by-election day Sun Media reported on comments Trudeau had made in a 2010 interview with Télé-Québec , in which he said, "Canada isn't doing well right now because it's Albertans who control our community and socio-democratic agenda." Trudeau's campaign advisor said that

954-644: A capacity of 525,000 barrels per day (83,500 m /d). The condensate pipeline would have had a diameter of 20 inches (510 mm) with a capacity of 193,000 barrels per day (30,700 m /d). In 2008 Enbridge expected these pipelines to be completed by 2015. The project, including a marine terminal in Kitimat, was expected to cost CA$ 7.9 billion . The Kitimat terminal would have comprised two tanker berth platforms , one serving very large crude carriers and another serving Suezmax -type condensate tankers. The terminal would have included oil and condensate tanks and

1060-823: A country estate of about 50 hectares in the Laurentians with a home designed by the esteemed Canadian architect Arthur Erickson , and the Cormier House in Montreal. The country estate land was estimated to be worth $ 2.7 million in 2016. Trudeau has a bachelor of arts degree in literature from McGill University and a bachelor of education degree from the University of British Columbia . In his first year at McGill, Trudeau became acquainted with his future principal secretary , Gerald Butts , through their mutual friend, Jonathan Ablett. Butts invited Trudeau to join

1166-617: A decline in real GDP, a decline in government revenues, an increase in inflation, an increase in interest rates and further appreciation of the Canadian dollar." There has been an informal moratorium on large tanker traffic in Dixon Entrance , Hecate Strait , and the Queen Charlotte Sound since 1972. Since then, the federal and provincial governments have commissioned periodic studies to reassess whether to lift

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1272-410: A nation. Trudeau later wrote a public letter on the subject, describing the idea of Quebec nationhood as "against everything my father ever believed". Trudeau announced his support for leadership candidate Gerard Kennedy shortly before the 2006 convention and introduced Kennedy during the candidates' final speeches. When Kennedy dropped off after the second ballot, Trudeau joined him in supporting

1378-459: A national energy strategy among the Canadian premiers stating "until we see some progress in the discussions between British Columbia, Alberta and the federal government with respect to the Gateway pipeline through British Columbia, we will not be participating in the discussion of a national energy strategy." This was likely over concerns that BC would receive a $ 6.1 billion share of a project that

1484-734: A planned-but-never-built project for a twin pipeline from Bruderheim , Alberta, to Kitimat , British Columbia. The project was active from the mid-2000s to 2016. The eastbound pipeline would have imported natural gas condensate , and the westbound pipeline would have exported diluted bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands to a marine terminal in Kitimat for transportation to Asian markets via oil tankers . The project would have also included terminal facilities with "integrated marine infrastructure at tidewater to accommodate loading and unloading of oil and condensate tankers, and marine transportation of oil and condensate." The CA$ 7.9 billion project

1590-648: A potential future Prime Minister—and scrutinized through that lens". The Conservative Party won a minority government in the 2008 election, and Trudeau entered parliament as a member of the Official Opposition . Trudeau's first legislative act was a motion that called for the creation of a "national voluntary service policy for young people". He later co-chaired the Liberal Party's April 2009 national convention in Vancouver , and in October of

1696-555: A pump station. As an inter-provincial pipeline, the project required a public regulatory review process conducted by JRP. The JRP provided a joint environmental assessment and regulatory process that contributed to decision making. The first session of JRP was held on 10 January 2012, in Kitamaat Village , British Columbia. Other types of studies, such as socioeconomic assessments, were also necessary prior to project approval. Kinder Morgan Energy Partners operates

1802-777: A request with the National Energy Board to extend the sunset clause for the Northern Gateway Project. The sunset clause (NEB Condition No. 2) stipulated that construction had to begin before 31 December 2016. The planned project consisted of two parallel pipelines between an inland terminal at Bruderheim, Alberta, and a marine terminal in Kitimat, British Columbia , each with a length of 1,177 kilometres (731 mi). Crude oil produced from oil sands would have been transported from Bruderheim to Kitimat, while natural gas condensate would have moved in

1908-745: A single question on a shared-cost omnibus telephone survey, the same survey used in their political polling. Justason Market Intelligence released a poll in March 2012 that focused on the role of tankers in this pipeline proposal. The poll found 66% of B.C. residents opposed to Enbridge's proposal to transport oil through British Columbia's inside coastal waters, including 50% who registered strong disapproval. An April 2012 survey by Forum Research showed an increase in opposition among B.C. residents to 52% from 46% reported by Forum Research in January. In January, Forum polled 1,211 residents from across Canada; B.C.

