The Morning Chronicle was a newspaper founded in 1769 in London. It was notable for having been the first steady employer of essayist William Hazlitt as a political reporter and the first steady employer of Charles Dickens as a journalist. It was the first newspaper to employ a salaried woman journalist, Eliza Lynn Linton ; for publishing the articles by Henry Mayhew that were collected and published in book format in 1851 as London Labour and the London Poor ; and for publishing other major writers, such as John Stuart Mill .
26-407: The newspaper published under various owners until 1862, when its publication was suspended, with two subsequent attempts at continued publication. From 28 June 1769 to March 1789 it was published under the name The Morning Chronicle, and London Advertiser . From 1789 to its final publication in 1865, it was published under the name The Morning Chronicle . The Morning Chronicle and London Advertiser
52-492: A protégée of the novelist William Harrison Ainsworth and the poet Walter Savage Landor . At one time she was promoted by Theodosia Monson , who was a champion of women's rights. In 1846 she produced her first novel, Azeth, the Egyptian , which was followed by Amymone (1848) and Realities (1851). Neither had great success. Meanwhile she began working as a journalist and became acquainted with George Eliot . Linton joined
78-492: A severe illness. It was Black who later employed Dickens, Mayhew, and John Stuart Mill . William Innel(l) Clement (the owner of several titles) purchased the Morning Chronicle on the death of James Perry in 1821 for £42,000, raising most of the purchase money by bills. The transaction involved him with Messrs. Hurst & Robinson, the publishers, and their bankruptcy in 1825 hit him very hard. After losing annually on
104-513: A strong anti-feminist slant. Linton was born in Keswick, Cumbria , England, the youngest of the twelve children of the Rev. James Lynn, vicar of Crosthwaite , and his wife Charlotte, who was the daughter of a bishop of Carlisle . The death of her mother when Eliza was five months old meant a chaotic upbringing, in which she was largely self-educated, but in 1845 she left home to earn her living as
130-543: A successful banker and friend of Perry's, anonymously published an article in the Morning Chronicle titled "The Price of Gold". It was Ricardo's first published work, and decried the inflationary consequences of the Bank Restriction Act 1797 , advocating for a return to the gold standard . The publication of Ricardo's article started an extensive correspondence in the newspaper, and precipitated
156-533: A writer in London. After moving to Paris, she married W. J. Linton in 1858, an eminent wood-engraver, who was also a poet of note, a writer on his craft, and a Chartist agitator. She moved into his ramshackle house, Brantwood , in the Lake District , with his seven children from an earlier marriage, and wrote there a novel set locally: Lizzie Lorton of Greyrigg . The couple also lived at Gang Moor on
182-817: The Daily News , Ainsworth's Magazine , The Cornhill Magazine and other leading newspapers. The prolific Linton became one of the best-known women periodical contributors of her time. Her 1864 guide to The Lake Country still bears reading for tart comments on the tourist rituals of the Victorians. In 1881 and 1883 she travelled to Palermo , where she met Tina Whitaker and encouraged her to write. After separating from her husband, Linton returned to writing novels, in which she finally attained wide popularity. Her most successful works were The True History of Joshua Davidson (1872), Patricia Kemball (1874), and The Autobiography of Christopher Kirkland (1885),
208-754: The Morning Chronicle as publisher, editor, and reporter. In 1770 London papers began to report Parliamentary debates fully, against the rules of the House of Commons. Woodfall published long reports of over 17,000 words, often copied by other papers. He would walk down to the House of Commons "with a hard-boiled egg in his pocket, take his seat in the gallery, sit out the longest debate and -- not being allowed to take notes -- return to his printing office and write out fifteen or sixteen small columns of speeches." The Commons tried to have Woodfall and other printers arrested, but City of London officials challenged
234-603: The Public Advertiser . William served an apprenticeship with bookseller Richard Baldwin after attending St. Paul's School , London , and Tonbridge School , where his nickname was "Memory Woodfall". Following his father's retirement, Woodfall shared the running of the Public Advertiser with his brother Henry Sampson Woodfall . William edited the London Packet from 1772 to 1774, then joined
260-503: The ' New Woman '," but added that "it would perhaps be difficult to reduce Mrs. Lynn Linton's views on what was and what was not desirable for her own sex to a logical and connected form." Revisionist critics have noted an unconscious sympathy for the dashing "modern women" in her fiction, and to her support for the right of married women to own property and so gain greater independence. (See Married Women's Property Act 1870 and Married Women's Property Act 1882 .) Linton's contribution to
286-476: The Morning Chronicle, Clement sold it to John Easthope in 1834 for £16,500. Charles Dickens began reporting for the Chronicle in 1834. It was in this medium that he also began publishing short stories under the pseudonym "Boz". The articles by Henry Mayhew were published in 1849, accompanied by similar articles about other regions of the country, written by other journalists. Eliza Lynn Linton joined
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#1732766218613312-601: The World in Eighty Days , The Morning Chronicle is mentioned among the papers reporting on Phileas Fogg's travel around the world. Verne attributes to the Chronicle a position hostile to Fogg and skeptical of his chances to complete his journey in 80 days. William Woodfall (journalist) William Woodfall (baptised 7 February 1745 – 1803) was an English printer , publisher and Parliamentary reporter. William's father, Henry Woodfall, printed and published
