Equipment rental , or plant hire, is a service industry providing machinery, equipment and tools for a limited period of time to final users, mainly to construction contractors but also to industry and individual consumers . Renting can be defined as paying someone for the use of something for temporary or short-term purposes.
130-694: The Mabey Group is a British-based group of engineering companies, which specialises in steel fabrication, plant hire and construction products. It was initially established by Guy Mabey as a building supplies business in 1923, and expanded into engineering work, particularly bridging , under the leadership of his son, Bevil Mabey , after World War II . In the early 21st century, it was implicated in bribery scandals over corrupt payments to win contracts in countries including Iraq, Jamaica and Ghana. It sold its bridge business in May 2019 to US-based Acrow Bridge. Founded by Guy Mabey in 1923, his son Bevil Mabey expanded
260-655: A ceasefire , after a million people were killed and Iran suffered economic losses of $ 561 billion. At the end of the war, Saddam ordered the Anfal campaign against Kurdish rebels who sided with Iran, recognized by Human Rights Watch as an act of genocide . Later, Saddam accused his ally Kuwait of slant-drilling the Iraqi oil reserves and invaded the country , initiating the Gulf War (1990–1991), which ended in Iraq's defeat by
390-414: A company director for two years, for his role in making $ 420,000 (£258,000) of illegal payments to Iraqi officials. Colleague Charles Forsyth (managing director) was sentenced to 21 months and disqualified as a company director for five years, while a third executive, Richard Gledhill, was given an eight-month sentence suspended for two years. In July 2012, after being forced to operate for three years under
520-655: A country rife with factionalism led Saddam to pursue both massive repression and the improvement of living standards. Following the end of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in November 1970, Saddam signed a peace treaty with Mustafa Barzani, which agreement granted autonomy to the Kurds. However the failure of the agreement and Arabization program in oil-rich regions around Kirkuk and Khanaqin in Northern Iraq,
650-671: A court-appointed monitor, Mabey Group became the first organisation in the UK to pass an independent audit to become accredited to BS 10500: 2011 Specification for an Anti-bribery Management System - a management standard developed by the BSI Group in response to the Bribery Act 2010 . In 2012 the director of the Serious Fraud Office described Mabey Bridge as "leading the way in implementing controls and procedures to ensure it
780-569: A good instinct for what the " Arab street " demanded, following the decline in Egyptian leadership brought about by the trauma of Israel's six-day victory in the 1967 war, the death of the pan-Arabist hero, Gamal Abdul Nasser, in 1970, and the "traitorous" drive by his successor, Anwar Sadat, to sue for peace with the Jewish state. Saddam's self-aggrandizing propaganda, with himself posing as the defender of Arabism against Zionist or Persian intruders,
910-529: A law degree at Cairo Law School (1962–1963). It is possible that Saddam visited the U.S. embassy in Cairo during his exile, and some evidence suggests that he was "in frequent contact with US officials and intelligence agents." A former high-ranking U.S. official told historians Marion Farouk–Sluglett and Peter Sluglett that Iraqi Ba'athists, including Saddam, "had made contact with the American authorities in
1040-410: A low-risk way of obtaining equipment when market conditions are uncertain and allows companies to enter new markets or sectors without burdensome investments in machinery – capital that would otherwise be tied up in equipment can be channelled into a company's core business. Oftentimes the decision to rent over financing or purchasing a piece of equipment will come down to a decision balanced in risk and
1170-638: A minority that made up about a fifth of the population . In 1979, upon taking office, Saddam purged the Ba'ath Party . He ordered the invasion of Iran in 1980 in a purported effort to capture Iran 's Arab-majority Khuzestan province , thwart Iranian attempts to export its 1979 revolution to the Arab world , and end Iranian calls for the overthrow of the Sunni-dominated Ba'athist regime . The Iran–Iraq War ended in stalemate after nearly eight years in
1300-841: A multinational coalition led by the United States . The United Nations subsequently placed sanctions against Iraq . Saddam brutally suppressed the 1991 Iraqi uprisings of the Kurds and Shias , which sought to gain independence or overthrow the government. Saddam adopted an anti-American stance and established the Faith Campaign , pursuing an Islamist agenda in Iraq. In 2003, the United States and its coalition of allies invaded Iraq , accusing Saddam of developing weapons of mass destruction and of having ties with al-Qaeda , accusations that turned out to be false. After
1430-533: A new cemetery for Jews in Baghdad. In 1998, on the day of Jewish festival of Sukkot , a Palestinian entered the Baghdad synagogue and shot four people to death, including two Jews. The preparator was arrested and executed in 1999. A cabinet meeting chaired by him condemned the attack. Saddam also said that: "Anyone who hurt the Jews in Baghdad would pay a heavy price". Saddam was also recognized for safeguarding
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#17327914263881560-554: A pivotal role in the negotiations leading up to the Algiers Agreement, representing Iraq's interests. Saddam Hussein's growing influence within the Iraqi government allowed him to shape Iraq's approach and stance during the negotiation process. Following the agreement, Iraq and Iran restored full diplomatic relations and exchanged ambassadors, representing a significant diplomatic breakthrough. The Algiers Agreement emphasized
1690-532: A range of forklifts are available. Modular space is an effective means of providing additional space on a customer's site, for short-term as well as long-term projects. The containers can be combined to build site offices and accommodation, sanitary facilities or storage space. In addition, a wide range of interior equipment or furnishings is available. Some rental companies offer special rental services for modular space, including preparing outlines and foundation plans, transport and installation services. Safety
1820-411: A rental company is dependent on the nature of the product to be rented, the company profile, the profile of the customer and the type of equipment needed. Here are some key criteria: For specific equipment, it is useful to establish relationships with rental depots that have experience with the products required. If the customer knows what task they need the equipment for, the rental company will identify
1950-422: A time-consuming task – sourcing the right equipment, negotiating with suppliers, and ensuring that the most modern and productive equipment is operated. Rental companies invest vast sums each year in maintaining modern fleets, providing access to the latest, most productive and safest equipment on the market. Flexibility : Rental companies give operational flexibility as well, with the option to rent equipment over
2080-498: A variety of lighting systems, are also available. Powered access is an important sector in the rental market. For different works at great height, for example for roof or hall construction, industrial cleaning or installation works, customers can choose from a wide range of working platforms or building construction lifts. Furthermore, telehandlers can be rented for diverse transportation tasks on construction sites. The industrial and event sectors often demand efficient logistics, and
