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40-727: The first city day was held on January 1, 1847, celebrating Moscow's 700th anniversary. At the end of prayers held in the Chudov Monastery , the bells in the Ivan the Great Bell Tower sounded. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 1947, this time during Soviet rule. According to a mandate of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union , a special medal was awarded to almost 1.7 million Soviet citizens. In 1997,

80-656: A number of churches in the city, patronized the writing of saints' lives, and began a number of important literary works in Novgorod, which he completed in Moscow. Most notably among these are the Velikie Mineia Chet'ii (The Great Menion Reader ), a twelve volume series of saint's lives and prayers divide up by months; and the Stepennaia Kniga ( The Book of Degrees of Royal Genealogy ), a genealogy of

120-545: A procession along Tverskaya Street and finishes at the Kremlin . Evening concerts usually take place in large areas such as Red Square , Cathedral Square and Manezhnaya Square . Classical music concerts are also held at city parks such as Kolomenskoye , Tsaritsyno and Sokolniki . The Patriarch Ponds annually hosts a unique concert-on-water. Concerts range from rising independent artists to international performers and urban classical orchestras. A traditional mass event

160-659: Is held at Luzhniki Stadium in the Khamovniki District . The event features amusement rides, games and competitions. The main stage opposite the central entrance features famous singers, while the car park by the South Sport Complex provides a venue for a rap music concert. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia , the 2020 celebrations were reduced to a singular ceremony attended by President Putin in

200-757: Is set at the monastery. In 2007 Orthodox public figure Vitaly Vladimirovich Averyanov in an interview with the Youth Internet Journal of the Moscow State University , Tatiana Day , explained the possible restoration of the Chudov Monastery and the Passion Monastery . On 31 July 2014, president Vladimir Putin suggested restoring the Chudov Monastery and the Ascension Convent : "As you know,

240-887: The Judaizer Heresy (called the Zhidovstvuyuschiye in Russian) and compiled the first complete corpus of the Bible in Slavonic (the Gennady Bible, now housed in the State Historical Museum ). His successor, Serapion was removed from office after only three years and the see sat vacant for seventeen years (1509–1526). The office revived somewhat under Makarii (archbishop 1526-1542; Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus' 1542-1563), who built

280-739: The Living Church , or Renovationist Church, a movement (now deemed schismatic ) that was sponsored by the Soviet authorities to split and thus weaken the Russian Church. The last of these, Veniamin Molchanov, was later Archbishop of Alma Ata, but nothing further is known of him after October 1936. He is thought to have been shot. The Renovationists fought with the patriarchal or main Orthodox Church before they were suppressed when

320-697: The Zaryadye Park Concert Hall. Chudov Monastery The Chudov Monastery ( Russian : Чу́дов монасты́рь , romanized :  Chúdov monastýr' ; more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery ) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin in 1358 by Metropolitan Alexius of Moscow . The monastery was dedicated to the miracle ( chudo in Russian) of the Archangel Michael at Chonae ( feast day : September 19 [ O.S. September 6]). The Monastery

360-679: The 11th-18th centuries were transferred to the State Historical Museum . The relics of Metropolitan Alexius were first moved from the Church of St. Alexius (which he had built) to the Cathedral of the Dormition and then to another church in Moscow. Of the hundred or so other interments in the monastery (including Archbishop Gennady), their remains were lost and their whereabouts are still unknown. A scene in Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov

400-566: The 850th anniversary of Moscow was celebrated. Moscow Day was introduced as an annual event in 1986 by future-President Boris Yeltsin , who served as Secretary of the Moscow City Committee at the time. About 1,000 different events and activities are held during the holiday, including parades, fairs, street entertainment, sports contests, and live music concerts. 67 Moscow museums offer free admission. Over 170 free walking and bicycle tours are organised. The celebrations begin with

440-557: The Detinets (Kremlin) in Novgorod, the fortress at Orekhov (also known as Oreshek) that was rebuilt in stone by Vasilii Kalika in 1352, the city walls built around Novgorod in the 1330s, and so forth. They administered the ecclesiastical courts, which in Novgorod adjudicated cases that elsewhere in the Orthodox world were left to secular courts; they signed treaties on behalf of the city; they oversaw standards of weights and measures in

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480-615: The Great 's key advisors on religion and helped establish the Spiritual Regulations and the Holy Governing Synod (which governed the church from 1721 to 1917.) Prokopovich was named Archbishop of Novgorod in 1725, after Peter's death. Archbishop Dmitry (r. 1757-1767), served as Catherine the Great's spiritual advisor for the first few years of her reign and crowned her Empress in 1762. The Novgorodian Eparchy

520-490: The Mongol Invasion (1237–1240) and then fell into decline until about the archiepiscopate of Vasilii Kalika (1330–1352). It then continued to grow in power into the early fifteenth century. During this time, the archbishops carried out a number of important political functions: they headed embassies to bring peace and ransom captives, they patronized civil (as opposed to ecclesiastical) construction projects such as