338-563: The acquittal of Admiral Augustus Keppell and sentenced to 12 months in Newgate Prison . In 1789, he passed control of The Morning Chronicle to James Perry . The Diary closed in 1793. Eliza Lynn Linton Eliza Lynn Linton (10 February 1822 – 14 July 1898) was the first female salaried journalist in Britain and the author of over 20 novels. Despite her path-breaking role as an independent woman, many of her essays took
364-470: The creation of the Bullion Committee . William Hazlitt joined to report on Parliament in 1813, by which time several charges of libel and seditious libel had been levelled against the newspaper and its contributors at one time or another, Perry being sentenced to three months in gaol in 1798. Woodfall died in 1803. Perry was succeeded by John Black , probably in 1817 when Perry developed
390-721: The edge of Hampstead Heath for several years. In 1867 they separated amicably, her husband going to America and Eliza going back to life as a London writer. Linton returned briefly to her childhood home in Cumbria in 1889, to feel "half in a dream here. It is Keswick and yet not Keswick, as I am Eliza Lynn and yet not Eliza Lynn." She usually lived in London until about three years before her death, when she retired to Brougham House, Malvern . She died at Queen Anne's Mansions, London, on 14 July 1898. Her ashes were scattered in Crosthwaite churchyard. Linton arrived in London in 1845 as
416-570: The election campaigns of Sir Francis Burdett (1802 and 1804); Richard Brinsley Sheridan , the Irish playwright and satirist (1807); and the abolitionist and proponent of minimum wages, Samuel Whitbread (1811). As a war correspondent in 1809 he reported on the disasters of the Walcheren Campaign , laying blame at the feet of Lord Castlereagh . 1811 Castlereagh succeeded in having him imprisoned for libel. In 1809, David Ricardo , then
442-573: The extent of writing notes outside the chamber.) Woodfall's journalism slanted toward the Whig party in the House of Commons . Newspapers of the time were subject to persecution by the government, and in typical fashion Woodfall was convicted of libel and spent a year in Newgate prison in 1779; a similar fate also befell some of his successors. The Chronicle was bought by James Perry in 1789, bringing
468-597: The journal firmly down on the Whig side against the Tory -owned London Gazette . Circulation increased, and by 1810, the typical sale was 7,000 copies. The content often came from journalists labelled as radicals , a dangerous connotation in the aftermath of the French Revolution . From 1801 the former United Irishman Peter Finnerty combined reporting for the Chronicle on Parliament with active participation in
494-650: The latter being in fact a thinly disguised autobiography. In 1896, she became one of the first women to be elected to the Society of Authors and was the first woman to serve on the society's committee. Linton was a severe critic of early feminism. Her prominent essay on the subject, "The Girl of the Period," appeared in the Saturday Review in 1868 as a vehement attack. In 1891, she wrote "Wild Women as Politicians", explaining her view that politics were naturally
520-460: The newspaper in 1849 and, in doing so, became the UK's first salaried woman journalist on a daily newspaper. The Morning Chronicle was suspended with the 21 December 1862 issue and resumed with the 9 January 1864 issue. Then it was suspended again with the 10 January 1864 issue and again resumed with the 2 March 1865 issue. A series of letters, penned by Edward Gibbon Wakefield , actually in prison at
546-512: The right of Commons messengers to make arrests within the City; there were riots, and the Commons backed down, and no longer challenged the reporting of its debates. In 1789 he sold his interest in the Morning Chronicle and founded The Diary, or Woodfall's Register . Because of the ban on note-taking in the House of Commons , he had memorised what was said, writing it down afterwards. The Diary
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#1732766218613572-547: The sphere of men , as was fame of any sort. "Amongst our most renowned women," she wrote, "are some who say with their whole heart, I would rather have been the wife of a great man, or the mother of a hero, than what I am, famous in my own person." Linton exemplifies how the fight against votes for women was not organised only by men (see Anti-suffragism ). Her obituary in The Times noted her "animosity towards all, or rather, some of those facets which may be conveniently called
598-451: The staff of the Morning Chronicle in 1849, a position said to have made her the first woman to be paid a salary as a journalist. She left the paper in 1851 over a disagreement. During her time in Paris, Linton was a correspondent for The Leader , which her husband had helped found. She was a regular contributor to Charles Dickens 's Household Words and to St James's Gazette ,
624-562: The time for the abduction of a minor but purporting to come from a gentleman settler in Sydney , New South Wales , were published in the Chronicle in 1829. Each was dubbed "A letter from Sydney". These outlined his theory of systematic colonisation, which were embraced with enthusiasm by Robert Gouger , widely promulgated after being published as a book, and later led to the British colonisation of South Australia . In Jules Verne 's Around
650-467: Was founded in 1769 by William Woodfall as publisher, editor, and reporter. From 1769 to 1789 the editor was William Woodfall. (In 1789 he sold his interest in the Morning Chronicle and in the same year founded The Diary, or Woodfall's Register , which was the first to fully report on proceedings in Parliament as a regular feature. Since note-taking was prohibited, he worked from memory, at least to
676-464: Was published from 30 March 1789 to 31 August 1793. Under the name "Adams", Woodfall acted on the stage in Scotland. His son Thomas, a publisher and printer of theatre bills, married the actress Clementina Collins in 1796. William Woodfall's reporting was frequently controversial. Edmund Burke sued him for libel and, in 1779, Woodfall was found guilty of printing and publishing a leaflet supporting
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