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75-570: The Mauna Kea Beach Hotel was developed and constructed by Laurance S. Rockefeller . He visited the newly-admitted 50th state in July 1960, and was asked by Governor William F. Quinn to help develop the islands beyond Oahu for tourism. Rockefeller fell in love with Kaunaoa Bay , the hotel's future location, after going for a swim there. He secured a 99-year lease on the 500-acre location from Parker Ranch owner Richard Smart in August 1961. The hotel

150-531: A director at J. P. Morgan 's U.S. Steel company, which had been formed in 1901. Junior resigned from both companies in 1910 in an attempt to "purify" his ongoing philanthropy from commercial and financial interests after the Hearst media empire unearthed a bribery scandal involving John Dustin Archbold (the successor to Senior as head of Standard Oil) and two prominent members of Congress. In September 1913,

225-519: A dozen courses in the social sciences, including a study of Karl Marx 's Das Kapital . He joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa . After graduation from Brown, Rockefeller joined his father's business in October 1897, setting up operations in the newly formed family office at 26 Broadway where he became a director of Standard Oil. He later also became

300-806: A favorite resort today for celebrities), some property of which was later turned over to the Virgin Islands National Park; in Puerto Rico , on Virgin Gorda in the British Virgin Islands , and Hawaii, contributing to the movement now known as eco-tourism. The last of these, the Mauna Kea Beach Hotel , was established in 1965 on the Kohala Coast of the island of Hawaii. Its most noted general manager

375-894: A gift to endow a major library for the League in Geneva which today still remains a resource for the UN. A confirmed ecumenicist , over the years he gave substantial sums to Protestant and Baptist institutions, ranging from the Interchurch World Movement , the Federal Council of Churches, the Union Theological Seminary , the Cathedral of St. John the Divine , New York's Riverside Church , and

450-560: A heart attack at the family apartment at 740 Park Avenue in April 1948. Junior remarried in 1951, to Martha Baird , the widow of his old college classmate Arthur Allen. His sons, the five Rockefeller brothers, established an extensive network of social connections and institutional power over time, based on the foundations that Junior – and before him Senior – had laid down. David became a prominent banker, philanthropist and world statesman. Abby and John III became philanthropists. Laurance became

525-470: A lawyer. On August 22, 1934, in Woodstock, Vermont, Laurance married childhood friend Mary French , whose mother, Mary Montagu Billings French , was a friend of Laurance's mother. When brother Nelson attended Dartmouth College , he shared a room with Mary's brother. Mary was granddaughter of Frederick H. Billings , a president of Northern Pacific Railway . Laurance and Mary had three daughters and

600-465: A party aboard President William McKinley 's yacht, the USS Dolphin , on a cruise to Cuba . Although the outing was of a political nature, Rockefeller's future wife, philanthropist and socialite Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich , was included in the large party. The two had first met in the fall of 1894 and had been courting for over four years. Rockefeller married Abby on October 9, 1901, in what

675-509: A quick tour of the city. The upshot of his visit was that he approved the plans already developed by Goodwin and launched the massive historical restoration of Colonial Williamsburg on November 22, 1927. Amongst many other buildings restored through his largesse was The College of William & Mary's Wren Building and the Episcopalian Bruton Parish Church . In 1940, Rockefeller hosted Bill Wilson , one of

750-643: A responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty". In 1935, Rockefeller received The Hundred Year Association of New York 's Gold Medal Award, "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." He was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1943. In August 1900, Rockefeller was invited by the powerful senator Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich of Rhode Island to join

825-796: A sister hotel was opened on the property, the Hapuna Beach Prince Hotel, also designed by Wimberly Allison Tong and Goo. The Mauna Kea Beach Hotel reopened in January 1996. From 1996-2001 the Prince Hotels in Hawaii and Alaska were all franchised to Westin Hotels, and the hotel rejoined the chain for five years as The Westin Mauna Kea Beach Hotel. The Mauna Kea Beach Hotel closed due to structural damage caused by

