64-522: MacNeil can have a number of different meanings and spellings: Clan MacNeil is a Scottish clan. Clan MacNeil Clan MacNeil , also known in Scotland as Clan Niall , is a highland Scottish clan of Irish origin. According to their early genealogies and some sources they're descended from Eógan mac Néill and Niall of the Nine Hostages . The clan is particularly associated with
128-519: A clan in its own right, MacNeil(l)s who consider themselves of the Colonsay "branch" have used the following crest badge to distinguish themselves from the Barra "branch". This crest badge contains the crest: an armoured dexter arm with dagger ; and the motto: vincere aut mori (also written as vincere vel mori ), which translates from Latin as "conquer or die". Another symbol used by clan members
192-466: A melieuratier (an "improver"). One mass exodus of Barra folk was led by Gilleonan, elder son of the chief. This consisted of 370 Catholic Barra folk (about 75 families in total) who emigrated in August to Pictou , Nova Scotia. In 1838, after going broke, Colonel Roderick's son and heir, Lieutenant General Roderick MacNeil of Barra, sold Barra to Colonel Gordon of Cluny . When Roderick died in 1863
256-601: A Campbell married the heiress of the O'Duines and she brought with her the Lordship of Loch Awe . Because of this, the early clan name was Clan O'Duine . The name was later styled Clann Diarmaid based on a fancied connection to Diarmuid the Boar , a great hero from early Celtic mythology . The original seat of Clan Campbell was either Innes Chonnel Castle on Loch Awe or Caisteal na Nigheann Ruaidh on Loch Avich . The clan's power soon spread throughout Argyll, though at first
320-561: A Royal Commission against George Gordon, 6th Earl of Huntly but was defeated at the Battle of Glenlivet . The support that the Campbells gave to the central Government brought them rewards: In 1607, Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll was granted the former MacDonald lands of Kintyre and in 1615 Campbell of Cawdor was allowed to purchase the Isle of Islay which had previously belonged to
384-581: A century. In Scotland, all coats of arms belong to a single person. The coat of arms typically attributed to Clan MacNeil belongs solely to the current chief of the clan. A depiction of the coat of arms is painted in the Great Hall of Kisimul Castle in Castlebay , Barra , Scotland. This coat of arms is divided into quarters: Surrounding the Coat of Arms [1] : The topic of who is a MacNeil can be
448-514: A charter of Barra and Boisdale , from the Lord of the Isles , following the forfeiture of the previous Lordships of Uist and Garmoran , earlier that year. Gilleonan's namesake, reckoned the twelfth chief, was one of the island lords who were tricked into meeting James V of Scotland at Portree, where they were promised safe conduct but instead were arrested and imprisoned. The MacNeil chief of Barra
512-662: A complicated one. By convention, anyone descended from a member of Clan MacNeil can claim membership. Because of the history of slavery in the United States and the Caribbean, however, many African-Americans may bear a MacNeil surname. Because it was not uncommon for a female slave to bear her slave-master's child, several African-American MacNeils may have legitimate descent from a MacNeil, however such descent can rarely be proven, and most African-American MacNeils remain uninvolved with clan activities and do not claim descent from
576-615: A free barony. Roderick also led his clan at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689. He also supported the Jacobite rising of 1715 and as a result his two sons, Roderick and James, went into exile in France . Upon their father's death they returned but for his Jacobite sympathies, Roderick was consigned to a prison ship, the Royal Sovereign . He was then taken to London and not released until July 1747. The clan prospered until
640-602: A great political assault on the Albany Stewarts and their allies in the west. However, Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell ( Donnchadh ), escaped the fate of his Albany kinsmen, who all were either executed or exiled. Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll ( Cailean ), was ennobled as Earl of Argyll in 1457 and later became Baron of Lorn. He also was granted lands in Knapdale . The title and land grants were signs that
704-772: A prince at a Council of the Lord of the Isles . His son was Neil Og Macneil who is believed to have fought for Robert the Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. An alternate hypothesis is a descent from a Bute family in service to the Clan MacRuari and granted Barra by them after the conquest of Bute by Scotland. The earliest contemporary record of the Macneils of Barra is only in 1427, when Giolla Adhamhnáin Mac Néill (typically anglicised as Gilleonan Macneil ) received
