37-461: Myrtle Rebecca Smith Gray Nolan ( née Douglas; June 20, 1904 – November 30, 1964), known to science fiction history as Morojo or sometimes Myrtle R Douglas , was a science fiction fan , fanzine publisher, and cosplay pioneer from Los Angeles. Morojo, along with Forrest J Ackerman , was heavily involved in the production of Voice of the Imagi-Nation (which in 1996 would be awarded
74-399: A specific individual human. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning as well) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun . Other nouns are sometimes called " common names " or ( obsolete ) " general names ". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or
111-475: A wide variety of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in India. This variety makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences , several names across South and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words. For some Indians, their birth name is different from their official name;
148-442: A woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote a man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but
185-519: A naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures it is common for one syllable in a two-syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a grandfather. In certain African cultures, such as in Cameroon,
222-409: A person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote
259-597: A scientist can give an element a name. The word name comes from Old English nama ; cognate with Old High German (OHG) namo , Sanskrit नामन् ( nāman ), Latin nomen , Greek ὄνομα ( onoma ), and Persian نام ( nâm ), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥ . Outside Indo-European, it can be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime . A naming convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things. Parents may follow
296-476: Is matronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one's mother. In some East Asian cultures , it is traditional for given names to include a generation name , a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation. Middle names are also used by many people as a third identifier, and can be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a popular practice in
333-407: Is an identifying word or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated. In many countries, it is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (also called a given name or first name) and a surname (also called a last name or family name because it is shared by members of the same family). Some people have two surnames, one inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and
370-466: Is an instance of a city ). From a historical perspective, the term Named Entity was coined during the MUC-6 evaluation campaign and contained ENAMEX (entity name expressions e.g. persons, locations and organizations) and NUMEX (numerical expression). A more formal definition can be derived from the rigid designator by Saul Kripke . In the expression "Named Entity", the word "Named" aims to restrict
407-493: Is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to. In information extraction , a named entity is a real-world object , such as a person, location, organization, product, etc., that can be denoted with a proper name . It can be abstract or have a physical existence. Examples of named entities include Barack Obama , New York City , Volkswagen Golf , or anything else that can be named. Named entities can simply be viewed as entity instances (e.g., New York City
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#1732797569373444-403: Is not a named entity since it can be used to refer to many different objects in different worlds (in different presidential periods referring to different persons, or even in different countries or organizations referring to different people). Rigid designators usually include proper names as well as certain natural terms like biological species and substances. There is also a general agreement in
481-475: Is often a neologism or pseudoword , such as Kodak or Sony . In the ancient world, particularly in the ancient near-east ( Israel , Mesopotamia , Egypt , Persia ) names were thought to be extremely powerful and act, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity. This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as
518-417: Is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition , the term z domu (literally meaning "of
555-613: The Denvention (3rd WorldCon) she wore a frog-faced mask devised for her by a young costume maker named Ray Harryhausen . In 2016, the International Costumers' Guild (ICG) recognized Morojo as the “Mother of Convention Costuming” with a video award presentation at MidAmeriCon II, the 74th Worldcon . Douglas was born June 20, 1904, in Phoenix, Arizona to Robert Douglas and Lillie Dell (Kilpatrick) Schutz. She
592-609: The Retro Hugo for Best Fanzine of 1946 ; and has also been nominated for the 1939, 1941 and 1943 Best Fanzine Retro Hugos) and Novacious (nominated for the 1941 Retro Hugo), as well as Jack Speer 's Fancyclopedia . She contributed to fanzines by Ackerman and others, and published her own fanzine Guteto from 1941 until 1958 for the Fantasy Amateur Press Association (of which she was a founding member). Her niece and fellow fan, Patti Gray, known by
629-519: The pulp magazine artwork of Frank R. Paul and the 1936 film Things to Come , which were designed, created and sewn by Douglas. Ackerman later stated that he thought everyone was supposed to wear a costume at a science fiction convention, although only he and Douglas did. (At the convention she also distributed copies of her own fanzine Stephan the STFan , created especially for the Nycon.) Fans liked
666-536: The surname , the given name , or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become the person's legal name . The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of
703-480: The Americas, the given name typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes before the given name. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to take her husband's surname when she gets married. A common practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one's father. A less common practice in countries
