Misplaced Pages

#453546

85-552: This freshwater course forms a natural border between the administrative regions of Bas-Saint-Laurent and Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine . The river is a North South divide in the Notre Dame Mountains that characterize the relief of the Gaspé Peninsula. The Matapedia River basin drains an area of about 3,900 kilometres (2,423.35 mi). Matapedia River is often called the  Salmon Capital  . From

170-413: A New York-based fly angler, author and film maker, promoted catch and release as early as 1936 with the phrase "Game fish are too valuable to be caught only once." Don Martinez a West Yellowstone, Montana , fly shop owner, promoted catch and release in his 1930–40s newsletters sent to Eastern anglers. In Australia, catch and release caught on slowly, with some pioneers practicing it in the 1960s, and

255-480: A conservation tool for Atlantic salmon and sea trout fisheries since 2003. A number of fisheries now have mandatory catch and release regulations. Catch and release for coarse fish has been used by sport anglers for as long as these species have been fished for on this island. However catch and release for Atlantic salmon has required a huge turn about in how many anglers viewed the salmon angling resource. To encourage anglers to practice catch and release in all fisheries

340-483: A destructive earthquake in history. An earthquake of magnitude 5.1 occurred in 1944 east of Godbout and another of the same magnitude occurred on the 16 March 1999, its epicentre was located at about 60 km (37 mi) south of Sept-Îles. The topography of Bas-Saint-Laurent has two main elements : the plateaus of the Appalachian Mountains , called Notre Dame Mountains , and the lowlands in

425-400: A large part (507 km  [196 sq mi]) are in a marine environment. Although they are not strictly considered protected areas, the territories structured for the gestion of wildlife cover 45,5% of the surface area of the region. They are divided in four wildlife reserves and five Zone d'exploitation contrôlée . After reaching its peak in the middle of the 20th century due to

510-451: A net must be used it is important that it is pre-wetted and is not abrasive to the fish (such as a rubber coated net or very dense lightweight mesh), because fish can easily damage themselves in a normal net while thrashing. The use of barbless hooks is an important aspect of catch and release; barbless hooks reduce injury and handling time, increasing survival. Frequently, fish caught on barbless hooks can be released without being removed from

595-648: A number of government led incentives have been implemented. In Canada, catch and release is mandatory for some species. Canada also requires in some cases the use of barbless hooks to facilitate release and minimize injury. In Switzerland and Germany, catch and release fishing is considered inhumane and is now banned. In Germany, the Animal Welfare Act states that "no-one may cause an animal pain, suffering or harm without good reason" . This leaves no legal basis for catch and release due to its argued inherent lack of "good reason", and thus personal fishing

680-502: A result of inadequate holding and weigh in procedures during tournaments. More recent studies reported in Montana estimate that approximately 20% of released trout die from injuries or stress and for those that do not die, their injuries may significantly reduce their ability to feed and grow. Emerging research suggests catch and release does not work very well with fish caught when deep sea fishing. Most deep sea fish species suffer from

765-519: A small part is within the limits of the region, is characterized by several summits taller than 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Its diverse climate and its landscape host a flora unique in Quebec . Finally, about 30% of the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park , the first marine park of Quebec, is located in the region. It holds the longest fjord in the east of Canada as well as a part of the largest estuary in

850-585: A sound in the Saint-Laurent valley, isolating the glacier covering Bas-Saint-Laurent from the one covering Côte-Nord . The isostatic rebound created an inland sea, the Sea of Goldthwait , which flooded the region under at most 200m of water in the area around Rimouski. The withdrawal of the Sea of Goldthwait was gradual, 2,000 years ago the isostatic rebound stabilised at around 1 mm (0.039 in) per year,

935-469: Is a meander river for a distance of approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi). It widens into an elongated lake 1 kilometre wide and 7 kilometres (4 mi) long at Lac-au-Saumon before narrowing back to a river below the dam in the village of Causapscal . There, it joins with a major tributary, the Causapscal River , forming a pool that is renowned for its Atlantic salmon . From there,