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#1732773371250768-455: A roll call from a few months before included six Campbells in addition to Cpt. Robt. Campbell: Corporal Achibald Campbell, Private Archibald Campbell (elder), Private Donald Campbell (younger), Private Archibald Campbell (younger), Private James Campbell, Private Donald Campbell (elder), and Private Duncan Campbell. See also: Earl of Argyll's Regiment of Foot . During the Jacobite risings of
832-532: A wider influence and authority from Edinburgh to the Hebrides and western Highlands. Early in the 14th century, the family of Colin Campbell became firm supporters of King Robert the Bruce and benefited from his successes through grants of lands, titles, and good marriages. In 1314, the Campbells fought for Scotland against England in the Wars of Scottish Independence at the Battle of Bannockburn . Throughout
896-631: Is Roderick Wilson MacNeil of Barra, The MacNeil of Barra, Chief of Clan Niall and 26th of Barra, also Baron of Barra. The chief is a member of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs . The current chief, while a United States citizen , lives in Edinburgh , Scotland. Regarding the ascent of the 45th chief (Robert Lister Macneil), The Arms of the Scottish Bishoprics (1917) states: "In 1914 Roderick Ambrose MacNeil, Chief of
960-652: Is a clan badge , or sometimes called a plant badge . The original clan badges were merely plants worn in bonnets or hung from a pole or spear. Today, the clan badge attributed to Clan MacNeil is dryas . Trefoil has also been attributed to the clan, however this clan badge may actually be attributed to the McNeills of Gigha, a branch of Clan MacNeil. Trefoil has also been attributed to the Lamonts, another clan in Argyl. The Lamonts and MacNeils/McNeills both claim descent from
1024-511: The Battle of Knockmary in 1490, men of Clan Campbell and Clan Drummond joined forces to defeat Clan Murray. The battle also became known as the Massacre of Monzievaird . In 1499, Campbell of Inverliver defeated Clan Calder at the Battle of Daltullich . Sir John Campbell, the younger son of the Earl of Argyll, subsequently received the estate of Calder and Cawdor Castle through his marriage to
1088-588: The Engager Covenanter forces of Sir George Munro, 1st of Newmore who supported the Earl of Lanark . Among Argyll's dead was William Campbell of Glenfalloch killed in action. In 1672, a feud took place between the Clan Campbell and Clan Sinclair . Debt had forced George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness to resign his titles and estates in favour of Sir John Campbell. Campbell took possession of
1152-739: The Isle of Mull and took Duart Castle from the Clan Maclean. However, Argyll was beheaded on 30 June 1685 for his participation in Argyll's Rising in support of the Monmouth Rebellion to depose Catholic James VII and II and place the Protestant James, Duke of Monmouth on the throne. Later in 1692, Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll again gained possession of the Maclean's Duart Castle. In 1692, 38 unarmed people of
1216-634: The Jacobite rising of 1745 , the Clan Campbell continued their support for the British Government. They fought against the rebel Jacobites at the Battle of Falkirk (1746) where Government forces were defeated. However, shortly afterwards the Campbells held out during the Siege of Fort William where the Jacobites were defeated. The Campbells were also involved in the Skirmish of Keith around
1280-501: The Outer Hebridean island of Barra . The early history of Clan MacNeil is obscure. However, despite this the clan claims to descend from the legendary Irish King Niall of the Nine Hostages , who is counted as the 1st Clan Chief, the current Clan Chief being the 47th. The clan itself takes its name from a Niall who lived in the 13th or early 14th century and who belonged to the same dynastic family of Cowal and Knapdale as
1344-644: The eponym of the clan, thus totally unrelated to the Barra MacNeils. His Norse name suggests his kindred were remnants of the lordship of Somerled , along with the Clan McCorquodale and Clan MacIver . The chief of the Gigha MacNeills at this time was Neill MacNeill, who was killed in about 1530. His only daughter inherited his lands and handed them over to her illegitimate brother, Neill. According to historian John Bannerman , while
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#17327733712501408-575: The 11th century. Through him the MacNeils of Barra also naturally claim descent from the legendary Niall of the Nine Hostages . Anrothan is claimed as ancestor of several clans in the Argyll vicinity: Clan Lamont , Clan Maclachlan , Clan MacEwen of Otter , and also the Irish Sweeneys (MacSween). If the MacNeils are indeed connected to Anrothan, then they appear to have been a junior branch of
