51-796: Maynilad Water Services, Inc. , better known as Maynilad , is the water and wastewater services provider of cities and municipalities that form the West Zone of the Greater Manila Area in the Philippines . It is an agent and contractor of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS). Maynilad is one of two private water providers in Metro Manila , the other being Manila Water . Incorporated in 1997, Maynilad currently serves over 9 million people in
102-457: A Non-Revenue Water (NRW) level of 67%—meaning two-thirds of the potable water it was producing was being lost. Most of the water—some 75% —was lost through the old and inefficient distribution system Maynilad inherited from the government and its previous owners. In fact, the company’s pipe network is considered the oldest in Asia, some dating back to the time when the Philippines was still under
153-650: A P9.264-million fine for “unusual and prolonged” service interruptions experienced by customers from May to July 2022. The MWSS also penalized Maynilad in February 2022 for unusual and prolonged service interruptions within the Putatan Water Treatment Plant supply zone, equivalent to a rebate of P323 in the April bill. When Maynilad was re-privatized in 2007, the company was losing some 1,500 million liters of treated water per day. This translated to
204-958: A navigation lane for passenger boats since the Spanish colonial era . It is also used as a source of water for the Kalayaan Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric Project in Kalayaan, Laguna . Other uses include fishery , aquaculture , recreation , food support for the growing duck industry, irrigation and a "virtual" cistern for domestic, agricultural, and industrial effluents . On December 15, 2023, Marcos, Jr., assisted by Maynilad president and CEO Ramoncito Fernandez, MWSS administrator, Leonor Cleofas and Manuel Pangilinan inaugurated Maynilad Water Services ’s P11-billion Poblacion Water Treatment Plant in Muntinlupa City. The operation and maintenance of
255-558: A privately owned island off the coast of mainland Cardona, Rizal ; Malahi Island which used to be the site of Maligi Island military reservation, near the southern tip of Talim; the nearby islands of Bonga and Pihan, also in Cardona; and Bay Island off the coast of Bay, Laguna , which is closely associated with the precolonial crocodile-deity myths of that town. The lake is fed by 45,000 km (17,000 sq mi) of catchment areas and its 21 major tributaries . Among these are
306-677: Is bordered by the province of Laguna in the east, west and southwest, the province of Rizal in the north to northeast, and Metropolitan Manila in the northwest. The lake has an average depth of 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) and its excess water is discharged through the Pasig River . The middle part of Laguna de Bay between Mount Sembrano and Talim Island , is the Laguna Caldera believed to have been formed by two major volcanic eruptions, around 1 million and 27,000–29,000 years ago. Remnants of its volcanic history are shown by
357-480: Is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people. As a generic term, wastewater may also describe water containing contaminants accumulated in other settings, such as: Laguna de Bay Laguna de Bay ( Spanish for "Lagoon/Lake of Bay "; Filipino : Lawa ng Bay , [bɐˈʔi] ), also known as Laguna Lake and alternatively spelled " Laguna de Bae ",
408-490: Is conducted every five to seven years. Wastewater Wastewater (or waste water ) is water generated after the use of freshwater , raw water , drinking water or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes. Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration ". In everyday usage, wastewater
459-494: Is cultivated extensively in the floodway as well. The Laguna Lakeshore Expressway Dike is a proposed expressway in the coastal area of Laguna de Bay in the Philippines , from Taguig in Metro Manila to Calamba and Los Baños in Laguna . The project will involve the construction of a 47-kilometer-long (29 mi), six-lane dike including bridges, pumping stations and ancillary flood gates. The project will also involve
510-466: Is expected. Of the said figure, about 695 have wastewater treatment facilities. Despite this, the lake is absorbing huge amounts of pollution from these industries in the forms of discharges of industrial cooling water, toxic spills from barges and transport operations, and hazardous chemicals like lead, mercury, aluminum and cyanide. Based from the said figure, 65% are classified as "pollutive" industries. The hastened agricultural modernization throughout