SECTION 10

#1732783135454

1020-543: Is an administrative region of Quebec located along the south shore of the lower Saint Lawrence River in Quebec . The river widens at this place, later becoming a bay that discharges into the Atlantic Ocean and is often nicknamed "Bas-du-Fleuve" (Lower-River). The region is formed by eight regional county municipalities and 114 municipalities . In the south, it borders Maine of the United States, and

1105-537: Is called a medium estuary, while east of the municipality it is called a maritime estuary or lower estuary. The region is relatively poor in fresh water, since lakes and rivers only count as 1.5% of the land area. It possesses two hydrographic regions, the first holds all the streams that pour into the estuary of the Saint-Lawrence river and the region of Chaleur Bay and Percé , whose streams flow south into New-Brunswick and Maine . These regions influenced

1190-451: Is composed of riverside land of altitudes ranging from 0 to 250 m (0 to 820 ft) above sea level. This area has a depth of 5 km (3.1 mi) before reaching the mountains in the west of the region, but reaches 25 km (16 mi) in the vicinity of Rimouski, only to shrink again in the eastern limits of the region. This riverside land disappears entirely between the municipalities of Sainte-Félicité and Grosses-Roches . In

1275-408: Is due to structural issues like the rationalization of agriculture and the depletion of the forests, but also to rural flight and a sinking natality since the 1960s. Bas-Saint-Laurent was home to 200,500 inhabitants on the first of July 2011, which represents 2.5% of the total population of Quebec. This number indicates that this share has dropped by 4% since 1996. More than 40% of the population of

1360-534: Is not surprising that the share of the population of Quebec living in Bas-Saint-Laurent has decreased from 5.2% in 1951 to 2.8% in 2001. The population of Bas-Saint-Laurent is significantly older than the population of Quebec as a whole. In 2011, the average age of the population of Bas-Saint-Laurent was 47.3 years, making it the second oldest province of Quebec by that criterion, behind neighboring Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine (49.0 years) and just before

1445-481: Is part of the natural province of the Appalachian Mountains in the ecological reference area of Quebec. The forests of Bas-Saint-Laurent are 8,000 years old. Beyond inhabited areas, they cover the majority of the territory. They are boreal with a coniferous influence. The forests most important in order of superficy are those of golden birch , paper birch and white spruce . The dominant forest of

1530-569: Is solely allowed for immediate food consumption. Additionally, it is against the law to release fish back into the water if they are above minimum size requirements and are not a protected species or in closed season . In 2011, the National Park Service in Yellowstone National Park began reversing decades of regulation that promoted catch and release and other techniques that protected fish populations. In

1615-435: Is split into two different territories, being more accurate for the distinctive cultural traditions of these regions. The evolution of the toponymy of the region takes root in the different steps of its development, with at first the initial settlement by First Nations , followed by a progressive settlement by French-speaking colonists starting in the 18th century, but mostly in the 19th, a small Scottish presence starting in

1700-629: The Acadian orogeny and the Taconic orogeny , have shaped the land. During the first orogeny, the subduction of the oceanic plate created a volcanic chain in the Iapetus Ocean , off the coast of Laurentia during the Cambrian period. The magma surfacing mixed with the sediments originating from the continental erosion and the volcanic arc of islands got gradually closer to the continent to

1785-564: The American black duck , as well as a stop for migratory birds in spring. The region has four national parks . The Lac-Témiscouata National Park is located east of the Lake Témiscouata and protects a representative part of the Notre Dame Mountains and several ancient forests. The Bic National Park , near Rimouski , protects the litoral of the south of the estuary of Saint Lawrence . The Gaspésie National Park , of which only

SECTION 20

#1732783135454

1870-790: The Cascapédia River of 1,701 km (657 sq mi), half of this basin is located within the limits of the administrative region. Among the notable rivers pouring into the Saint-Lawrence, we can count the Mitis River (1,812 km  [700 sq mi]), Matane River (1,692 km  [653 sq mi]), Rimouski River (1,621 km  [626 sq mi]), Rivière du Loup (1,046 km  [404 sq mi]) and Trois Pistoles River (966 km  [373 sq mi]). Bas-Saint-Laurent counts 2,417 lakes, of which 90% do not exceed an area of 20 ha (49 acres). About 30% of them are situated in