560-515: The Patriarch of Constantinople, it was always referred to as a bishopric, and there are a number of letters reminding sometimes recalcitrant archbishops of their subservience to the Russian metropolitan. Around 1400, the archbishops began referring to themselves as "Archbishop of Novgorod the Great and Pskov." In 1156, Bishop Arkadii (1156–1165) was elected by the veche (public assembly) because

600-615: The St. Nicholas Cathedral on the Market bears an inscription referring to Nifont as archbishop. After the creation of the archiepiscopate, Martirii appears to have been the only one (before the creation of the metropolitanate in 1589) not to have been an archbishop, as none of his seals found in archaeological excavations speak of him as anything other than "bishop." Politically the archbishop of Novgorod grew in power during Novgorod's period of independence, traditionally 1136 to 1478, until just before

640-555: The archiepiscopal dignity. Formally, though the status of the Novgorodian church remained unchanged and was still part of the Province of Kiev. While a number of archbishoprics in the Orthodox Church were autocephalous , answerable to the regional patriarch rather than the local metropolitan, Novgorod's was merely a titular archbishopric and always remained subordinate to the Province of Kiev and later Moscow. Indeed, in letters from

680-434: The building that occupies this site [Building 14] was built in the 1930s, but previously there were two cloisters and a church here... That is how the idea came up of rather than restoring the 1930s building, returning the site to its historical appearance instead, with the two cloisters and the church. In today's situation of course, they would be restored as cultural heritage monuments only." However, no plans exist to restore

720-407: The chronicles give conflicting dates for its establishment ranging anywhere from 989 to 992. The first bishop, Joachim of Korsun (ca. 989-1030), built the first (wooden) Cathedral of Holy Wisdom (also called St. Sofia's) "with thirteen tops" around the time of his arrival in Novgorod. That cathedral burned in 1045, and the current, stone, cathedral, the oldest building still in use in Russia today,

760-457: The city marketplace; their vicars may have administered outlying districts, such as Staraya Ladoga ; and they generally shared decision-making with the boyars who ran the city. After the Muscovite conquest in 1470–1478, the office fell somewhat into decline. The first three Muscovite archbishops were removed in disgrace, although the second one, Gennady (1484–1504), successfully suppressed

800-484: The city under Swedish occupation. The city was not returned to Russia until several years after the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty, and Tsar Mikhail is said to have distrusted Isidor for his role in the city under Swedish control. The office remained a metropolitanate until 1720 when it was again reduced to an archiepiscopate. It was elevated to the metropolitan level again in 1762, and the title changed as

840-660: The eparchy was included with St. Petersburg and later Finland and Estonia. It was separated from St. Petersburg in 1892. The new city of St. Petersburg , when it was founded in late spring 1703, was initially in the Novgorodian Eparchy, and Metropolitan Iov consecrated the first wooden Peter and Paul Cathedral in the Peter and Paul Fortress (the current cathedral is, of course, a later construction) in April 1704. Iov's vicar, Feofan Prokopovich , became one of Peter

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880-697: The first complete codex of the Bible in Slavic in 1499, was hegumen of the monastery prior to his archiepiscopate. Patriarch Hermogenes was starved to death by the Poles in the monastery vaults in 1612. The Time of Troubles over, they opened the Greek-Latin School with support from Patriarch Filaret . In 1744–1833, the cloister accommodated the Moscow Ecclesiastic Consistory . As time went by, new churches were added to

920-423: The local metropolitan and maintained ties to the Russian church throughout this period. While some Russian chronicles refer to all Novgorodian prelates as archbishops, the office was not formally raised to the archiepiscopal status until 1165. There is evidence, however, that suggests that Nifont (r. 1130-1156) held the archiepiscopal title personally even before that. An antimins (embroidered communion cloth) from

960-667: The metropolitan dignity in 2012. He has overseen the reopening of a number of churches in Novgorod and the eparchy, the return of the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom to the Russian Orthodox Church, the opening of a seminary at the Zverin Monastery just north of the old city walls on the left bank of the Volkhov River, the reestablishment of a library in the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom, and other activities in

1000-471: The metropolitan throne in Kiev was vacant at that time. Over the next several centuries, a process of local election either by the veche, by the local clergy, or by the drawing of lots developed. It was last used in the election of Archbishop Sergei in 1483, the first Muscovite archbishop of Novgorod. This local election gave the archbishops considerable autonomy in church matters, although they were consecrated by

1040-618: The monasteries as of 2024. 55°45′8″N 37°37′8″E  /  55.75222°N 37.61889°E  / 55.75222; 37.61889 Archbishop of Novgorod The Diocese of Novgorod ( Russian : Новгородская епархия ) is one of the oldest offices in the Russian Orthodox Church . The medieval archbishops of Novgorod were among the most important figures in medieval Russian history and culture and their successors (as bishops, archbishops, or metropolitans) have continued to play significant roles in Russian history up to

1080-664: The monastery complex. These included the Church of St Alexius the Metropolitan and the Church of the Annunciation (both built in 1680) and the Church of Saint Andrew (1887). During the French invasion of Russia (1812), the French Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout commandeered the monastery for his own use. A painting by Vasily Vereshchagin shows Davout desecrating the cathedral, using

