The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (A CMStP&P ), better known as the Milwaukee Road ( reporting mark MILW ), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.
80-631: Mazomanie / ˌ m eɪ z oʊ ˈ m eɪ n i / is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin , United States. The population was 1,768 at the 2020 census . The village is located within the Town of Mazomanie . It is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area . Mazomanie is located at 43°10′28″N 89°47′41″W / 43.17444°N 89.79472°W / 43.17444; -89.79472 . According to
160-400: A consonant may be softened to mąza- or mąze- , although the free standing form mąz is also known. This is seen in the variant forms mązara , mązera , "the ax." In like fashion, in the same sources, we find the names Mązawįga or Mązewįga , "Iron Woman." This accounts for the variant name of the chief recorded by Col. John Kinsey as Mau-zay-mau-nee-kaw [ Mązemąnįka ]. The second part of
240-405: A general fertility rate of 51.7 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, the eighth lowest rate out of all 72 Wisconsin counties. Of these, 73 of the births occurred at home, the fifth highest number of home births for Wisconsin counties. 428 of the births were to mothers who held doctorate or professional degrees, more than any other Wisconsin county. These accounted for 7.3% of total births for the county,
320-441: A higher percent than any other Wisconsin county and more than Ozaukee County which had 5.8% of births to mothers who held doctorate or professional degrees and ranked second. As of the census of 2020 , the population was 561,504. The population density was 469.3 inhabitants per square mile (181.2/km ). There were 248,795 housing units at an average density of 207.9 units per square mile (80.3 units/km ). The racial makeup of
400-474: A large public university, Dane County is solidly Democratic, with a long history in the progressive movement. It has backed the Democratic presidential nominee in every election since 1932 with the exception of the two nationwide landslide victories of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956 , and even then, Eisenhower's margin of victory was under 3% both times. Since then, Republicans have only crossed
480-510: A male householder with no wife present, and 32.8% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age in the village was 37.3 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 11.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
560-602: A merger with a larger system, not a slightly smaller one, could save the railroad. Almost immediately, the railroad filed unsuccessfully with the ICC to be included in the Union Pacific merger with the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad . By the mid-1970s, deferred maintenance on Milwaukee Road's physical plant, which had been increasing throughout the 1960s as it attempted to improve its financial appearance for merger,
640-520: A second trial was acquitted. Dousman acted as guardian of Poquette's orphaned children and petitioned to secure for them a pension. Dodsworth concludes that the town was intended to have been named for the Dakota chief. However, the proper rendering of the Dakota name is Máza-máni , lacking the nasalized letter to which Brodhead referred. Furthermore, neither of them was "an Indian chief in our state [Wisconsin]," but were from Minnesota. The real attraction of
720-653: A single building, the Wisconsin Heights High School , which enrolls about 380 students. The middle school and high school serves students from Mazomanie, Black Earth and other communities in the area. Dane County, Wisconsin Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . As of the 2020 census , the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County . The county seat
800-638: Is Madison , which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area , as well as the Madison– Janesville – Beloit combined statistical area . Dane County was formed in 1836 as a territorial county and organized in 1839. It was named after Nathan Dane , a Massachusetts delegate to the Congress of the Confederation who helped carve Wisconsin out of
880-752: Is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains. The railroad that became the Milwaukee Road began as the Milwaukee and Waukesha Railroad in Wisconsin , whose goal was to link the developing Lake Michigan port City of Milwaukee with the Mississippi River . The company incorporated in 1847, but changed its name to
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#1732775764969960-476: Is governed by a county executive and a county board of supervisors. The county executive is elected in a countywide vote. The county executive is Joe Parisi . The board of supervisors consists of 37 members, each elected from single member districts. As the policy-making body of the county government, the board of supervisors enacts county ordinances, levies taxes, and appropriates money for services. Like most other counties anchored by an urban population center and