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900-694: A son. They are Laura Rockefeller Chasin , Marion Rockefeller Weber , Dr. Lucy R. Waletzky , and Laurance S. "Larry" Rockefeller Jr. He had eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. In 1937, he inherited his grandfather's seat on the New York Stock Exchange . He served as founding trustee of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund for forty-two years, from its inception in 1940 to 1982; during this time he also served as president (1958–1968) and later its chairman (1968–1980) for twenty-two years, longer than any other leader in

975-528: A supporter of the Christian faith." He was at the time being advised by the pioneer public relations expert, Ivy Lee , and William Lyon Mackenzie King . Lee warned that the Rockefellers were losing public support and developed a strategy that Junior followed to repair it. It was necessary for Junior to overcome his shyness, go personally to Colorado to meet with the miners and their families, inspect

1050-732: A venture capitalist and conservationist. Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller later became state governors ; Nelson went on to serve as Vice President of the United States under President Gerald Ford . Rockefeller died of pneumonia on May 11, 1960, at the age of 86 in Tucson, Arizona, and was interred in the family cemetery in Tarrytown , with 40 family members present. From 1901 to 1913, Junior lived at 13 West 54th Street in New York. Afterward, Junior's principal residence in New York

1125-515: The 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake . After a $ 150 million renovation, the hotel reopened in March 2009, with a soft reopening on December 20, 2008. The hotel joined Marriott 's Autograph Collection Hotels division in 2015. It was also inducted into Historic Hotels of America , the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, in 2016. The golf course is featured as part of

1200-463: The Browning School , a tutorial establishment set up for him and other children of associates of the family; it was located in a brownstone owned by the Rockefellers, on West 55th Street . His father John Sr. and uncle William Rockefeller Jr. co-founded Standard Oil together. Initially, he had intended to go to Yale University but was encouraged by William Rainey Harper , president of

1275-627: The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming . It was accepted by Vice President Dick Cheney on behalf of the Federal government (see External Links below). A partial list of Rockefeller's more notable conservation-related memberships: Mary Rockefeller died in 1997, at the age of 86. Following his wife Mary's death, Rockefeller returned to New York. He died in his sleep of natural cause by pulmonary fibrosis on July 11, 2004, at

1350-600: The League of Nations and crucially funded the formation and ongoing expenses of the Council on Foreign Relations and its initial headquarters building in New York in 1921. He established the Bureau of Social Hygiene in 1913, a major initiative that investigated such social issues as prostitution and venereal disease , as well as studies in police administration and support for birth control clinics and research. In 1924, at

1425-805: The Rockefeller Family Fund , he established the UFO Disclosure Initiative to the Clinton White House . They asked for all UFO information held by the government, including from the CIA and the US Air Force , to be declassified and released to the public. The first and most important test case where declassification had to apply, according to Rockefeller, was the Roswell UFO incident . In September 1994,

1500-606: The Snake River Land Company ), Mesa Verde National Park , Acadia , Great Smoky Mountains , Yosemite , and Shenandoah . In the case of Acadia National Park, he financed and engineered an extensive Carriage Road network throughout the park. Both the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway that connects Yellowstone National Park to the Grand Teton National Park and the Rockefeller Memorial in

1575-777: The United Mine Workers of America declared a strike against the Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I) company in what would become the Colorado Coalfield War . Junior owned a controlling interest in CF&;I (40% of its stock) and sat on the board as an absentee director. In April 1914, after a long period of industrial unrest, the Ludlow Massacre occurred at a tent camp occupied by striking miners. At least 20 men, women, and children died in

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1650-675: The University of Chicago , among others, to enter the Baptist-oriented Brown University instead. Nicknamed "Johnny Rock" by his roommates, he joined both the Glee and the Mandolin clubs, taught a Bible class, and was elected junior class president. Scrupulously careful with money, he stood out as different from other rich men's sons. In 1897, he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, after taking nearly

1725-527: The World Council of Churches . He was also instrumental in the development of the research that led to Robert and Helen Lynd's famous Middletown studies work that was conducted in the city of Muncie, Indiana , that arose out of the financially supported Institute of Social and Religious Research. As a follow on to his involvement in the Ludlow Massacre , Rockefeller was a major initiator with his close friend and advisor William Lyon Mackenzie King in