740-674: The Esperanto movement), and the name by which she was known in fandom is a variation of her initials as spelled out in Esperanto, plus Ackerman's middle initial "J". She and Ackerman broke up in the early 1940s (originally over her continuing to smoke, though that spat was quickly settled) and remained estranged until her death. Together with then-boyfriend Ackerman, she attended the 1939 1st World Science Fiction Convention (Nycon or 1st Worldcon ) in New York City dressed in "futuristicostumes", including green cape and breeches, based on
777-498: The Esperanto nickname of "Pogo", in 1940 edited what is credited as "what appears to be the first all-female zine (or femmefan zine), Pogo's STF-ETTE ", whose contributors included Morojo and (in its second issue) Leigh Brackett . Morojo served as treasurer and in other roles for the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society for many years. Like Ackerman, Morojo was an avid Esperantist (they met through
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#1732797569373814-596: The United States), and to perpetuate family names. The practice of using middle names dates back to ancient Rome, where it was common for members of the elite to have a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family name, not exactly used the way middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual attribute or the specific branch of a person's family). Middle names eventually fell out of use, but regained popularity in Europe during
851-569: The birth name starts with a randomly selected name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's birth). Many children are given three names, sometimes as a part of religious teaching. We can see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are
888-750: The car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum , after the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation. Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty. Many numbers (e.g., bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Space Shuttle flight numbers , even phone numbers all have an internal convention. A personal name
925-460: The child of their father. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David , son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this style of name is still used in Jewish religious rites. Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions , which vary from region to region. Names are also influenced by religion and caste and may come from epics . India 's population speaks
962-424: The common understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] name". By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus ). This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for example
999-523: The concept, and the 2nd Worldcon , in Chicago in 1940, had both an unofficial masquerade held in Morojo's room and an official masquerade as part of the program, with participants (besides Ackerman and Morojo, who performed a brief skit in the costumes they had premiered the year before) including E. E. Smith , Cyril M. Kornbluth , Jack Speer , Wilson Tucker , Robert Lowndes and David Kyle . In 1941, at
1036-471: The course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace , and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without war . Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph also said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father's family." Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known as
1073-402: The eldest son gets the family name for his given name. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the place of birth. Major naming conventions include: Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette . Sometimes there is a name for
1110-460: The house", de domo in Latin ) may be used, with rare exceptions, meaning the same as née . Name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent . A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely,
1147-678: The institution of the Abrahamic covenant ( Genesis 17 :4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven . This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which according to Roman Catholic teaching was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions. Proper names are "saturated with meaning". Throughout the Bible , characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or describe
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1184-645: The nineteenth century. Besides first, middle, and last names, individuals may also have nicknames , aliases , or titles . Nicknames are informal names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used as a short form of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may choose to use an alias, or a fake name, instead of their real name, possibly to protect or obscure their identity. People may also have titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of royal families may use various terms such as king , Queen , duke , or duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to
1221-588: The possible set of entities to only those for which one or many rigid designators stands for the referent. A designator is rigid when it designates the same thing in every possible world. On the contrary, flaccid designators may designate different things in different possible worlds. As an example, consider the sentence, "Biden is the president of the United States". Both "Biden" and the "United States" are named entities since they refer to specific objects ( Joe Biden and United States ). However, "president"
1258-557: The same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the same. There are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such as Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc. The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins and green-rumped parrotlets also use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will respond even when there
1295-547: The stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern command which will drive the demon away. In the Old Testament , the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed " Abraham " and " Sarah " at
1332-401: The throne). In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name), while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name). Developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name
1369-476: Was married three times: to Virgil Van Buren Smith, Henry Willis Gray, and, lastly, to John Arthur Nolan. She had a son, Virgil Roger Douglas ( né Smith). She died November 30, 1964, aged 60, in Patton, California , from undisclosed causes, and was buried at Twentynine Palms Cemetery. Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to
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