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43-522: The prime minister of Mauritius (French: Premier Ministre de Maurice ) is the head of government of Mauritius . He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the National Assembly for any advice given and for all action done by or under the authority of any minister in the execution of his office. The position
86-499: A broader sense, a head of government can be used loosely when referring to various comparable positions under a dominant head of state (especially is the case of ancient or feudal eras, so the term "head of government", in this case, could be considered a contradiction in terms). In this case, the prime minister serves at the pleasure of the monarch and holds no more power than the monarch allows. Some such titles are diwan, mahamantri , pradhan , wasir or vizier . However, just because
129-423: A constitution. In presidential republics or in absolute monarchies , the head of state is also usually the head of government. The relationship between that leader and the government, however, can vary greatly, ranging from separation of powers to autocracy , according to the constitution (or other basic laws) of the particular state. In semi-presidential systems , the head of government may answer to both
172-422: A head of government is Prime Minister . This is used as a formal title in many states, but may also be an informal generic term to refer to whichever office is considered the principal minister under an otherwise styled head of state , as minister — Latin for servants or subordinates—is a common title for members of a government (but many other titles are in use, e.g. chancellor and secretary of state). Formally
215-474: A true and faithful Prime Minister/Minister/Junior Minister. (So help me God.) Head of government In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state , a federated state , or a self-governing colony , autonomous region , or other government who often presides over a cabinet , a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. In diplomacy , "head of government"
258-758: Is alleged that the increased personalisation of leadership in a number of states has led to heads of government becoming themselves "semi-presidential" figures, due in part to media coverage of politics that focuses on the leader and his or her mandate, rather than on parliament; and to the increasing centralisation of power in the hands of the head of government. Such allegations have been made against three former British Prime ministers: Margaret Thatcher , Tony Blair , and Boris Johnson . They were also made against Italian prime ministers Silvio Berlusconi and Matteo Renzi , Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau and Federal Chancellor of West Germany (later all of Germany), Helmut Kohl , when in power. The head of government
301-506: Is differentiated from " head of state ". The authority of a head of government, such as a president, chancellor, or prime minister, and the relationship between that position and other state institutions, such as the relation between the head of state and of the legislature, varies greatly among sovereign states, depending largely on the particular system of the government that has been chosen, won, or evolved over time. In most parliamentary systems , including constitutional monarchies ,
344-466: Is often provided with an official residence , often in the same fashion as heads of state often are. The name of the residence is often used as a metonym or alternative title for 'the government' when the office is politically the highest, e.g. in the UK "Downing Street announced today…" Well-known official residences of heads of government include: Similarly, heads of government of federal entities below
387-645: Is the Clarisse House , the Prime Minister's Office is located in Port Louis . The longest serving prime minister is Anerood Jugnauth , who held the office of prime minister for about 19 years; if Navin Ramgoolam stays in office for a complete term, he will overtake Anerood Jugnauth. The current prime minister's portfolio includes, inter-alia, the following: The prime minister is appointed by
430-474: Is the most powerful constitutional office of the country. This is mainly because the office is amalgamated with other functions whereby conventions, the office holder is also the minister of defense & home affairs (which makes the office holder responsible for law and order, internal security, defense, the armed forces and intelligence services), the leader of the National Assembly (which makes
473-698: The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party ( top leader in a one-party system) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months of transition . In directorial systems , the executive responsibilities of the head of government are spread among a group of people. A prominent example is the Swiss Federal Council , where each member of the council heads a department and also votes on proposals relating to all departments. The most common title for
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#1732772624064516-634: The Labour Party and the Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate , which between them won 46 seats. The Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) won 32 seats, whilst the Labour Party secured nine seats and PMSD five. This alliance allowed Jugnauth to continue as Prime Minister while bringing Seewoosagur Ramgoolam and Gaetan Duval back into the government after their severe defeat in the 1982 elections. Shortly after, Ramgoolam
559-439: The governor-general . After the 1967 general election , Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (SSR) became the first prime minister of Mauritius, he was re-elected in the 1976 general election and remained in office. In the 1982 general election , Sir Anerood Jugnauth (SAJ) coalition was elected, and he became prime minister. However his alliance broke up in 1983 and the 1983 general election was held, SAJ formed another alliance, he
602-637: The Prime Minister. I, ......................, being appointed Prime Minister/Minister/Junior Minister, do swear (or solemnly affirm) that I will to the best of my judgment, at all times when so required, freely give my counsel and advice to the President (or any other person for the time being lawfully performing the functions of that office) for the good management of the public affairs of Mauritius, and I do further swear (or solemnly affirm) that I will not on any account, at any time whatsoever, disclose