1040-627: The Gallatin Gateway Inn in Montana, southwest of Bozeman , via a spur from Three Forks . The reorganized company scarcely had a chance for success before the Great Depression hit. Despite innovations such as the famous Hiawatha high-speed trains that exceeded 100 mph (160 km/h), the railroad again filed for bankruptcy in 1935. The Milwaukee Road operated under trusteeship until December 1, 1945. During WWII
1120-779: The Milwaukee District West and Milwaukee District North Lines respectively, were turned over to the Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Rail Corporation, a forerunner of commuter rail agency Metra ). Still in reorganization, the Milwaukee Road attracted interest from three potential buyers: the Grand Trunk Corporation , the Chicago and North Western Railway , and the Soo Line Railroad . The Interstate Commerce Commission approved
1200-582: The Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad in 1850 before construction began. Its first line, 5 miles (8.0 km) long, opened between Milwaukee and Wauwatosa , on November 20, 1850. Extensions followed to Waukesha in February 1851, Madison , and finally the Mississippi River at Prairie du Chien in 1857. As a result of the financial panic of 1857, the M&;M went into receivership in 1859, and
1280-617: The National Register of Historic Places , the best known among these the Mazomanie Railroad Depot which has, with minor changes, remained as it was when it was built in 1857. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,652 people, 689 households, and 463 families residing in the village. The population density was 902.7 inhabitants per square mile (348.5/km). There were 734 housing units at an average density of 401.1 per square mile (154.9/km). The racial makeup of
1360-508: The Northwest Territory . Dane County was settled in the 1840s by settlers from New England . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has an area of 1,238 square miles (3,210 km ), of which 1,197 square miles (3,100 km ) is land and 41 square miles (110 km ) (3.3%) is water. Freight Public Transit Intercity Commercial General Aviation In 2017, there were 5,891 births, giving
1440-617: The United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 1.86 square miles (4.82 km), of which, 1.83 square miles (4.74 km) of it is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km) is water. The land on which rests the town of Mazomanie fell within the hunting grounds of the Hočąk , or Winnebago, Indian nation. About a decade after the Winnebago cession of 1832, there were only a small number of white settlers in
1520-460: The "Hill Lines" was approved at around the same time, and the merged Burlington Northern came into being. The formation of Burlington Northern in 1970 from the merger of Northern Pacific , Great Northern , Burlington Route , and the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway on March 3 created a stronger competitor on most Milwaukee Road routes. To boost competition, the ICC gave the Milwaukee Road
1600-597: The 1890s, the company's directors felt they had to extend the railroad to the Pacific to remain competitive with other railroads. A survey in 1901 estimated costs to build to the Pacific Northwest as $ 45 million ($ 1.32 billion in 2023 dollars). In 1905, the board approved the Pacific Extension, now estimated at $ 60 million ($ 1.58 billion in 2023 dollars). The contract for the western part of
1680-511: The 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana , Idaho , and Washington . The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad ( reporting mark SOO ), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Kansas City ( reporting mark CPKC ), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand
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#17327757649691760-433: The 35% mark six times. Within Wisconsin, only the predominantly Native American county of Menominee is more reliably Democratic. At state level, the county is no less Democratic. The last Republicans the county supported at state level were Governor Tommy Thompson and Treasurer Jack Voight in 1994 . The last Republican Senator to carry the county was Alexander Wiley in 1956 by less than one percent, 10 years earlier
1840-713: The CMSt.P&P sponsored one of the Army's MRS units the 757th Railroad Shop Battalion. The Milwaukee Road enjoyed temporary success after World War II . Out of bankruptcy and with the wartime ban on new passenger service lifted, the company upgraded its trains. The Olympian Hiawatha began running between Chicago and the Puget Sound over the Pacific Extension in 1947, and the Twin Cities Hiawatha received new equipment in 1948. Dieselisation accelerated and
1920-845: The Canadian National Railway. Regional passenger trains that the Milwaukee Road operated from Chicago up to Amtrak 's assumption of passenger operations in 1971 included the Twin Cities Hiawatha serving Minneapolis, the Sioux serving Madison, Wisconsin , the Milwaukee Express serving Milwaukee, and the Varsity serving Madison. Amtrak still operates several services on the Milwaukee Road's Twin Cities mainline. Daily long distance service to and from