2014-486: A student event at the Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf , which he attended. Following his father's death, Trudeau became more involved with the Liberal Party throughout the 2000s. Along with Olympian Charmaine Crooks , he co-hosted a tribute to outgoing prime minister Jean Chrétien at the party's 2003 leadership convention , and was appointed to chair a task force on youth renewal after the party's defeat in

2120-561: Is a Canadian politician who has been serving as the 23rd prime minister of Canada since 2015 and the leader of the Liberal Party since 2013. Trudeau was born in Ottawa , Ontario , and attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf . He graduated from McGill University in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature, then in 1998 acquired a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia . After graduating, he taught at

2226-557: Is a division between those who live in the path of potential environmental harm, and those who live away from the area. The NDP had been seen as the heavy favourites, until shortly after they clarified their pipeline policy. Aboriginal groups' main concern was that the pipeline might spill and pollute the Fraser River. Many Aboriginal groups opposed the Northern Gateway pipeline proposal, though some others signed agreements supporting it. Enbridge and some Aboriginal groups disagreed on

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2332-571: Is not ready to handle a major oil spill from a tanker, in part because its emergency response plan is out of date". In December 2010, the federal House of Commons passed a non-binding motion to ban bulk oil tanker traffic in the Dixon Entrance, Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound. In November 2015, Prime Minister Trudeau's mandate letter to the Minister of Transport directed that the moratorium be formalized. The proposed pipeline

2438-562: Is why Northern Gateway was seen not simply as a threat to the local fishery but as the possible undoing of all this intergenerational healing work. And therefore as another wave of colonial violence." The Dogwood Initiative , ForestEthics , the International League of Conservation Photographers, and Greenpeace Canada were some organizations that actively campaigned against the Enbridge pipeline proposal. The proposal

2544-416: The 2006 federal election . In October 2006, Trudeau criticized Quebec nationalism by describing political nationalism generally as an "old idea from the 19th century", "based on a smallness of thought" and not relevant to modern Quebec. This comment was seen as a criticism of Michael Ignatieff , then a candidate in the 2006 Liberal Party leadership election , who was promoting recognition of Quebec as

2650-470: The 2010 Haiti earthquake , and sought more accessible immigration procedures for Haitians moving to Canada in the time of crisis. His own riding includes a significant Haitian community. Trudeau was re-elected in Papineau in the 2011 federal election , as the Liberal Party fell to third-party standing in the House of Commons with only thirty-four seats. Ignatieff resigned as party leader immediately after

2756-574: The Aga Khan affair , and later again with the SNC-Lavalin affair . Trudeau's Liberal Party was reduced to a minority government in the 2019 federal election . His government responded to the COVID-19 pandemic , announced an "assault-style" weapons ban in response to the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks , and launched a national $ 10-a-day child care program. He was investigated for a third time by

2862-593: The Giller Prize for literature. In 2005, Trudeau fought against a proposed $ 100-million zinc mine that he argued would poison the Nahanni River , a United Nations World Heritage Site located in the Northwest Territories . He was quoted as saying, "The river is an absolutely magnificent, magical place. I'm not saying mining is wrong ... but that is not the place for it. It's just

2968-461: The House of Commons . He was the Liberal Party's Official Opposition critic for youth and multiculturalism in 2009; the following year, he became critic for citizenship and immigration. In 2011, he was appointed as a critic for secondary education and sport. In 2013, Trudeau was elected as leader of the Liberal Party, and led the party to a majority government in the 2015 federal election . Trudeau

3074-759: The Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments and establishing the federal carbon tax . In foreign policy, Trudeau's government negotiated trade deals such as the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership , and signed the Paris Agreement on climate change. He was sanctioned by Canada's ethics commissioner for violating conflict of interest rules regarding

3180-461: The school bus albeit with a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) car following. This was followed by one year at the private Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa . After his father's retirement in June 1984, his mother remained at her New Edinburgh home while the rest of the family moved into his father's home at 1418 Pine Avenue, Montreal known as Cormier House ; the following autumn, he began attending

3286-402: The secondary school level in Vancouver , before relocating back to Montreal in 2002 to further his studies. He was chair for the youth charity Katimavik and director of the not-for-profit Canadian Avalanche Association . In 2006, he was appointed as chair of the Liberal Party's Task Force on Youth Renewal. In the 2008 federal election , he was elected to represent the riding of Papineau in

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3392-673: The terms of reference for the environmental and regulatory review of the Northern Gateway Pipelines. Enbridge Northern Gateway submitted its project application to the National Energy Board on 27 May 2010. The eight-volume regulatory application was assessed by a Joint Review Panel (JRP) established by the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA) and the National Energy Board (NEB). On 19 January 2011,