1472-522: The 14th century, Clan Campbell rapidly expanded its lands and power. The expansion is explained in part by the loyalty of Sir Neil Campbell ( Niall mac Caile ) (died 1316) to the cause of Robert the Bruce, a loyalty that was rewarded with marriage to Bruce's sister Mary . The family was closely associated with the Stewarts and the Bruces in the time of Cailean Mór. Sir Neil, as a staunch ally of Robert
1536-524: The 18th century the Clan Campbell supported the British-Hanoverian Government. On 23 October 1715, chief John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll learned that a detachment of rebels was passing by Castle Campbell, towards Dunfermline . He sent out a body of cavalry which attacked the rebel party and defeated it in what is now known as the Skirmish of Dunfermline and took a number of prisoners, taking only light casualties. A month later
1600-723: The Argylls were one of the major forces in Scotland. In 1493, after the forfeiture of the MacDonalds as Lords of the Isles, the Campbell lords might well have viewed themselves as natural successors to Clan Donald in terms of leadership of the Gaels of the Hebrides and western Highlands. The Campbell lordship thus remained one of the most significant bastions of Gaelic learning and culture in late medieval and early modern Scotland. In
1664-609: The British Government forces, including men from Clan Campbell, fought and defeated the Jacobites at the Battle of Sheriffmuir in 1715. However, there were in fact a small number of Campbells who took the side of the Jacobites led by the son of Campbell of Glenlyon whose father had commanded the Government troops at the Massacre of Glencoe against the MacDonalds 22 years earlier. These two families then settled their differences and swore to be brothers in arms, fighting side by side in
1728-619: The Bruce, was rewarded with extensive lands that had been taken from Clan MacDougall, the Lords of Lorne, and other enemies of the Bruces in Argyll. The Campbells gave support to the Crown throughout the 15th century. By the end of the 15th century, the power of the Lords of the Isles (chiefs of Clan Donald ), the Crown's most powerful rivals, had been broken, and the Campbells were the main power in
1792-441: The Campbells were able to cross the river without getting their feet wet. Having failed to regain his inheritance by force, Sinclair of Keiss then turned to the law. He took his place as Earl of Caithness on 15 July 1681, and his lands were restored on 23 September. Campbell was made Earl of Breadalbane by way of compensation. In 1678, Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll led the Campbell of Argyll militia on an expedition to
1856-500: The Campbells were under the domination of the Lords of Lorne , chiefs of Clan MacDougall . The MacDougalls killed the Campbell chief Cailean Mór (Colin Campbell) in 1296. (See: Battle of Red Ford .) All subsequent chiefs of Clan Campbell have taken MacCailean Mór as their Gaelic patronymic. Between 1200 and 1500, the Campbells emerged as one of the most powerful families in Scotland, dominant in Argyll and capable of wielding
1920-598: The Clan MacDonald of Glencoe were killed in the Massacre of Glencoe when a Government initiative to suppress Jacobitism was entangled in the long running feud between Clan MacDonald and Clan Campbell. The slaughter of the MacDonalds at the hands of the soldiers, led by Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon , after enjoying their hospitality for over a week was a major affront of Scots Law and Highland tradition. The majority of soldiers were not Campbells, but
1984-424: The Clan Campbell have included amongst many others: Although mills produce many fabrics based on the Campbell tartan , the clan chief recognizes only four: George Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll added a white line to his tartan to distinguish himself as the clan chief. He was the only member of the family to do so, but the tartan has persisted as "Campbell of Argyll" which, as with any other tartan not listed above,
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2048-534: The Government: three from Clan Campbell, one from Clan Fraser of Lovat , one from Clan Munro and one from Clan Grant . These companies were known by the name Reicudan Dhu , or Black Watch . The Regiment of the Line was formed officially in 1739 as the 42nd Regiment of Foot and first mustered in 1740, at Aberfeldy. Just before 1745, the strength of the Clan Campbell had been put at a total of 5,000 men. During