2210-418: Is a critical issue on every construction site, especially when construction works are carried out along busy roads or on highways. Therefore, rental companies offer various professional solutions for traffic safety . This is not limited to the provision and installation of beacons or traffic signs . As specific traffic safety regulations may apply depending on the country or region in which the construction site
2340-569: Is a feeling that at least three million Iraqis are watching the eleven million others." —"A European diplomat", quoted in The New York Times , April 3, 1984. Iraqi society fissures along lines of language, religion and ethnicity. The Ba'ath Party, secular by nature, adopted Pan-Arab ideologies which in turn were problematic for significant parts of the population. Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Iraq faced
2470-534: Is a good idea to rent equipment via a rental platform depends on the type of equipment requested, on the customer's knowledge of the machine and on the location of the job site . On the one hand, rental platforms offer fast price comparisons, but on the other hand, they do not show the full spectrum of services offered by different rental companies that accompany the requested equipment. Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006)
2600-627: Is able to trade ethically in high risk jurisdictions". In April 2019, Mabey " blew the whistle " about an alleged cartel between suppliers of groundworks products, prompting an investigation by the UK Competition and Markets Authority . Mabey's action allowed it to avoid fines and prosecution under the CMA's 'leniency' programme so long as it continues to cooperate with the investigation. The company won six Queen's Awards for Export Achievement (in 1973, 1978, 1982, 1987, 1998 and 2002). In 2008,
2730-504: Is accessible here . The equipment rental market goes well beyond construction machinery and can include rental equipment such as a dedicated server housed in a data center . In addition to the construction sector , the rental market supplies a wide range of customers and industries, including gardening and landscaping, municipal and forestry services, the event industry [like PA equipment, LED screens, Camera/videography equipment, etc], IT infrastructure , and private clients. Depending on
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#17327914263882860-430: Is generally accepted that Egypt, in some capacity, was involved in the assassination attempt, and that "[t]he United States was working with Nasser on some level." Sale and Darwish's account has been disputed by historian Bryan R. Gibson who concludes that available U.S. declassified documents show that "while the United States was aware of several plots against Qasim, it had still adhered to [a] nonintervention policy." On
2990-478: Is located, traffic safety requires an enormous planning effort and the knowhow of well-trained professionals. Thus, some rental companies have extended their rental services in this area and take care of the whole planning process, including obtaining official approval or preparing traffic regulation plans. Some rental companies offer a range of temporary construction solutions, such as formwork , panels used to hold concrete in place until it sets, and falsework, which
3120-709: Is not believed to have received any training outside of Iraq, as he was a late addition to the assassination team. Richard Sale of United Press International (UPI), citing former United States diplomat and intelligence officials, Adel Darwish , and other experts, reported that the unsuccessful assassination attempt on Qasim was a collaboration between the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Egyptian intelligence . Pertinent contemporary records relating to CIA operations in Iraq have remained classified or heavily redacted, thus "allow[ing] for plausible deniability." It
3250-675: Is often preferred. This can include equipment such as machines for road or railway construction and forestry or agricultural work. Customers can also rent a wide range of commonly used construction equipment, such as compressors , pumps and compaction machines , or even small machines. Rental companies offer a wide range of temporary power solutions, whether for site use, events, petrochemical applications, manufacturing needs, shutdowns or power failures. The product range available includes generators , load banks, transformers and mobile fuel tanks. Various climate control solutions, such as heating and cooling systems and heat exchangers , as well as
3380-718: Is propping to hold a concrete structure until it sets. Groundworks may also be included in the product range. That is, equipment designed to hold holes in the ground open and allow operatives to work safely. Whether for woodwork, metalwork, construction or do-it-yourself projects, an extensive inventory of well-maintained smaller equipment and hand/power tools is available to tackle any job size or surface type. Smaller equipment can range from portable generators, concrete mixers and fan heaters to LED stand lights, wallpaper stripper and floor sanders . Tools can include power drills , power saws, electric rotary hammers, rock splitters and breakers, and portable cut-off saws. The choice of
3510-680: Is quoted as saying the company had "Great story, great products, of which Wales should be proud." The other companies shortlisted were SPTS Technologies, The Royal Mint and Sony UK Technology Centre. Plant hire Equipment rental was first developed in Anglo-Saxon countries. It emerged in the UK after the First World War and has now become a multi-billion euro business providing a wide range of construction and industrial equipment for customers globally.The American Rental Association
3640-597: The 1941 Iraqi coup d'état and Anglo-Iraqi War , and often mentored and told tales of his exploits to the young Saddam. In 1958, a year after Saddam had joined the Ba'ath party, army officers led by General Abd al-Karim Qasim overthrew Faisal II of Iraq in the 14 July Revolution . The Ba'ath Party was originally represented in Qasim's cabinet; however, Qasim—reluctant to join Nasser's newly formed union between Egypt and Syria —sided with various groups within Iraq (notably
3770-676: The ARA (American Rental Association) , rental revenues in 2019 in the U.S were expected to be $ 55.7 billion, up 5 percent from 2018. Rental revenue in Canada was expected to grow 2.1 percent in 2019 to total nearly $ 5.5 billion The ERA (European Rental Association) annually publishes the ERA Market Report, based on a research carried out in 15 countries (Austria, Belgium, The Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
3900-588: The Al-Bu Nasir tribe, which was descended from Ahmed Bin Hussein 'Nasiruddin', a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali . The Al-Bu Nasir tribe had settled in Tikrit after migrating from Yemen . Saddam's name means "the fighter who stands steadfast". His father died before his birth. This made Saddam's mother, Subha, so depressed that she unsuccessfully attempted to abort her pregnancy and commit suicide . His mother
4030-757: The Chaldean Catholic minority , was selected by Saddam to serve as Iraq’s Deputy Prime Minister from 1979 to 2003 and Foreign Minister from 1983 to 1991. A close advisor to him, Aziz was also appointed as a member of the Revolutionary Command Council and the Regional Command of the Iraqi Branch of the Ba'ath Party . Michel Aflaq , the founder of Ba'athism , was also a Christian . Cardinal Fernando Filoni , who