3498-517: The École Polytechnique de Montréal , affiliated with Université de Montréal , but did not graduate. He started a master's degree in environmental geography at McGill but withdrew from the program to seek public office. In August 2000, Trudeau attended the Kokanee Summit in Creston, British Columbia , to raise funds in honour of his brother Michel Trudeau and other avalanche victims. After

3604-685: The 1,150-kilometre-long (710 mi) Trans Mountain Pipeline System from Edmonton , Alberta, to terminals and refineries in central British Columbia, the Vancouver area and the Puget Sound region in Washington . In 2012 the company wanted to increase the pipeline's capacity by twelve times, up to 600,000 barrels per day (95,000 m /d). According to Kinder Morgan , expanding the existing pipeline would have been cheaper than Northern Gateway and avoided opposition as experienced by

3710-532: The Bernard family, kinsmen of the Earls of Bandon , Trudeau is the fifth great-grandson of Major-General William Farquhar , a leader in the founding of modern Singapore ; Trudeau also has remote ethnic Malaccan and Nias ancestry. Trudeau was baptized with his father's niece Anne Rouleau-Danis as godmother and his mother's brother-in-law Thomas Walker as godfather, at Ottawa's Notre Dame Basilica on

3816-401: The Canadian economy. Allan stated in the report that the project's success depended on continual yearly oil price increases, by about $ 3/barrel. She also stated that an increase in oil prices would have led to "a decrease in family purchasing power, higher prices for industries who use oil as an input into their production process, higher rates of unemployment in non-oil industry related sectors,

3922-517: The Cure, but was having difficulty finding a Conservative opponent until Conservative senator Patrick Brazeau agreed when asked on Trudeau's behalf by their mutual hairdresser Stefania Capovilla. The fight took place on March 31, 2012, at the Hampton Inn in Ottawa, and it was broadcast live on Sun News with commentary by Ezra Levant and Brian Lilley . Trudeau won in the third round; the result

4028-480: The Enbridge proposal. In their B.C.-wide telephone survey sponsored by Kennedy Stewart (New Democrat MP), opposition had grown to 42%, from 32% in an Ipsos-Reid online survey sponsored by Enbridge in December 2011. However, because their methodologies and context differed, the reported growth in opposition was difficult to substantiate. Ipsos-Reid conducted an online custom survey for Enbridge. Mustel Group included

4134-575: The Enbridge's project. As an alternative, some indigenous groups proposed Eagle Spirit Pipeline from northern Alberta to the Prince Rupert area on the BC coasts. Many indigenous people wanted the economic activity from construction and operation of pipelines to improve conditions of their members. Another project to export crude oil from western Canada was the XL expansion of TransCanada 's Keystone pipeline . which supplies heavy oil to refineries on

4240-561: The Gitxsan hereditary chiefs, in exchange for $ 7 million. However, this deal was quickly overturned following the closure of the Gitxsan Treaty Society Office by opponents of the deal. The Enbridge deal was subsequently rejected in writing by 45 Gitxsan chiefs, who claimed that the office had misrepresented the Gitxsan people. Only one chief in BC publicly supported the proposed pipeline, Chief Elmer Derrick. Derrick

4346-738: The Heiltsuk Nation in April 2012 for hearings into the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline proposal. "By some counts, a third of Bella Bella's 1,095 residents were on the street that day, one of the largest demonstrations in the community's history." Facing non-violent protest as part of the greeting at the airport, the JRP members suspended the hearings for a day and a half. While the hearings did resume, substantial time had been lost, meaning fewer people could present to

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4452-441: The JRP requested that Enbridge provide additional information on the design and risk assessment of the pipelines due to the difficult access and unique geographic location of the proposed project. On 17 June 2014 the Canadian government accepted the project's proposal. It set out 209 conditions, identified in 2013 by a Joint Review Panel, to be resolved during the next phase of the regulatory process. On 6 May 2016, Enbridge filed

4558-420: The JRP than had planned. "As the young people of the community explained when they finally got the chance, their health and identity were inextricably bound up in their ability to follow in the footsteps of their forebears - fishing and paddling in the same waters, collecting kelp in the same tidal zones in the outer coastal islands, hunting in the same forests, and collecting medicines in the same meadows. Which

4664-636: The Kokanee Glacier Alpine Campaign for winter sports safety in 2000, two years after his brother Michel died in an avalanche during a ski trip. In 2002, Trudeau criticized the Government of British Columbia's decision to stop its funding for a public avalanche warning system. From 2002 to 2006, Trudeau chaired the Katimavik youth program, a project started by longtime family friend Jacques Hébert . In 2002–03, Trudeau