561-436: Is the largest lake in the Philippines . It is located southeast of Metro Manila , between the provinces of Laguna to the south and Rizal to the north. A freshwater lake, it has a surface area of 911–949 km (352–366 sq mi), with an average depth of about 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) and an elevation of about one meter above sea level. The lake is shaped like a crow's foot, with two peninsulas jutting out from
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#1732797834734612-729: Is the main source of water for Metro Manila . It supplies about 90 percent of raw water requirements for Metro Manila through the facilities of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System . Maynilad is sourcing its more than 90 percent raw water supply requirement from Angat Dam. Laguna de Bay is another source of water for Maynilad, mainly serving Muntinlupa and Cavite. On December 15, 2023, President Bongbong Marcos , assisted by Maynilad president and CEO Ramoncito Fernandez, MWSS administrator, Leonor Cleofas and Manuel Pangilinan inaugurated MWS’ ₱11-billion Poblacion Water Treatment Plant in Muntinlupa . The operation and maintenance of
663-597: The Cavite Business Area into 2 sub-office. East Cavite Business Area West Cavite Business Area By the end of 2018, Maynilad posted a total of 1,407,503 accounts or about 9.5 million people in its customer base. Since 2019, there have been unexplained daily service interruptions that have been penalized by the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System Regulatory Office (MWSS-RO). The MWSS last September 2022 slapped Maynilad with
714-1319: The International Water Association and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN Habitat). Aside from water services, Maynilad also manages wastewater in the West Zone in the form of sewerage and sanitation services. Sewerage services involve the treatment of wastewater conveyed via a sewer network to Maynilad’s sewage treatment plants. At present, only residents and establishments in Ayala Alabang Village in Muntinlupa, Magallanes Village in Makati , portions of Manila , Malabon , and Navotas , Project 7 and Project 8 in Quezon City , and portions of South Caloocan may connect to Maynilad’s sewerage system. Meanwhile, Maynilad offers sanitation services or septic tank cleaning to households that are not yet connected to its sewer system. Septic tank cleaning or desludging comes at no extra cost for residential and semi-business account holders, and
765-1300: The Pagsanjan River which is the source of 35% of the Lake's water, the Santa Cruz River which is the source of 15% of the Lake's water, the Marikina River (through the Manggahan Floodway ), the Mangangate River , the Tunasan River , the San Pedro River , the Cabuyao River , the San Cristobal River , the San Juan River , the Bay , Calo and Maitem rivers in Bay , the Molawin , Dampalit and Pele rivers in Los Baños ,
816-777: The Pangil River , the Tanay River , the Morong River , the Siniloan River and the Sapang Baho River . The lake is primarily drained through the Pasig River , which is technically a tidal estuary instead of a unidirectional "river." The lake is a multipurpose resource, used for fishery, transportation, irrigation of agricultural lands, power generation, and as a reservoir for regional flood management, among other things. The lake has been used as
867-620: The water privatization in Metro Manila , the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System awarded contracts to two companies splitting Metro Manila into a west and east zones. Maynilad Water Services Inc. was formed in 1997 as a partnership of the Benpres Holdings Corporation (now the Lopez Group of Companies ) and Ondeo Water Services Inc. after it won the bidding to run the water and wastewater services in
918-572: The Continuous and Comprehensive Monitoring System (CCMS) provided by the Japanese government. Laguna de Bay has had a significant impact on the cultures of the communities that grew up around its shores, ranging from folk medicine to architecture. For example, the traditional cure for a child constantly experiencing nose bleed in Victoria, Laguna is to have the child submerge his or her head in
969-718: The LLDA only if the wastewater being discharged complied with the said order. According to the Clean Water Act of 2004, the DENR (through the LLDA) shall implement a wastewater charge system in all management areas including the Laguna Lake region and Regional Industrial Centers through the collection of wastewater charges/fees. The system shall be established on the basis of payment to the government for discharging wastewater into
1020-826: The Laguna Lake Drinking Water Treatment Plant was awarded by Maynilad Water Services to Acciona , CEO José Díaz-Caneja, and D.M Consulting Inc. -DMCI Holdings, Inc. It will process 150 million liters of drinking water a day from Laguna de Bay. Because of its importance in the development of the Laguna de Bay Region, unlike other lakes in the country, its water quality and general condition are closely monitored. This important water resource has been greatly affected by development pressures like population growth, rapid industrialization , and resources allocation. At least 18 fish species are known from Laguna de Bay; none are strictly endemic to