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4160-690: The Iraq Petroleum Company , diversifying the Iraqi economy . He presided over the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975) and the Algiers Agreement which settled territorial disputes along the Iran–Iraq border . Following al-Bakr's resignation in 1979, Saddam formally took power, although he had already been the de facto head of Iraq for several years. Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs,
4290-824: The Mabey Logistic Support Bridge was used in UN relief operations in Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan. Mabey bridges have also been supplied for UK domestic purposes; in one week in November 2009, a 50m-span bridge was constructed to span the River Derwent and reconnect the Cumbria town of Workington after the Northside Bridge collapsed during floods . Mabey & Johnson also built several permanent steel box-girder bridges, after acquiring
4420-634: The Mandaean minority in Iraq. Mandaeans were given state protection under his government. As a sign of respect, the Mandaean Book of John's first copy translation into Arabic was given to Saddam. After this he vowed to construct temples for the Mandaeans, with quoting, "Iraqis have religious freedom, whether they are Muslims, Christians or Sabaeans ". The Sabian–Mandaean Mandi in Baghdad
4550-493: The Second Iraqi–Kurdish War . In Iraq, especially compared to other middle-eastern countries such as Iran , Turkey , and Syria , Iraqi Kurds were treated well under the regime of Saddam when compared to the situation in neighbouring countries, with the Kurdish language being tolerated under Saddams regime in education, and media, and spoken as a official language. Saddam also had multiple Kurdish ministers and generals, with
4680-499: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). At the center of this strategy was Iraq's oil. On 1 June 1972, Saddam oversaw the seizure of international oil interests, which, at the time, dominated the country's oil sector. A year later, world oil prices rose dramatically as a result of the 1973 energy crisis , and skyrocketing revenues enabled Saddam to expand his agenda. With
4810-400: The financial risks of owning equipment fleets. By renting rather than owning, the user only pays for equipment when it is needed, and rental reduces the ongoing costs that come with equipment ownership, including maintenance, in-service inspections, repairs, transportation and storage. Rental allows companies to cope with peak workloads without having to invest in extra equipment. It represents
4940-664: The social democrats and the Iraqi Communist Party ) that told him such an action would be dangerous. Instead, Qasim adopted a wataniyah policy of "Iraq First". To strengthen his own position within the government, Qasim also had an alliance with the Iraqi Communist Party, which was opposed to the notion of pan-Arabism. His policies angered several pan-Arab organisations, including the Ba'ath Party, which later began plotting to assassinate Qasim at Al-Rashid Street on 7 October 1959 and take power. Saddam
5070-428: The 90's Iraqi-healthcare decreased in its effectiveness with the sanctions restricting basic-medical equipment and supplies from getting into Iraq. Nationalization of oil was implemented, which aimed to achieve economic independence. By the late 1970s, Iraq experienced significant economic growth, with a budget reserve surpassing US$ 35 billion. The value of 1 Iraqi dinar was worth more than 3 dollars, making it one of
5200-462: The Ba'ath Party had a large following in Syria at the time, but in 1955 there were fewer than 300 Ba'ath Party members in Iraq, and it is believed that Saddam's primary reason for joining the party as opposed to the more established Iraqi nationalist parties was his familial connection to Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and other leading Ba'athists through his uncle. Revolutionary sentiment was characteristic of
5330-595: The Ba'ath Party in response to the Marxist takeover of the Syrian Ba'ath earlier that year, resulting in the Party's formalized split into two separate factions . Saddam then created a Ba'athist security service, which he alone controlled. In July 1968, Saddam participated in a bloodless coup led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr that overthrew Abdul Rahman Arif , Salam Arif's brother and successor. While Saddam's role in
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5460-402: The Ba'ath Party's civilian wing upon his return. Unlike during the Qasim years, Saddam remained in Iraq following Arif's anti-Ba'athist purge in November 1963, and became involved in planning to assassinate Arif. In marked contrast to Qasim, Saddam knew that he faced no death penalty from Arif's government and knowingly accepted the risk of being arrested rather than fleeing to Syria again. Saddam
5590-473: The Ba'ath party. Relationships with fellow party members were carefully cultivated, and Saddam soon accumulated a powerful circle of support within the party. In 1979, al-Bakr started to make treaties with Syria, also under Ba'athist leadership, that would lead to unification between the two countries. Syrian President Hafiz al-Assad would become deputy leader in a union, and this would drive Saddam to obscurity. Saddam acted to secure his grip on power. He forced
5720-521: The Ba'athists in the rural areas. After nationalizing foreign oil interests, Saddam supervised the modernization of the countryside, mechanizing agriculture on a large scale, and distributing land to peasant farmers. The Ba'athists established farm cooperatives and the government also doubled expenditures for agricultural development in 1974–1975. Saddam's welfare programs were part of a combination of "carrot and stick" tactics to enhance support for Saddam. The state-owned banks were put under his thumb. Lending
5850-526: The Baghdad Metro project in 1980, though it did not ultimately come to fruition, due to troubles concerning the Iran-Iraq War . Throughout the 24 years of his presidency, Saddam built more than 100 palaces across the country. With a Muslim majority, Iraq consists of a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-sectarian population. During his rule, numerous religious and ethnic groups existed in
5980-925: The Caribbean and the Far East, and established a US-based company, Mabey Bridge Inc, in Baltimore , Maryland in 1989. In the early 2000s, the Mabey Group made regular donations to the Conservative party in Wokingham . John Redwood , the Wokingham MP, was chairman of an associated investment company until March 2008. The Group also made donations to the Conservative party in Maidenhead ,
6110-658: The Gulf War, Iraq was sanctioned by the UN , which caused economic decline. In 1995, then U.S. president Bill Clinton introduced Oil-for-Food Programme , in which Iraq sold oil on the world market in exchange for humanitarian needs. The program was accepted by the Ba'athist government in 1996. By 1995, GDP of Iraq dropped to US$ 9 billion from US$ 44.36 billion in 1990. Iraq had lost around US$ 170 billion of oil revenues. The economy of Iraq began improving in 2000, as its GDP increased to U$ 23.73 billion by 2000. Saddam pursued to beautify
6240-401: The Kurds to an extent, with Kurds being allowed to speak Kurdish in schools, on television, and even in newspapers, with textbooks being translated for the Kurdish regions, and Kurds in Iraq being able to elect a Kurdish representative to go to Baghdad. Saddam had already signed a deal in 1970 to grant the Kurds autonomy , but Mustafa Barazani eventually disagreed with the deal, which incited