2112-628: The Loch Awe MacArthur family, became the victims of their own success when jealousy of their power drove neighbours to drown them in Loch Awe during a skirmish with the Clan Campbell. In the archives of Inveraray Castle a charter dated 1567 confirms that a pardon was granted to the Campbells of Inverawe for what became known as the "drowning of Clan Arthur". It is believed that the MacArthurs trying to defend themselves were driven into
2176-522: The Lord Lyon to become the next Clan Chief of the Clan McNeill of Colonsay . The 18th and 19th centuries saw severe hardship to Clan MacNeil clansfolk. During this era there was mass clearance from Barra to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. During the chiefship of Colonel Roderick (c.1755–1822) Barra suffered its first mass clearances. Ironically the chief described himself as
2240-528: The MacNeils of Barra, died in the United States of America, being still a British citizen, leaving two sons. Paul Humphrey MacNeil, the elder son, in his father's lifetime renounced his allegiance to the British Crown and became an American citizen; in consequence of this his father in 1913 nominated his second son, Robert Lister MacNeil, the petitioner, to succeed him as Chief of the Clan, and assigned to him
2304-719: The Macleans of Duart. At the Battle of Inverlochy (1645) , the Scottish Covenanter forces led by Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll were defeated by the Royalist forces of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose whose army was mainly made up of Scots of the Clan MacDonald, Clan Maclean , and others from Ireland. After the Battle of Inverlochy, Montrose and the Macleans burnt Castle Campbell , but
2368-682: The Nine Hostages), from whom all the MacNeil chiefs claim descent. The clan claims Niall Noigíallach as its first chief, while the current chief, Rory MacNeil, is reckoned as the 47th chief. Clan Campbell Clan Campbell ( Scottish Gaelic : Na Caimbeulaich [na ˈkʰaimbəl̪ˠɪç] ) is a Highland Scottish clan , historically one of the largest and most powerful of the Highland clans. The Clan Campbell lands are in Argyll and within their lands lies Ben Cruachan . The chief of
2432-616: The Sheriffmuir. However, the British Government forces led by chief John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll defeated the Jacobites. General Wade 's report on the Highlands in 1724 estimated the strength of the clan who supported the Government under the Duke of Argyll as 4,000 men, whilst those under Campbell of Breadalbane who had supported the Jacobites in 1715, as 1000 men. In 1725, six Independent Highland Companies were formed to support
2496-585: The ancestors of the Lamonts , MacEwens of Otter , Maclachlans , and the MacSweens . While the clan is centred in Barra in the Outer Hebrides, there is a branch of the clan in Argyll (McNeill/MacNeill) that some historians have speculated was more senior in line, or possibly even unrelated. However, according to Scots law , the current chief of Clan MacNeil is the chief of all MacNeil(l)s. Despite
2560-449: The area. From this time onward, the Campbells acted as the central authority in the area; this transition of power might be the real cause of the ancient enmity between the Campbells and the MacDonalds. Descendants of Sir Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell ( Donnchadh ), and his wife Lady Marjorie Stewart are descendants of Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, and Robert II Stewart, King of Scotland. Lady Marjorie Stewart (born circa 1390)
2624-535: The arms pertaining to the Chief. Robert Lister MacNeil therefore petitioned the Lyon King to grant him the arms recorded by General Roderick MacNeil in 1824, which were borne by his (the petitioner's father), Roderick Ambrose MacNeil." Clan members who wish to show their allegiance to a particular clan and chief can wear a crest badge . Scottish crest badges usually contain the heraldic crest and heraldic motto of
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2688-461: The castle remained in Campbell hands. In the wake of the Battle of Inverlochy the Clan Lamont took the opportunity to raid the Campbell lands. The vengeful Campbells also ravaged the lands of the Clan Maclean who had fought against them at Inverlochy and in due course the Maclean's Duart Castle surrendered. In 1648, at the Battle of Stirling (1648) the Kirk Party Covenanter forces of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll were defeated by
2752-476: The castle, aided in part by funds from a British Government grant. By his death in 1970 he had completed the restoration of the castle, ancient seat of the chiefs of the clan. In 2001 the castle was leased to Historic Scotland for one thousand years at the rent of £1 per year and a bottle of Talisker whisky. In October 2004 the chief handed over 3,600 hectares, comprising almost all of his estate on Barra to Scottish Ministers . The current chief of Clan MacNeil
