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35-460: Maamba is a coal mining town with about 13000 residents. Maamba gets its name from the Lozi Tribe , meaning talkative person. The CORRECT background to the name is the following:"Maamba" is a Ci Tonga language word. It is the plural of the word "Jamba" which means "a hoe".Thus "maamba" translates as "hoes".It means 'Place where hoes are (and historically were) made and are obtainable'.Ci Tonga

70-411: A de facto administering power. A protected state has a form of protection where it continues to retain an "international personality" and enjoys an agreed amount of independence in conducting its foreign policy. For political and pragmatic reasons, the protection relationship is not usually advertised, but described with euphemisms such as "an independent state with special treaty relations" with

105-634: A colony of the same name Various sultanates in the Dutch East Indies (present day Indonesia): "Protection" was the formal legal structure under which French colonial forces expanded in Africa between the 1830s and 1900. Almost every pre-existing state that was later part of French West Africa was placed under protectorate status at some point, although direct rule gradually replaced protectorate agreements. Formal ruling structures, or fictive recreations of them, were largely retained—as with

140-535: A fermented milk " mabisi " dish. This cuisine reflects the Lozi's connection to their environment and traditional agricultural practices. Music and dance are integral to Lozi social life. Sipelu is a traditional Lozi dance performed by young men and women at various social events throughout the year. It is a vibrant expression of cultural identity, showcased during performances for the king at his palace, his visits to communities, weddings, and other celebrations, though it

175-422: A very weak protectorate surrendering control of its external relations but may not constitute any real sacrifice, as the protectorate may not have been able to have a similar use of them without the protector's strength. Amical protection was frequently extended by the great powers to other Christian (generally European) states, and to states of no significant importance. After 1815, non-Christian states (such as

210-583: Is 100% owned by Nava Bharat Ventures Limited (NVBL) of India . In 2021, Maamba Collieries Limited announced they were interested in increasing the capacity from 300 to 600MW. This Zambia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lozi people The Lozi people , also known as Balozi , are a Bantu-speaking ethnic group native to Southern Africa . They have significant populations in Angola , Botswana , Namibia , Zambia , and Zimbabwe . The Lozi language, Silozi ,

245-523: Is not performed at funerals. Lozi society is highly stratified, with a monarch at the top and those of recent royal descent occupying high positions in society. The monarch, or Barotse Royal Establishment (BRE), is known as Mulonga, and Lozi society tolerates little criticism, even of an unpopular Litunga. Criticisms of a Litunga by a foreigner are treated as criticisms of the Lozi nation as a whole. The Lozi are not separated into clans, unlike most African ethnic groups. The Lozi people are closely related to

280-817: Is the language spoken in the Southern Province of Zambia and in the Districts of Northern Zimbabwe on the shores of Lake Kaliba (now called Kariba)from the Dam to Mosi oa tunya (the Victoria Falls). Thank you, Mwindaace Siamwiza, Born and Raised on the banks of the Zambezi river ~20 km from Maamba; June 11, 2024. Maamba is the home to the largest Coal Plant in Zambia at 300MW, built for U$ 750million and operated by Maamba Collieries Limited (MCL) which as of 2010

315-585: Is under the protection of another state while retaining its "international personality" is called a "protected state", not a protectorate. Protectorates are one of the oldest features of international relations, dating back to the Roman Empire . Civitates foederatae were cities that were subordinate to Rome for their foreign relations. In the Middle Ages , Andorra was a protectorate of France and Spain . Modern protectorate concepts were devised in

350-491: Is used as the formal language in official, educational, and media contexts. The Lozi people number approximately 1,562,000. The Lozi comprise several tribes, including the Bamakoma, Kwanda, Lukolwe, Bafwe , Batotela , Bayeyi , Mbowe (Mamboe), Bambukushu , Mishulundu, Muenyi (Mwenyi), Mwanga, Ndundulu, Nygengo, Shanjo, Simaa, Basubia , and Batonga . These tribes share common customs and traditions, with Silozi serving as

385-433: Is usually made from satin and is often paired with a matching shawl called a cali . Additionally, women wear a wrapper to cover themselves, particularly from the waist down, and always cover their hair with a headscarf. This attire is valued for its modesty, respect, and dignity. The staple food of the Lozi is a maize meal porridge called buhobe . It is often served with Zambezi bream fish and vegetables, or eaten with