6370-672: The Middle East in the 1950s and 1960s, with the collapse of the monarchies of Iraq , Egypt , and Libya . Nasser inspired nationalists throughout the Middle East by fighting the British and the French during the Suez Crisis of 1956 , modernizing Egypt, and uniting the Arab world politically. Saddam's father-in-law, Khairallah Talfah , was reported to have served five years in prison for his role in fighting against Great Britain in
6500-526: The Shatt al-Arab, which had been under Iranian control. Saddam Hussein aimed to secure Iraq's territorial claims, particularly regarding the Shatt al-Arab waterway, which had been a longstanding source of contention between Iran and Iraq. Both parties recognized each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, affirming the principle of non-aggression. The Algiers Agreement called for the restoration of full diplomatic relations between Iran and Iraq, including
6630-1092: The South Wales-based Fairfield shipbuilding and engineering company. Its heavier steel fabricating capabilities helped Mabey build the Erskine Bridge over the River Clyde in Glasgow and the Avonmouth Bridge , and sections of the Humber Bridge , the Britannia Bridge in Anglesey and the City Bridge in Newport . Overseas, the company also built highway bridges and flyovers in Central America,
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#17327914263886760-427: The UK and the Nordic Countries . The potential for growth is important in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, where some countries saw a double-digit growth rate for rental in recent years. In 2017, the Global Rental Alliance (GRA) estimated the combined rental revenue among the GRA member associations (US, Canada, Europe and UK, Japan, Australia and New Zealand) to be US$ 91.5 billion for 2015. Based on research by
6890-545: The UK). In 2019, equipment rental companies and other companies providing rental services generated a total rental turnover of more than EUR 27.7 billion in these countries (EU-EFTA-UK), with the most recent estimates putting the number of rental companies in Europe at 17,280 and people employed in the industry at 133,480. There are several reason why companies choose to rent equipment instead of buying it: financial and economic, operational and environmental. Equipment rental helps companies reduce their fixed costs and minimises
7020-586: The ability to pass their citizenship down to their children even if they married a non-Iraqi, which Iraqi women no longer have the ability to do. Women's education no longer was a luxury, with women having the same opportunities as men in higher education. He also introduced social security programs, with the notable parts of the program consisting of disability benefits, with disabled people in Iraq becoming eligible for financial assistance. It also introduced healthcare coverage, ensuring Iraqi citizens had access to healthcare and medication when needed, Although during
7150-633: The age of 10, Saddam fled the family and returned to live in Baghdad with his uncle Khairallah Talfah , who became a fatherly figure to Saddam. Talfah, the father of Saddam's future wife, was a devout Sunni Muslim and a veteran of the 1941 Anglo-Iraqi War between Iraqi nationalists and the United Kingdom , which remained a major colonial power in the region. Talfah was appointed the mayor of Baghdad during Saddam's time in power, until his notorious corruption compelled Saddam to force him out of office. Later in his life, relatives from his native city became some of his closest advisors and supporters. Under
7280-438: The ailing al-Bakr to resign on 16 July 1979, and formally assumed the presidency. Saddam convened an assembly of Ba'ath party leaders on 22 July 1979. During the assembly, which he ordered videotaped, Saddam claimed to have found a fifth column within the Ba'ath Party and directed Muhyi Abdel-Hussein to read out a confession and the names of 68 alleged co-conspirators. These members were labelled "disloyal" and were removed from
7410-456: The best equipment for the job. Besides equipment, it is important to define which accessories are required. Rental depots usually have a full range of accessories. If the only item required is an accessory , the widest range will be found with the specialists in the sector. The proximity of the rental depot provides economic and sustainability benefits because it reduces transport costs and the environmental footprint. When renting small equipment,
7540-828: The case of a short-term rental, the best rental fees should be searched for from depots offering flexible contractual conditions. Rental depots offering equipment with standard instructions for use should be the preferred choice. Rental depots should have well-trained staff who are able to explain the practical and safe use of the equipment and provide answers to technical questions. An increasing number of rental companies have stringent procedures in place with regard, for example, to waste management, energy saving, environmentally adapted fuels and oils, and reduction of chemicals. They usually publish their own Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies on their website. These relate to all aspects of sustainability (economic, social and environmental). In recent years, new players have appeared in
7670-414: The circular economy are applied in the rental business: An independent research study on the carbon footprint of construction equipment has demonstrated that the rental business model stimulates the efficient use of equipment and that this efficient use lowers the total carbon footprint. Depending on specific user practice, this can lead to significant reductions, in the range of 30%. The researchers of
7800-425: The cities of Iraq. He launched various projects across the cities, beautifying it. Many monuments were constructed in Baghdad, such as the Al-Shaheed Monument and Monument to the Unknown Soldier , which helped in beautifying the city of Baghdad. Under his regime, Iraq engaged in rapid infrastructural development. Baghdad Airport was inaugurated in 1982, bearing his name "Saddam International Airport". He also proposed
7930-572: The company quickly after World War II by buying up spare Bailey bridges from the British Army . Mabey then developed a steel modular bridge package for use as highway structures. His design was lighter, with fewer components, had twice the loading capability, and could be built to longer spans. and with a much longer life. These were extensively deployed in rough terrain in developing countries, and have been used for military purposes, helping British, US and Nato troops establish lines of communication in offensive and peacekeeping operations. For example,
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#17327914263888060-452: The company was listed in the Sunday Times Top Track 250 list of Britain's top 250 mid-market private companies by turnover. On 5 October 2012, Mabey Bridge won both "Company of the Year" and "Company Showing Exceptional Growth" categories at the Monmouthshire Business Awards. On 18 October 2012, Mabey Bridge won the "Manufacturer of the Year" award at the Insider Media "Made in Wales" awards. Sponsored by Barclays Bank , one unnamed judge
8190-425: The company's accounts showed substantial increases in profits largely due to the Philippine contracts. In January 2008, Mabey was implicated in a court action alleging the company sought to avoid UK anti-bribery legislation; a former sales manager accused the company of misconduct in sales to Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Panama. In its 2008 results, Mabey Group admitted publicly that it may have paid bribes to