645-417: The basis of the strength of party support in the lower house; in some other states, the head of government is directly elected by parliament. Many parliamentary systems require ministers to serve in parliament, while others ban ministers from sitting in parliament (they must resign on becoming ministers). Heads of government are typically removed from power in a parliamentary system by Constitutions differ in
688-409: The collegial Government , whose members are all appointed and dismissed at the Prime Minister's sole discretion. Under the unwritten British constitution , the prime minister 's role has evolved, based often on the individual's personal appeal and strength of character, as contrasted between, for example, Winston Churchill as against Clement Attlee , Margaret Thatcher as against John Major . It
731-530: The counsel, advice, opinion or vote of any particular Minister or Junior Minister and that I will not, except with the authority of the Cabinet and to such extent as may be required for the good management of the affairs of Mauritius, directly or indirectly reveal the business or proceedings of the Prime Minister/Minister/Junior Minister or any matter coming to my knowledge in my capacity as such and that in all things I will be
774-443: The first time. However, he lost the 2000 general election . In 2000, the prime minister's office was shared between two leaders: Sir Anerood Jugnauth spent three years as prime minister and Paul Bérenger spent two years. After the 2005 general election , Dr. Navin Ramgoolam became the prime minister again. In the 2010 general election , he was re-elected and remained in office. The 2014 general election returned Anerood Jugnauth to
817-456: The government and provides (e.g. by turns) the ceremonial Head of state. The only state in which this system is currently employed is Switzerland but other countries such as Uruguay have employed it in the past . This system is described as the directorial system . See Head of state for further explanation of these cases. In parliamentary systems, government functions along the following lines: All of these requirements directly impact
860-602: The government. The party's leader, Paul Berenger, was not popularly elected in his own constituency. However, under the Best Loser System , he secured his seat through the representational system. Berenger was afterwards appointed as Leader of the Opposition, a post he held until 1987. The voting system involved twenty constituencies on Mauritius, which each elected three members. Two seats were elected by residents of Rodrigues , and up to eight seats were filled by
903-429: The head of government is the de facto political leader of the government, and is answerable to at least one chamber of the legislature. Although there is often a formal reporting relationship to a head of state , the latter usually acts as a figurehead who may take the role of chief executive on limited occasions, either when receiving constitutional advice from the head of government or under specific provisions in
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#1732772624064946-453: The head of government's role. Consequently, they often play a 'day to day' role in parliament, answering questions and defending the government on the 'floor of the House', while in semi-presidential systems they may not be required to play as much of a role in the functioning of parliament. In many countries, the head of government is commissioned by the head of state to form a government, on
989-493: The head of state and the legislature with the specifics provided by each country's constitution. A modern example is the present French government, which originated as the French Fifth Republic in 1958. In France, the president , the head of state, appoints the prime minister , who is the head of government. However, the president must choose someone who can act effectively as an executive, but who also enjoys
1032-477: The head of state can also be the head of government as well ( ex officio or by ad hoc cumulation, such as a ruling monarch exercising all powers himself) but otherwise has formal precedence over the head of government and other ministers, whether he is their actual political superior (ruling monarch, executive president) or rather theoretical or ceremonial in character (constitutional monarch, non-executive president). Various constitutions use different titles, and even
1075-411: The head of state is a figurehead whilst the head of the government leads the ruling party. In some cases a head of government may even pass on the title in hereditary fashion. Such titles include the following: In some models the head of state and head of government are one and the same. These include: An alternative formula is a single chief political body (e.g., presidium ) which collectively leads
1118-434: The head of state is the de jure dominant position does not mean that he/she will not always be the de facto political leader. A skilled head of government like 19th-century German statesman Otto von Bismarck , Minister President of Prussia and later Chancellor of Germany under Emperor / King Wilhelm I , serves as an example showing that possession of formal powers does not equal political influence. In some cases,
1161-558: The head of state, such as a governor-general , may well be housed in a grander, palace-type residence. However, this is not the case when both positions are combined into one: 1983 Mauritian general election Anerood Jugnauth MMM Anerood Jugnauth MSM General elections were held in Mauritius on 21 August 1983. The result was a victory for an alliance of the Militant Socialist Movement ,
1204-426: The level of the sovereign state (often without an actual head of state, at least under international law) may also be given an official residence, sometimes used as an opportunity to display aspirations of statehood: Usually, the residence of the heads of government is not as prestigious and grand as that of the head of state, even if the head of state only performs ceremonial duties. Even the formal representative of
1247-420: The office holder responsible for setting the agenda for parliament) and minister for Rodrigues & dependencies (which makes the office holder responsible for + occupancy, administration of local dependencies and their defense). It is also inter-alia, the head of government and presides over the cabinet of ministers. It is second in the order of precedence just after the president and enjoys relative importance in