4770-718: The McGill Debating Union. They bonded while driving back to Montreal after a debate tournament at Princeton University . After graduation, Trudeau stayed in Vancouver where he became a substitute teacher at local schools such as Killarney Secondary and worked permanently as a French and math teacher at the private West Point Grey Academy . He became a roommate at the Douglas Lodge with fellow West Point Grey Academy faculty member and friend Christopher Ingvaldson. From 2002 to 2004, he studied engineering at

4876-730: The Morice river is Wet-zuhn-kwa. The Coastal Gaslink company reported two spills of clay lubricant while tunneling on April 12 2023, one on land and the other in a small tributary west of the Morice River. Coastal Gaslink later said in an email that the size of the spills and what caused them were still being investigated, and that the clay was non-toxic with no expected impact on fish or waterways. 54°24′38″N 126°44′47″W  /  54.4106°N 126.7464°W  / 54.4106; -126.7464 Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines The Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines were

4982-735: The US Gulf Coast. And the Energy East pipeline would have transported oil to refineries in Montreal and the Atlantic provinces, which now import oil from the Bakken formation in Montana and North Dakota by railway, as well as from overseas by ship. However, project proponent TC Energy cancelled the pipeline in the face of political objections and concerns over economic viability. BC NDP leader Adrian Dix promised to pull B.C. out of

5088-493: The Union of BC Municipalities, environmentalists and oil sands opponents, among others, denounced the project because of the environmental, economic, social and cultural risks posed by the pipeline. Proponents argued that the pipeline would have provided Indigenous communities with equity ownership, employment, community trust and stewardship programs. The Federal Court of Appeal ultimately ruled that consultation with First Nations

5194-462: The West Coast of British Columbia should be maintained for the time being" In 2009, the Canadian government's position was that there is no moratorium on tanker traffic in the coast waters of British Columbia. However, on 7 December 2010, Canada's environmental watchdog (Scott Vaughan, commissioner of the environment and sustainable development) in a damning report stated "Canada's government

5300-614: The afternoon of January 16, 1972, which marked his first public appearance. and given the names "Justin Pierre James". On April 14, 1972, Trudeau's father and mother hosted a gala at the National Arts Centre , at which visiting U.S. president Richard Nixon said, "I'd like to toast the future prime minister of Canada , to Justin Pierre Trudeau" to which Pierre Trudeau responded that should his son ever assume

5406-500: The comments were being brought up now because of the close race in Calgary Centre. The following day, Trudeau apologized, saying he was wrong to use "Alberta" as " shorthand " in referring to Stephen Harper's government. The Conservatives held onto Calgary Centre in the by-election by less than 1,200 votes. Liberal candidate Harvey Locke said he lost the by-election on his own and that comments made by Trudeau did not influence

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5512-441: The company to investigate the unique risks and liabilities associated with the project. Multiple public opinion surveys, sponsored by Enbridge, Ethical Oil and other oil interests, were conducted on the Northern Gateway pipeline. An Abacus Data survey released in January 2012 for Sun Media found that 38% of Canadians were in support of building the pipeline, while 29% were opposed. Another 33% said they neither support nor oppose

5618-530: The cost benefit analysis indicates that, taking into account all benefits and costs, including cost expectations from oil spills, there is a large and robust net social benefit associated with the project from a national Canadian perspective." A report put forth by economist and former Insurance Corporation of BC CEO, Robyn Allan , in early 2012, took assumptions of Wright Mansell Research Ltd's analysis into question – stating that this proposed pipeline could have actually hurt non-oil based sectors of

5724-531: The courts. The Morice River is also crossed by the approved Coastal GasLink Pipeline which will carry natural gas. Some hereditary chiefs of the Wetʼsuwetʼen oppose the pipeline on the grounds that it will disrupt salmon populations and decrease water quality. The crossing of the Morice is planned to be accomplished by trenchless crossing, though crossing of tributaries are not using this method, leading to concern of increased turbidity. The Wet'suwet'en name for

5830-588: The days following his victory in the leadership race, snapshot polls recorded a surge in support for the Liberal party. In 2013, Trudeau chose to give up his seat at the funeral of Nelson Mandela , in deference to Irwin Cotler as representative of the Liberal Party of Canada , because of Cotler's work for and with Nelson Mandela in fighting apartheid . During the leadership campaign, Trudeau pledged to park all his assets, exclusive of real estate holdings, into

5936-401: The election, and rumours again circulated that Trudeau could run to become his successor. On this occasion, Trudeau said, "I don't feel I should be closing off any options ... because of the history packaged into my name, a lot of people are turning to me in a way that ... to be blunt, concerns me." Weeks after the election, Toronto MP Bob Rae was selected as the interim leader until

6042-414: The ethics commissioner for his part in the WE Charity scandal , but was cleared of wrongdoing. In the 2021 federal election , he led the Liberals to another minority government. In 2022, he invoked the Emergencies Act in response to the Freedom Convoy protests and responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing military aid to Ukraine . His party signed

6148-463: The event have been described as hypocritical, while responses to the story have been described as a witch hunt or non-story. In October 2000, Trudeau, then 28, emerged as a prominent figure after delivering a eulogy at his father's state funeral . The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) received numerous calls to rebroadcast the speech after its initial transmission, and leading Quebec politician Claude Ryan described it as "perhaps ...