1955-574: The Compagnie de transport du Bas St-Laurent and the Compagnie de Pouvoir du Bas-Saint-Laurent or the newspaper l'Écho du Bas St-Laurent adopt it. After being eclipsed for two decades when the State tried to erase regional differences by putting in place shared administrative structures east of the Quebec, the start of the 1980s sees this policy change, as the great region Bas-Saint-Laurent- Gaspésie

2040-679: The Gaspé Peninsula and to the west by Côte-du-Sud. It extends over an area of 28,319 km (10,934 sq mi), with 22,141 km (8,549 sq mi) of land area, which represents a bit less than 2% of the total area of Quebec , however, this area also represents 10% of the inhabited area of Quebec, or about half the land area of Switzerland . The region is divided into eight Regional county municipalities (RCM), which contain 130 municipalities. Bas Saint-Laurent contained 200,462 inhabitants in 2011, of which 55,400 were in its most populous RCM, Rimouski-Neigette . Otherwise,

2125-561: The Pleistocene drove away the animals of the ice-covered area and these came back gradually as the ice sheet melted over the last 18,000 years. The melting of the ice sheet and the flood of the sea of Goldthwait around the current estuary brought molluscs like true mussels , soft-shell clams and scallops . belugas and other whales visit it. According to the remains of marine mammals found in altitude further inland, narvals , walruses and earless seals were also present in

2210-488: The Restigouche River to Lac au Saumon (Matapédia) . Area 1 : Area 2 : Area 3 : Area 4 : The river provided the name and inspiration for the title track of the album Matapédia by Quebec singer-songwriters Kate and Anna McGarrigle . Download coordinates as: Bas-Saint-Laurent The Bas-Saint-Laurent ( French pronunciation: [ba sɛ̃ lɔʁɑ̃] , "Lower Saint-Lawrence")

2295-748: The Restigouche River . This confluence is located at: Its name may derive from the Mi'kmaq word matapegiag , meaning "river junction", from the parts mata (junction) and pegiag (river), referring to the Matapédia River that crosses the town just before its confluence with the Restigouche River . Another source from the late nineteenth century indicates that the Mi'kmaq named the area Magabegeak which means "roughly flowing". It has also been spelled many different ways over time such as Matapediach , Madapeguia , Matapeguia , Matapediac, Matakpediack, Madapeguia, Metapedia , or Matapediac . During

2380-668: The Saint Lawrence River has a small influence on the climate of the region, making it more alike to the climate of meridional Quebec , than with "Nordic" towns like La Sarre in Abitibi or Roberval, Quebec in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean , located at the same latitude than the town of Matane . However, the climate of Bas-Saint-Laurent is of continental type, with a "great amplitude and no dry periods". The French geographer Raoul Blanchard described

2465-589: The University of Edinburgh and the Roslin Institute by injecting bee venom and acetic acid into the lips of rainbow trout; the fish responded by rubbing their lips along the sides and floors of their tanks in an effort to relieve themselves of the sensation. Lead researcher Lynne Sneddon wrote, "Our research demonstrates nociception and suggests that noxious stimulation in the rainbow trout has adverse behavioral and physiological effects. This fulfills

2550-530: The common goldeneye and ring-necked duck , while sea ducks are represented by the common eider and long-tailed duck . Bas-Saint-Laurent has only one wetland area according to the Ramsar Convention , the Baie de l'Isle-Verte , part of it is protected by the national wildlife reserve of baie de L'Isle-Verte . This swamp is primarily occupied by cordgrasses and is an important nesting area for

2635-459: The 1800s, with activities centred on agriculture and the exploitation of its waters and forests. The last phase of this evolution took place when some inland communities started to decline and its centres of activity were reinforced. The Bas-Saint-Laurent is a region in the East of Quebec, delimited to the north by the Saint Lawrence River , to the south by New-Brunswick and Maine , to the east by

