Mormo ( Greek : Μορμώ , Mormō ) was a female spirit in Greek folklore , whose name was invoked by mothers and nurses to frighten children to keep them from misbehaving.
37-466: The term mormolyce / m ɔːr ˈ m ɒ l ɪ ˌ s iː / ( μορμολύκη ; pl. mormolykeia μορμολύκεια ), also spelt mormolyceum / m ɔːr ˌ m ɒ l ɪ ˈ s iː ə m / ( μορμολυκεῖον mormolukeîon ), is considered equivalent. The name mormo has the plural form mormones which means "fearful ones" or "hideous one(s)", and is related to an array of words that signify "fright". The variant mormolyce translates to "terrible wolves", with
74-465: A cold oven". Grief for his mother and anger at his father drove Lycophron to take refuge in Corcyra . When Periander was much older and looking to have his successor at his side, he sent for Lycophron. When the people of Corcyra heard of this, they killed Lycophron rather than let him depart. The death of his son caused Periander to fall into a despondency that eventually led to his death. Periander
111-491: A concrete mole (length approximately 930 metres, width 100 metres, mole surface 93,000 m2). A new pier finished in the late 1980s doubled the capacity of the port. The reinforced mole protects anchored vessels from strong northern winds. Within the port operates a customs office facility and a Hellenic Coast Guard post. Sea traffic is limited to trade in the export of local produce, mainly citrus fruits, grapes, marble, aggregates and some domestic imports. The port operates as
148-573: A contingency facility for general cargo ships, bulk carriers and ROROs , in case of strikes at Piraeus port. There was formerly a ferry link to Catania , Sicily and Genoa in Italy . The Corinth Canal, carrying ship traffic between the western Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea , is about 4 km (2.5 mi) east of the city, cutting through the Isthmus of Corinth that connects
185-589: A female specter, phantom, or ghost by modern commentators. A mormolyce is one of several names given to the female phasma (phantom) in Philostratus 's Life of Apollonius of Tyana . Mormo is glossed as equivalent to Lamia and mormolykeion , considered to be frightening beings, in the Suda , a lexicon of the Byzantine Periods. Mombro ( Μομβρώ ) or Mormo are a bugbear ( φόβητρον phóbētron ),
222-533: A larger number in pursuit of the four. Having taken these measures, he himself encountered the first pair and was slain." Periander was said to be a patron of literature, who both wrote and appreciated early philosophy. He is said to have written a didactic poem 2,000 lines long. In the Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers , Diogenes Laërtius points out that writers disagree on who the Seven Sages are. It
259-584: A municipality in Corinthia in Greece . The successor to the ancient city of Corinth , it is a former municipality in Corinthia , Peloponnese , which is located in south-central Greece . Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part of the municipality of Corinth , of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is the capital of Corinthia. It was founded as Nea Korinthos ( Νέα Κόρινθος ), or New Corinth , in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed
296-654: A period of Economic changes commenced as a large pipework complex, a textile factory and a meat packing facility diminished their operations. Corinth is a major road hub. The A7 toll motorway for Tripoli and Kalamata , (and Sparta via the A71 toll ), branches off the A8 / E94 toll motorway from Athens at Corinth. Corinth is the main entry point to the Peloponnesian peninsula, the southernmost area of continental Greece. KTEL Korinthias provides intercity bus service in
333-560: A population of 55,941 according to the 2021 census, the second most populous municipality in the Peloponnese Region after Kalamata . The municipal unit of Corinth had 38,485 inhabitants, of which Corinth itself had 30,816 inhabitants, placing it in second place behind Kalamata among the cities of the Peloponnese Region. The municipal unit of Corinth (Δημοτική ενότητα Κορινθίων) includes apart from Corinth proper
370-568: A prosperous time in Corinth's history, as his administrative skill made Corinth one of the wealthiest city states in Greece. Several accounts state that Periander was a cruel and harsh ruler, but others claim that he was a fair and just king who worked to ensure that the distribution of wealth in Corinth was more or less even. He is often considered one of the Seven Sages of Greece , men of
407-500: Is about 55 minutes. The train station is 5 minutes by car from the city centre and parking is available for free. The port of Corinth, located north of the city centre and close to the northwest entrance of the Corinth Canal , at 37 56.0’ N / 22 56.0’ E, serves the local needs of industry and agriculture. It is mainly a cargo exporting facility. It is an artificial harbour (depth approximately 9 m (30 ft), protected by
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#1732780597533444-488: Is also credited with inventing a transport system, the Diolkos , across the Isthmus of Corinth . Tolls from goods entering Corinth's port accounted for nearly all the government revenues, which Periander used to build temples and other public works, and to promote literature and arts. He had the poet Arion come from Lesbos to Corinth for an arts festival in the city. Periander held many festivals and built many buildings in