1120-491: The most recent Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus was Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod immediately before his election as Patriarch in 1990. As patriarch, Alexius II presided over the reestablishment of Novgorod as an eparchy independent of Leningrad/St. Petersburg and of the reconsecration of the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom. The current bishop is Metropolitan Lev . He was transferred from Tashkent in 1990 to be bishop of Novgorod and raised to archiepiscopal dignity in 1995, and to

1160-400: The old bishop's palace in Novgorod commemorates him and there is a festival in his honor in Novgorod today. During his long, absentee tenure as Archbishop and Metropolitan of Novgorod, the eparchy was administered by a number of vicars, including Alexius Simansky , who held the title of Archbishop of Khutyn. Alexius was briefly Metropolitan of Novgorod in 1933, and was succeeded by Venedikt, who

1200-400: The patriarchal church was legalized in 1943. In the patriarchal church, Archbishop Arsenius (Stadnitsky) was one of the candidates for Patriarch in the 1917 Moscow Council, when Tikhon was elected. He, like many of the hierarchs of the church, suffered repeated arrest in the 1920s. He was exiled to Central Asia in 1926 and made Bishop of Tashkent in 1933, where he died in 1936. A plaque on

1240-498: The present day. They patronized a significant number of churches in and around the city, (several of which can still be seen today), and their artistic and architectural embellishments influenced later Russian art and architecture; they also patronized chronicle-writing, a crucial source on medieval Russian history. The office of bishop of Novgorod was created around the time of the Christianization of Rus' (988), although

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1280-610: The sanctuary itself as his office. Following the Bolshevik Revolution , the Chudov Monastery was closed down in 1918. All of its structures demolished in 1929, as part of the Soviet Union 's ongoing policy of state atheism . On the site of the destroyed Chudov Monastery and the nearby Ascension Convent the Soviet government built the Red Commanders School. All of the monastery’s manuscripts of

1320-734: The time of the massacre, Tsar Ivan the Terrible removed Archbishop Pimen from office and sent him to Aleksandrov where he was apparently tortured. Pimen died in 1572 under uncertain circumstances in the Monastery of St. Nicholas in Tula. His successor, Archbishop Leonid, was beheaded in Moscow on Cathedral Square in the Kremlin on the orders of the Tsar in October 1575. Leonid's successor, Aleksandr,

1360-458: The tsar and his ancestors linking them to the Romans. Like the rest of Russia, the archiepiscopal office suffered hardship during the reign of Ivan the Terrible and the subsequent Time of Troubles . Novgorod seems to have suffered more than most, as the oprichniks killed many citizens in 1570 and looted the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom and other places in the city ( Massacre of Novgorod ). At around

1400-656: Was built between 1045 and 1050 by Prince Vladimir Iaroslavich . It was consecrated by Bishop Luka Zhidiata (1035–1060) on the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross , September 14, 1052 (an eleventh-century fresco just inside the south door depicts Sts. Constantine and his mother Helena who found the True Cross in the fourth century). The office remained a bishopric until it 1165 when Metropolitan Kirill raised Ilya to

1440-427: Was closed in 1918 and dismantled in 1929 by the Soviet government. The construction of the monastery together with its katholikon ( cathedral ) was finished in 1365. The katholikon was replaced with a new one in 1431 and then once again in 1501–1503. It was traditionally used for baptising the royal children, including future Tsars Feodor I , Aleksey I and Peter the Great . The monastery’s hegumen ( abbot )

1480-428: Was combined again with Leningrad after the re-legalization of the church in 1943. It was briefly separated in the 1950s and combined with Leningrad, again, in the 1960s. It was last separated in 1990, when it was recreated as a bishopric. It was raised to archiepiscopal level again in 1995. The current title is "Archbishop of Novgorod the Great and Staraya Russa." From 1922-1936, thirteen bishops of Novgorod were named by

1520-648: Was considered the first among the hegumens of all the Russian monasteries until 1561. Alongside Simonov Monastery and Trinity–St. Sergius Lavra , the Chudov Monastery was the biggest center of the Muscovite book culture and learning. Prominent monks of the monastery, who dedicated their lives to translating and correcting ecclesiastic books, include Maximus the Greek , Yepifany Slavinetsky and Karion Istomin . Gennady , who as Archbishop of Novgorod , patronized

1560-540: Was elevated to the metropolitan rank in 1589, becoming the "Metropolitan of Novgorod the Great and Velikie Luki". ( Pskov became its own eparchy in 1589, hence Pskov could no longer be part of the Novgorodian archbishop's title.) During the Time of Troubles, Novgorod was occupied by the Swedes, and Novgorodian Metropolitan Isidor played a key role in negotiating the city's hand over to the Swedes in 1611 and in administering

1600-619: Was shot in 1937 either in Kazan or in Leningrad, although the sources conflict. After Venedict, Alexius was made Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod in 1943. He was one of the three bishops (of four still alive) who met with Stalin on September 4, 1943, a meeting which led to the re-legaliziation of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1945, Alexius was elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus and served in that post (the longest-serving Moscow patriarch) until his death in 1970. Patriarch Alexius II ,

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