Matapedia River - Misplaced Pages Continue

2720-515: The 19th century. The first mention of the name is attributed to a report from the Rimouskois deputy and writer Joseph-Charles Taché , which used the term to describe "the two shores of the Bas-Saint-Laurent except the Gaspé district". The authors, however, write that Taché preferred most of the time to use more precise and well-known references, like the counties of Montmorency and Rimouski. Even if

2805-497: The Canadian New Brunswick and the regions of Chaudière-Appalaches and Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine . It had a population of 199,039 and a land area of 22,188.19 km (8,566.91 sq mi) as of the 2021 census . The territory has evidence of human occupation since the Pleistocene by successive indigenous peoples. The historic First Nations occupied it all until European colonisation started in

2890-529: The Gaspé belt is the remnant of a second mountain formation during Siluro - Devonian times. Around 430 million years ago, the Taconic mountains eroded and created sediments that deposited at a shallow depth. As Laurentia and the micro-continent Avalonia deformed and raised the sedimentary deposits and volcanic rocks and created a second chain of mountains, the Acadian Chain, which superposes itself on

2975-504: The Gaspésie National Park. The largest protected areas of the region are those protected by the confinement areas of the white-tailed deer . Just these protected areas cover nearly 80% of the protected area of the region. Bas-Saint-Laurent contains about 27% of the protected areas of this designation. The second largest designation by superficy are the protected areas devoted to the protection of aquatic birds, of which

3060-480: The Great Barrier Reef showed high survival rates (97%+), for released fish if handled correctly and particularly if caught on artificial baits such as lures. Fish caught on lures are usually hooked cleanly in the mouth, minimizing injury and aiding release. Other studies have shown somewhat lower survival rates for fish gut-hooked on bait if the line is cut and the fish is released without trying to remove

3145-588: The Precambrian bedrock under the Logan line and the Appalachian Mountains , at a variable depth between 30 km (19 mi) deep and the surface Another seismic area located in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence , in a triangle between the towns of Matane , Baie-Comeau and Sept-Îles . However, this seismic area is less active than the one uphill, as only an average of sixty earthquakes occur each year and has not had

3230-474: The RCM of Rimouski-Neigette . The two largest lakes of the region are Lake Témiscouata (66.82 km (25.80 sq mi)) and Lake Matapedia (38.07 km  [14.70 sq mi]), significant human settlement on their shore has taken place, as well as along the roads going through their valleys. These lakes also distinguish themselves by their north west and south west orientation, compared to most of

3315-663: The Saint Lawrence River to the northwest, the Notre Dame Mountains section of the Appalachians, as well as the Matapédia and Témiscouata valleys, which forms the natural communication corridors with the Gaspé Peninsula , the state of Maine in the United States, and the Maritimes . The region takes its name from the Saint Lawrence River, a waterway that has a central role in the history of Quebec and forms

3400-586: The South side of Matapedia Lake and going to the South, the route 132 along the river goes on its entire length by the East bank. The Canadian National Railway passes South of Matapedia Lake continues on the West bank of the river in Causapscal where the bridge at South of the village made the railway cross on the East bank. The track then continues South on 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi); then passes again in

3485-693: The Taconic Chain. The estuary of the Saint Lawrence river in front of the Charlevoix region is one of the most active seismic regions in the east of Canada. Five earthquakes of a magnitude superior to 6 have occurred in history, in February 1663, December 1791, October 1860, October 1870 and February 1925. The distribution of these earthquakes indicates a concentration in the estuary, near La Malbaie and Rivière-du-Loup . Surveys and

Matapedia River - Misplaced Pages Continue

3570-555: The United Kingdom, catch and release has been performed for more than a century by coarse fishermen in order to prevent target species from disappearing in heavily fished waters. Since the latter part of the 20th century, many salmon and sea trout rivers have been converted to complete or partial catch and release. In Scotland, the River Dee operates a full catch and release policy for salmon, grilse and sea trout. In

3655-451: The United States, catch and release was first introduced as a management tool in the state of Michigan in 1952 as an effort to reduce the cost of stocking hatchery -raised trout. Anglers fishing for fun rather than for food accepted the idea of releasing the fish while fishing in "no-kill" zones. Conservationists have advocated catch and release as a way to ensure sustainability and to avoid overfishing of fish stocks . Lee Wulff ,