481-445: Is posited that Periander tried to improve order in Corinth; although he appears on Diogenes Laërtius's list, his extreme measures and despotic gestures make him more suited to a list of famous tyrants than of wise men. Diogenes Laertius recounts some adages by him: Tyrants who intend to be safe should make loyalty their bodyguard, not arms. Pleasures are transient, honours are immortal. Be moderate in prosperity, prudent in adversity. Be
518-609: Is surrounded by the coastal townlets of (clockwise) Lechaio , Isthmia , Kechries , and the inland townlets of Examilia and the archaeological site and village of ancient Corinth. Natural features around the city include the narrow coastal plain of Vocha , the Corinthian Gulf , the Isthmus of Corinth cut by its canal , the Saronic Gulf , the Oneia Mountains , and the monolithic rock of Acrocorinth , where
555-709: The Bacchiad family, and between 657 and 550 BC, he and his son Periander ruled Corinth as the Tyrants. In about 550 BC, an oligarchical government seized power. This government allied with Sparta within the Peloponnesian League , and Corinth participated in the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War as an ally of Sparta. After Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian war, the two allies fell out with one another, and Corinth pursued an independent policy in
592-454: The Doric style . The Corinthian style of pottery was developed by an artisan during his rule. Periander's style of leadership and politics was termed a 'tyranny'. Tyrants favored the poor over the rich, sometimes confiscating landlord's possessions and enacting laws that limited their privileges. They also started the construction of temples, ports and fortifications, and improved the drainage of
629-750: The Suda also says. "Mormo" and " Gello " were also aliases for Lamia according to one scholiast, who also claimed she was queen of the Laestrygonians , the race of man-eating giants. The name "Mormo" or the synonymous "Mormolyceion" was used by the Greeks as a bugbear or bogey word to frighten children. Some of its instances are found in Aristophanes . The poet Erinna , in her poem The Distaff , recalls how her and her friend Baucis feared Mormo as children. Mormo as an object of fear for infants
666-665: The 6th century BC who were renowned for centuries for their wisdom. (The other Sages were most often considered to be Thales , Solon , Cleobulus , Chilon , Bias and Pittacus .) Periander was the second tyrant of Corinth and the son of Cypselus , the founder of the Cypselid dynasty. Because of his father, he was called Cypselides (Κυψελίδης). Cypselus’ wife was named Cratea. There were rumors that she and her son, Periander, slept together. Periander married Lyside (whom he often referred to as Melissa), daughter of Procles and Eristenea of Epidaurus . They had two sons: Cypselus, who
703-570: The Gamma Ethniki (Third Division) southern grouping. Corinth is twinned with: Due to its ancient history and the presence of St. Paul the Apostle in Corinth some locations all over the world have been named Corinth. Periander Periander ( / ˌ p ɛ r i ˈ æ n d ər / ; Greek : Περίανδρος ; died c. 585 BC) was the second tyrant of the Cypselid dynasty that ruled over ancient Corinth . Periander's rule brought about
740-529: The Peloponnesian peninsula to the Greek mainland, thus effectively making the former an island. The builders dug the canal through the Isthmus at sea level; no locks are employed. It is 6.4 km (4.0 mi) in length and only 21.3 metres (70 ft) wide at its base, making it impassable for most modern ships. It now has little economic importance. The canal was mooted in classical times and an abortive effort
777-466: The Roman province of Achaea . An important earthquake touched Corinth and its region in 856, causing around 45000 deaths. In 1858, the old city, now known as Ancient Corinth (Αρχαία Κόρινθος, Archaia Korinthos ), located three kilometres (two miles) southwest of the modern city, was totally destroyed by a magnitude 6.5 earthquake. New Corinth ( Nea Korinthos ) was then built to the north-east of it, on
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#1732780597533814-446: The city and supply of water. Periander adopted measures that benefitted commerce. Diogenes Laertius recounts a legend about his death, that he did not want others to know where he was buried. "He ordered two young men to go out at night by a certain road which he pointed out to them; they were to kill the man they met and bury him. He afterwards ordered four more to go in pursuit of the two, kill them and bury them; again, he dispatched
851-695: The coast of the Gulf of Corinth. In 1928, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake devastated the new city, which was then rebuilt on the same site. In 1933, there was a great fire, and the new city was rebuilt again. During the German occupation in World War II , the Germans operated a Dulag transit camp for British, Australian, New Zealander and Serbian prisoners of war and a forced labour camp in the town. Located about 78 kilometres (48 mi) west of Athens , Corinth
888-494: The existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of the ancient city. Corinth derives its name from Ancient Corinth , a city-state of antiquity. The site was occupied from before 3000 BC. Historical references begin with the early 8th century BC, when ancient Corinth began to develop as a commercial center. Between the 8th and 7th centuries, the Bacchiad family ruled Corinth. Cypselus overthrew