2000-503: The Cascades through the 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 -mile (3.6 km) Snoqualmie Tunnel , just south of Snoqualmie Pass and over 400 feet (120 m) lower in elevation. The single-track tunnel's east portal at Hyak included an adjacent company-owned ski area (1937−1950). Together, the 645 miles (1,038 km) of main-line electrification represented the largest such project in the world up to that time, and would not be exceeded in
2080-556: The Dakota chiefs were known to H.L. Dousman, the aforementioned source of Brodhead's information about the Indian names. He also knew the Hočąk chief, having been caught up in the incident that led to that chief's notoriety. It transpired that in October 1836, Iron Walker had shot dead the well-known interpreter Pierre Poquette in an affair of honor. He was initially convicted of murder, but in
2160-827: The John Wayne Pioneer Trail) in Washington, Milwaukee Road Rail Trail in Idaho, Route of the Hiawatha Trail in Idaho and Montana, Route of the Olympian in Montana, Midtown Greenway in Minnesota, Bugline Trail in Wisconsin, and Milwaukee Road Transportation Trailway in Indiana all run on sections of the right-of-way among others. Today, both the Milwaukee Road and Soo Line Railroad trackage make up
2240-669: The Midwest US routes of the CPKC . Following the 1984 abandonment of the Pacific Extension, Tacoma Rail purchased all of Milwaukee's lines south of Tacoma. Starting in 1990, the Chehalis–Centralia Railroad began operating over the section from Centralia to Curtis. In 2010 the line was sold to the Port of Chehalis and in 2019, The railroad purchased the line from Chehalis to Ruth. In 2021 the section from Highway 6 West to Curtis
2320-574: The Milwaukee Road after the Soo Line sale was its holding company, the Milwaukee Land Company, reverted to Chicago Milwaukee Corporation ownership (CMC). Without the railroad, CMC's primary function became disposal or redevelopment of Milwaukee Road real estate not sold to the Soo Line, which stretched from Bedford, Indiana, to Washington state. The larger properties were developed into big-box retail or industrial sites. The CMC itself
2400-558: The Milwaukee Road also operated an extensive commuter rail service in the Chicago area. One branch served the northern suburbs and extended into the outer suburbs of Milwaukee, while another branch served the western suburbs. These services passed to the Regional Transportation Authority in 1982 after the Milwaukee Road's bankruptcy. They are still operated today by Metra , Chicago's commuter rail agency, as
2480-522: The Milwaukee Road exercised its right under the Burlington Northern merger to petition for inclusion based on its weak financial condition. The ICC denied it on March 2, 1977. Between 1974 and 1977, the Milwaukee Road lost $ 100 million, and the company filed for its third bankruptcy in 42 years on December 19, 1977. Judge Thomas R. McMillen presided over the bankruptcy until the Milwaukee Road's sale in 1985. The railroad's primary problem
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2560-636: The Milwaukee Road for its "City" streamliners in 1955. The Milwaukee Road's Pioneer Limited was one of the first named trains and its colorful Hiawatha trains were among the nation's finest streamliners. The post-World War II Hiawatha trains remain a high-water mark for passenger train industrial design. Starting in November 1955, the Milwaukee Road assumed joint operation of the Union Pacific's City of Los Angeles , City of Portland , City of Denver , and Challenger trains as well as
2640-422: The Milwaukee Road held a staggering advantage over BN, carrying nearly 80% of the originating traffic along with 50% of the total container traffic leaving the Puget Sound (prior to severe service declines after roughly 1974). In 1970, the president of Chicago and North Western offered to sell the railroad to the Milwaukee Road outright. President William John Quinn refused, stating that it now believed only
2720-836: The Milwaukee Road's transcontinental service to the West Coast. While the Burlington Northern merger generated more traffic on this route, it was only enough to wear out the deteriorating track, not enough to pay for rebuilding. This forced trains to slow at many locations due to bad track. A final attempt to devise a plan to rehabilitate the Pacific Extension under the Milwaukee Road Restructuring Act failed. Operations ended west of Miles City, Montana , on February 29, 1980. The new, smaller railroad began earning small profits in 1982 (that same year, its two commuter rail lines, collectively known as
2800-486: The Pacific Extension. Operating conditions in the mountain regions of the Pacific Extension proved difficult. Winter temperatures of −40 °F (−40 °C) in Montana made it challenging for steam locomotives to generate sufficient steam. The line snaked through mountainous areas, resulting in "long steep grades and sharp curves". Electrification provided an answer, especially with abundant hydroelectric power in
