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36-616: Archaeologists recently discovered an intact tomb dating to the first century BC in the area of Mavropigi in West Macedonia's Kozani region. The major discovery was made public by a statement issued recently by Kozani's Ephorate of Antiquities. “During the ongoing excavations of the Ephorate of Antiquities of Kozani in the Mavropigi lignite mine, within the partially demolished modern settlement of Mavropigi, and specifically under

72-453: A larger "taw" marble at these marbles, attempting to knock them out of the ring. In kanche (from South Asia), players prepare for the game by standing behind a line and trying to flick their marble towards a designated hole, with the player who manages to flick their marble closest to the hole getting the chance to go first in the game. The marbles are all then placed in the center of a circle, with each player getting one striking marble and

108-442: A total population of 283,689 inhabitants (2.6% of the country's total), thus it is a low-density populated region (30 per km , as compared to the country's 81.96 per km average). This is mainly due to the mountainous nature of the region, as 82% of the total surface are mountainous and semi-mountainous areas. This is also reflected in the population distribution, as a majority of the population (56%) lives in rural areas. The capital of

144-504: Is a small spherical object often made from glass , clay , steel , plastic , or agate . They vary in size, and most commonly are about 13 mm ( 1 ⁄ 2  in) in diameter. These toys can be used for a variety of games called marbles , as well being placed in marble runs or races, or created as a form of art. They are often collected , both for nostalgia and for their aesthetic colors. Sizes may vary, but usually range from about 0.5 cm to 3.5 cm in diameter. In

180-480: Is covered in archaeological sites of great historical interest, and many excavations are currently underway to unearth even more significant discoveries, from many different eras of Greek history. This Western Macedonia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Western Macedonia Western Macedonia ( Greek : Δυτική Μακεδονία , romanized :  Ditikí Makedonía , Greek pronunciation: [ðitiˈki makeðoˈnia] )

216-415: Is frequently sold as an "old timey" marble. Glass marbles can be fashioned through the production of glass rods which are stacked together to form the desired pattern, cutting the rod into marble-sized pieces using marble scissors, and rounding the still-malleable glass. One mechanical technique is dropping globules of molten glass into a groove made by two interlocking parallel screws. As the screws rotate,

252-558: Is located in Zone of Alternate Urban Planning (ZEP) in the city of Kozani. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 4.0 billion € in 2018, accounting for 2.1% of Greek economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 17,700 € or 59% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 79% of the EU average. The unemployment rate stood at 19.7% in 2021, one of

288-473: Is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece , consisting of the western part of Macedonia . Located in north-western Greece , it is divided into the regional units of Florina , Grevena , Kastoria , and Kozani . With a population of approximately 255,000 people, as of 2021, the region had one of the highest unemployment rates in the European Union . The region of Western Macedonia

324-509: Is produced in the Region) and the fur-leather sector. However, "soft" structures have not followed the general improvement of heavy infrastructures, a situation that has to be remedied, in order to achieve an overall higher economic development of the Region. The R&D services are at a rather low level: only 3,5% of the country's total research foundations are situated in the Region. Among them,

360-482: Is situated in north-western Greece, bordering with the regions of Central Macedonia (east), Thessaly (south), Epirus (west), and bounded to the north at the international borders of Greece with the Republic of North Macedonia ( Bitola , Resen and Novaci municipalities) and Albania ( Korçë County ). Although it covers a total surface of 9,451 km (3,649 sq mi) (7.2% of country's total), it has

396-511: Is unknown where marbles were first manufactured. A German glassblower invented marble scissors , a device for making marbles, in 1846. Ceramic marbles entered inexpensive mass production in the 1870s. The game has become popular throughout the US and other countries. The first mass-produced toy marbles (clay) made in the US were made in Akron , Ohio, by S. C. Dyke, in the early 1890s. Some of

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432-516: The Seleucids from Orestis and the Antigonids from Elimiotis . The population of Western Macedonia was 283,689 according to the 2011 Greek census . Today, the region is predominantly ethnic Greek with Slavophone Greeks being a minority. The former are mainly concentrated in the towns Florina , Kastoria and Ptolemaida . There are also around 1,400 Slavophones—approximately 0.5% of

468-665: The University of Western Macedonia plays an important role in supporting the regional research and educational efforts. However, an enhanced interaction with SME's will be a crucial factor, in order to improve the productivity and the added value of products and services generated in the Region of Western Macedonia. Some of its more famous products are marbles , Saffron ( krokos Kozanis), fruits, Florina peppers , local wines ( Kozani , Amyntaio ), furs ( Kastoria , Siatista ) and specialized arts and crafts industry. The A2 motorway (Egnatia Odos, Trans–European Network) that crosses

