An officer -elect is a person who has been elected to a position but has not yet been installed . Notably, a president who has been elected but not yet installed would be referred to as a president-elect (e.g. president-elect of the United States ).
79-477: Analogously, the term -designate (e.g. prime minister-designate ) is used for the same purpose, especially when someone is appointed rather than elected (e.g., justice-designate). This usage of the term -elect originated in the Catholic Church, where bishops were elected but would not take office until ordained . In addition, the winner of a papal election would be known as the pope-elect until he
158-467: A balanced parliament , or as a parliament under no overall control ( NOC ). A hung parliament may result in a coalition government , a minority government , or a snap election if a government cannot be formed. In multi-party systems , particularly where proportional representation is employed, it is rare for a single party to hold a majority of the seats, and likewise rare for one party to form government on its own (i.e. coalition government
237-405: A hung parliament . By law, incumbent prime ministers always have the right to try to win the confidence of the house in a confidence vote. Often, especially if they do not have the most seats, prime ministers will not attempt to remain in office and will instead relinquish power in favour of the leader of the largest party, in which case they become prime minister–designate same as if their party had
316-585: A snap election . A normal objective of parliamentary systems – especially those requiring responsible government such as the Westminster system – is the formation of a stable government (i.e. ideally one that lasts a full parliamentary term, until the next election would normally be due). This requires a government to be able to muster sufficient votes in parliament to pass motions of confidence and supply , especially motions of no-confidence and budget bills . If such motions fail, they normally result in
395-515: A vote of confidence , enter into office. In 2001, the Knesset voted to change the system of direct prime-ministerial elections and restore the one-vote parliamentary system of government that operated until 1996, approving a reformed version of the original Basic Law: The Government 1968. This new law entered into effect with the January 2003 elections. The Solomon Islands ' constitution provides
474-526: A 'hung assembly' in one of the state Legislative Assemblies and no party is capable of gaining confidence, then fresh elections are announced to be held as soon as possible. Until this occurs President's Rule is applied. In India there have been many situations of hung assemblies in the state legislatures. However, invariably, the President of India in the case of Lok Sabha elections and the Governor of
553-623: A 24-seat majority. While most Canadian minority governments end in dissolution via non-confidence or a snap election call, there have been recent attempts to transition to a new government without returning to the ballot box. Most notably, the 2008 Canadian Federal Election resulted in the 2008–09 Canadian parliamentary dispute . While the Conservative Party had a plurality of seats, the Liberal Party and New Democratic Party , supported by The Bloc Québécois , agreed to defeat
632-495: A Germany style "Grand Coalition" similar to the Christian Democrats and Social Democrats there. Many members of FF considered FG too right wing to enter coalition with and threatened to leave the party this came to pass. As talks continued on without a new government (the old government, constitutionally, which had just been voted out, remaining in power including ministers who had lost their seats) FF agreed to allow
711-667: A coalition and Sitiveni Rabuka , leader of the People's Alliance, became the subsequent Prime Minister, ending 16 years of Bainimarama's rule. Since the establishment of the two-round system for parliamentary elections in 1958, hung parliaments are unusual under the Fifth Republic . Still, 2 general elections out of 16 resulted in such a parliamentary configuration since 1958: India is a federative multi-party parliamentary democracy with lower and upper houses at both national and sub-national levels. However, despite having
790-472: A formal vote of confidence from the newly-elected parliament. The title "premier-designate" often has the same meaning in governments that use the title "premier" to describe a role equivalent to a prime minister. In most jurisdictions where the term is used, becoming prime minister–designate grants no special powers, duties or privileges until appointment to the office is actually made. Between 1996 and 2001 (when direct prime-ministerial elections were held)
869-436: A fourteen-day period between the date of the general election and the selection of the prime minister . During this period, aspiring candidates for prime minister lobby intensely to acquire the numbers needed to win the contest and form the government . The individual successfully voted to form government is the prime minister-designate until sworn in by the governor-general . Hung parliament A hung parliament