1071-556: The Laguna Lake Drinking Water Treatment Plant was awarded by MWS to Acciona , CEO José Díaz-Caneja, and D.M Consulting Inc. -DMCI Holdings, Inc. It will process 150 million liters (40 × 10 ^ U.S. gal) of drinking water a day from Laguna de Bay . On April 15, 2024, it won the “Water Project of the Year” in the London Global Water Awards by Global Water Summit. by February 1, 2021, Maynilad divided
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#17327978347341122-492: The Pasig River to regulate the tidal flow of saline water between Manila Bay and the lake, and to prevent the intrusion of polluted water into the lake. It has a fully gated diversion dam at its head and was designed with a width of 260 meters (850 ft). Over 40,000 households are situated along the floodway's banks and these shoreline slums have reduced its effective width to 220 meters (720 ft). Kangkong
1173-492: The Spanish rule. While a massive pipe replacement program would have dramatically reduced its NRW in a short amount of time, Maynilad decided against it because it would ultimately result in significantly higher tariffs for its customers. Instead, it invested in its human resources, technical equipment, engineering methodologies and internal procedures so it could serve more people through less water losses. After launching what
1224-626: The West Zone. Benpres eventually left the partnership in 2006 to settle a US$ 240 million debt. Then January 24, 2007, a consortium led by Metro Pacific Investments Corporation and the DMCI Holdings, Inc. took over the company and paid the debt by January 2008. In late 2019, leading figures Manny Pangilinan of Maynilad along with Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala of Ayala Corporation -led Manila Water (MWC), were then threatened of arrest by President Rodrigo Duterte due to accusations of syndicated estafa, economic sabotage, among others. This
1275-412: The allowable limit. The Manggahan Floodway is an artificially constructed waterway in Metro Manila , Philippines. The floodway was built in 1986, with the cost of 1.1 billion pesos, in order to reduce flooding along the Pasig River during the rainy season, by diverting the peak water flows of the Marikina River to Laguna de Bay, which serves as a temporary reservoir. In case the water level on
1326-592: The cities of Caloocan , Las Piñas , Malabon , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasay , and Valenzuela ; along with most of the City of Manila and portions of Quezon City and Makati west of the Metro Manila Skyway . Outside of Metro Manila , in Cavite Province it serves the cities of Cavite , Bacoor and Imus and the municipalities of Kawit , Noveleta and Rosario . As part of
1377-459: The cost of administering the discharge permitting and water pollution charge system; c) reflect damages caused by water pollution on the surrounding environment, including the cost of rehabilitation; d) type of pollutant; e) classification of the receiving water body; and f) other special attributes of the water body. CECAM is a 5-year research cooperation between Japanese and Filipino scientists. Seven monitoring instruments are being used as part of
1428-714: The early colonial times, "Bayi" or "Vahi". The town's name is believed to have come from the Tagalog word for "settlement" ( bahayan ), and is related to the words for "house" ( bahay ), "shore" ( baybayin ), and "boundary" ( baybay ), among others. The introduction of the English language during the American administration of the Philippines , elicited confusion as the English word " bay ", referring to another body of water,
1479-645: The existing road networks. The Export-Import Bank of Korea-Economic Development Cooperation Fund (KEXIM-EDCF) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) will jointly finance the project. The Manila Water began laying down in 2021 two high density polyethylene (HDPE) underground and 21 km submarine pipes from Binangonan , Cardona , Morong , and Pililla to expand their services under the East Bay Phase 1 Project. These two pipes once completed will deliver 50 million liters per day (MLD) to
1530-566: The families living along the shoreline do not have toilets and/or septic tanks. In 2018 a survey on Microplastics were conducted by researchers from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines , and have found out that the Laguna de Bay is heavily polluted with microplastics. The study involved three (3) barangays and these are Napindan , San Isidro, and Sampiruhan. Among the barangays, Sampiruhan in Calamba, Laguna has
