Misplaced Pages

#976023

27-544: Franciscan Friar Francisco Alvarez Villanueva mention in 1780 Maullín River as the limit between the Spanish possessions and the " Cunco nation " to the north. The river was first explored extensively in 1856 and 1857 by the Chilean Navy officers Francisco Hudson and Francisco Vidal Gormaz . The area around Llanquihue Lake was settled in the second half of the 19th century by German immigrants , who received land from

54-577: A complex system intermarried families or clans with local allegiance. The details of the identity of the Cuncos is not fully clear. José Bengoa defines "Cunco" as a category of indigenous Mapuche-Huilliche people in southern Chile used by the Spanish in colonial times . The Spanish referred to them as indios cuncos . Eugenio Alcamán cautions that the term "Cunco" in Spanish documents may not correspond to an ethnic group since they were defined, like other denominations for indigenous groups, chiefly on

81-476: A failure as Mapuches who were expected to aid the Spanish as Indian auxiliaries according to the Parliament of Boroa did not support the Spanish expedition. While away from Valdivia hostile local Mapuches killed twelve Spanish. The expedition from Valdivia soon ran out of supplies and decided to return to Valdivia without having confronted the Cuncos. The expedition from Carelmapu was more successful reaching

108-525: A lesser degree vegetation also vary towards the foothills of the Andes and the Chilean Coastal Range. From Santiago to Linares thorny woodlands of Acacia caven are dominant. In Ñuble Region two sclerophyll vegetation types cover the territory. These are the associations of Lithrea caustica – Peumus boldus and Quillaja saponiana – Fabiana imbricata . From Bío Bío River to

135-633: Is no proper Central Valley , only a few narrow north–south depressions that align with geological faults . In the northern section of the central valley vegetation is extremely scarce as result of conditions of extreme aridity in Atacama Desert . Only to the south in Atacama Region does a Chilean Matorral vegetation exist. The northern portion of the matorral is made up by the Nolana leptophylla – Cistanthe salsoloides association while

162-501: The Destruction of Osorno the Cuncos had bad relations with the Spanish settlements of Calbuco and Carelmapu formed by exiles from Osorno and loyalist Indians . Indeed, the area between Reloncaví Sound and Maipué River was depopulated as a consequence of this conflict that not only included warfare but slave raiding too. On March 21, 1651, Spanish ship San José aimed to the newly re-established Spanish city of Valdivia

189-633: The Central Valley is known as Pampa del Tamarugal . Contrary to the Pampitas valleys descending from the Andes do not incise the plains but merge into the surface of Pampa del Tamarugal at a height of c . 1500 m. The westernmost portion of Pampa del Tamarugal has a height of 600 m. This western part contain a series of raised areas called pampas and basins containing salt flats . Interconnecting basins are important corridors for communication and transport in northern Chile. South of Loa River

216-414: The Central Valley re-appears in the south to extend into Osorno and Puerto Montt (41°30' S). This southern section is 190 km long from north to south. The Central Valley south of Bío Bío River has been influenced by volcanism and past glaciations giving origin to the ñadis and moraines that cover parts of the valley. The natural vegetation of the central section vary from north to south. To

243-401: The Cuncos as inhabiting the area between Valdivia and Chiloé. Tapping on Febrés work Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro writes that Cuncos inhabit the mainland north of Chiloé Archipelago as far north as to limit with "Araucanian barbarians" (Mapuche from Araucanía ). Hervás y Panduro list them as one of three "Chilean barbarians" groups inhabiting the territory between latitudes 36° S and 41° S,

270-486: The Cuncos distinguished themselves from the nearby Huilliches of the plains and the southern Cuncos of Maullín and Chiloé Archipelago by their staunch resistance to Spanish rule. That the Cuncos were a distinct group is also shown, according to Urbina, by the fact that the colonial Spanish also considered them the most barbarian of the southern Mapuche groups and that the Cuncos and (non-Cunco) Huilliche considered themselves different. Jesuit Andrés Febrés mentions

297-667: The Cuncos settled in Chiloé Island in Pre-Hispanic times as consequence of a push from more northern Huilliches who in turn were being displaced by Mapuches . The indigenous inhabitants of the northern half of Chiloé Island, of Mapuche culture, are variously referred as Cunco, Huilliche or Veliche . The lands of the Cunco were described in colonial sources as rainy and rich in swamps , rivers, streams with thick forests with stout and tall trees. Flat and cleared terrain

SECTION 10

#1732772685977

324-575: The Parliament of Boroa. The indios cuncos were the subject of Juan de Salazar 's failed slave raid in 1654 that ended in a Spanish defeat at the Battle of Río Bueno . This battle served as catalyst for the devastating Mapuche uprising of 1655 . Albeit the Cuncos had occasional conflicts with the Spanish from Valdivia as in the 1650s and 1750s , over-all relations towards the Spanish of Calbuco, Carelmapu and Chiloé were more hostile. Indeed,

351-592: The Spanish at the Parliament of Las Canoas . Chilean Central Valley The Central Valley ( Spanish : Valle Central ), Intermediate Depression , or Longitudinal Valley is the depression between the Chilean Coastal Range and the Andes Mountains. The Chilean Central Valley extends from the border with Peru to Puerto Montt in southern Chile, with a notable interruption at Norte Chico (27°20'–33°00' S). South of Puerto Montt