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#1732772191808948-560: A fresh election. In recent years, most "hung parliaments" have served their full term. Australian parliaments are modelled on the Westminster system , with a hung parliament typically defined as a lack of a lower house parliamentary majority from either the Australian Labor Party or Liberal / National Coalition . Hung parliaments are rare at the federal level in Australia, as a de facto two-party system , in which
1027-427: A government to form by abstention. The parliamentary arithmetic fell in such a way that if FF TD's abstained on confidence and supply matters, a FG minority government could, with the support of a group of independents, form a new government. This was agreed in exchange for a number of policy concessions. Once the deal with FF was signed, Taoiseach Enda Kenny conducted talks with the independents and entered government for
1106-732: A hung parliament after the snap election. The formation of the coalition resulting from the 2010 election led to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 , which instituted fixed five-year Parliaments and transferred the power to call early elections from the Prime Minister to Parliament itself. This was the idea of the Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg , then the leader of the Liberal Democrats , who said that this would stop
1185-495: A joint legislative programme and a number of ministerial posts going to the minor coalition partners, in return for a stable majority. Alternatively, a minority government may be formed, establishing confidence and supply agreements in return for policy concessions agreed in advance, or relying on case by case support. In the Western Australian state election of 2008 the Australian Labor Party won more seats than
1264-484: A majority, or the formation of a minority government , where the ruling party receives confidence and supply from smaller parties or independent legislators. Alternatively, in some systems (notably in Canada ), a minority government may take office without any majority at all, and work with other parties on a case-by-case basis. If none of these solutions prove workable, the head of state may dissolve parliament, triggering
1343-436: A majority. On the other hand, if a prime minister in such a situation chooses not to resign, the leader of the largest opposition party will not become the prime minister–designate even if their party has the most seats. In the latter case, the prime minister must win a vote of confidence to remain in office. If they are immediately defeated in the house, the head of state (or representative thereof) in most Westminster systems has
1422-581: A minority government with the 3 independents. The 2010 Tasmanian state election resulted in a hung parliament. After a period of negotiation, the incumbent Labor government led by David Bartlett was recommissioned, but containing the Leader of the Tasmanian Greens, Nick McKim , as a minister, and the Greens' Cassy O'Connor as Cabinet Secretary. In the 2010 federal election , neither Labor nor
1501-423: A multi-party system in place, it has witnessed a clear majority parliament for 45 years against its transition to democratic republic being 70 years old. It has 8 recognized national parties with influence over major parts of India and regional parties with bases in certain states. From 1989 to 2014, India had a continuous period of parliaments producing coalition governments , with clearer majorities for
1580-618: A new Reform Party government. Massey governed through to his death in 1925, though in 1922 the Reform Party suffered major losses and Massey was forced negotiate with several Independent MPs to retain power. In 1928 , Reform were ousted from governance and Joseph Ward once again won back power. However, the Reform and United (Liberal) parties were tied on seats with Labour holding the balance of power. Labour chose to back Ward rather than let Reform leader Gordon Coates remain in office. In
1659-415: A new government. In most parliamentary systems, a hung parliament is considered exceptional and is often seen as undesirable. In other contexts, a hung parliament may be seen as ideal – for example, if opinions among the voting public are polarised regarding one or more issues, a hung parliament may lead to the emergence of a compromise or consensus. If a legislature is bicameral , the term "hung parliament"
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#17327721918081738-415: A new prime minister upon the resignation, dismissal or death of the incumbent prime minister. Invariably, sitting prime ministers who after an election have no reasonable hope of commanding the confidence of parliament will resign rather than face a certain vote of no confidence . If another party has won a majority government , the prime minister will formally advise the appointment of that party's leader as
1817-530: A second term. All parliamentary elections in Israel have resulted in hung parliaments. The Knesset consists of 120 members and the highest number of seats a single faction has ever received was the 56 members Alignment ( Ma'arach ) got in the October 1969 elections . When the same faction was formed in January 1969 it consisted of 63 members, the only instance to date of a faction with an absolute majority in