3740-682: The West Bank via the railway bridge located at 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) North of the confluence of the creek Doyle. The railway then rest on the West bank up to the railway bridge at the confluence of the Rivière du Moulin (Matapedia River)  [ fr ] . From there, the last railway segment passes through the Eastern shore, up to the confluence of the Matapedia River. Matapedia Lake becomes Matapedia River at Amqui , where it

3825-571: The criteria for animal pain." A 2014 paper provides a critique of existing studies that purport to demonstrate that fish feel pain. James D. Rose of the University of Wyoming argues this may demonstrate a chemical sensitivity rather than pain and that the evidence for pain sensation in fish is ambiguous. A metastudy in 2005 found that the average catch and release mortality rate was 18%, but varied greatly by species. During an Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation study, up to 43 percent of fish released after being caught died within six days as

3910-590: The development of the UN FAO Technical Guidelines for Recreational Fisheries. Effective catch and release fishing techniques avoid excessive fish fighting and handling times by using sufficiently strong tackle and barbless hooks, avoid damage to fish skin, scale and slime layers from nets, dry hands and dry, hot or rough surfaces (that leave fish vulnerable to oomycete skin infections), and avoid damage to jaw ligaments and vertebrae by suspending fish from jaws or gills for weighing or handling. If

3995-520: The establishment of a seismometer network were conducted in the 1970s and allowed to circumscribe the seismically active area in an area of 30 km (19 mi) on 85 km (53 mi) along the Saint Lawrence River, this zone includes the towns of La Malbaie, Baie-Saint-Paul and La Pocatière . The seismic data indicates that an earthquake happens on average every 36 hours in the Charlevoix-Kamouraska zone. They are concentrated in

4080-671: The fine stripe of land along the Saint Lawrence river . These are separated by an intermediate area of ridges and foothills which meld with the plateaus. The Notre Dame Mountains, are a group of small mountains with summits reaching between 600 and 700 m (2,000 and 2,300 ft) high. the landscape is sometimes interrupted by valleys, like the Témiscouata valley or Matapedia Valley . These two parallel valleys allow access to The Maritimes , Maine and Chaleur Bay . The littoral, spanning across 320 km (200 mi)

4165-547: The forested area of the region. It is mainly located in the centre of Bas-Saint-Laurent between Rivière-du-Loup and Rimouski . The main species of trees within it are the golden birch, balsam fir , white spruce, red spruce and the cedar , as well as rarer quaking aspens, paper birches, balsam poplars and mountain maple . However, a more profound analysis of the composition of the forests of Bas-Saint-Laurent allows to shed light on which trees grow at which elevations, type of soils and latitudes. Miroslav Grandtner categorized

4250-399: The forests of Bas-Saint-Laurent. Many species of birds live along the estuary of Saint Lawrence . The Canada goose , snow goose and brant do a halt in the tidal marshes located along the litoral between La Pocatière and Pointe-au-Père . Diverse types of duck are present, like the American black duck , Northern pintail , two types of surface duck. Diving ducks are represented by

4335-535: The height of a covered bridge. The mouth of the Lake Matapedia is located at: From the mouth of the Matapedia Lake , Matapedia River flows over 87.7 kilometres (54.5 mi) as follow: Higher Courses of the river (segment of 28.5 kilometres (17.7 mi)) Lower course of the river (segment of 59.2 kilometres (36.8 mi)) The confluence of the Matapedia River flows on the north bank of

SECTION 50

#1732783135454

4420-514: The hook. Opponents of catch and release argue that fish are highly evolved vertebrates that share many of the same neurological structures that in humans are associated with pain perception . They cite studies showing that, neurologically, fish are quite similar to higher vertebrates and that blood chemistry reveals that hormones and blood metabolites associated with stress are quite high in fish struggling against hook and line. The idea that fish do not feel pain in their mouths has been studied at