2816-409: The chief of Clan MacNeil, whose own nephews captured him and placed him in chains. During the Scottish Civil War of the 17th century the chief of Clan MacNeil, Neil Og, was appointed as Colonel of the Horse by Charles II of England and fought at the Battle of Worcester in 1651. His grandson was Roderick Dhu the Black who received a Crown charter for all of the lands of Barra to be erected into
2880-418: The chief of the clan. While clan members may wear the badge, the crest and motto within it are the heraldic property of the chief alone. A crest badge suitable for a clan member of Clan MacNeil contains the crest: on a chapeau gules furred ermine , a rock proper . The motto upon the badge is: buaidh no bas , which translates from Scottish Gaelic as "to conquer or die", or "victory or death"). Though not
2944-415: The chiefship passed to a cousin (descendant of Gilleonan) who had emigrated during the mass emigrations to Canada in 1802. Robert Lister MacNeil was born in 1889. An American citizen and a trained architect, he succeeded the chiefship of Clan MacNeil in 1915. In 1937 he was able to purchase Barra and the ruinous Kisimul Castle largely using the money from his second wife. Immediately he began work restoring
3008-422: The clan became Earl of Argyll and later Duke of Argyll . In traditional genealogies of Clan Campbell, the clan's origins are in the ancient Britons of Strathclyde . The earliest Campbell in written record is Gillespie , whose name is recorded in 1263. Early grants to Gillespie and his relations were almost all in east-central Scotland . The family's connection with Argyll came some generations earlier when
3072-502: The clan. Generally speaking, Caucasians with MacNeil surnames number between 40,000 and 80,000 worldwide. source: UK National Statistics Database 2002 Sizable populations also exist in Scotland, Ireland, Canada, France, Australia, and New Zealand Current chief : Roderick "Rory" Wilson MacNeil of Barra, The MacNeil of Barra, Chief of Clan Niall and 27th of Barra, Baron of Barra in the Baronage of Scotland . The chiefs of Clan MacNeil, are reckoned from Niall Noigíallach (Niall of
3136-435: The estate's heiress, Muriel Calder. In 1513, the 2nd Earl of Argyll was killed along with many of his clan at the Battle of Flodden . The Battle of Langside took place in 1568 where the chief of Clan Campbell, Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll , commanded the forces who fought for Mary, Queen of Scots . In 1567, a conflict took place between the Clan Campbell and Clan Arthur . Duncan MacArthur and his son of
3200-405: The estates on Sinclair's death in May 1676, and was created earl of Caithness in June the following year. Sinclair's heir, George Sinclair of Keiss disputed the claim and seized the land in 1678. This was followed by the Battle of Altimarlech , 13 July 1680, between the Clan Campbell and the Clan Sinclair in which the Campbells were victorious. Legend has it that so many Sinclairs were killed that
3264-410: The family and were certainly overshadowed in the 13th century by the MacSweens, Lamonts and descendants of Gilchrist. An opposing theory, proposed by Nicholas Maclean Bristol, is that there is reason to believe that they descend from Neill Maclean who appears on Exchequer Rolls at a time when Tarbert Castle was being rebuilt by Robert the Bruce . In 1252 Neil Macneil, fifth of Barra was described as
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#17327733712503328-504: The kingdom of Scotland. In 1579 the Bishop of the Isles made a complaint of molestation against the MacNeil chief of Barra. His son, the next chief, was denounced as a rebel by the Privy Council so many times that he was described as a "hereditary outlaw" and was known as the Turbulent or Ruari the Tatar . He has also been described as the last of the Viking raiders as he often raided from his Kisimul Castle . The king eventually arranged for his loyal vassals to extirpate and root out
3392-472: The lands of the chief passed to his daughter, the chiefship passed over to Torquil who was her second cousin . Bannerman considered it likely that when Torquil died, the chiefship passed to the illegitimate Neill. In 1553, this Neill sold the island to James MacDonald of Islay. Neill died without issue, and the next in line to the chiefship was another Neil, who obtained the lands of Taynish. His descendant Hector MacNeill of Taynish purchased Gigha in 1590. With