1896-485: A substantial period of time elapses between election and installation. For example, it was common in the 19th century to refer to a fiancée as a bride-elect . The bylaws of some clubs and other organizations may define an official position of president-elect similar to a vice president position. The members of the organization elect the president-elect, rather than directly electing the organization's president. The president-elect may be given limited duties, similar to
1975-457: A vice president. At the end of the term, the president-elect is promoted to the position of president, and a new president-elect is elected. The advantage of this schema is a clear continuity of succession, as well as the opportunity to familiarize the president-elect with the operations of the organization before becoming president. A possible drawback is that once a president-elect has been elected, another person cannot be elected president unless
2054-406: Is a term used in legislatures primarily under the Westminster system (typically employing majoritarian electoral systems ) to describe a situation in which no single political party or pre-existing coalition (also known as an alliance or bloc) has an absolute majority of legislators (commonly known as members or seats) in a parliament or other legislature . This situation is also known as
2133-625: Is rare for any one party to have a majority on its own. The last such occasion was in 1977. However, one or other coalitions are known to be possible before and during the election. Therefore, a "hung Dáil" (Dáil Éireann being the lower and most dominant chamber of the Oireachtas/Parliament) in Ireland refers more to the inability of a coalition of parties who traditionally enter government together or would be expected to govern together, from doing so. The President has no direct role in
2212-476: Is the norm). Consequently, the concept of a "hung parliament" is largely irrelevant in these systems, as a legislature without a single-party majority is the norm. In the Westminster system, in the absence of a clear majority, no party or coalition has an automatic constitutional entitlement to form government . This can result in the formation of a coalition government of parties which can together command
2291-412: Is usually possible for the prime minister–elect to claim victory on the night of the election". The media sometimes prematurely refers to someone as a prime minister–designate where the broader term of prime minister-in-waiting would be more suitable. Common circumstances when this happens include upcoming leadership elections where there is only one candidate and/or a clear majority of eligible voters in
2370-483: Is usually used only with respect to the lower house . In a multi-party system with legislators elected by proportional representation or a similar systems, it is usually exceptionally rare and difficult for any party to have an absolute majority. Under such situations, hung parliaments are often taken for granted and coalition governments are normal. However, the term may be used to describe an election in which no established coalition wins an outright majority (such as
2449-430: The de facto prerogative to refuse a request to dissolve the house. The leader of the largest opposition party therefore could still become prime minister–designate perhaps several weeks after the general election. The term prime minister–elect is sometimes used as a synonym, but in most circumstances it is technically incorrect: a prime minister is usually appointed by the head of state , and not elected to office by
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2528-491: The 2010 federal election , which resulted in an exact 72–72 seat tie between Labor and the Liberal-National Coalition, incumbent Prime Minister Julia Gillard secured the support of four out of six Independent and Green Party crossbenchers and continued to govern until 2013 . In the 2016 federal election a hung parliament was only narrowly averted with the Liberal-National Coalition winning 76 seats,
2607-471: The 2021 Yukon general election , in which the electoral district of Vuntut Gwitchin resulted in a tie. A judicial recount was held and the tie remained. A draw was held between the two candidates which ultimately named NDP challenger Annie Blake the winner against incumbent Liberal cabinet minister and MLA Pauline Frost . This victory ultimately resulted in a hung parliament in the Yukon legislature with
2686-537: The Australian Capital Territory in 2008 and 2012 and Tasmania in 2010 . Hung parliaments at either the federal and provincial level are an infrequent but not unusual occurrence in Canada. Hung Parliaments are commonly referred to as minority governments. Five of the previous seven recent federal elections have resulted in hung parliaments ( the 38th , the 39th , the 40th , the 43rd , and