504-544: The ancient Greek regions of Orestis , Elimiotis , Eordaea , Tymphaea , part of Lynkestis , of Upper Macedonia . Miltiades Hatzopoulos and other scholars suggest that the Argead Macedonians wandered from Orestis to Lower Macedonia where they founded the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon . Three of the most important Hellenistic dynasties originated from Upper Macedonia : the Lagids from Eordaea ,

540-608: The North of England the objects and the game are called "taws", with larger taws being called "bottle washers" after the use of a marble in Codd-neck bottles , which were often collected for play. In the early twentieth century, small balls of stone from about 2500 BCE, identified by archaeologists as marbles, were found by excavation near Mohenjo-daro , in a site associated with the Indus Valley civilization . In modern India

576-501: The art glass movement. They are sometimes referred to as contemporary glass marbles to differentiate them from collectible antique marbles, and are spherical works of art glass. Collectible contemporary marbles are made mostly in the United States by individual artists such as Josh Simpson . Art marbles are usually around 50 millimetres (2.0 in) in diameter (a size also known as a "toe breaker"), but can vary, depending on

612-420: The artist and the print. Marble players often grow to collect marbles after having outgrown the game. Marbles are categorized by many factors including condition, size, type, manufacturer/ artisan , age, style, materials, scarcity, and the existence of original packaging (which is further rated in terms of condition). A marble's worth is primarily determined by type, size, condition and eye-appeal, coupled with

648-442: The chance to flick their marble in an attempt to strike the circle-marbles out of the circle. Each marble thus displaced is acquired by the striker, and once all the marbles have been struck out of the circle, the player with the most marbles wins the game. Similarly, in pili goli (South Asia), the goal of the game is to flick a striking marble in order to knock other marbles laid around the field into holes that have been dug into

684-735: The collectors' market only, with some selling for thousands of dollars. Marbles are made using many techniques. They can be categorized into two general types: hand-made and machine-made. Marbles were originally made by hand. Stone or ivory marbles can be fashioned by grinding. Clay, pottery, ceramic, or porcelain marbles can be made by rolling the material into a ball, and then letting dry, or firing, and then can be left natural, painted, or glazed . Clay marbles, also known as crock marbles or commies ( common ), are made of slightly porous clay, traditionally from local clay or leftover earthenware ("crockery"), rolled into balls, then glazed and fired at low heat, creating an opaque imperfect sphere that

720-636: The elections are held together with the European Parliament elections for a five-year period. The region is based at Kozani and is divided into four regional units (the pre-Kallikratis prefectures ). It comprises 12 municipalities (down from 61 pre-Kallikratis local administrative units). Along with the neighboring Epirus region it is supervised by the Ioannina -based Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia . The modern region of Western Macedonia roughly corresponds to

756-528: The first US-produced glass marbles were also made in Akron by James Harvey Leighton. In 1903, Martin Frederick Christensen —also of Akron—made the first machine-made glass marbles on his patented machine. His company, M. F. Christensen & Son Co., manufactured millions of toy and industrial glass marbles until they ceased operations in 1917. The next US company to enter the glass marble market

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792-501: The foundation of a house, important grave goods were discovered, dating to the end of the 1st century BC,” the statement notes. The excavation will continue, but the Ephorate noted in its statement that the bronze funeral bier, found under the skeletal remains of the buried person, is unique, at least for Northern Greece. As a completely intact object, it represents a unique discovery for the whole of Greece, according to published archaeological data. The broader region of Western Macedonia

828-649: The game is called "kanche". Marbles are often mentioned in Roman literature, as in Ovid 's poem "Nux" (which mentions playing the game with walnuts), and there are many examples of marbles from excavations of sites associated with Chaldeans of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. They were commonly made of clay, stone or glass. Marbles arrived in Britain, imported from the Low Countries , during the medieval era . In 1503,

864-473: The ground. The British and World Marbles Championship has been held at Tinsley Green , West Sussex, England, every year since 1932. (Marbles has been played in Tinsley Green and the surrounding area for many centuries: TIME magazine traces its origins to 1588. ) Traditionally, the marbles-playing season started on Ash Wednesday and lasted until midday on Good Friday : playing after that