1290-413: The practical reality for the Prime Minister of Belgium and the Prime Minister of Finland . Other states however, make their head of government a central and dominant figure within the cabinet system; Ireland's Taoiseach , for example, alone can decide when to seek a parliamentary dissolution, in contrast to other countries where this is a cabinet decision, with the Prime Minister just one member voting on
1333-497: The president became the head of state . The president holds prerogative powers which includes summoning, prorogation and dissolution of parliament including appointment of the prime minister and Cabinet. The prime minister has the constitutional duty to advise him/her when to exercise these prerogatives. During the British Mauritius period, it was the chief minister who was the head of government , executive powers
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1376-486: The president. The prime minister holds the second most senior position in the country, second only to the president. The prime minister is usually the leader of the largest party in the ruling coalition. The position of prime minister along with the office of deputy prime minister is specified under Chapter VI, Section 59, Part 1 of the Constitution of Mauritius . After the country became a republic on 12 March 1992,
1419-459: The prime minister and Cabinet. The prime minister has the constitutional duty to advise him/her when to exercise these prerogatives. On 12 March 1992, Mauritius became a republic, with a new constitution in 1992, the terms of the general elections was regulated to five years. Since then, each five years elections take place and a new prime minister is elected. After the 1995 general election , Dr. Navin Ramgoolam became Prime Minister of Mauritius for
1462-455: The prime minister's office. Pravind Jugnauth was appointed as prime minister by President Ameenah Gurib-Fakim on 23 January 2017, following the resignation of his father and coalition leader Anerood Jugnauth. Pravind won the 2019 general election , which kept the MSM in power. According to the third Schedule of the Constitution of Mauritius , an oath under this section shall be administered by
1505-530: The prime minister, along with the cabinet, controls domestic policy, with the president's influence largely restricted to foreign affairs. In communist states , the General Secretary of the Communist Party is the supreme leader, serving as de facto head of state and government. In China , the de jure head of government is the Premier . The Chinese president is legally a ceremonial office , but
1548-404: The public as the office holder is usually the leader of the party/alliance that wins an election. The current prime minister of Mauritius is Navin Ramgoolam , leader of the Labour Party ; he was appointed by president Prithvirajsing Roopun on 12 November 2024, following the resignation of prime minister Pravind Jugnauth . The official residence of the prime minister during his term in office
1591-407: The range and scope of powers granted to the head of government. Some older constitutions; for example, Australia's 1900 text , and Belgium's 1830 text ; do not mention their prime ministerial offices at all, the offices became a de facto political reality without a formal constitutional status. Some constitutions make a Prime Minister primus inter pares ( first among equals ) and that remains
1634-406: The same title can have various multiple meanings, depending on the constitutional order and political system of the state in question. In addition to prime minister, titles used for the democratic model, where there is an elected legislative body checking the head of government, include the following. Some of these titles relate to governments below the national level (e.g. states or provinces). In
1677-558: The suggestion. In Israel , while the Government is nominally a collegiate body with a primus inter pares role for the Prime Minister , the Israeli Prime Minister is the dominant figure in the executive branch in practice. The Prime Minister of Sweden , under the 1974 Instrument of Government , is a constitutional office with all key executive powers either directly at his or her disposal or indirectly through
1720-501: The support of France's legislature, the National Assembly , to be able to pass legislation. In some cases, the head of state may represent one political party but the majority in the National Assembly is of a different party. Given that the majority party has greater control over state funding and primary legislation , the president is in effect forced to choose a prime minister from the opposition party to ensure an effective, functioning legislature. In this case, known as cohabitation ,
1763-591: Was appointed as Governor General, Duval became Deputy Prime Minister and Satcam Boolell (new leader of the labour Party) became Minister of Foreign Affairs. Voter turnout was 85%. The Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM) suffered after the departure of Anerood Jugnauth (who resigned as Leader of the MMM in 1983 to form the MSM) and the Mauritian Socialist Party (the MMM's coalition party since 1982) from
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1806-553: Was elected again and remain in office. In the 1987 general election , another coalition concluded by SAJ won again, he remained in office. SAJ also won the 1991 general election and remained the prime minister of Mauritius. The new leader of the Labour Party, Navin Ramgoolam , became the leader of the opposition . After the country became a republic on 12 March 1992, the president became the head of state . The president holds prerogative powers which includes summoning, prorogation and dissolution of parliament including appointment of
1849-482: Was vested by the governor, representative of the monarch. The only chief minister which the country had known was Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam , from 26 September 1961 to 12 March 1968. The office of Prime Minister of Mauritius was created on 12 March 1968 when Mauritius became an independent state. Queen Elizabeth II remained as head of state as Queen of Mauritius , with her executive powers in Mauritius delegated to
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