2765-602: The Conservative and Liberal parties, managed to deliver Members of Parliament in significant numbers. Hung parliaments were thus rare, especially during the 19th century. The possibility of change arose when, in the aftermath of the Act of Union, 1800 , a number of Irish MPs took seats in the House, though initially these followed the traditional alignments. However, two Reform Acts ( in 1867 and in 1884 ) significantly extended
2844-518: The German federal election of 2005 or the 2018 Italian general election ). The term apparently emerged in the United Kingdom, around the time of the 1974 election, by analogy with a hung jury , that is, one unable to reach a verdict. [1] . However, whereas a hung jury results in a mistrial , requiring a new trial, there is no general rule under which the absence of a clear majority requires
2923-717: The Indian National Congress and Janata Party before this period and for the Bharatiya Janata Party after it. India returned to the norm of a hung parliament in the 2024 General Elections with both BJP and INC failing to produce majority in it. The confidence of Lok Sabha , lower house of Indian Parliament elected in general elections determines the prime minister and ruling party of India. Hung assemblies within states and alliances between national and regional parties at sub-national level are common. Because Ireland uses PR-STV , it
3002-717: The Liberal Party at 28 to 24. The National Party along with three independents had the seats needed to give either party a majority. To help the Liberal Party form government, the Nationals supported the party on the condition that the Royalties for Regions policy was implemented. In the 1999 Victorian state election , the Labor Party won 42 seats, while the incumbent Liberal National Coalition retained 43, with 3 seats falling to independents. The Labor Party formed
3081-719: The NDP holding the balance of power. The 2022 Fijian general election resulted in a hung parliament, with no party gaining a majority of seats. Although the FijiFirst party, led by then- Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama , won the most seats, the three other parties that won seats (the People's Alliance , the National Federation Party and the Social Democratic Liberal Party ) formed
3160-656: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia swore in Pakatan Harapan (PH) chairman Anwar Ibrahim , whose coalition won the most seats, as the tenth Prime Minister of Malaysia on 24 November 2022. To achieve a parliamentary majority, Pakatan Harapan formed a grand coalition government with Barisan Nasional (BN), Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS), Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) and various independent parties. Hung parliaments were relatively uncommon in New Zealand prior to
3239-524: The dissolution of parliament and a fresh election. In some parliamentary systems, however, a new government may be formed without recourse to an election – if, for example, a minor party holds the balance of power , it may publicly express for the opposition, thereby creating a new majority. The term "hung parliament" is most often used of parliaments dominated by two major parties or coalitions . General elections in such systems usually result in one party having an absolute majority and thus quickly forming
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3318-661: The presumptive Taoiseach , the Taoiseach-designate , the Taoiseach-in-waiting or more rarely the Taoiseach-elect , with no singular style predominating. In continental European Parliamentary systems, which frequently use proportional representation for elections to parliament, and have a multiparty system that makes it improbable for one party to win an outright majority, there is usually no Prime-Minister designate apparent right after
3397-478: The 44th ). Following all five elections the largest party ruled as a " minority government ". Although Canadian minority governments have tended to be short-lived, the two successive minorities under Prime Minister Stephen Harper managed to hold on to power from February 2006 until a no confidence vote in March 2011. The subsequent election saw a majority parliament elected with Harper's Conservative Party obtaining
3476-539: The Australian Labor Party competes against a permanent Liberal-National Coalition of the conservative parties, has existed with only brief interruptions since the early 20th century. Prior to 1910, no party had had a majority in the House of Representatives . As a result, there were frequent changes of government, several of which took place during parliamentary terms. Since 1910, when the two-party system
3555-649: The Communists' or the Centrists' support in Parliament (depending on the issue). In the 2022 French legislative elections , a hung parliament occurred again with President Macron's Ensemble coalition as the largest bloc in the National Assembly. Both the President and the Prime Minister held talks with opposition leaders in order to try forming a coalition government with the centre-right (LR) and