3456-415: The last of the hereditary MacNeill keepers of the castle. Skene believed that after Torquil's demise, the hereditary office passed to the MacMillans . During the time of Torquil, there are records of separate clans on Barra and Gigha. Skene did not consider Torquil to be a member of either of these clans, since both clans had chiefs of their own. A recent hypothesis make Torquil, son of Niall, living in 1440,
3520-404: The loch. Centuries later in the 1970s an ancient sword was unearthed on the shore of the loch. For two centuries from the mid-15th century the Clan Gordon and Clan Campbell controlled the north-east and west of Scotland respectively, as the magnates who straddled the divide between the Scottish Highlands and Scottish Lowlands . In 1594, Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll was granted
3584-460: The long held belief that the McNeil (MacNeil, McNeill, MacNeill) are descended from the legendary Irish king/prince - recent DNA tests have shown that they are actually descended from Vikings with often no Irish blood at all. The MacNeils of Barra claim descent from a prince of the Uí Néill dynasty, Ánrothán Ua Néill, son of Áed, son of Flaithbertach Ua Néill , King of Ailech and Cenél nEógain , who died in 1036. Anrothan emigrated to Scotland in
3648-450: The power of the Campbells growing and spreading out into the Inner Hebrides, the influence of the McNeills of Gigha decreased. At about this time the MacNeils on more remote island of Barra, far removed of Campbell power, began to grow in prominence and for a long time since have been regarded as Chief of the Clan and Name . Descending from this branch were the MacNeils of Colonsay who obtained Colonsay in 1700 and owned it until 1904 when it
3712-434: The same O'Neill who settled in Scotland in the Middle Ages. There have been several tartans associated with the name MacNeil / MacNeill . However, in 1997 the chief of Clan MacNeil directed members of the clan that there were only two tartans that he recognised as "clan tartans". These were: MacNeil of Barra and MacNeil of Colonsay . The MacNeil of Barra tartan has been the standard MacNeil of Barra tartan for over
3776-452: The same time. At the Battle of Culloden in 1746 where the Jacobites were finally defeated, involved in the fighting on the Government side were four companies from the Campbell of Argyll Militia , three companies from Loudon's Highlanders who were under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John Campbell and one company from the 43rd Highlanders who were under the command of Captain Dugald Campbell of Auchrossan. Castles that have belonged to
3840-418: The twenty-first chief, General Roderick Macneil , was forced to sell Barra in 1838. The origins of the Argyll MacNeills is also obscure. In the late 15th century, one MacNeill is recorded as the keeper of Castle Sween . In the mid 16th century, a certain Torquil MacNeill was known as the "chief and principal of the clan and surname of Maknelis". The 19th century scholar W.F. Skene considered Torquil to be
3904-495: The whole name of MacNeil by Scots law until such time as the MacNeils of Colonsay acquire a Chief of their own. The last Clan Chief of the Clan McNeill of Colonsay was Alexander Malcolm McNeill who was born in New Zealand in 1899 and Matriculated his Arms in 1972. He held the title until his death in 1988. His son John Duncan McNeill became Head of the Clan on his father's death but did not apply to matriculate his own Arms. Duncan's eldest daughter, Deborah Jane McNeill, has petitioned
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#17327733712503968-409: Was not released until the king's death in 1542, when the Regent Moray wanted to use the island chiefs to counterbalance the growing power of the Clan Campbell . His son was amongst the chiefs who supported the last Lord of the Isles in his alliance with Henry VIII of England in 1545. The treaty they signed with the English as overlords proclaimed the ancient enmity between the chiefs of the isles and
4032-425: Was sold by the heirs of Major General Sir John Carstairs McNeill . According to Moncreiffe, there is reason to believe that historically this branch was superior to the current chiefs of the Clan MacNeil. There is even a school of thought that there is no relation at all between this branch of McNeills to that of Barra. However, according to a 1962 decree by the Lord Lyon, the chiefs of MacNeil of Barra are chiefs of
4096-437: Was the daughter of King Robert II's son, Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany. This makes all descendants of Sir Duncan Campbell and Lady Marjorie Stewart descendants of Robert I Bruce and of most of the early kings of Scotland. The title of 1st Lord Campbell was created in 1445. In the second half of the 15th century, the Campbells played an increasingly prominent role in Scotland. During his reign, James I of Scotland launched
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