6254-518: The event, an unsigned editorial in the Creston Valley Advance (a local newspaper) accused Trudeau of having groped an unnamed female reporter while at the music festival. The editorial stated Trudeau provided a "day-late" apology to the reporter, saying, "If I had known you were reporting for a national paper, I never would have been so forward". In 2018, Trudeau was questioned about the groping incident but said he did not remember any negative incidents from that time. His apology and later statement about

6360-465: The extent of this support and opposition. Several coalitions and alliances produced formal declarations unequivocally rejecting the intrusion of an oil pipeline on aboriginal lands. These included Yinka Dene Alliance , Heiltsuk Nation , Coastal First Nations, and Save the Fraser. The Wet'suwet'en First Nation opposed the pipeline, as well as many Dakelh First Nations including the Saik'uz First Nation . The Joint Review Panel travelled to

6466-678: The federal review process if he was elected in the spring of 2013 (which he was not), while also hiring prominent constitutional lawyer Murray Rankin to consider a legal challenge on who had jurisdiction over pipelines. Rankin argued that British Columbia should withdraw from the federal government's pipelines review process and set up a made-in-B.C. environmental assessment. In an August 2012 NDP press conference Rankin argued that "a made-in-B.C. review would ensure that B.C.'s economic, social and environmental interests are fully addressed, that B.C.'s powers and responsibilities are properly exercised and that First Nations' interests are recognized within

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6572-408: The first manifestation of a dynasty". A book issued by the CBC in 2003 included the speech in its list of significant Canadian events from the past fifty years. In 2007, Trudeau starred in the two-part CBC Television miniseries The Great War , which gave an account of Canada's participation in the First World War. He portrayed his fifth cousin, twice removed, Major Talbot Mercer Papineau , who

6678-402: The last challenger, receiving significant press time, more Liberal politicians and public figures declared themselves for Trudeau. Trudeau was declared the winner of the leadership election on April 14, 2013, garnering 80.1% of 30,800 votes. Joyce Murray finished in second place with 10.2%, ahead of Martha Hall Findlay's 5.7%. Trudeau had lost only five ridings, all to Murray and all in BC. In

6784-435: The leadership and would announce his final decision at the end of the summer. On September 26, 2012, multiple media outlets started reporting that Trudeau would launch his leadership bid the following week. While Trudeau was seen as a frontrunner for the leadership of the Liberal Party, he was criticized for his perceived lack of substance. During his time as a member of Parliament, he spoke little on policy matters and it

6890-503: The leadership of the Liberal Party. The core people on his campaign team were considered longtime friends, and all in their 30s and 40s. His senior advisor was Gerald Butts, the former president of WWF-Canada who had previously been principal secretary to former Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty . Other senior aides included campaign manager Katie Telford , and policy advisors Mike McNeir and Robert Asselin , who had all worked for recent Liberal Party leaders. His brother Alexandre also took

6996-449: The nearby riding of Papineau for the next general election. The riding, which had been held for 26 years by André Ouellet , a senior minister under his father, had been in Liberal hands for 53 years before falling to the Bloc Québécois in 2006. On April 29, 2007, Trudeau won the Liberal party's nomination, picking up 690 votes to 350 for Deros and 220 for Giordano against Mary Deros , a Montreal city councillor and Basilio Giordano ,

7102-410: The new process". In response Dix said "Within a week of taking office, we will serve the federal government with 30 days' notice to terminate the 2010 deal in which the Liberals signed away B.C.'s interests." This policy was blamed for the poor election result for the NDP in 2013. The NDP won nearly every coastal riding in the 2013 British Columbia general election - so it could be argued that there

7208-416: The opposite direction. Condensate would have been used as a diluent in oil refining to decrease the viscosity of heavy crude oil from oil sands, and to make it easier to transport by pipelines. About 520 kilometres (320 mi) of pipeline would have run in Alberta and 657 kilometres (408 mi) in British Columbia . The crude oil pipeline would have had a diameter of 36 inches (910 mm) and