378-619: The Spanish in Valdivia were able to slowly advance their positions by trade and land purchases in the second half of the 18th century. Eventually Spanish domains reached all the way from Valdivia to Bueno River . Amidst a period of renewed conflict in 1770 the Spanish destroyed a road the Cuncos had built from Punta Galera to Corral to attack the Spanish. Following a devastating raid of Tomás de Figueroa through Futahuillimapu in 1792, Cunco apo ülmen Paylapan ( Paill’apangi ) sent messengers ( wesrkin ) to participate in negotiations with

405-474: The basis of the territory they inhabited. Ximena Urbina stresses that the differences between the southern Mapuche groups are poorly known but that their customs and language appear to have been the same. The Cuncos, she claims, are ethnically and culturally significantly more distant from the Araucanian Mapuche than neighboring (non-Cunco) Huilliches. Urbina also notes that the core group of

432-479: The government in a scheme to encourage settlement in this area. This Los Lagos Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Chile is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cunco people Cuncos , Juncos or Cunches is a poorly known subgroup of Huilliche people native to coastal areas of southern Chile and

459-539: The nearby inland. Mostly a historic term, Cuncos are chiefly known for their long-running conflict with the Spanish during the colonial era of Chilean history . Cuncos cultivated maize , potatoes and quinoa and raised chilihueques . Their economy was complemented by travels during spring and summer to the coast where they gathered shellfish and hunted sea lions . They were said to live in large rukas . Cuncos were organized in small local chiefdoms forming

486-436: The north: Santiago Basin and Rancagua Basin. The valley runs an un-interrupted length of 360 km from Angostura de Pelequén in the north to Bío Bío River (37°40' S) in the south. It broadens from 12 km at Molina (35°05' S) in the north to 74 km in the south at Laja (37°15' S) the relief being gently undulating. Conglomerate of Andean provenance cover large swathes of the Central Valley being less common to

513-728: The other being the Araucanians and Huilliche . The Cuncos lived in the Chilean Coast Range and its foothills. Proper Huilliches lived east of them in the flatlands of the Central Valley . There are differing views on the southern extent of the Cunco lands, some accounts mention the Maullín River as the limit while other say the Cuncos inhabited the land all the way to the middle of Chiloé Island . A theory postulated by chronicler José Pérez García holds

540-410: The site of abandoned city of Osorno . Here the Spanish were approached by Huilliches who gave them three caciques who were allegedly involved in the looting and murder of the wrecked Spanish. Governor of Chile Antonio de Acuña Cabrera planned a new Spanish punitive expedition against the Cuncos but was dissuaded by Jesuits who warned him that any large military assault would endanger the accords of

567-489: The south Nothofagus obliqua becomes the dominant tree species. Only Llanquihue Lake and the Puerto Montt area are exceptions to this being respectively dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi – Eucryphia cordifolia and Nothofagus nitida – Podocarpus nubigena . South of Puerto Montt the continuation of the Central Valley is made up of a series of marine basins including Reloncaví Sound , Gulf of Ancud , and

SECTION 20

#1732772685977

594-475: The southern half by the Skytanthus acutus – Atriplex deserticola association. The main portion the Central Valley extends from Tiltil (33°05' S) near Santiago to Temuco (38°45' S). The Coast Range and the Andes almost merge in two locations: one between Santiago and Rancagua and another between San Fernando and Rengo . The result is the enclosure of the Central Valley into two smaller basins in

621-573: The valley continues, flanked by Cordillera Domeyko to east, until it is ends at the latitude of Taltal (25°17' S). It re-appears around Chañaral (26°20' S) as an isolated basin surrounded by mountains and hills. This 250 km long and up to 70 km wide basin is called Pampa Ondulada or Pampa Austral. As the Pampa Ondulada is extinguished at Copiapó River (27°20' S) in the Norte Chico region running south of this river there

648-498: The valley has a continuation as a series of marine basins up to the isthmus of Ofqui . Some of Chile's most populous cities lie within the valley including Santiago , Temuco , Rancagua , Talca and Chillán . In northernmost Chile the central valley is made up of the Pampitas, a series of small flats dissected by deep valleys. Immediately south of the Pampitas, in Tarapacá Region and northern of Antofagasta Region ,

675-535: The west near the Coast Range. Occasionally the valley contains isolated hills and mountains made up of basement rocks. At the latitudes of Temuco the Coast Range is subdued to such degree the Central Valley coalesces with the coastal plains. In the 110 km between Gorbea and Paillaco ( c . 39–40° S) the Central Valley is inexistent as the region is instead crossed by a series of east–west mountainous ridges and broad fluvial valleys. South of this region

702-525: Was pushed by storms into coasts inhabited by the Cuncos south of Valdivia. There the ship ran aground and while most of the crew managed to survive the wreck nearby Cuncos killed them and took possession of the valuable cargo. The Spanish made fruitless efforts to recover anything left in wreck. Two punitive expeditions were assembled one started in Valdivia advancing south and the other in Carelmapu advancing north. The expedition from Valdivia turned into

729-453: Was scarce and local roads very narrow and of poor quality. The Cuncos should not be confused with Cuncos from the locality of Cunco further north. Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro mention the language of cuncos as an accent or dialect similar to "Chiloense", the language of the indigenous people of Chiloé Archipelago , asserting the languages of Huilliches, Cuncos, Pehuenches and Araucanians (Mapuche) were mutually intelligible. Ever since

#976023