3634-637: The Conservative government of John Major (1990–97) and in mid-1978 to the Labour government of James Callaghan (1976–79); this latter period covers the era known as the Winter of Discontent . The minority government of Jim Callaghan came when Labour ended their 15-month Lib–Lab pact with the Liberals, having lost their majority in early 1977. According to researchers Andrew Blick and Stuart Wilks-Heeg,
3713-483: The Conservatives in favour of a Liberal/NDP coalition government . On 4 December 2008, Governor General Michaëlle Jean granted Prime Minister Stephen Harper a prorogation on the condition that parliament reconvene early in the new year. The first session of the 40th parliament thus ended, delaying and ultimately avoiding a vote of non-confidence. At the territorial level, a unique situation happened in
3792-474: The Conservatives won the most seats and governed with the support of the fragment of Liberalism opposed to Home Rule, the Liberal Unionist Party . Both the election of January 1910 , and that of December 1910 produced a hung parliament with an almost identical number of seats won by the governing Liberal Party and the Conservative Party. This was due both to the constitutional crisis and to
3871-493: The Knesset. The lowest number of seats the largest faction has ever received in a Knesset election was 26 members received by One Israel in the 1999 Israeli general election . The 2022 general election of Malaysia resulted in a hung parliament with no party or party coalition winning a simple majority for the first time in Malaysian history. Following five days of deliberation and negotiations within coalitions and parties,
3950-598: The Liberal coalition secured the majority of seats required to form a Government in their own right. In order to counter the potential instability of minority government involved groups may negotiate written agreements defining their terms of support. Such measures were undertaken by the Gillard Government in 2010. In the 1988 French legislative elections , a hung parliament occurred with the Socialists as
4029-493: The Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party, David Cameron , from calling a snap election to end the hung parliament, as many other Conservatives had requested. Hung parliaments can also arise when slim government majorities are eroded by by-election defeats and defection of Members of Parliament to opposition parties, as well as resignations of MPs from the House of Commons . This happened in December 1996 to
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#17327721918084108-828: The bare minimum required to form a majority government. The Liberal-National Coalition government lost its majority government status after a by-election in 2018 , but regained its majority in 2019 . Hung parliaments are rather more common at a state level. The Tasmanian House of Assembly and the unicameral Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly are both elected by Hare-Clark proportional representation, thus, elections commonly return hung parliaments. In other states and territories, candidates contest single-member seats. With far fewer seats than federal parliament, hung parliaments are more likely to be elected. Recent examples include New South Wales in 1991 and 2023 , Queensland in 1998 and 2015 , Victoria in 1999 , South Australia in 1997 and 2002 , Western Australia in 2008 ,
4187-473: The centre-left (PS and the Greens), or at least reaching some sort of confidence-and-supply deal with them. Talks rapidly failed since no opposition party showed interest in propelling Macron's administration. In July 2022, Prime Minister Borne reshuffled her Cabinet and officially formed a minority government . As of June 2023, it is still the current government of France. In India , if an election results in
4266-456: The current governing party. Under the broader definition, many prime ministers-in-waiting never actually become prime minister. In some countries the role is specifically covered by legislation, in others convention applies before the chosen leader is sworn in. The Australian Electoral Commission , the government authority responsible for the conduct of elections in Australia , notes that "it
4345-517: The election have pledged to vote for a particular candidate. For example, in the United Kingdom during the 2007 Labour Party leadership election , Gordon Brown was referred to as the prime minister–designate even before the leadership elections had confirmed him in that position. Some reporters have suggested that in such circumstances, the term prime minister-presumptive would be more suitable than either "in-waiting" or "designate" since
4424-443: The election. Rather, the outgoing caretaker government continues to serve in a lame duck capacity, while the head of state consults with representatives of the parties represented in the new parliament, and designates a formateur to form a majority coalition. The formateur only becomes prime minister-designate once the coalition formation is finalized; in turn, the prime-minister designate only becomes prime minister after receiving