1800-580: The trade winds , although rooms had air conditioning available. Hotels with similar designs would be built along the Kohala coast over the next decades. The interior design was conceived by Davis Allen of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, with the assistance of Margo Grant Walsh . It included traditional textiles, carvings, metal and ceramic objects from Hawai'i, the Pacific Islands, and Southeast Asia. Richard Joseph, Esquire 's travel writer, likened

1875-580: The " Rockefeller Drug Laws " that his older brother, Nelson, championed. He wrote to the New York Times in June 2002, "Overly harsh laws and punishments have reduced faith in government, which is essential to the functioning of a democracy." In later life, Rockefeller became interested in UFOs . In 1993, along with his niece, Anne Bartley, the stepdaughter of Winthrop Rockefeller and the then-president of

1950-663: The 1920s, he also donated a substantial amount towards the restoration and rehabilitation of major buildings in France after World War I , such as the Reims Cathedral , the Château de Fontainebleau and the Château de Versailles , for which in 1936 he was awarded France's highest decoration, the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur , which also was awarded decades later to his son David Rockefeller. He also liberally funded

2025-693: The Air Force categorically denied the incident was UFO-related. Rockefeller briefed Clinton on the results of his initiative in 1995. Clinton did produce an Executive Order in late 1994 to declassify numerous documents in the National Archives, but this did not specifically refer to UFO-related files. Laurence Rockefeller funded the UK's largest crop circle (pictograms) survey. He was noted for his involvement in conservation ( Lady Bird Johnson in 1967 labeled him "America's leading conservationist") and

2100-626: The Fund's history. He was also a founding trustee of the Rockefeller Family Fund from 1967 to 1977. He was a leading figure in the pioneering field of venture capital , founding a joint partnership with all five brothers and their only sister, Babs, in 1946. In 1969 this became the successful Venrock Associates , which provided important early funding for Intel and Apple Computer , amongst many other start-up technology companies, including many other firms involved in healthcare. Over

2175-832: The Great Smoky Mountains National Park were named after him. He was also active in the movement to save redwood trees, making a significant contribution to Save the Redwoods League in the 1920s to enable the purchase of what would become the Rockefeller Forest in Humboldt Redwoods State Park . In 1930, Rockefeller helped the federal government extend Yosemite National Park 's boundary by 15,570 acres (63.0 km ) by purchasing tracts held by timber companies for about $ 3.3 million. Rockefeller covered half of

2250-428: The Mauna Kea Beach Hotel itself opened on July 2, 1965, operated by Rockefeller's hotel company RockResorts . In August 1967, ground was broken for a 102-room addition to the hotel, designed by Honolulu architects Wimberly, Whisenand, Allison, Tong and Goo, with interior design by Phyllis Brownlee, which opened in August 1968. The hotel famously operated without guestroom televisions until 1995. In 1978, Rockefeller sold

2325-678: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center at a critical juncture of its early development. He also funded William Irwin Thompson 's Lindisfarne Association , a think tank and retreat. He had a major involvement in the New York Zoological Society , along with support from other family members and philanthropies; he was a long-time trustee (1935–1986), president (1968–1971) and chairman (1971–1985). In 1983, Laurance Rockefeller donated

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2400-569: The acquisition and restoration of the three properties that were the core of the organization's holdings. In 1986, Sleepy Hollow Restorations became Historic Hudson Valley , which also operates the current guided tours of the Rockefeller family estate of Kykuit in Pocantico Hills. He is the author of the noted life principle, among others, inscribed on a tablet facing his famed Rockefeller Center : "I believe that every right implies

2475-539: The advance of urban sprawl . In September 1991, he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for contributions to conservation and historic preservation. Awarded by President George H. W. Bush , it was the first time in the Medal's history (since 1777) that it had been awarded for outdoor issues, effectively naming Rockefeller as "Mr Conservation", who more than any other American had put this issue on