900-559: The highest regional unemployment rates in the European Union . As one of thirteen administrative regions , the Western Macedonia Region ( Greek : Περιφέρεια Δυτικής Μακεδονίας , Periféria Dytikís Makedonías ) was established in 1987, comprising the prefectures of Kastoria , Grevena , Kozani and Florina . In the absence of a working budget the administrative regions however remained unable to fulfill even their limited responsibilities, until in 1994 they assumed

936-567: The last decade, providing the regional population with adequate services and modern facilities. The last years the region is being developed in tourism mainly on winter. It is the only Greek region without sea coast, but there are a lot of lakes, mountains, villages and two big ski centers in Florina ( Vigla ) and Grevena ( Vasilitsa ) and one other under construction in Kozani ( Velvendos ). The administrative building of Western Macedonia region

972-597: The law of supply and demand. Ugly, but rare marbles may be valued as much as those of very fine quality. However, this is the exception, rather than the rule, and normally "condition is king" when it comes to marbles. Any surface damage (characterized by missing glass, such as chips or pits) typically cuts book value by 50% or more. Due to the large market, there are many related side businesses that have sprung up such as numerous books and guides, web sites dedicated to live auctions of marbles only, and collector conventions. Additionally, many glass artisans produce art marbles for

1008-554: The local population—who profess a Slavic Macedonian identity. Other smaller communities include Aromanians and Arvanites . The region has shrunk by 28,633 people between 2011 and 2021, experiencing a highest percentage population loss in Greece of 10.1%. The biggest towns in each regional unit, according to the census of 2011 (only communities with population more than 2,000 recorded): The University of Western Macedonia provides technical education to stimulate growth throughout

1044-407: The marble travels along them, gradually being shaped into a sphere as it cools. Color is added to the main batch glass and to additional glass streams that are combined with the main stream in a variety of ways. For example, in the "cat's-eye" style, colored glass veins are injected into a transparent main stream. Applying more expensive colored glass to the surface of cheaper transparent or white glass

1080-463: The prefectures' competences in regard to tax collection , European structural funding and treasury . Resulting from the 2010 Kallikratis Programme , prefectures were abolished and instead, the regions became self-governing bodies in their own right with powers and authority being redefined and largely extended. Starting with the 2010 local elections , both the regional governor and the regional council have been popularly elected. From 2014 on,

1116-483: The region is Kozani with 53,880 inhabitants. Other main towns are Ptolemaida (37,289), Grevena (17,610), Florina (19,985) and Kastoria (16,958). The region has one operational Industrial Area in Florina and another one under construction in Kozani. The secondary sector is very important for the Regional economy, mainly due to the mining activities, the production of electric power (70% of country's total power

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1152-422: The region, along with its two vertical National Roads, form a network that dramatically improves the transport conditions in the Region and alter its traditional "isolation" image, mainly due to its mountainous landscape. On the other hand, the railroad network is insufficient and the two airports (Kozani and Kastoria) can only serve small passenger planes. The telecommunication network has dramatically improved over

1188-795: The region, and is located in Kozani , Florina and Kastoria . Programs at the university in Florina include courses of study in the Pedagogic Department and the Department of Balkan studies. The Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia (TEIWM) provides undergraduate degrees in Engineering, Business and Finance, Agriculture, Health and Welfare. Based in Kozani, it operates satellite campuses in Kastoria, Florina, Grevena and Ptolemaida . Marbles A marble

1224-410: The town council of Nuremberg , Germany, limited the playing of marble games to a meadow outside the town. The name "marble", used for the little toy balls, comes from this region and era, and refers to such balls being made of marble . At this point, marbles were made in mills and quarries by polishing small fragments of real stone like marble, agate , alabaster , limestone , and even brass . It

1260-648: Was Akro Agate . This company was started by Akronites in 1911, but located in Clarksburg, West Virginia . Today, there is only one American-based toy marble manufacturer: Marble King, in Paden City , West Virginia. Various games can be played with marbles. One game popular in the United Kingdom and United States is ring taw (or "ringer"), where a ring is drawn on the ground and a number of small marbles placed within it. Players take turns to flick

1296-527: Was thought to bring bad luck. More than 20 teams from around the world take part in the championship, each Good Friday; German teams have been successful several times since 2000, although local teams from Crawley, Copthorne and other Sussex and Surrey villages often take part as well; the first championship in 1932 was won by Ellen Geary, a young girl from London. There are various types of marbles, and names vary from locality to locality. Art marbles are high-quality collectible marbles arising out of

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