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420-942: The Balobedu and therefore also have rainmaking abilities. Lozi culture is strongly influenced by the flood cycle of the Zambezi River, with annual migrations taking place from the floodplain to higher ground at the start of the wet season . The most important of these festivals is the Kuomboka , in which the Litunga moves from Lealui in the flood plain to Limulunga on higher ground. The Kuomboka usually takes place in February or March. These annual floods displace hundreds of people every year. [REDACTED] Media related to Lozi people at Wikimedia Commons Protectorate List of forms of government A protectorate , in

455-692: The Barotse Floodplain of the Zambezi River , on and around which most Lozi live. It may also be spelled Lotse or Rotse, the spelling Lozi having originated with German missionaries in what is now Namibia . Mu- and Ba- are corresponding singular and plural prefixes for certain nouns in the Silozi language , so Murotse means "person of the plain" while Barotse means "people of the plain". Lozi tradition states that they have always inhabited Barotseland. In about 1830, an army that originated in

490-650: The Chinese Qing dynasty ) also provided amical protection of other, much weaker states. In modern times, a form of amical protection can be seen as an important or defining feature of microstates . According to the definition proposed by Dumienski (2014): "microstates are modern protected states, i.e. sovereign states that have been able to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign protection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints". *protectorates which existed alongside

525-945: The Dominican Republic and Nicaragua through the Bryan–Chamorro Treaty . Some agencies of the United States government , such as the Environmental Protection Agency , refer to the District of Columbia and insular areas of the United States—such as American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands —as protectorates. However, the agency responsible for the administration of those areas, the Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) within

560-655: The Sotho-speaking Bafokeng region of South Africa , known as the Makololo , led by a warrior called Sebetwane , invaded Barotseland and conquered the Lozi. They ruled until 1864, when the Sotho clique was overthrown following a Lozi revolt. The political organisation of the Lozi has long centred on a monarchy , whose reigning head, the Paramount King, is known as ' Litunga ', which means 'keeper of

595-713: The US had the right to intervene in Cuba to preserve its independence, among other reasons (the Platt Amendment had also been integrated into the 1901 constitution of Cuba ). Later that year, Panama and the US signed the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty , which established the Panama Canal Zone and gave the US the right to intervene in the cities of Panama and Colón (and the adjacent territories and harbors) for

630-581: The company to acquire Barotseland under the guise of the British government. Although under protectorate status, Lewanika eventually realized that he had been tricked and petitioned for the protectorate status to be corrected. Yet the land remained under Rhodes's control, and when the territory failed to produce gold, copper, or other exports, the "British South Africa Company defaulted on every commitment it had made to Lewanika," and few developments in infrastructure and education were made. Although Barotseland

665-433: The context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over most of its internal affairs, while still recognizing the suzerainty of a more powerful sovereign state without being a possession. In exchange, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations depending on

700-591: The earth.' The renowned Litunga Lewanika , whose latter name was a nickname from the Mbunda meaning "unifier" following the Lozi revolt, reigned from 1878 to 1916, with a short insurrectionist break in 1884–85. He requested that Queen Victoria bring Barotseland under protectorate status. Great Britain, however, was uninterested in acquiring the territory. The granting of a royal charter to the British South Africa Company by Cecil Rhodes allowed

735-415: The family is traditionally led by the eldest male, often the grandfather. Family relationships are formed through marriage, birth, or adoption. Marriage holds significant importance, serving as a crucial means of solidifying and extending family connections. A man who has reached adulthood is expected to have employment, establish his own homestead known as a lapa , and find a wife mufumahali . Upon marriage,

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770-410: The formal language for official, educational, and media purposes. Intermarriage among the tribes further strengthens their cultural bonds. The Lozi people are also known by various names such as Malozi, Nyambe, Makololo, Barotse, Rotse, Rozi, Rutse, Balozi, Balobedu, and Tozvi. They refer to their land as Bulozi or Barotseland . The word "Lozi" means "plain" in the Makololo language, referring to

805-566: The ground. This aspect of history is referred to as the Scramble for Africa . A similar case is the formal use of such terms as colony and protectorate for an amalgamation—convenient only for the colonizer or protector—of adjacent territories, over which it held ( de facto ) sway by protective or "raw" colonial power. In amical protection—as of United States of the Ionian Islands by Britain—the terms are often very favourable for