2880-804: The Pacific Northwest is provided by the Empire Builder along the Chicago-St. Paul route after the train was rerouted by Amtrak on the first day of operations on May 1, 1971. Amtrak also operates corridor services as the Hiawatha along the Chicago-Milwaukee section of the route. In 2024, Amtrak began service for the Borealis , supplementing the Empire Builder with an extra daily round trip from Chicago to St. Paul. For years,
2960-561: The UP/ Southern Pacific City of San Francisco . After assuming operation of the UP's services, the Milwaukee Road gradually dropped its orange and maroon paint scheme in favor of UP's Armour yellow, grey, and red, finding the latter easier to keep clean. The Milwaukee Road's streamlined passenger services were unique in that most of its equipment was built by the railroad at its Milwaukee Menomonee Valley shops, including
3040-675: The US until the Pennsylvania Railroad 's efforts in the 1930s. The two separate electrified districts were never unified, as the 216-mile (348 km) Idaho Division (Avery to Othello) was comparatively flat down the St. Joe River to St. Maries and through eastern Washington , and posed few challenges for steam operation. Electrification cost $ 27 million, but resulted in savings of over $ 1 million per year from improved operational efficiency. The Chicago, Milwaukee, and Puget Sound Railway
3120-536: The area. The village received its name; many years later, Edward Brodhead explained its derivation: “He (Mazomanie) was an Indian chief in our state and was well known to the old gentleman, H.L. Dousman , who said the Indians pronounced it as though it was spelled Man-zo-ma-nie and the English of it is Iron Horse, which I adopted for the name of a railroad town and also for the name of my horse.” This distinguished chief
3200-777: The company purchased the Milwaukee and Northern Railroad; by now, the railroad had lines running through Wisconsin, Minnesota , Iowa , South Dakota , and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan . The corporate headquarters were moved from Milwaukee to the Rand McNally Building in Chicago, America's first all-steel framed skyscraper, in 1889 and 1890, with the car and locomotive shops staying in Milwaukee. The company's general offices were later located in Chicago's Railway Exchange building (built 1904) until 1924, at which time they moved to Chicago Union Station . In
3280-551: The county was 77.6% White , 6.4% Asian , 5.4% Black or African American , 0.4% Native American , 3.2% from other races , and 6.9% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 7.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race. At the 2010 census there were 488,073 people, 203,750 households, and 116,752 families living in the county. The population density was 394 people per square mile (152 people/km ). There were 216,022 housing units at an average density of 174 units per square mile (67 units/km ). The racial makeup of
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3360-552: The county was 84.7% White, 5.2% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 0.003% Pacific Islander, 2.5% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. 5.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 203,750 households 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 30.5% of households were one person and 7.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size
3440-831: The county was the only one in the state to not vote for notorious Senator Joseph McCarthy . In the three-party era of 1930s-1940s, the county backed Progressive Party candidates, such as the La Follette brothers, Orland Steen Loomis and Herman Ekern . Dane County is one of the only counties in the United States to have elected a member of the Green Party ( Leland Pan ) into county-level office. School districts (all K-12) include: 43°04′N 89°25′W / 43.07°N 89.42°W / 43.07; -89.42 Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad The company experienced financial difficulty through
3520-405: The county. The population density was 355 people per square mile (137 people/km ). There were 180,398 housing units at an average density of 150 units per square mile (58 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 88.96% White, 4.00% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 3.45% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.43% from other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. 3.37% of
3600-425: The east. Dodsworth, however, adduces considerations that greatly complicate the eponymy of the present day Mazomanie. The town for some time was known as "Mazo Manie," and recalls in its spelling the name of a pair of Wahpeton Dakota chiefs of that era named Maz-zo-ma-nee . The Dakota (Sioux) language is akin to Winnebago, and it may be immediately appreciated that these names are exactly cognate to one another. Both of