8320-417: The constituency of Theresa May . Expanded through acquisition, parts of the group were founded over 150 years ago. The group is still wholly family owned. With an administrative headquarters in Twyford, Berkshire , the group employs over 1,000 people in 40 locations. In 2010, over 90% of the company's production was exported to over 115 countries for use either in permanent or temporary bridging solutions. In
8450-402: The country. Saddam, contrary to popular belief, was not inherently sectarian. While he did place his close relatives in key security and military positions, he also promoted individuals from other communities and minorities to the highest levels of power in Iraq. His primary criterion for these appointments was unwavering loyalty to him and his regime. Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf , a Shia Muslim,
8580-645: The countryside and roughly two-thirds were peasants. This number would decrease quickly during the 1970s as global oil prices helped revenues to rise from less than a half billion dollars to tens of billions of dollars and the country invested into industrial expansion. He nationalised independent banks, eventually leaving the banking system insolvent due to inflation and bad loans. The oil revenue benefited Saddam politically. According to The Economist , "Much as Adolf Hitler won early praise for galvanizing German industry, ending mass unemployment and building autobahns, Saddam earned admiration abroad for his deeds. He had
8710-441: The coup was not hugely significant (except in the official account), Saddam planned and carried out the subsequent purge of the non-Ba'athist faction led by Prime Minister Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif , whose support had been essential to the coup's success. According to a semi-official biography, Saddam personally led Naif at gunpoint to the plane that escorted him out of Iraq. Arif was given refuge in London and then Istanbul . Al-Bakr
8840-409: The coup. Ba'athist leaders were appointed to the cabinet and Abdul Salam Arif became president. Arif dismissed and arrested the Ba'athist leaders later that year in the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état . Being exiled in Egypt at the time, Saddam played no role in the 1963 coup or the brutal anti-communist purge that followed; although he returned to Iraq after the coup, becoming a key organizer within
8970-600: The customer segment, specialised machinery and equipment are available. Furthermore, the equipment on rental offer is often complemented by additional services. A brief overview of the different categories of equipment that can be rented is detailed below. Construction machines on offer for rental range from small machines, such as mini-excavators and skid steer loaders , to heavy equipment, including hydraulic excavators and dumpers , which some rental companies offer with trained operators. When contractors need specialised equipment that they do not hold in their own fleet, renting
9100-440: The diverse elements of Iraqi society and mobilizing mass support, he closely followed the administration of state welfare and development programs. Within just a few years, Iraq was providing unprecedented social services among Middle Eastern countries. Saddam established and controlled the "National Campaign for the Eradication of Illiteracy" and the campaign for "Compulsory Free Education in Iraq", and largely under his auspices,
9230-405: The economic aspect is among the most decisive factors in the choice of a rental company. With larger equipment, the transportation cost and environmental impact becomes more important. The fleet inventory should guarantee the immediate availability of the equipment required, especially when the equipment is booked in advance. Dealing with a large depot allows customers to find, from a single source,
9360-407: The equipment rental market, namely online platforms. These companies offer digital solutions to the rental needs of customers, acting as an intermediary between customers and rental companies: The customer sends an inquiry to the platform, the platform checks the availability of the machine in its network and the customer receives an offer, either from the platform or from a rental company. Whether it
9490-461: The era in Iraq and throughout the Middle East. In Iraq, progressives and socialists assailed traditional political elites (colonial-era bureaucrats and landowners, wealthy merchants and tribal chiefs, and monarchists). Moreover, the pan-Arab nationalism of Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt profoundly influenced young Ba'athists like Saddam. The rise of Nasser foreshadowed a wave of revolutions throughout
9620-418: The exchange of ambassadors. The agreement emphasized the importance of economic cooperation between the two countries, particularly in areas such as trade, transport, and joint development projects. The signing of the Algiers Agreement occurred during a period of relative stability in Iraq, with Saddam Hussein gradually consolidating power within the ruling Ba'ath Party. As Vice President, Saddam Hussein played
9750-585: The financial year to 30 September 2016, Mabey Group reported a pre-tax profit of £11.9m on a turnover of £109m. In May 2019, the Group sold its largest division, Mabey Bridge, for an undisclosed sum, to the US-based Acrow Bridge. Based in Lydney , Gloucestershire , Mabey Bridge supplies fabricated steel bridging, structural steelwork and associated construction services internationally. Until 2009 it
9880-417: The first major British company to be convicted of foreign bribery after admitting it had systematically paid bribes around the world to win contracts. The firm was ordered to pay more than £6.5m, including fines and reparations to foreign governments. In February 2011, Mabey & Johnson sales director and shareholder David Mabey (son of Bevil Mabey) was jailed for eight months, and disqualified from acting as
10010-413: The full range of services included in an offer, as well as the specifications of the equipment provided, which may be more or less expensive to run.Some rental companies may be more competitive in short-term rentals and others in long-term rentals. It is, therefore, necessary to compare individual fees precisely and thoroughly. Rental conditions lay out the policies applied by the rental depot and provide all
10140-434: The full range of services required during the contractual period. Especially in the initial phase of the relationship, it is important to talk personally with the depot manager and check the fleet. Rental depots must provide equipment that is fully compliant with legislative regulations and in good operating condition. Many rental companies rent equipment fitted with telematics solutions (especially large equipment). This enables
10270-415: The government established universal free schooling up to the highest education levels; hundreds of thousands learned to read in the years following the initiation of the program. The government also supported families of soldiers, granted free hospitalization to everyone, and gave subsidies to farmers. Iraq created one of the most modernized public health systems in the Middle East, earning Saddam an award from
10400-465: The government issued a decree inviting Jews back to Iraq, who were expelled. The Israeli government panned the decree by calling it political propaganda. Only a few Jewish families returned to Iraq. Thus the decree failed in attracting large swaths of Jews. In 1972, Saddam signed a 15-year Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union . According to historian Charles R. H. Tripp ,
10530-460: The government. As the ailing, elderly al-Bakr became unable to execute his duties, Saddam took on an increasingly prominent role as the face of the government both internally and externally. He soon became the architect of Iraq's foreign policy and represented the nation in all diplomatic situations. He was the de facto leader of Iraq some years before he formally came to power in 1979. He slowly began to consolidate his power over Iraq's government and