1581-700: The lake is higher than the Marikina River, the floodway can also reverse the flow. By design, the Manggahan Floodway is capable of handling 2,400 cubic meters per second of water flow, although the actual flow is about 2,000 cubic meters per second. To complement the floodway, the Napindan Hydraulic Control System (NHCS) was built in 1983 at the confluence of the Marikina River and the Napindan Channel of
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1632-788: The lake is often incorrectly called "Laguna Bay," including in government websites, or "Laguna Lake", which is used by the Laguna Lake Development Authority . Laguna de Bay is a large shallow freshwater body in the heart of Luzon Island with an aggregate area of about 911 km (352 sq mi) and a shoreline of 220 km (140 mi). It is considered to be the third largest inland body of water in Southeast Asia after Tonle Sap in Cambodia and Lake Toba in Sumatra , Indonesia . Laguna de Bay
1683-480: The lake, but 3 are endemic to the Philippines: Gobiopterus lacustris , Leiopotherapon plumbeus and Zenarchopterus philippinus . Aquaculture is widespread in Laguna de Bay, but often involves non-native species. Some of these, such as the janitor fish , clown knifefish , Thai catfish , and blackchin tilapia , have escaped and have become invasive species , representing a threat to
1734-492: The lake, hurting its economic importance to the country. As population expands in the Bay, its expected to rely more heavily on the lake for freshwater supply, thus water quality directly affects human populations. Laguna de Bay means "Lagoon of [the town of] Bay" for the lakeshore town of Bay (pronounced Bä'ï), the former provincial capital of Laguna province. Alternate spellings of the town's name include "Bae" or "Ba-i", and in
1785-632: The most microplastics, with a median of 15 ranging from 11 to 24 microplastics per 1000 liters of lake water. The data from the conducted survey is available in Mendeley Data. On January 29, 2008, the Mamamayan Para sa Pagpapanatili ng Pagpapaunlad ng Lawa ng Laguna (Mapagpala) accused the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) of the deterioration of Laguna de Bay due to multiplication of fish pens beyond
1836-469: The native fish. Government data showed that about 60% of the estimated 8.4 million people residing in the Laguna de Bay Region discharge their solid and liquid wastes indirectly to the lake through its tributaries. A large percentage of these wastes are mainly agricultural while the rest are either domestic or industrial According to DENR (1997), domestic and industrial wastes contribute almost equally at 30% each. Meanwhile, agricultural wastes take up
1887-423: The northern shore and filling the large volcanic Laguna Caldera . In the middle of the lake is the large island of Talim . The lake is one of the primary sources of freshwater fish in the country. Its water drains to Manila Bay via the Pasig River . Environmental issues such as water quality problems created by population pressure and industrialization , invasive species and overfishing are of concern for
1938-526: The presence of series of maars around the area of Tadlac Lake and Mayondon hill in Los Baños, Laguna , another maar at the southern end of Talim Island , and a solfataric field in Jala Jala. Known lake islands include Talim , the largest and most populated island on the lake; Calamba Island , which is completely occupied by the Wonder Island resort in Calamba, Laguna ; Cielito Lindo,
1989-516: The programs that aimed to develop and protect Laguna de Bay is the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), signed into law under Republic Act (RA) 4850 in 1966 during the Marcos administration . Originally only created as a quasi-government agency with regulatory and proprietary functions, its charter was strengthened by Presidential Decree (PD) 817 in 1975 and by Executive Order (EO) 927 in 1983 to include environmental protection and jurisdiction over
2040-413: The province at the southern shore of the lake, and not the lake itself. The province, though, was in turn named after the lake and was originally called La Laguna until the early 20th century. In the pre-Hispanic era, the lake was known as "Puliran Kasumuran" ( Laguna Copperplate Inscription , c. 900 AD), and later by "Pulilan" ( Vocabulario de la lengua tagala , 1613. Pila, Laguna ). Currently,
2091-489: The reclamation of 700 hectares (1,700 acres) west of and abutting the expressway dike, separated from the shoreline by a 100-to-150-meter (330 to 490 ft) channel in Taguig and Muntinlupa. The project aims to provide a high-standard highway that will speed up traffic between the southern part of Metro Manila and Laguna and a dike that would mitigate flooding in the western coastal communities along Laguna Lake. The project