4503-593: The entire nation, as is the case with some presidential polls. However, it has nonetheless seen common use in the media. Terms such as incoming prime minister and prime minister–in-waiting are also sometimes used, although the latter term is also sometimes used prior to an election for a party leader who is leading in the polls and/or has a meaningful chance of winning, or even more generally at any time between elections in reference to any opposition party leader (regardless of his or her party's perceived electoral prospects) and even for future leadership contenders within
4582-522: The first MMP election in 1996 until the 2020 election no single party gained an outright majority in parliament. The 2020 election was the first to return a majority – a narrow majority for the Labour Party – since 1993. In the United Kingdom , before World War I, a largely stable two-party system existed for generations; traditionally, only the Tories and Whigs , or from the mid-19th century
4661-534: The formation of governments in the case of a hung parliament. However, he retains the power to convene a meeting of either or both the Dáil and Senate which could become important if there was a government trying to use parliamentary recess to prevent confidence votes and hold onto power. The President may also refuse to dissolve Dáil Eireann and call an election if the Taoiseach loses a vote of confidence, instead giving
4740-460: The franchise and redrew the constituencies, and coincided with a change in Irish politics . Following the 1885 general election , neither party had an overall majority. The Irish Parliamentary Party held the balance of power and made Irish Home Rule a condition of their support. However, the Liberal Party split on the issue of Irish Home Rule, leading to another general election in 1886 , in which
4819-415: The incoming head of government will spend two or three weeks as prime minister–designate before being formally sworn in as prime minister. This is not the case in the United Kingdom itself however, where an opposition leader who wins a clear majority in a general election is expected to assume office as soon as possible, often within 24 hours after the polls close. The situation is more complicated in case of
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#17327721918084898-428: The introduction of proportional representation in 1993. On only four occasions since the beginnings of party politics in 1890 had a hung parliament occurred under the first-past-the-post system: in 1911 , 1922 , 1928 and 1931 . The rarity between 1936 and 1996 was due to the regression into a two-party system, alternating between the long dominating New Zealand Labour Party and New Zealand National Party . From
4977-497: The largest party. Following talks with parliamentary leaders, Prime Minister Michel Rocard formed a new minority government, incorporating centrist ministers in a sort of unofficial coalition with the pivotal independent centrist group in the Assembly, ensuring a somewhat stable government until 1991. His direct successors, Prime Ministers Édith Cresson and Pierre Bérégovoy , both formed minority governments, relying alternately on
5056-520: The most votes. A vote of no confidence was placed by Reform and the Liberals survived by just one vote. This prompted Prime Minister Sir Joseph Ward to resign, his replacement Thomas Mackenzie was later defeated in July 1912 in a vote with several MPs and Labour crossing the floor to vote with the opposition, the last time in New Zealand history a government has changed on a confidence vote. This broke 23 years of Liberal governance and William Massey formed
5135-440: The new prime minister. There is usually no set minimum or maximum amount of time set aside for the transition to take place, but often in countries that have adopted the Westminster system the incoming head of government will want two or three weeks to put affairs in order and determine who should get cabinet posts, which itself might require more time especially if recounts involving prospective frontbenchers are in progress. As such,
5214-762: The next election in 1931 , there was again a three-way deadlock. On this occasion the Reform and United parties became a coalition government out of mutual fear of Labour's ever-increasing appeal as the Great Depression worsened. 1993 was the last time a hung parliament occurred in New Zealand. Governor-General Dame Catherine Tizard asked Sir David Beattie to form a committee, along with three retired appeal court judges, to decide whom to appoint as Prime Minister. However, National won an extra seat after special votes were counted, giving National 50 seats and Labour 45 seats (4 were won by third-party candidates). Labour's Sir Peter Tapsell agreed to become Speaker of
5293-440: The norm, a hung parliament is often viewed as an unusual and undesirable election result, leading to relatively weak and unstable government. A period of uncertainty after the election is common, as major party leaders negotiate with independents and minor parties to establish a working majority. An aspiring head of government may seek to build a coalition government ; in Westminster systems , this typically involves agreement on