840-448: The internal affairs of the protectorate. Protectorates differ from League of Nations mandates and their successors, United Nations trust territories , whose administration is supervised, in varying degrees, by the international community . A protectorate formally enters into the protection through a bilateral agreement with the protector, while international mandates are stewarded by the world community-representing body, with or without

875-492: The low-level authority figures in the French Cercles —with leaders appointed and removed by French officials. The German Empire used the word Schutzgebiet , literally protectorate, for all of its colonial possessions until they were lost during World War I , regardless of the actual level of government control. Cases involving indirect rule included: Before and during World War II , Nazi Germany designated

910-717: The maintenance of public order. The 1904 constitution of Panama , in Article 136, also gave the US the right to intervene in any part of Panama "to reestablish public peace and constitutional order." Haiti later also became a protectorate after the ratification of the Haitian–American Convention (which gave the US the right to intervene in Haiti for a period of ten years, which was later expanded to twenty years through an additional agreement in 1917) on September 16, 1915. The US also attempted to establish protectorates over

945-420: The nineteenth century. In practice, a protectorate often has direct foreign relations only with the protector state, and transfers the management of all its more important international affairs to the latter. Similarly, the protectorate rarely takes military action on its own but relies on the protector for its defence. This is distinct from annexation , in that the protector has no formal power to control

980-604: The protecting state. A protected state appears on world maps just as any other independent state. International administration of a state can also be regarded as an internationalized form of protection, where the protector is an international organisation rather than a state. Multiple regions—such as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria , the Colony and Protectorate of Lagos , and similar—were subjects of colonial protection. Conditions of protection are generally much less generous for areas of colonial protection. The protectorate

1015-400: The protectorate. The political interest of the protector is frequently moral (a matter of accepted moral obligation, prestige, ideology, internal popularity, or dynastic , historical, or ethnocultural ties). Also, the protector's interest is in countering a rival or enemy power—such as preventing the rival from obtaining or maintaining control of areas of strategic importance. This may involve

1050-562: The rump of occupied Czechoslovakia and Denmark as protectorates: Some sources mention the following territories as de facto Russian protectorates: After becoming independent nations in 1902 and 1903 respectively, Cuba and Panama became protectorates of the United States . In 1903, Cuba and the US signed the Cuban–American Treaty of Relations , which affirmed the provisions of the Platt Amendment , including that

1085-649: The state supposedly being protected, or only agreed to by a party of dubious authority in those states. Colonial protectors frequently decided to reshuffle several protectorates into a new, artificial unit without consulting the protectorates, without being mindful of the theoretical duty of a protector to help maintain a protectorate's status and integrity. The Berlin agreement of February 26, 1885, allowed European colonial powers to establish protectorates in Black Africa (the last region to be divided among them) by diplomatic notification, even without actual possession on

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1120-431: The terms of their arrangement. Usually protectorates are established de jure by a treaty . Under certain conditions—as with Egypt under British rule (1882–1914)—a state can also be labelled as a de facto protectorate or a veiled protectorate . A protectorate is different from a colony as it has local rulers, is not directly possessed, and rarely experiences colonization by the suzerain state. A state that

1155-413: The wife typically moves to her husband's homestead, integrating into his family and adopting their surname. The way a couple manages their lapa influences their social status. Although declining in modern times, polygamy remains common among the Lozi. Traditional attire is an important aspect of Lozi culture, particularly for women. Lozi women wear the musisi , which means "skirt" in Silozi . This garment

1190-528: Was incorporated into Northern Rhodesia , it retained a large degree of autonomy, which was carried over when Northern Rhodesia became Zambia on its independence in 1964. In the run-up to independence, the Litunga, the Ngambela (Prime Minister), and about a dozen senior indunas went to London for talks with the Colonial Office, in an attempt to have Barotseland remain a Protectorate. In Lozi society,

1225-543: Was often reduced to a de facto condition similar to a colony, but with the pre-existing native state continuing as the agent of indirect rule . Occasionally, a protectorate was established by another form of indirect rule: a chartered company , which becomes a de facto state in its European home state (but geographically overseas), allowed to be an independent country with its own foreign policy and generally its own armed forces. In fact, protectorates were often declared despite no agreement being duly entered into by

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