2550-550: The age of 94. Laurance Rockefeller was survived by his four children. He was interred next to his wife at the Rockefeller Family Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow . John D. Rockefeller Jr. John Davison Rockefeller Jr. (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960) was an American financier and philanthropist. Rockefeller was the fifth child and only son of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller . He

2625-545: The attack. This was followed by nine days of violence between miners, strikebreakers, the Colorado National Guard . Although he did not order the attack that began this unrest, there are accounts to suggest Junior was mostly to blame for the violence, with the awful working conditions, death ratio, and no paid dead work which included securing unstable ceilings, workers were forced into working in unsafe conditions just to make ends meet. In January 1915, Junior

2700-475: The bank folded after only a few years of operation. In a celebrated letter to Nicholas Murray Butler in June 1932, subsequently printed on the front page of The New York Times , Rockefeller, a lifelong teetotaler , argued against the continuation of the Eighteenth Amendment on the principal grounds of an increase in disrespect for the law. This letter became an important event in pushing

2775-524: The complex, including GE and its then affiliates RCA , NBC and RKO , as well as Standard Oil of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil ), Associated Press , Time Inc , and branches of Chase National Bank (now JP Morgan Chase ). The family office, of which he was in charge, shifted from 26 Broadway to the 56th floor of the landmark 30 Rockefeller Plaza upon its completion in 1933. The office formally became "Rockefeller Family and Associates" (and informally, "Room 5600"). In 1921, Junior received about 10% of

2850-454: The conditions of the homes and the factories, attend social events, and especially to listen closely to the grievances. This was novel advice and attracted widespread media attention, which opened the way to resolve the conflict, and present a more humanized version of the Rockefellers. Mackenzie King said Rockefeller's testimony was the turning point in Junior's life, restoring the reputation of

2925-761: The cost. In 1951, he established Sleepy Hollow Restorations , which brought together under one administrative body the management and operation of two historic sites he had acquired: Philipsburg Manor House in North Tarrytown, now called Sleepy Hollow (acquired in 1940 and donated to the Tarrytown Historical Society), and Sunnyside , Washington Irving 's home, acquired in 1945. He bought Van Cortland Manor in Croton-on-Hudson in 1953 and in 1959 donated it to Sleepy Hollow Restorations. In all, he invested more than $ 12 million in

3000-491: The course lineup in the Links golf game for PC . Laurance Rockefeller Laurance Spelman Rockefeller (May 26, 1910 – July 11, 2004) was an American businessman, financier, philanthropist, and conservationist . Rockefeller was the third son and fourth child of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller . As a trustee of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, he provided venture capital for Intel , Apple Computer and many other successful start-ups. Rockefeller

3075-410: The dedication of an auditorium built-in memory of the organizers of Phi Beta Kappa , the honorary scholastic fraternity founded in Williamsburg in 1776. Rockefeller was a member of the society and had helped pay for the auditorium. He had visited Williamsburg the previous March, when the Reverend Dr. W. A. R. Goodwin escorted him—along with his wife Abby, and their sons, David, Laurance, and Winthrop—on

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3150-421: The expansion of Grand Teton National Park and was instrumental in establishing and enlarging national parks in Wyoming, California, the Virgin Islands, Vermont, Maine and Hawaii. In his home state, New York, he expended further cash and influence to help establish parklands and urban open spaces. There, as an active member of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, he helped create a chain of parks that blocked

3225-419: The family name; it also heralded a new era of industrial relations in the country. During the Great Depression , he was involved in the financing, development, and construction of the Rockefeller Center , a vast office complex in midtown Manhattan , and as a result, became one of the largest real estate holders in New York City . He was influential in attracting leading blue-chip corporations as tenants in

3300-552: The family still retained about 1% of the bank's shares, by which time his son David had become the bank's president. In the late 1920s, Rockefeller founded the Dunbar National Bank in Harlem . The financial institution was located within the Paul Laurence Dunbar Apartments at 2824 Eighth Avenue near 150th Street, servicing a primarily African-American clientele. It was unique among New York City financial institutions in that it employed African Americans as tellers, clerks and bookkeepers as well as in key management positions. However,