925-498: The list. In Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers , Diogenes Laertius, a philosopher of the 3rd century AD, lists Periander as one of these Seven Sages. Ausonius also refers to Periander as one of the Sages in his work The Masque of the Seven Sages . Some scholars have argued that the ruler named Periander was a different person from the sage of the same name. Diogenes Laërtius writes that "Sotion, and Heraclides, and Pamphila in
962-739: The medieval acropolis was built. According to the nearby weather station of Velo, operated by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service , Corinth has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification : Csa ), with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. The hottest month is July with an average temperature of 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of 9.1 °C (48.4 °F). Corinth receives about 463 mm of rainfall per year and has an average annual temperature of 18.1 °C (64.6 °F). The Municipality of Corinth (Δήμος Κορινθίων) had
999-546: The merger of Pankorinthian Football Club ( Παγκορινθιακός ) and Corinth Football Club ( Κόρινθος ). During the 2006–2007 season, the team played in the Greek Fourth Division's Regional Group 7. The team went undefeated that season and it earned the top spot. This granted the team a promotion to the Gamma Ethnikí (Third Division) for the 2007–2008 season. For the 2008–2009 season, Korinthos F.C. competed in
1036-568: The peninsula and to Athens via the Isthmos station southeast of the city center. Local bus service is also available. The metre gauge railway from Athens and Pireaeus reached Corinth in 1884. This station closed to regular public transport in 2007. In 2005, two years prior, the city was connected to the Athens Suburban Railway , following the completion of the new Corinth railway station . The journey time from Athens to Corinth
1073-454: The same to your friends whether they are in prosperity or in adversity. Whatever agreement you make, stick to it. Correct not only the offenders but also those who are on the point of offending. Periander is referenced by many contemporaries in relation to philosophy and leadership. Most commonly he is mentioned as one of the Seven Sages of Ancient Greece , a group of philosophers and rulers from early Greece, but some authors leave him out of
1110-481: The stem -lykeios meaning "of a wolf". The original Mormo was a woman of Corinth , who ate her children then flew out; according to an account only attested in a single source. Mormolyca / m ɔːr ˈ m ɒ l ɪ k ə / (as the name appears in Doric Greek : μορμολύκα ) is designated as the wetnurse ( Greek : τιθήνη ) of Acheron by Sophron ( fl. 430 BC). Mormo or Moromolyce has been described as
1147-559: The town of Archaia Korinthos , the town of Examilia , and the smaller settlements of Xylokeriza and Solomos . The municipal unit has an area of 102.187 km . Corinth is a major industrial hub at a national level. The Corinth Refinery is one of the largest oil refining industrial complexes in Europe . Ceramic tiles, copper cables, gums, gypsum, leather, marble, meat products, medical equipment, mineral water and beverages, petroleum products, and salt are produced nearby. As of 2005 ,
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1184-591: The various wars of the early 4th century BC. After the Macedonian conquest of Greece, the Acrocorinth was the seat of a Macedonian garrison until 243 BC, when the city joined the Achaean League . Nearly a century later, in 146 BC, Corinth was captured and was completely destroyed by the Roman army. As a newly rebuilt Roman colony in 44 BC, Corinth flourished and became the administrative capital of
1221-514: Was even recorded in the Alexiad written by a Byzantine princess around the First Crusade . A mormo or a lamia may also be associated with the empusa , a phantom sent by the goddess Hekate . Corinth Corinth ( / ˈ k ɒr ɪ n θ / KORR -inth ; Greek : Κόρινθος , romanized : Kórinthos , Modern Greek pronunciation: [ˈkorinθos] ) is
1258-458: Was hampered by geological and financial problems that bankrupted the original builders. It was completed in 1893, but due to the canal's narrowness, navigational problems and periodic closures to repair landslips from its steep walls, it failed to attract the level of traffic anticipated by its operators. It is now used mainly for tourist traffic. The city's association football team is Korinthos F.C. ( Π.Α.E. Κόρινθος ), established in 1999 after
1295-486: Was made to build it in the 1st century AD. Julius Caesar and Caligula both considered digging the canal but died before starting the construction. The emperor Nero was the first to attempt to construct the canal. The Roman workforce responsible for the initial digging consisted of 6,000 Jewish prisoners of war . Modern construction started in 1882, after Greece gained independence from the Ottoman Empire , but
1332-408: Was said to be weak-minded, and Lycophron , a man of intelligence. According to the book Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers , Periander, in a fit of rage, kicked his wife or threw her down a set of stairs so hard that she was killed. Greek historian Herodotus has alluded to suggestions that Periander had defiled the corpse of his wife , employing a metaphor: "Periander baked his bread in
1369-614: Was succeeded by his nephew, Psammetichus, who ruled for just three years and was the last of the Cypselid tyrants. Periander built Corinth into one of the major trading centers in Ancient Greece . He established colonies at Potidaea in Chalcidice and at Apollonia in Illyria , conquered Epidaurus, formed positive relationships with Miletus and Lydia , and annexed Corcyra, where his son lived much of his life. Periander
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