3680-429: The end of private intercity passenger operations in 1971. The Milwaukee prided itself on its passenger operations, providing the nation with some of its most innovative and colorful trains. The railroad's home-built equipment was among some of the best passenger equipment ever run on any American railroad. The Milwaukee's reputation for high-quality service was the principal reason that Union Pacific shifted its service to
3760-455: The four generations of Hiawatha equipment introduced in 1933–34, 1935, 1937–38, and 1947–48. Most striking were the " Beaver Tail " observation cars of the 1930s and the " Skytop Lounge " observation cars by industrial designer Brooks Stevens in the 1940s. Extended "Skytop Lounge" cars were also ordered from Pullman for Olympian Hiawatha service in 1951. The Olympian Hiawatha set, as well as some full-length " Super Domes " were later sold to
3840-521: The line paralleled the Northern Pacific Railway . Trains magazine called the building of the extension, primarily a long-haul route, "egregious" and a "disaster". George H. Drury listed the Pacific Extension as one of several "wrong decisions" made by the Milwaukee Road's management which contributed to the company's eventual failure. Beginning in 1909, several smaller railroads were acquired and expanded to form branch lines along
3920-511: The mountains, and a ready source of copper in Anaconda, Montana . Between 1914 and 1916, the Milwaukee Road implemented a 3,000 volt direct current (DC) overhead system between Harlowton, Montana , and Avery, Idaho , a distance of 438 miles (705 km). Pleased with the result, the Milwaukee electrified its route in Washington between Othello and Tacoma , a further 207 miles (333 km), between 1917 and 1920. This section traversed
4000-486: The name is a pure artifact of introducing the Indian name into English, and is found in neither Dakota nor Winnebago. The present rendering of the town's name owes to euphony and spelling conventions, none of which invalidates Brodhead's attribution of the name to the gunslinging chief of the Hočągara. What precipitated the birth of the town was the advent of the Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad in 1855, which passed through
4080-433: The name is formed by the word mąnį́, which means "to walk, he walks" — thus "Iron Walker." The double meaning of this name has long been appreciated: “The proprietors [of the railroad] have christened it Mazo-Manie, The-Iron-that-Walks, after a somewhat noted Indian chief; and as it is the offspring of an iron way, the name is not inappropriate.” The actual village of Iron Walker was located near Watertown, about 45 miles to
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#17327757649694160-612: The name was changed to Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul after constructing an extension to Chicago in 1872. The company absorbed the Chicago and Pacific Railroad Company in 1879, the railroad that built the Bloomingdale Line (now The 606) and what became the Milwaukee District / West Line as part of the 36-mile Elgin Subdivision from Halsted Street in Chicago to the suburb of Elgin, Illinois . In 1890,
4240-458: The offers by both Soo Line and C&NW. Ultimately, Judge McMillen approved the former's offer on February 19, 1985. The Soo reorganized the property as The Milwaukee Road, Inc. , prior to merging the Milwaukee into the company itself effective January 1, 1986. The Soo Line would be acquired by Canadian Pacific in 1990 with the latter consolidating with the Kansas City Southern Railway 33 years later. The successor-in-interest to what remained of
4320-472: The old cars rather than buying new ones. This contributed to car shortages that turned away business. The Milwaukee Road chose at this time to end its mainline electrification. Its electric locomotive fleet was reaching the end of its service life, and newer diesel locomotives such as the EMD SD40-2 and the GE Universal Series were more than capable of handling the route. The final electric freight arrived at Deer Lodge, Montana on June 15, 1974. In 1976,
4400-433: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 594 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
4480-460: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 34.4% were of German , 11.5% Norwegian , 8.9% Irish and 6.0% English ancestry. Of the 173,484 households 29.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.10% were married couples living together, 7.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.90% were non-families. 29.40% of households were one person and 7.00% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size
4560-421: The region to connect Milwaukee with La Crosse . The superintendent of the railroad was Edward Brodhead. By the nation's centennial, Mazomanie had grown to 1,100 people, making it the second largest community in Dane County. Since that time, the village has gained only 350 people, but its small size and slow growth has preserved its nineteenth century character. The village has thirty-four commercial buildings on