3375-462: The funding for the construction of the Palestine Archaeological Museum in East Jerusalem – the Rockefeller Museum – which today houses many antiquities and was the home of many of the Dead Sea Scrolls until they were moved to the Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum . He had a special interest in conservation, and purchased and donated land for many American National Parks , including Grand Teton (hiding his involvement and intentions behind

3450-487: The greatest trophy apartment in New York, in the world's richest apartment building. In 1929, Junior was elected an honorary member of the Georgia Society of the Cincinnati . In 1935, he received The Hundred Year Association of New York 's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." In 1939, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society under statute 12. The John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Brown University , completed in 1964,

3525-444: The hotel to United Airlines . United placed the hotel in their Western International Hotels division, which was renamed Westin Hotels in 1981. The hotel itself was renamed The Westin Mauna Kea for much of the early 1980s. The hotel was purchased in 1990 by Yoshiaki Tsutsumi of Seibu Railway and has since been managed by one of his companies, Prince Hotels . The hotel closed in 1994 for a two-year renovation. In August of that year,

3600-468: The hotel to "strolling through an open-air museum and art gallery—past Hawaiian quilts hung as tapestries, bronze ceremonial drums and red-and-gold scroll boxes from Thailand, Japanese and Chinese scrolls and paintings, New Guinea carvings and masks ..." Construction on the resort's golf course, designed by Robert Trent Jones , began first, on August 8, 1963. Construction on the hotel began on January 4, 1964. The golf course opened on February 1, 1965, while

3675-408: The instigation of his wife, he provided crucial funding for Margaret Sanger –who had previously been a personal opponent to him due to his treatment of workers–in her work on birth control and involvement in population issues. He donated $ 5,000 to her American Birth Control League in 1924 and a second time in 1925. In the arts, he gave extensive property he owned on West 54th Street in Manhattan for

3750-400: The major New York real estate developer William Zeckendorf —the land along the East River in Manhattan which he later donated for the United Nations headquarters . This was after he had vetoed the family estate at Pocantico as a prospective site for the headquarters (see Kykuit ). Another UN connection was his early financial support for its predecessor, the League of Nations ; this included

3825-462: The nascent industrial relations movement; along with major chief executives of the time, he incorporated Industrial Relations Counselors (IRC) in 1926, a consulting firm whose main goal was to establish industrial relations as a recognized academic discipline at Princeton University and other institutions. It succeeded through the support of prominent corporate chieftains of the time, such as Owen D. Young and Gerard Swope of General Electric . In

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3900-458: The nation to repeal Prohibition . Rockefeller was known for his philanthropy , giving over $ 537 million to myriad causes over his lifetime compared to $ 240 million to his own family. He created the Sealantic Fund in 1938 to channel gifts to his favorite causes; previously his main philanthropic organization had been the Davison Fund. He had become the Rockefeller Foundation 's inaugural president in May 1913 and proceeded to dramatically expand

3975-436: The notable early excavations at Luxor in Egypt, and the American School of Classical Studies for excavation of the Agora and the reconstruction of the Stoa of Attalos, both in Athens; the American Academy in Rome; Lingnan University in China; St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo; the library of the Imperial University in Tokyo; and the Shakespeare Memorial Endowment at Stratford-on-Avon . In addition, he provided

4050-471: The original founders of Alcoholics Anonymous , and others at a dinner to tell their stories. "News of this got out on the world wires; inquiries poured in again and many people went to the bookstores to get the book, Alcoholics Anonymous ." Rockefeller offered to pay for the publication of the book, but in keeping with AA traditions of being self-supporting, AA rejected the money. Through negotiations by his son Nelson , in 1946 he bought for $ 8.5 million—from

4125-495: The pivotal post-WWII military contractor McDonnell Aircraft Corp. In 1966, Rockefeller was considered by President Lyndon B. Johnson for the position of Secretary of Housing and Urban Development , then a newly-formed agency. The position instead went to Robert C. Weaver , the first African American Cabinet member in American history. Rockefeller was a longtime friend and associate of DeWitt Wallace , who with his wife in 1922 co-founded Reader's Digest . Wallace, who