4505-632: The land devoted to agriculture covers 2,819 km (1,088 sq mi), while developed areas represent only 143 km (55 sq mi), which equals to 0.5% of the total land area of the region. Even if an isolated area of Cambrian and Precambrian rocks exist in an area of the Chic-Choc Mountains , the region belongs generally to the geologic province of the Appalachian Mountains , which covers an area of 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi), between Alabama and Newfoundland . The marks of two episodes of mountain-building ,

4590-460: The late 17th century; France made land concessions to settlers under the Seigneurial system of New France to encourage colonization. However, development of this region was slow until it started to exploit its mixed forests. Settlement gradually developed further inland, on the littoral, and since the late 20th century a leisure and recreation industry has developed. Its geography is marked by

4675-477: The layout of the administrative areas of Bas-Saint-Laurent, by setting limits to some regional county municipalities. The largest drainage basins of the region are located in the south of the territory. These are the drainage basins of the Matapedia River (3,328 km  [1,285 sq mi]) and Madawaska River (2,861 km  [1,105 sq mi]). Ranking third, the drainage basin of

4760-598: The least populous RCM of the region is Les Basques , with only 9,000 inhabitants in 2011, a number which decreased by 1,300 since 1996, making it also the RCM with the highest annual rate of population decrease of the region, with a rate of 9.6% between 2006 and 2011. Forested areas and waterways dominate the land use of Bas-Saint-Laurent. The region counts 100,071 km (38,638 sq mi) of mixed forests , 4,918 km (1,899 sq mi) of coniferous forests and 6,177 km (3,838 mi) of waterways. Humid lands only covers 58 km (22 sq mi) and

4845-409: The mouth, but observed that they did reduce mortalities compared to barbed hooks if fish were hooked deeper. The study also suggested bait fishing does not have a significantly higher mortality when utilized in an active style, rather than a passive manner that allows the fish to swallow the bait. The effects of catch and release vary from species to species. A study of fish caught in shallow water on

4930-542: The name of native fish conservation, they began mandatory kill regulations on rainbow and brook trout in the Lamar River drainage and encouraged unlimited taking and disposal of non-native species, including brown trout in some park waters. Into the 21st century, there has been an emphasis on the development and refinement of science-based practices to increase the likelihood that released fish will survive (e.g., see research by Steven J. Cooke ). That work led to

5015-494: The name of the region was present on a map made in 1863 by Stanislas Drapeau, it took time to settle in; the expression "le Bas du Fleuve" being preferred. With the settlement of Témiscouata and la Matapédia , the name start imposing itself between 1920 and 1960, when a number of enterprises and organisms of the region delimitated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rimouski and Rivière-du-Loup , like

5100-540: The northern border of the region. The name of the river, and by extension the region, has a hagiotoponymic origin originating from the baye sainct Laurens named by Jacques Cartier , originating from the date of discovery being 10 August 1535, day of the festival of Saint Lawrence in the Christian martyrology . The name of the bay was used again to describe the river when the Narration , his report of his expedition,

5185-400: The other lakes of the region which prefer to follow the orientation of the creases and breaks of the Appalachian Mountains. Bas-Saint-Laurent, like the rest of Quebec, is a Nordic American territory. The Quebecois geographer Louis-Edmond Hamelin categorized the region in his pre-north area, second of the five zones of his map of nordicity zones. The oceanic influence of the estuary of

SECTION 60

#1732783135454

5270-446: The practice slowly became more widespread in the 1970s and 1980s. Catch and release is now widely used to conserve—and indeed is critical in conserving—vulnerable fish species like the large, long lived native freshwater Murray Cod and the prized, slowly growing, heavily fished Australian bass , heavily fished coastal species like Dusky Flathead and prized gamefish like striped marlin . In Ireland, catch and release has been used as

5355-431: The region in third place, Mauricie (47.2). Catch and release Catch and release is a practice within recreational fishing where after capture, often a fast measurement and weighing of the fish is performed, followed by posed photography as proof of the catch , and then the fish are unhooked and returned live to the water. Using barbless hooks , it is often possible to release the fish without removing it from