7314-540: The outcome. Fellow leadership candidate Marc Garneau , seen as Trudeau's main challenger in the race, criticized Trudeau for not releasing enough substantial policy positions. Garneau called on him to release more detailed policies before members and supporters begin to vote. Garneau later challenged Trudeau to a one-on-one debate, and said that if Trudeau could not defend his ideas in a debate against him, he wouldn't be able to do so against Prime Minister Harper. Trudeau clashed in debates with challenger Joyce Murray , who

7420-410: The party's leadership convention, which was later decided to be held in April 2013. Rae appointed Trudeau as the party's critic for post-secondary education, youth and amateur sport. After his re-election, he travelled the country hosting fundraisers for charities and the Liberal Party. Trudeau wanted to take part in a charity boxing match on behalf of the cancer research fundraising event Fight for

7526-415: The pipeline. Another survey conducted by Forum Research in mid-January 2012 found that the share of Canadians who opposed the pipeline had fallen to 43%, from 51% in a December survey. Support for the project remained stable (at 37%, up within margin of error from 35%). 20% were undecided (up from 15% in December). In British Columbia, a March 2012 survey by Mustel Group reported increased opposition to

7632-613: The private Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf , his father's alma mater. The school had begun as a Jesuit school but was non-denominational by the time Justin matriculated. In 2008, Trudeau said that of all his early family outings he enjoyed camping with his father the most, because "that was where our father got to be just our father – a dad in the woods". During the summers his father would send him and his brothers to Camp Ahmek, on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park , where he would later work in his first paid job as

7738-475: The project, concluded that the project "would be a catalyst for the generation of substantial and widely distributed economic stimulus for Canada and a significant contributor to sustaining Canadian growth and prosperity for many years into the future. While the benefits of greater flexibility, adaptability and opportunity for the Canadian petroleum sector, through market expansion and diversification, have not been quantified, they are also real and important. Further,

7844-490: The project. Upon taking office in 2015, Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau banned oil tanker traffic on the north coast of British Columbia, effectively killing the project. On 29 November 2016 Trudeau officially rejected plans for the pipelines. The project was proposed in the mid-2000s and was postponed several times. It was announced in 2006. Enbridge signed a cooperation agreement with PetroChina in 2005 to ensure

7950-429: The proposed project's construction labour force to be aboriginal. In 2012, without naming individual bands, Enbridge said that 70% of the affected First Nations had signed onto the deal. However, no band whose land was being directly traversed by the pipeline had signed on. Enbridge offerings were expected to create more division amongst first nations, as was the case with Enbridge's announcement in 2011 of support by

8056-441: The publisher of a local Italian-language newspaper. Prime Minister Stephen Harper called an election for October 14, 2008 , by which time Trudeau had been campaigning for a year in Papineau. On election day, Trudeau narrowly defeated Bloc Québécois incumbent Vivian Barbot . Following his election win, Edward Greenspon , editor-in-chief of The Globe and Mail , noted that Trudeau would "be viewed as few other rookie MPs are—as

8162-553: The repairs were not complete, so Pierre Trudeau took a prolonged vacation with his sons to the Nova Scotia summer home of his friend, Member of Parliament Don Johnston , and later sent his sons to stay with their maternal grandparents in North Vancouver for the rest of the summer while he slept at his friend's Ottawa apartment. Trudeau and his brothers returned to Ottawa for the start of the school year but lived only on

8268-427: The role, he hoped he would have "the grace and skill of the president". Earlier that day, first lady Pat Nixon had visited him in his nursery and gifted him a stuffed toy Snoopy . Trudeau's parents announced their separation in 1977, when he was five years old; his father was given primary custody. There were repeated rumours of a reconciliation for many years afterwards. However his mother eventually filed for

8374-593: The same year he was appointed as the party's critic for multiculturalism and youth. In September 2010, he was reassigned as critic for youth, citizenship, and immigration. During that time, he criticized the government's legislation targeting human smuggling, which he argued would penalize the victims of smuggling. Trudeau sparked controversy when it was revealed that he earned $ 1.3 million in public speaking fees from charities and school boards across Canada, $ 277,000 of which Trudeau received after becoming an MP. He encouraged an increase of Canada's relief efforts after

8480-672: The tanker moratorium. Each study has concluded that the risk of tanker spills is too high. In 2003–2004, the federal government initiated a three-part review process, including a scientific review by the Royal Society of Canada (the RSC report ), a First Nations engagement process (the Brooks Report ), and a public review process (the Priddle Panel ). The RSC report concluded that "the present restriction on tanker traffic along

8586-514: The third and fourth. Trudeau is predominantly of Scottish and French Canadian descent. His grandfathers were businessman Charles-Émile Trudeau and Scottish-born James Sinclair , who was minister of fisheries in the cabinet of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent . Trudeau's maternal great-grandfather Thomas Bernard was born in Makassar , Indonesia and immigrated to Penticton, British Columbia , in 1906 at age 15 with his family. Through