10660-656: The grounds that the party should not have initiated the attempt on Qasim's life. At the same time, Aflaq secured seats in the Iraqi Ba'ath leadership for his supporters, one of them being Saddam. The assassins, including Saddam, all eventually escaped to Cairo , Egypt "where they enjoyed Nasser's protection for the remainder of Qasim's tenure in power." Saddam initially escaped to Syria and then to Egypt itself in February 1960, and he continued to live there until 1963, graduating from high school in 1961 and unsuccessfully pursuing
10790-466: The guidance of his uncle, he attended a nationalistic high school in Baghdad. After secondary school, Saddam studied at an Iraqi law school for three years, dropping out in 1957 at the age of 20 to join the revolutionary pan-Arab Ba'ath Party , of which his uncle was a supporter. During this time, Saddam apparently supported himself as a secondary school teacher. Ba'athist ideology originated in Syria and
10920-417: The help of increasing oil revenues, Saddam diversified the largely oil-based Iraqi economy . Saddam implemented a national infrastructure campaign that made great progress in building roads, promoting mining, and developing other industries. The campaign helped Iraq's energy industries. Electricity was brought to nearly every city in Iraq, and many outlying areas. Before the 1970s, most of Iraq's people lived in
11050-966: The highest ranking one being Taha Yassin Ramadan , an Iraqi Kurd —was appointed by Saddam, largely due to his loyalty, as one of Iraq's three Vice Presidents. He was also made Deputy Secretary of the Regional Command of the Iraqi Branch of the Ba'ath Party and commander of the People's Army. Saddam himself personally enjoyed Kurdish culture, often wearing traditional Kurdish clothing in state visits to northern Iraq. Under Saddam's regime , substantial reforms in education and literacy took place, with Saddam Hussein introducing mandatory reading groups for adults, with punishments for not attending consisting of heavy fines, and even jail time. UNESCO awarded Iraq for having "Most effective literacy campaign in
11180-418: The hit team at a hospital; the calculating shrewdness that helped him save himself minutes before the police broke in leaving his wounded comrades behind; and finally the long trek of a wounded man from house to house, city to town, across the desert to refuge in Syria . Michel Aflaq , the leader of the Ba'athist movement, organized the expulsion of leading Iraqi Ba'athist members, such as Fuad al-Rikabi , on
11310-539: The hundreds of thousands of pieces of equipment, while others are specialized in a few specific products. They can supply the most comprehensive range of state-of-the-art equipment – with or without qualified operators – when and where customers need it. Maintenance, compliance with standards and regulations : Rental companies bear the responsibility for ensuring the equipment they rent out complies with applicable regulations, performing safety check before delivery. Routine maintenance and major repairs are typically handled by
11440-413: The importance of economic cooperation between Iraq and Iran, particularly in areas like trade and joint development projects. This agreement, while ultimately unable to prevent future hostilities, remained a notable diplomatic achievement for Iraq during Saddam Hussein's early political career. In 1976, Saddam rose to the position of general in the Iraqi armed forces, and rapidly became the strongman of
11570-527: The industry is now growing quickly in other areas of the world, including the Middle East , Latin America , and Asia . The industry has moved from mostly family-owned small businesses to the creation of a number of international groups, some of which have an annual turnover over €1billion. Around 40 of the 100 largest equipment rental companies in the world are European. The majority of companies in
11700-527: The industry still have fewer than 5 employees. Concentration in the industry is expected to renew at a fast pace, following a pause in 2008–2009 as a consequence of the international credit crunch . The situation of the equipment rental industry in Europe varies from one country to another, with some markets being more mature. Equipment rental penetration is lower in Southern and Eastern Europe and highest in
11830-427: The information regarding the services ancillary to rental that are included in the rental rates and those that are excluded. Some of the services / issues rental conditions should address include: Rental depots should also guarantee continuity of service through the replacement of the equipment or through assistance services. For long-term rentals, the focus should be on rental depots offering attractive conditions. In
11960-571: The late 1950s and early 1960s." Army officers with ties to the Ba'ath Party overthrew Qasim in the Ramadan Revolution coup of February 1963; long suspected to be supported by the CIA, however, pertinent contemporary documents relating to the CIA's operations in Iraq have remained classified by the U.S. government, although the Ba'athists are documented to have maintained supportive relationships with U.S. officials before, during, and after
12090-547: The long term usefulness of the equipment. Renting can be up to three times more expensive over financing, but comes with the benefits of lower risk and commitment. Where buying starts to make more sense is when there is a consistent and forecastable use case for the equipment. Renting again is much better suited to infrequent or one time uses. Capital Release : In times where they have to demonstrate high levels of profit compared to invested capital , contractors are increasingly eager to rent equipment, as it allows them to minimize
12220-427: The most notable economic expansions in the region. Saddam Hussein's regime aimed to diversify the Iraqi economy beyond oil. The government invested in various industries, including petrochemicals, fertilizer production, and textile manufacturing, to reduce dependence on oil revenues and promote economic self-sufficiency. By the 1970s, women employment rate also increased. Following the invasion of Kuwait which initiated
12350-433: The new government by aiding attempts to strengthen and unify the Ba'ath party and taking a leading role in addressing the country's major domestic problems and expanding the party's following. Saddam actively fostered the modernization of the Iraqi economy and created a strong security apparatus to prevent coups within the power structure and insurrections apart from it. Ever concerned with broadening his base of support among
12480-454: The other hand, historian Kenneth Osgood writes that "the circumstantial evidence is such that the possibility of US–UAR collaboration with Ba'ath Party activists cannot be ruled out," concluding that "[w]hatever the validity of [Sale's] charges, at the very least currently declassified documents reveal that US officials were actively considering various plots against Qasim and that the CIA was building up assets for covert operations in Iraq." At
12610-469: The policies and political ideas he championed are collectively known as Saddamism . Saddam was born in the village of Al-Awja , near Tikrit in northern Iraq , to a Sunni Arab family. He joined the Ba'ath Party in 1957, and later in 1966 the Iraqi and Baghdad-based Ba'ath parties. He played a key role in the 17 July Revolution and was appointed vice president of Iraq by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr . During his time as vice president, Saddam nationalized