4200-531: The primary funds to create The Mirror Theater Ltd , a New York-based theater company founded by Sabra Jones. The Mirror Theater Ltd is known for producing the 1983 Broadway play Alice in Wonderland at the Virginia Theatre and for the many plays performed by its Mirror Repertory Company. Rockefeller also funded research of the PEAR lab, dealing with consciousness-based physical phenomena. He also had an interest, gained via his mother Abby Aldrich Rockefeller , in Buddhism and Asian cultural affairs. He funded

4275-463: The protection of wildlife and was chairman of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission . He was also a recipient of the Lady Bird Johnson Conservation Award. He served on dozens of federal, state and local commissions and advised every president since Dwight D. Eisenhower on issues involving recreation, wilderness preservation and ecology. He founded the American Conservation Association and supported many other environmental groups. He funded

4350-523: The public agenda. Rockefeller said at the award presentation that nothing was more important to him than "the creation of a conservation ethic in America". In 1992 Rockefeller and his wife Mary donated their Woodstock, Vermont , summer home and farm to the National Park Service , creating a national park dedicated to the history of conservation, now called the Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park . In 2001, Rockefeller transferred ownership of his landmark 1106-acre (4.5 km ) JY Ranch to

4425-516: The real estate developer William Zeckendorf bought the 740 Park Avenue apartment complex and then sold it to Rockefeller, who quickly turned the building into a cooperative , selling it on to his rich neighbors in the building. Years later, just after his son Nelson become Governor of New York, Rockefeller helped foil a bid by greenmailer Saul Steinberg to take over Chemical Bank . Steinberg bought Junior's apartment for $ 225,000, $ 25,000 less than it had cost new in 1929. It has since been called

4500-404: The research of Harvard Medical School Professor Dr. John E. Mack , author of Passport to the Cosmos . He also was reported to have supported the work of Dr. Steven M. Greer of the Disclosure Project. Rockefeller was also a patron to Roger A. Weir, specifically in relation to Weir's research on Jesus and Mary Magdalene. Rockefeller opposed the harsh punishments of the War on Drugs , including

4575-414: The resort became part of Rosewood Hotels & Resorts but remains true to Rockefeller's vision of natural harmony and balance while offering an escape from the ordinary. Elsewhere in the US Virgin Islands Rockresorts developed the Carambola Resort on St. Croix on an incredible stretch of beach that was also famous for being the setting for the closing scene of the movie Trading Places. Rockefeller funded

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4650-413: The scope of this institution, founded by his father. Later he would become involved in other organizations set up by Senior: Rockefeller University and the International Education Board. In the social sciences, he founded the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial in 1918, which was subsequently folded into the Rockefeller Foundation in 1929. A committed internationalist, he financially supported programs of

4725-405: The shares of the Equitable Trust Company from his father, making him the bank's largest shareholder. Subsequently, in 1930, Equitable merged with Chase National Bank, making Chase the largest bank in the world at the time. Although his stockholding was reduced to about 4% following this merger, he was still the largest shareholder in what became known as "the Rockefeller bank". As late as the 1960s,

4800-415: The site of the Museum of Modern Art , which had been co-founded by his wife in 1929. In 1925, he purchased the George Grey Barnard collection of medieval art and cloister fragments for the Metropolitan Museum of Art . He also purchased land north of the original site, now Fort Tryon Park , for a new building, The Cloisters . In November 1926, Rockefeller came to the College of William and Mary for

4875-407: The years his investment interests spread into the fields of aerospace, electronics, high temperature physics, composite materials, optics, lasers, data processing, thermionics, instrumentation and nuclear power. The family also had longstanding philanthropic ties, among them the Museum of Modern Art , Rockefeller University , and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center . Rockefeller's major interest

4950-465: Was Adi Kohler, who later wrote the story of the construction of the famous hotel in his book "Mr. Mauna Kea" published by McKenna Publishing Group. While sailing past Virgin Gorda, Rockefeller spotted an idyllic half-mile crescent bay with what he dubbed "wilderness beach". In 1958 planning and land acquisition began for what would become Little Dix Bay. The resort opened in 1964 and on January 18, 2014, Little Dix Bay celebrated its 50th anniversary. In 1993,