4640-409: The right to connect with new railroads in the West over Burlington Northern tracks. Traffic on its Pacific Extension increased substantially to more than four trains a day each way as it began interchanging cars with Southern Pacific at Portland, Oregon and Canadian railroads at Sumas, Washington . The railroad's foothold on transcontinental traffic leaving the Port of Seattle increased such that
4720-404: The route was awarded to Horace Chapin Henry of Seattle . The subsidiary Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound Railway Company was chartered in 1905 to build from the Missouri River to Seattle and Tacoma. Construction began in 1906 and was completed three years later. The route chosen was 18 miles (29 km) shorter than the next shortest competitor's, as well as better grades than some, but it
4800-435: The spelling and pronunciation now in effect is made clear in a newspaper article of the time: “We are daily asked how to pronounce this beautiful looking name. We have heard various ways, but none that sounded so naturally and well as by accenting the second syllable, thus Ma-zom-anie, the accent as in Menominee. That makes a very pretty thing of it. It is the station on the Mil. & Mis. R. R. 22 miles west of here.” The /o/ in
4880-415: The transcontinental routes to the Pacific was tough. The premier transcontinental streamliner, the Olympian Hiawatha , despite innovative scenic observation cars, was mothballed in 1961, becoming the first visible casualty. The resignation of President John P. Kiley in 1957 and his replacement with the fairly inexperienced William John Quinn was a pivotal moment. From that point onward, the road's management
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#17327757649694960-485: The village was $ 49,191, and the median income for a family was $ 56,442. Males had a median income of $ 35,156 versus $ 28,424 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 21,634. About 2.5% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Mazomanie has one elementary school: Mazomanie Elementary School, with about 200 students. The high school and middle school are located in
5040-516: The village was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,485 people, 594 households, and 427 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,088.6 people per square mile (421.6/km). There were 618 housing units at an average density of 453.0 per square mile (175.4/km). The racial makeup of the village was 96.36% White , 0.88% Black or African American , 0.47% Native American , 0.07% Asian , 1.14% from other races , and 1.08% from two or more races. 1.95% of
5120-421: The village was 94.6% White , 1.7% African American , 0.2% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 1.5% from other races , and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 689 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had
5200-428: Was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.95. The age distribution was 21.7% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% 65 or older. The median age was 34.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.00 males. At the 2000 census there were 426,526 people, 173,484 households, and 100,794 families living in
5280-850: Was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97. The age distribution was 22.60% under the age of 18, 14.30% from 18 to 24, 32.50% from 25 to 44, 21.30% from 45 to 64, and 9.30% 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.00 males. In 2010, the largest religious groups in Dane County by number of adherents were Catholic at 106,036 adherents, ELCA Lutheran at 48,620 adherents, United Methodist at 9,753 adherents, non-denominational Christian at 7,448 adherents, Evangelical Free at 6,075 adherents, United Church of Christ at 5,035 adherents, Wisconsin Synod Lutheran at 4,214 adherents, Missouri Synod Lutheran at 3,921 adherents, American Baptist at 3,755 adherents, and PC-USA Presbyterian at 3,664 adherents. Dane County
5360-411: Was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.94. In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males. The median income for a household in
5440-402: Was Mą́zamąnį́ga, "Iron Walker." The Hočągara, who have persisted in the area despite many attempts to eject them, call this town Mą́zamąnį́, dropping the suffix -ga (a definite article used to indicate a person's name). The first syllable of this name is pronounced as Brodhead indicated ('man') since the /ą/ is nasalized. The first element of the name is mąs , "iron, metal, ax," which before
5520-532: Was a major feat. Original company maps denote five mountain crossings: Belts, Rockies, Bitterroots , Saddles , and Cascades. These are slight misnomers as the Belt mountains and Bitterroots are part of the Rockies. The route did not cross over the Little Belts or Big Belts , but over the Lenep-Loweth Ridge between the Castle Mountains and the Crazy Mountains . Some historians question the choice of route, since it bypassed some population centers and passed through areas with limited local traffic potential. Much of