12740-401: The potentially hostile population. Membership in the Ba'ath Party remained open to all Iraqi citizens regardless of background, and repressive measures were taken against its opponents. The major instruments for accomplishing this control were the paramilitary and police organizations. Beginning in 1974, Taha Yassin Ramadan (himself a Kurdish Ba'athist), a close associate of Saddam, commanded
12870-444: The prospect of régime change from two Shi'ite factions ( Dawa and SCIRI ) which aspired to model Iraq on its neighbour Iran as a Shia theocracy. A separate threat to Iraq came from parts of the ethnic Kurdish population of northern Iraq which opposed being part of an Iraqi state and favored independence (an ongoing ideology which had preceded Ba'ath Party rule). To alleviate the threat of revolution, Saddam afforded certain benefits to
13000-656: The quick coalition victory in the war, the Ba'ath Party was banned and Saddam went into hiding. After his capture on 13 December 2003, his trial took place under the Iraqi Interim Government . On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by the Iraqi High Tribunal of crimes against humanity related to the 1982 Dujail massacre and sentenced to death by hanging . He was executed on 30 December 2006. A highly polarizing and controversial figure, Saddam dominated Iraqi politics for 35 years and
13130-766: The regime of Saddam Hussein in order to win business in Iraq , under the Oil-for-Food Programme . In a retrospective United Nations report, it was alleged that Mabey paid a $ 202,000 (£101,000) kickback between 2001 and 2003, and was handed a $ 3.6m contract. In 2009, in a case brought by the SFO, the company pleaded guilty to the charge of "sought to influence decision makers in public contracts in Jamaica and Ghana between 1993 and 2001" at Westminster Magistrates' Court . In September 2009, Mabey & Johnson became
13260-401: The rental company, saving the renter the expense of having a maintenance crew on staff. Safety checks are performed before each delivery. Outsourcing risk : The rental company is responsible for providing safe equipment on-site and shoulders any risk connected to the transportation of equipment (when this is carried out by the rental company). Procurement of equipment by a contractor : It is
13390-533: The room one by one and taken into custody. After the list was read, Saddam congratulated those still seated in the room for their past and future loyalty. The 68 people arrested at the meeting were subsequently tried together and found guilty of treason ; 22 were sentenced to execution. Other high-ranking members of the party formed the firing squad. By 1 August 1979, hundreds of high-ranking Ba'ath party members had been executed. Although his position on Kurdish politics has been debated, Saddam has allowed autonomy for
13520-494: The short, medium or long-term. Renting by definition operates in a circular business model and seen as part of the sharing economy and circular economy , it can contribute to environmental and societal sustainability. The European rental industry, through its representative association ERA, has published a Manifesto for the Promotion of the sustainable benefits of the rental concept. The Manifesto defines how principles of
13650-450: The size of their equipment fleet. Less immobilized capital allows for improved cost control , lower maintenance costs, and a reduction in transport fleets. Renting equipment with operators allows for optimizing staff costs. The ERA Total Cost of Ownership calculator can help in deciding whether to buy, rent or lease equipment from financial perspective. Range of recent equipment available : Some rental companies have inventories up to
13780-414: The story ad nauseam—tells of his familiarity with guns from the age of ten; his fearlessness and loyalty to the party during the 1959 operation; his bravery in saving his comrades by commandeering a car at gunpoint; the bullet that was gouged out of his flesh under his direction in hiding; the iron discipline that led him to draw a gun on weaker comrades who would have dropped off a seriously wounded member of
13910-399: The study built a calculator to determine the carbon footprint of the use of construction equipment, based on various parameters. The parameters with the biggest influence on the carbon footprint of equipment are: ERA used this study to develop a free online tool to determine exact carbon footprint of construction equipment per hour of use of the equipment. The ERA Equipment CO 2 calculator
14040-451: The time of the attack, the Ba'ath Party had fewer than 1,000 members; however, the failed assassination attempt led to widespread exposure for Saddam and the Ba'ath within Iraq, where both had previously languished in obscurity, and later became a crucial part of Saddam's public image during his tenure as president of Iraq . Kanan Makiya recounts: The man and the myth merge in this episode. His biography—and Iraqi television, which stages
14170-409: The tracking of equipment, a detailed analysis of the way it is being used and a reduction of the maintenance costs, among other benefits. All rented equipment must be compliant with existing legislation on safety. Rental rates is the easiest parameter to compare. Special offers for weekend or long-term rentals can make a rental depot more attractive. Together with rental rates, it is important to assess
14300-640: The treaty upset "the US-sponsored security system established as part of the Cold War in the Middle East. It appeared that any enemy of the Baghdad regime was a potential ally of the United States." In response, the US covertly financed Kurdish rebels led by Mustafa Barzani during the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War ; the Kurds were defeated in 1975, leading to the forcible relocation of hundreds of thousands of Kurdish civilians. Saddam focused on fostering loyalty to
14430-816: The world.", with estimates being that in 1979 alone, over 2 million Iraqi adults were studying in more than 28,735 literacy schools, with over 75,000 teachers. Saddam Hussein's regime also mandated education for primary to high school, with Saddam's regime also mandating free tuition for university students. Saddam also took steps to promote women's rights within Iraq. By the late 1970s, women in Iraq held significant roles in society, representing 46% of all teachers, 29% of all doctors, 46% of all dentist and 70% of all pharmacists. These advancements signaled progress in women's participation in various professional fields. Women also saw drastic increase in rights in other-aspects of life, with women being given equal-rights in marriage, divorce, inheritance, and custody. Women in Iraq also had
14560-668: Was Saddam's minister of foreign affairs from 1991 to 2001 and later information minister , until 2003 Taha Yassin Ramadan, Saddam's deputy was from the Shabak community —a small, quasi-Shiite sect. During the Iran–Iraq War, Saddam sought to gain support from Shia community. As 80% of the Iraqi Armed Forces were Shia Muslim personnel, who chose Iraq over Iran. Before 2003, more than 1.2 million Christians lived in Iraq . Tariq Aziz , an ethnic Iraqi Assyrian and member of
14690-477: Was Vatican's ambassador to Iraq, stated that under his regime, Christians were free to practice their faith in the majority-Muslim country. In 2003, Pope John Paul II visited Saddam in March 2003 and addressed the message for peace. During his rule, Iraq retained a substantial Jewish community , around 1,000. The Jews in Iraq were treated by Saddam. It is said that he had a soft spot for Jews because his mother