5025-477: Was a major funder of the family's Colonial Williamsburg , appointed Laurance as an outside director in the company. He wanted to ensure that it preserved its patriotic mission of informing and educating the public, along with support for national parks, one of Rockefeller's primary interests. Through his resort management company, Rockresorts , Inc., Rockefeller opened environmentally focused hotels at Caneel Bay on Saint John, United States Virgin Islands (1956;

5100-401: Was called to testify before the Commission on Industrial Relations . Many critics blamed Rockefeller for ordering the massacre. Margaret Sanger wrote an attack piece in her magazine The Woman Rebel , declaring, "But remember Ludlow! Remember the men and women and children who were sacrificed in order that John D. Rockefeller Jr., might continue his noble career of charity and philanthropy as

5175-472: Was in aviation; after the War, he became friendly with Captain Eddie Rickenbacker , who had triumphed in many dogfights over Europe. Rockefeller had learned to fly, and found Rickenbacker's vivid accounts of an approaching boom in commercial air travel to be persuasive. Within a decade after Rockefeller's considerable investment, Eastern Airlines had become the most profitable airline to emerge after World War II. He became its largest shareholder. He also funded

5250-431: Was involved in the development of the vast office complex in Midtown Manhattan known as Rockefeller Center , making him one of the largest real estate holders in the city. Towards the end of his life, he was famous for his philanthropy, donating over $ 500 million to a wide variety of different causes, including educational establishments. Among his projects was the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia . He

5325-577: Was known for his involvement in wilderness preservation, ecology and the protection of wildlife. His crusade was the establishing of a conservation ethic, and he was declared America's leading conservationist by Lady Bird Johnson . Rockefeller was born in New York City, as the fourth child of John Davison Rockefeller Jr. and Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich . His siblings were Abby , John III , Nelson , Winthrop , and David . He graduated from Princeton University in 1932 and attended Harvard Law School for two years, until he decided he did not want to be

5400-447: Was named after Mauna Kea , which is visible above the bay when not obscured by clouds. Original plans, started in 1961, were to use architect John Carl Warnecke and build a series of small cottages, but those plans were abandoned. Instead the firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill was hired, and architect Edward Charles Bassett designed a striking hotel structure in the modern style. The open-air design allowed natural ventilation from

5475-684: Was seen at the time as the consummate marriage of capitalism and politics. She was a daughter of Senator Aldrich and Abigail Pearce Truman "Abby" Chapman. Moreover, their wedding was the major social event of its time – one of the most lavish of the Gilded Age . It was held at the Aldrich Mansion at Warwick Neck, Rhode Island , and attended by executives of Standard Oil and other companies. The couple had six children; Abby in 1903, John III in 1906, Nelson in 1908, Laurance in 1910, Winthrop in 1912, and David in 1915. Abby died of

5550-463: Was the 9-story mansion at 10 West 54th Street, but he owned a group of properties in this vicinity, including Nos. 4, 12, 14 and 16 (some of these properties had been previously acquired by his father, John D. Rockefeller ). After he vacated No. 10 in 1936, these properties were razed and subsequently all the land was gifted to his wife's Museum of Modern Art . In that year he moved into a luxurious 40-room triplex apartment at 740 Park Avenue . In 1953,

5625-768: Was widely blamed for having orchestrated the Ludlow Massacre and other offenses during the Colorado Coalfield War . Rockefeller was the father of six children: Abby , John III , Nelson , Laurance , Winthrop , and David . John Davison Rockefeller Jr. was born on January 29, 1874, in Cleveland, Ohio . He was the fifth and youngest child of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller Sr. and schoolteacher Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman . His four older sisters were Elizabeth (Bessie) , Alice (who died an infant), Alta , and Edith . Living in his father's mansion at 4 West 54th Street , he attended Park Avenue Baptist Church at 64th Street (now Central Presbyterian Church) and

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