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2142-532: The region took its toll on the lake. This paved the way for massive and intensified use of chemical based fertilizers and pesticides whose residues eventually find their way to the lake basin. These chemicals induce rapid algal growth in the area that depleted oxygen levels in the water. Hence, oxygen available to the lake is being used up thereby depleting the available oxygen for the fish, causing massive fish kills . A 2012 study found excessive pesticide use largely attributed to overapplication of pesticides close to
2193-421: The remaining 40%. In a recent sensitivity waste load model ran by the Laguna Lake Development Authority's (LLDA) Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) division, it revealed that 70% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) loadings came from households, 19% from industries, and 11% came from land run-off or erosion (LLDA, 2005). As far as industries and factories are concerned, there are about 1,481 and increase
2244-623: The said area. The environmental impact of the project was worked on by the University of the Philippines Los Baños . East Bay Phase 2 Project will involve construction of a water treatment plant (WTP) at Bgy. Kabulusan, Pakil, Laguna beginning 2023. The WTP once completed will produce 200 MLD for the Metro Manila East Zone through the submarine pipeline under the lake. The main agency tasked to oversee
2295-500: The surface waters of the lake basin. In 1993, by virtue of the devolution, the administrative supervision of the LLDA was transferred to the DENR by EO 149. The technical aspect regarding the quality of wastewater is given in DENR Administrative Order 1990–35. The order defines the critical water parameters' value versus the classification of the body of water (e.g., lake or river). Discharge permits are issued by
2346-408: The water bodies. Wastewater charges shall be established taking into consideration the following: a) to provide strong economic inducement for polluters to modify their production or management processes or to invest in pollution control technology in order to reduce the amount of water pollutants generated; b) to cover the cost of administering water quality management or improvement programs, including
2397-430: The waterways. As far as domestic wastes are concerned, around 10% of the 4,100 metric tons (4,000 long tons; 4,500 short tons) of waste generated by residents of Metro Manila are dumped into the lake, causing siltation of the lake. As reported by the now defunct Metropolitan Manila Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), only 15% of the residents in the area have an effective waste disposal system. Moreover, around 85% of
2448-490: Was after MWC won a tariff-related international arbitration against the government. The sequence of events resulted to the renegotation of contracts and for Maynilad's part, culminating to enactment of Republic Act No. 11600 . As part of the franchise grant conditions, as passed by the legislative department and concurred by the Duterte, it has to be publicly listed in the local bourse on or before January 2027. Angat Dam
2499-443: Was dubbed as the “largest NRW management project in the world”, Maynilad has successfully brought down its NRW level to an all-time low of 27% by the end of 2018. In 2017, Maynilad plugged a total of 26,792 pipe leaks within its concessionaire area thus bringing the company’s total leak repairs to 316,757 since its re-privatization in 2007. Maynilad’s water loss reduction efforts have been recognized by various organizations including
2550-879: Was initially conceived as a public-private partnership project, but the project was not successful in receiving bids. The project would later be revised as an untolled highway, known as the Laguna Lakeshore Road Network (LLRN) under a new proposal. The highway project has a total length of about 37.4 kilometers (km) expressway from Lower Bicutan in NCR to Calamba in Laguna Province, consisting of (i) 11.7 km long viaduct from Lower Bicutan to Tunasan; and (ii) 25.7km long combination of shoreline viaduct and embankment from Tunasan to Calamba. The expressway will be an access-controlled road with eight interchanges, with an access road at each interchange to connect to
2601-412: Was mistakenly substituted to the town name that led to its mispronunciation. However, the word "Bay" in Laguna de Bay has always referred to the town. The Spanish word laguna refers to not just lagoons but also for freshwater lakes , aside from lago . This would make the lake's alternate name, "Laguna Lake", tautological . However, the "Laguna" in "Laguna Lake" refers to the province of Laguna,
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