14820-492: Was a strong behind-the-scenes party politician. Al-Bakr was the older and more prestigious of the two, but by 1969 Saddam had become the moving force behind the party. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, as vice chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council, formally al-Bakr's second-in-command, Saddam built a reputation as a progressive, effective politician. At this time, Saddam moved up the ranks in
14950-404: Was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. He also served as prime minister of Iraq from 1979 to 1991 and later from 1994 to 2003. He was a leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and later its Iraqi regional branch . Ideologically, he espoused Ba'athism , a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism , while
15080-526: Was arrested in October 1964 and served approximately two years in prison before escaping in 1966. In 1966, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr appointed him Deputy Secretary of the Regional Command. Saddam, who would prove to be a skilled organizer, revitalized the party. He was elected to the Regional Command, as the story goes, with help from Michel Aflaq—the founder of Ba'athist thought. In September 1966, Saddam initiated an extraordinary challenge to Syrian domination of
15210-661: Was based in Chepstow , Monmouthshire ; this site was used for manufacture of wind turbine towers until 2015, and was sold for redevelopment in February 2019. In 2017, Mabey Bridge made a loss of £1.8m from £24m revenue, mainly due to the closure of its wind turbine mast business. In 2005, Mabey & Johnson was accused of making excessive profits in aid projects in the Philippines, building what critics described as "bridges to nowhere", resulting in accusations of corruption and overcharging. Mabey denied any impropriety. Analysis of
15340-606: Was based on cronyism. A peace treaty, which aimed to address the Shatt al-Arab dispute, was signed in 1975. Under the accord, Iraq was granted sovereignty over the eastern bank of the waterway, while Iran retained control over the western bank. The agreement also allowed for joint navigation and other provisions. The 1975 Algiers Agreement, also known as the Algiers Accord, was a significant diplomatic agreement signed between Iran and Iraq on 6 March 1975, to settle border disputes and improve bilateral relations. The agreement
15470-410: Was based on the principles of territorial integrity, respect for sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, and the peaceful resolution of disputes. The agreement established a new border line along the Shatt al-Arab, dividing the waterway equally between Iran and Iraq up to the midpoint. Iran made significant concessions in the agreement, including relinquishing its claims on the eastern bank of
15600-455: Was built on land donated by the Ministry of Finance. Mandaeans were some of the best goldsmiths and jewelers in Iraq, with Saddam's personal jeweler being of Mandaean background. However, after his downfall, Mandaeans faced severe persecution, and constant kidnappings. They often expressed that they were better under Saddam's rule, and praise him for the protection they received. "There
15730-482: Was founded as early as 1955, and the first waves of consolidation took place in the 1970s in North America, leading to the creation of companies with nationwide operations. Consolidation was slow in the 2000s but a buyout joined the two largest North American rental companies: United Rentals and RSC. Europe is catching up since the 1980s. In Europe alone there are over 17,000 equipment rental companies and
15860-563: Was heavy-handed, but consistent as a drumbeat. It helped, of course, that his mukhabarat (secret police) put dozens of Arab news editors, writers and artists on the payroll." After the Ba'athists took power in 1968, Saddam focused on attaining stability in a nation riddled with profound tensions. Long before him, Iraq had been split along social, ethnic, religious, and economic fault lines: Sunni versus Shi'ite , Arab versus Kurd , tribal chief versus urban merchant, nomad versus peasant and Jews versus anti-Semites. The desire for stable rule in
15990-422: Was mediated by the then-President of Algeria, Houari Boumediene . Prior to the Algiers Agreement, Iran and Iraq had been engaged in a long-standing territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab waterway, which serves as the border between the two countries. Algeria played a crucial role in mediating the negotiations between Iran and Iraq, with President Boumediene acting as the chief mediator. The Algiers Agreement
16120-413: Was named president and Saddam was named his deputy, and deputy chairman of the Ba'athist Revolutionary Command Council . According to biographers, Saddam never forgot the tensions within the first Ba'athist government, which formed the basis for his measures to promote Ba'ath party unity as well as his resolve to maintain power and programs to ensure social stability. Although Saddam was al-Bakr's deputy, he
16250-502: Was one of the triggers for the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War. On the other hands Feyil Kurds were also systamically persecuted . During the early years of the Ba'ath rule, Jews were oppressed under the government. Saddam was given the charge of publicly hanging 13 men , including many Jews. They were accused by the government of spying for Israel. Later government abolished its repressive policies on Jews. In November 1975,
16380-465: Was recruited to the assassination conspiracy by its ring-leader, Abdul Karim al-Shaikhly, after one of the would-be assassins left. During the ambush, Saddam (who was only supposed to provide cover) began shooting prematurely, which disorganised the whole operation. Qasim's chauffeur was killed and Qasim was hit in the arm and shoulder. The assassins thought they had killed Qasim and quickly retreated to their headquarters, but Qasim survived. Saddam himself
16510-471: Was responsible for the murder or disappearance of 250,000 to 290,000 Iraqis . Saddam's government has been described by several analysts as authoritarian and totalitarian , and by some as fascist , although the applicability of those labels has been contested. Saddam Hussein was born in al-Awja , a small village near Tikrit , to Hussein Abd Al-Majid and Subha Tulfah Al-Mussallat. They were both from
16640-577: Was saved by Jewish neighbors. Saddam reportedly helped the estimated 150 remaining Iraqi Jews, allowing many to leave the country. There was a Jewish representative in the government. Shaul Sasson, the Technical Head of state-owned enterprises under the Ministry of Industry , was a Jew. A Jewish chemist from Basra was also sent by him on a trade mission to China in 1988. Saddam helped in restoration of Meir Taweig Synagogue and construction
16770-457: Was saved by a Jewish family. Subha "would have nothing to do with him", and Saddam would eventually be taken in by an uncle. His mother remarried, and Saddam gained three half-brothers through this marriage. His stepfather, Ibrahim al-Hassan, treated Saddam harshly after his return, and (according to a psychological profile created by the CIA ) beat him regularly, sometimes to wake him up. At around
16900-506: Was the subject of a cult of personality . Many Arabs regard Saddam as a resolute leader who challenged Western imperialism , opposed the Israeli occupation of Palestine , and resisted foreign intervention in the region. Conversely, many Iraqis, particularly Shias and Kurds, perceive him negatively as a dictator responsible for severe authoritarianism , repression, and numerous injustices. Human Rights Watch estimated that Saddam's regime
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