8692-621: The top floor of Stornoway while repairs continued on the bottom floor. His mother purchased and moved into a new home nearby at 95 Victoria Street in Ottawa's New Edinburgh neighbourhood in September 1979. Pierre Trudeau and his sons returned to the prime minister's official residence after the February 1980 election that returned him to the Prime Minister's Office. His father had intended Trudeau to begin his formal education at

8798-420: The ultimate winner, Stéphane Dion . Rumours circulated in early 2007 that Trudeau would run in an upcoming by-election in the Montreal riding of Outremont . The Montreal newspaper La Presse reported despite Trudeau's keenness, Liberal leader Stéphane Dion wanted Outremont for a star candidate who could help rebuild the Liberal Party. Instead, Trudeau announced that he would seek the Liberal nomination in

8904-488: The utilization of pipeline capacity. PetroChina agreed to buy about 200,000 barrels per day (32,000 m /d) transported through the pipeline. In 2007, however, PetroChina withdrew from the projects because of delays in starting the project. On 4 December 2009, Canada's National Energy Board (NEB) and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA) issued the Joint Review Panel Agreement and

9010-482: The week before the 2014 Liberal party convention titled "An economy that benefits us all" in which he narrates his economic platform. He said that Canada's debt to GDP ratios have come down in recent years and now it's time for Ottawa to "step up". On October 19, 2015, after the longest official campaign in over a century, Trudeau led the Liberals to a decisive victory in the federal election . The Liberals won 184 of

9116-464: The wrong thing to be doing." On September 17, 2006, Trudeau was the master of ceremonies at a Toronto rally organized by Roméo Dallaire that called for Canadian participation in resolving the Darfur crisis . Trudeau supported the Liberal Party from a young age, offering his support to party leader John Turner in the 1988 federal election . Two years later, he defended Canadian federalism at

9222-433: Was 30 years between them, and my mom never was an equal partner in what encompassed my father's life, his duty, his country." Trudeau has three half-siblings, Kyle and Alicia, from his mother's remarriage to Fried Kemper, and Sarah, from his father's relationship with Deborah Coyne . Trudeau lived at 24 Sussex Drive , Ottawa , the official residence of Canada's prime minister, from his birth until his father's government

9328-522: Was a panelist on CBC Radio 's Canada Reads series, where he championed The Colony of Unrequited Dreams by Wayne Johnston . Trudeau and his brother Alexandre inaugurated the Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Toronto in April 2004; the centre later became a part of the Munk School of Global Affairs . In 2006, he hosted the presentation ceremony for

9434-471: Was a smaller subsample of that national poll. In April, Forum polled 1,069 British Columbians. The B.C. sample size for the January poll was not provided. The issue of the pipeline was a subject of controversy between the governments of Alberta and British Columbia, starting in 2011 when the Alberta government under Premier Alison Redford began pressuring BC to support the pipeline. In an 8 March speech to

9540-411: Was again seen as a potential candidate to lead the party. Following the election, Trudeau said he was undecided about seeking the leadership; months later on October 12 at Wilfrid Laurier University , he announced he would not seek the post because he had a young family. When interim leader Bob Rae , who was also seen as a frontrunner, announced he would not be entering the race in June 2012, Trudeau

9646-469: Was also opposed by numerous non-governmental organizations, which cite previous spills, concerns over oil sands expansion, and associated risks in transportation. In June 2014 the Northern Gateway pipeline project was approved by the federal government, subject to 209 conditions. In 2015 the CBC questioned the silence concerning the Northern Gateway project and suggested that Enbridge might have quietly shelved

9752-414: Was considered an upset. After Dion's resignation as Liberal leader in 2008, Trudeau's name was mentioned as a potential candidate with polls showing him as a favourite among Canadians for the position. However, Trudeau did not enter the race and Michael Ignatieff was named leader in December 2008. After the party's poor showing in the 2011 election, Ignatieff resigned from the leadership and Trudeau

9858-484: Was criticized by several entities, including government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the BC NDP and independent sources, citing Enbridge's spotty history with pipeline installation, non-conformance to government regulations and numerous spills. The Pembina Institute published a report in 2010 saying that the pipeline would have adverse impacts on land, air, and water. Some of Enbridge's shareholders asked

9964-538: Was defeated in the 1979 federal election . The Trudeaus were expected to move into Stornoway , the residence of the leader of the Official Opposition , but because of flooding in the basement, Prime Minister Joe Clark offered them Harrington Lake , the prime minister's official country retreat in Gatineau Park , with the expectation they would move into Stornoway at the start of July. However,