5372-526: The other parties a chance to see if they can put together a government without proceeding to another election. In 2016, Fine Gael and Labour, who had been in government the previous five years, were unable, due to Labour's collapse, to enter government again. Fianna Fáil had enough seats to put together a rainbow government with the other centre-left, hard left parties and independents but negotiations broke down. Fianna Fáil had also promised not to enter coalition with Sinn Féin. The press began to speculate about
5451-408: The person who is expected to succeed an incumbent as prime minister , or premier , as the result of a general election, winning the leadership of a currently governing party, or being named by the head of state to form a new government. In the Westminster system , which originated in what is now the United Kingdom , the head of state or his/her representative has the sole prerogative to appoint
5530-732: The phrase "hung parliament" did not enter into common usage in the UK until the mid-1970s. It was first used in the press by journalist Simon Hoggart in The Guardian in 1974. Academic treatments of hung parliaments include David Butler 's Governing Without a Majority: Dilemmas for Hung Parliaments in Britain (Sheridan House, 1986) and Vernon Bogdanor 's 'Multi-Party Politics and the Constitution' (Cambridge University Press, 1983). In countries where parliaments under majority control are
5609-445: The president-elect resigns or is removed from office. The position of president-elect is different from someone who was elected president and is called "president-elect" between the time of election and the start of the term. For example, if an election for president was held in January, but the term of office does not begin until March, the person who was elected president may be called "president-elect" but does not hold any power until
5688-516: The prospects of accession are typically similar to that of an heir presumptive in a monarchy or a presumptive nominee in a United States presidential election . In the Republic of Ireland , where the prime minister and head of government is officially titled and referred to in both English and Irish as the Taoiseach , the person most expected to succeed to the office is variously described as
5767-526: The rise of the Labour Party . The elections of 1929 resulted in the last hung parliament for many years; in the meantime, Labour had replaced the Liberals as one of the two dominating parties. Since the elections of 1929, three general elections have resulted in hung parliaments in the UK. The first was the election in February 1974 , and the ensuing parliament lasted only until October . The second
5846-589: The role and duration of the prime minister–elect was prescribed by Israeli legislation: within 45 days of the publication of the election results (which were published eight days after elections) the prime minister–elect would have appeared before the Knesset , presented the Ministers of the Government , announced the division of tasks and the guiding principles of the government's policies, and, after receiving
5925-411: The state concerned, in the case of state elections, would attempt to give opportunities to the parties, starting with the one that got the maximum number of seats in the elections, to explore possibilities of forming a coalition government, before bringing in President's Rule. The first such occasion was in 1911 when the Liberal Party won fewer seats than the opposition Reform Party despite tallying
6004-399: The term begins in March. On the other hand, someone in the position of president-elect has all the powers of that position that the bylaws provide. Similarly, organizations may have other official positions such as vice president-elect, secretary-treasurer-elect, director-elect, and chair-elect. Prime minister%E2%80%93designate A prime minister–designate or premier–designate is
6083-456: Was cemented, there have been two hung parliaments, the first in 1940, and the second in 2010. At the 1940 federal election , incumbent Prime Minister Robert Menzies secured the support of the two crossbenchers and continued to govern, but in 1941 the independents switched their support to Labor, bringing John Curtin to power. Declining support for the major parties in recent times is leading to more non-majoritarian outcomes at elections. At
6162-508: Was confirmed and actually became pope. The term entered politics with the practice of elective monarchy . For example, the Holy Roman emperor was elected by a college of prince-electors , but the winning candidate would not become emperor until he was crowned by the pope. Between election and coronation, he was known as the imperator electus , or emperor-elect. By the 19th century, the term had expanded to describe any position in which
6241-599: Was the May 2010 election , the result of which was a hung parliament with the Conservative party as the largest single party. The results for the 3 main parties were: Conservatives 306, Labour 258, Liberal Democrats 57. The third one resulted from the snap election held in June 2017 that had been called for by Theresa May in order to strengthen her majority heading into Brexit negotiations later in 2017. However, this election backfired on May and her Conservative Party , resulting in
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