5600-417: Was absorbed by the parent company on January 1, 1913. The Pacific Extension, including subsequent electrification, cost the Milwaukee Road $ 257 million, over four times the original estimate of $ 60 million. To meet this cost, the Milwaukee Road sold bonds, which began coming due in the 1920s. Traffic never met projections, and by the early 1920s, the Milwaukee Road was in serious financial condition. This state
5680-429: Was an expensive route, since Milwaukee Road received few land grants and had to buy most of the land or acquire smaller railroads. The two main mountain ranges that had to be crossed, the Rockies and the Cascades , required major civil engineering works and additional locomotive power. The completion of 2,300 miles (3,700 km) of railroad through some of the most varied topography in the nation in only three years
5760-432: Was beginning to cause problems. The railroad's financial problems were exacerbated by their practice of improving its earnings during that period by selling off its wholly owned cars to financial institutions and leasing them back. The lease charges became greater, and more cars needed to be sold to pay the lease payments. The railroad's fleet of cars was becoming older because more money was being spent on finance payments for
5840-452: Was beset with legal and financial woes, filing for bankruptcy (under numerous versions of CMC/Heartland Partners), as a result of environmental cleanup costs and liabilities at former Milwaukee Road sites. CMC Heartland, and its various reincarnations, were dissolved in a final liquidation process that came to a close in 2010. Much of the abandoned Milwaukee PCE line has become rail trails . The Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail (formerly
5920-408: Was complete by 1957. In 1955, the Milwaukee Road took over from the Chicago and North Western 's handling of Union Pacific 's streamliner trains between Chicago and Omaha . The whole railroad industry found itself in decline in the late 1950s and the 1960s, but the Milwaukee Road was hit particularly hard. The Midwest was overbuilt with a plethora of competing railroads, while the competition on
6000-527: Was considered, but not pursued. In 1980 the secondary line between Marquette, Iowa and Rapid City, South Dakota on its section between Mitchell and Kadoka was embargoed and then acquired by the South Dakota Department of Transportation . Between 1977 and 1984, route distance was reduced to a quarter from its peak and a third from its total in 1977, shrinking to 3,023 miles (4,865 km). The most extensive abandonment eliminated
6080-559: Was exacerbated by the railroad's purchase of several heavily indebted railroads in Indiana . The company declared bankruptcy in 1925 and reorganized as the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1928. In 1929, its total mileage stood at 11,248 miles (18,102 km). In 1927, the railroad launched its second edition of the Olympian as a premier luxury limited passenger train and opened its first railroad-owned tourist hotel,
6160-572: Was fixated on merger with another railroad as the solution to the Milwaukee's problems. Railroad mergers had to be approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission , and in 1969 the ICC effectively blocked the merger with the Chicago and North Western Railway (C&NW) that the Milwaukee Road had counted on and had been planning for since 1964. The ICC asked for terms that the C&;NW was not willing to agree to. The merger of
6240-676: Was leased. Milwaukee Road Historical Association now owns the Milwaukee Road trademarks/copyrights, except for the AAR reporting marks (MILW) used by the Soo Line Railroad (which does business in the American Midwest as the Canadian Pacific Kansas City Railway). The Milwaukee Road aggressively marketed passenger service through much of its history, maintaining a high quality of service until
6320-567: Was purchased by the Milwaukee and Prairie du Chien Railroad in 1861. In 1867, Alexander Mitchell combined the M&PdC with the Milwaukee and St. Paul (formerly the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad Company ) under the name Milwaukee and St. Paul . Critical to the development and financing of the railroad was the acquisition of significant land grants. Prominent individual investors in the line included Alexander Mitchell, Russell Sage , Jeremiah Milbank , and William Rockefeller . In 1874,
6400-405: Was that it possessed too much physical plant for the revenue it generated. In 1977, it owned 10,074 miles (16,213 km) of track, and 36% of that mileage produced a mere 14% of the company's yearly revenue. The approach taken by the bankruptcy trustees was to sell or abandon unprofitable or marginally profitable lines, leaving a much smaller railroad which could be profitable. Outright liquidation
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