5440-401: The region lives in two RCMs , Rimouski-Neigette (55,364 inhabitants in 2011) and Rivière-du-Loup (34,326 inhabitants in 2011). Since 1951, the region has seen its population stagnate or slightly decline. This is due to two opposing factors, the decline of rural areas and the reinforcement of urban areas, like Rimouski and Rivière-du-Loup. The share of these two towns alone went from 16% of

5525-427: The region. On land, the eider appears around 18,000 BP and a mastodon closely related to the mammoth inhabited the area before disappearing 8000 years ago. Today, the region is dominated by the big game moose , white-tailed deer and black bear . The small game is composed of the ruffed grouse , the spruce grouse and snowshoe hare . The muskrat , North American beaver and red fox are also usual sights in

5610-528: The river continues on until the New Brunswick border, where it empties into the Restigouche River . The Lake Matapedia (length: 22.0 kilometres (13.7 mi); height: 158 metres (518 ft)) is the head of water of the Matapedia River. This water plan 38 kilometres (23.61 mi) is located in the municipality Matapedia Lake , in Notre Dame Mountains . Its mouth is located in the Southeast to

5695-412: The river's most productive and fertile years (generally considered to be between 1890 and 1960), it was a destination for the wealthy and famous from around the world, including Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany and Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll , American presidents Nixon and Carter , British royalty, and numerous Hollywood stars. The Matapedia is a world-renowned Atlantic salmon fishing river and

5780-412: The south west end of the region, the littoral stripe before Rivère-du-Loup and the medium plateau in the golden birch forest, the high plateau as part of the paper birch forest, and finally, the Chic-Choc Mountains as part of the white spruce forest. The fauna of Bas-Saint-Laurent is similar to the one found in other parts of Quebec and has a relatively poor diversity in species. The glacial episodes of

5865-410: The strong natality and a reduction of child mortality, the inhabited area of Bas-Saint-Laurent has declined over the last 50 years. This observation is not unique to the region however, as the population living on the south shore of the estuary, in the regions of Côte-du-Sud, Bas-Saint-Laurent and Gaspésie , has dropped from 9.3 to 5.4% of the total population of Quebec between 1951 and 1991. This decline

5950-622: The subduction. The two collided 450 million years ago and formed a chain of immature mountains, the Taconic Mountains , their nappe covers a part of the Saint Lawrence Lowlands . This first zone, which follows the river today, is known as Humber's zone. Dating from the Ordovician , this bedrock is composed primarily of sedimentary rocks  : sandstone , mudrocks and conglomerates . South of this zone,

6035-465: The sudden pressure change when wound to the surface from great depths; these species cannot adjust their body's physiology quickly enough to follow the pressure change. The result is called " barotrauma ". Fish with barotrauma will have their enormously swollen swim-bladder protruding from their mouth, bulging eyeballs, and often sustain other, more subtle but still very serious injuries. Upon release, fish with barotrauma will be unable to swim or dive due to

6120-455: The swollen swim-bladder. The common practice has been to deflate the swim bladder by pricking it with a thin sharp object before attempting to release the fish. Emerging research also indicates both barotrauma and the practice of deflating the swimbladder are both highly damaging to fish, and that survival rates of caught-and-released deep-sea fish are extremely low. Barotrauma requires that fish be caught at least 10–15 m (30–50 ft) below

6205-512: The temperature variations between winter and summer as "brutal". During the winter, which lasts for five months, the cold freezes the lakes and rivers and transforms the estuary into a "vast prairie of ice". The oceanic influence, while it mitigates the cold of the winters, cools the summers. The average temperature in July in Rimouski inferior by 4 degrees to the one recorded in Quebec. To this,

6290-510: The territory is composed of golden birch trees, an Ecotone marking the transition between the temperate nordique area and the boreal area. It is located mainly in the highest part of the Appalachian plateau. The main species of trees within it are the paper birch, the balsam fir , and the white spruce, as well as rarer quaking aspens and jack pines . The second forest in superficy is composed of primarily golden birch, and covers 35% of

6375-573: The territory of these Quebec municipalities: The river exceeded its target for salmon management in 2018, and in July 2018 the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks announced that in August anglers could keep their catch of one large salmon 63 centimetres (25 in) or longer in the Gros Mécatina , Napetipi , Saint-Paul , Vieux Fort and Matapedia rivers. From downstream to upstream, from