10070-590: Was expected to earn $ 81 billion in government revenues over 30 years, while footing a majority of the risk. In July 2012 Clark said no to the proposed pipeline, unless Alberta entered negotiations with BC on revenue sharing. "If Alberta is not willing to even sit down and talk, then it stops here," she said. This is in response to the disproportionate risk that BC would have to take on with this pipeline. Justin Trudeau Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971)

10176-418: Was first proposed in the mid-2000s but was postponed several times. The project plan was developed by Enbridge Inc., a Canadian crude oil and liquids pipeline and storage company. When completed, the pipeline and terminal would have provided 104 permanent operating positions created within the company and 113 positions with the associated marine services. First Nations groups, many municipalities, including

10282-506: Was hit with a "tsunami" of calls from supporters to reconsider his earlier decision to not seek the leadership. Opinion polling conducted by several pollsters showed that if Trudeau were to become leader the Liberal Party would surge in support, from a distant third place to either being competitive with the Conservative Party or leading them. In July 2012, Trudeau stated that he would reconsider his earlier decision to not seek

10388-608: Was inadequate and overturned the approval. The proposal was heavily criticized by Indigenous peoples. Groups like the Yinka Dene Alliance organized to campaign against the project. In December 2010, 66 First Nations bands in British Columbia, including many along the proposed pipeline route, signed the Save the Fraser Declaration in opposition to the project, and 40 more signed since that time. The proposal

10494-453: Was killed on October 30, 1917, during the Battle of Passchendaele . Trudeau is one of several children of former prime ministers who have become Canadian media personalities. The others are Ben Mulroney (son of Brian Mulroney ), Catherine Clark (daughter of Joe Clark), and Trudeau's younger brother, Alexandre. Ben Mulroney was a guest at Trudeau's wedding. Trudeau and his family started

10600-437: Was not known where he stood on many issues such as the economy and foreign affairs. Some strategists and pundits believed the leadership would be the time for Trudeau to be tested on these issues; however, there was also fear within the party that his celebrity status and large lead might deter other strong candidates from entering the leadership race. On October 2, 2012, Trudeau held a rally in Montreal to launch his bid for

10706-525: Was opposed by Indigenous groups. Groups like the Yinka Dene Alliance were organized to campaign against the project. First Nations bands in British Columbia, including many along the proposed pipeline route, signed the Save-the-Fraser Declaration in opposition to the project. The Save-the-Fraser Declaration was signed by numerous indigenous tribes, declaring opposition to oil pipelines through First Nation traditional territories. It

10812-548: Was pregnant and due in December. Justin Trudeau was born on December 25, 1971, at 9:27 pm EST at the Ottawa Civic Hospital . He is the second child in Canadian history to be born to a prime minister in office; the first was John A. Macdonald 's daughter Margaret Mary Theodora Macdonald (February 8, 1869 – January 28, 1933). Trudeau's younger brothers Alexandre (Sacha) (born December 25, 1973) and Michel (October 2, 1975 – November 13, 1998) were

10918-453: Was signed by more than 130 First Nations. In 2013 Enbridge offered a 10% equity stake in the $ 5.5 billion proposed project, over the following 30 years, to participating aboriginal groups. As well, Enbridge said it would put one per cent of Northern Gateway's pre-tax earnings into a trust, which was expected to generate $ 100 million over 30 years for non-Aboriginal as well as Aboriginal groups. The company said it expected roughly 15 per cent of

11024-883: Was the chief negotiator for the Gitxsan Treaty Society before its closure in 2011. Derrick was later dismissed as chief negotiator for the GTS. Several First Nations (including the Haisla, Gitga'at, Haida, Gitxaala, Wet'suwet'en, Nadleh Whut'en, Nak'azdli, and Takla Lake) publicly stated (via the Joint Review Panel or in the media) that neither the Crown nor the established assessment process for Enbridge's project had adequately met their duty to consult and accommodate, or respect their Aboriginal rights and title. Wright Mansell Research Ltd, in their analysis of

11130-417: Was the only Liberal leadership candidate to speak out strongly in favour of electing the House of Commons with a system of proportional representation . She challenged Trudeau over his support for a preferential ballot voting system. On March 13, 2013, Garneau dropped out of the leadership race, saying that polling conducted by his campaign showed he would be unable to defeat Trudeau. With Joyce Murray,

11236-589: Was the second-youngest prime minister in Canadian history when he took office and the first to be the child of a previous holder of the post, as the eldest son of Pierre Trudeau . Major government initiatives he undertook during his first term included establishing the Canada Child Benefit , legalizing medical assistance in dying , legalizing recreational marijuana through the Cannabis Act ; attempting Senate appointment reform by establishing

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