6460-547: The total population of the region in 1951 to 34% in 2001. The new importance of these urban centres explain the fact that only their RCMs have had a population increase between 1951 and 2001. Opposite to these, RCMs devoid of a strong urban centre, like La Matapédia , Témiscouata and Les Basques , have been the RCMs where the population has dropped the most in the region. Accounting for the population decrease observed since 1951, even when Quebec's population has increased by 82%, it

6545-506: The upper portions of the river. Limited-access salmon fishing, generally with outfitters or guides to the most productive salmon pools is made available to the public via a special annual lottery. There are still many private fishing camps on the banks of the lower river, such as Cold Springs, Glen Emma, Runnymeade Lodge, Restigouche Salmon Club and the Tobique, most of them owned by businessmen and large corporations. Matapédia River crosses

6630-473: The water (a slack line is frequently sufficient). Catch and release is a conservation practice developed to prevent overharvest of fish stocks in the face of growing human populations, mounting ecological pressure, increasingly effective fishing tackle and techniques, inadequate fishing regulations and enforcement, and habitat degradation. Sports fishers have been practicing catch and release for decades, including with some highly pressured fish species. In

6715-772: The water, and the hook(s) effortlessly slipped out with a single flick of the pliers or leader. Barbless hooks can be purchased from several major manufacturers or can be created from a standard hook by crushing the barb(s) flat with needle-nosed pliers. Some anglers avoid barbless hooks because of the belief that too many fish will escape. Concentrating on keeping the line tight at all times while fighting fish, equipping lures that do not have them with split rings, and using recurved point or "Triple Grip" style hooks on lures, will keep catch rates with barbless hooks as high as those achieved with barbed hooks. One study looking at brook trout found that barbless hooks had no statistically significant effect on mortality rates when fish were hooked in

6800-533: The western part of the territory, this littoral plain is interrupted by inselbergs , ridges reaching that can reach 200m in height, typical of the riverside land of Bas-Saint-Laurent In the Quaternary , the region was marked by glaciation. the Wisconsin glaciation caused the crust to sink by 200 m (660 ft) in the vicinity of Rimouski . When the end of the glaciation started in 18,000 BP, it opened

6885-434: The wind of the north west adds humidity and cold. Rainfall is abundant and consistent throughout the year. The region currently receives annually 800 to 1,200 mm (31 to 47 in) of rainfall, of which between 250 and 360 cm (98 and 142 in) is snow. The oceanic influence is less present inland, where slightly warmer temperatures in the summer and slightly colder in the winter are recorded. Bas-Saint-Laurent

6970-423: The withdrawal of the water formed a number of narrow streaks of emerged land near the riverside between Rivière-du-Loup and Rimouski , known today as Île aux Lièvres , Île Verte , île aux Basques , île du Bic and île Saint-Barnabé . The estuary of the Saint Lawrence river , to the north of the region, plays a primary role in the region. It is divided in two regions split at Cacouna : west of Cacouna, it

7055-562: The world, which makes it a location of considerable marine biodiversity. It is the only park administered in Canada by both the Government of Quebec and Government of Canada . Three other parks, ecological reserves, more restricted protected areas, are located in the centre of the region, the reserves of Fernald , Charles-B.-Banville and Irène-Fournier . At the same level of protection, there are six floristic parks, most of them within

7140-565: Was given the title "The Fishing Capital of the World" due to the abundance of large, healthy, bright salmon. The Atlantic salmon is mainly a fly fishing only, " catch and release " species; and salmon fishing in this area is highly regulated by the Province of Quebec, with special daily permits and licenses required. It is recommended to inquire in the village of Matapedia for information on permits and guides. Public waters are available to anglers in

7225-412: Was translated to Spanish and Italian, and definitively fixed by its use in the world map of cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569, according to historian Marcel Trudel . The name "Bas-Saint-Laurent", however, only appeared much later. In their Histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent , the historians Fortin and Lechasseur assert that the relation with the Saint Lawrence grew with the population of the region in

#453546