70-471: (Redirected from MacPhail ) McPhail or MacPhail is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: McPhail [ edit ] Addie McPhail (1905–2003), American film actress Alastair McPhail , British diplomat, the first British ambassador to South Sudan Alexander James McPhail (1883-1931), Scottish-Canadian agricultural reformer Andy McPhail , Scottish rugby league footballer who played in
140-504: A British force of this size, it was the logistical arrangements which occupied Chelmsford's thoughts. Rather than any fear that the camp might be attacked, his main concern was managing the huge number of wagons and oxen required to support his forward advance. Once he had established the camp at Isandlwana, Chelmsford sent out two battalions of the Natal Native Contingent to scout ahead. They skirmished with elements of
210-773: A United States film actor born in the 1900s is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Battle of Isandlwana Zulu victory Overall commander: Maj. Gen. Lord Chelmsford Subordinate commanders: [REDACTED] Bvt. Henry Pulleine † Overall commander: Ntshingwayo kaMahole Khoza Dabulamanzi kaMpande Subordinate commanders: Vumindaba kaNthati Mavumengwana kaNdlela No. 2 Column: British: 14 Native + Colonial: c. 511 No. 3 Column: British: 734 Native + Colonial: c. 578 Total: 1,837 men Zulu Impi : about 20,000 c. 10,000 to 15,000 engaged Reserve: The Battle of Isandlwana (alternative spelling: Isandhlwana ) on 22 January 1879
280-527: A Zulu force which he believed to be the vanguard of the main enemy army. Such was his confidence in British military training and firepower that he divided his force, departing the camp at dawn on January 22 with approximately 2,800 soldiers—including half of the British infantry contingent, together with around 600 auxiliaries—to find the main Zulu force with the intention of bringing them to battle so as to achieve
350-513: A box was empty, no other boxes were to be opened, and the quartermasters were reluctant to distribute ammunition to units other than their own. Well-equipped and well-trained British soldiers could fire 10–12 rounds a minute. The lack of ammunition caused a lull in the defence and, in subsequent engagements with the Zulus, ammunition boxes were unscrewed in advance for rapid distribution. Numerous first hand accounts, including Smith-Dorrien's earliest in
420-419: A company of the 24th, but Pulleine was reluctant to agree since his orders had been specifically to defend the camp. Chelmsford had underestimated the disciplined, well-led, well-motivated and confident Zulus. The failure to secure an effective defensive position, the poor intelligence on the location of the main Zulu army, Chelmsford's decision to split his force in half, and the Zulus' tactical exploitation of
490-451: A decisive victory, and leaving the remaining 1,300 men of the No. 3 Column to guard the camp. It never occurred to him that the Zulus he saw were diverting him from their main force. Chelmsford left behind approximately 600 British red coat line infantry – five companies, around 90 fighting men in each, of the 1st Battalion and one stronger company of around 150 men from the 2nd Battalion of
560-516: A defensive line. The rocket battery under Durnford's command, which was not mounted and dropped behind the rest of the force, was isolated and overrun very early in the engagement. The two battalions of native troops were in Durnford's line; while all their British officers and NCOs carried rifles, only one in 10 of the native soldiers under their command had a firearm, and those few weapons were muzzle-loading muskets with limited ammunition. Many of
630-586: A few miles apart to prevent a surprise attack. They were preceded by a screening force of mounted scouts supported by parties of warriors 200–400 strong tasked with preventing the main columns from being sighted. The speed of the Zulu advance compared to the British was marked. The Zulu impi had advanced over 80 km (50 mi) in five days, while Chelmsford had only advanced slightly over 16 km (9.9 mi) in 10 days. The British under Chelmsford pitched camp at Isandlwana on 20 January, but did not follow standing orders to entrench. No laager (circling of
700-676: A forward camp at Helpmekaar, past Greytown . On 9 January 1879 they moved to Rorke's Drift , and early on 11 January commenced crossing the Buffalo River into Zululand. The backbone of the British force under Lord Chelmsford consisted of twelve regular infantry companies : six each of the 1st and 2nd Battalions , the 24th Regiment of Foot (which was subsequently renamed the South Wales Borderers). These were regarded as hardened and reliable troops. In addition, there were approximately 2,500 local African auxiliaries of
770-514: A letter to his father, indicate ammunition was available and being supplied. Donald Morris in The Washing of the Spears argues that the men, fighting too far from the camp, ran out of ammunition, starting first with Durnford's men who were holding the right flank and who had been in action longer, which precipitated a slowdown in the rate of fire against the Zulus. This argument suggests that
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#1732780291922840-467: A long period". While there, she won several contests on stage. They went to Hollywood in 1925, a move that McPhail considered to be fate because she wanted to be an actress. McPhail began her work in films with Stern Brothers, a studio that produced short comedies that Universal distributed. She appeared in more than 60 films between 1927 and 1941. The physical demands of comedy gradually diminished McPhail's interest in acting, and she later said, "May I
910-607: Is clear is that the slaughter was complete in the area around the camp and back to Natal along the Fugitive's Drift. The fighting had been hand-to-hand combat and no quarter was given to the British regulars. The Zulus had been commanded to ignore the civilians in black coats and this meant that some officers, whose patrol dress was dark blue and black at the time, were spared and escaped. Once their ammunition had been expended, surviving British soldiers had no choice but to fight on with bayonet and rifle butt. A Zulu account relates
980-587: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Addie McPhail Addie McPhail (July 15, 1905 – April 14, 2003) was an American film actress. McPhail was born Addie Dukes in White Plains, Kentucky , on July 15, 1905. Her parents were Van and Cordelia Dukes, and she attended schools in Madisonville and Providence, Kentucky . Her father worked in insurance, and the family often moved. They went to Chicago in 1911 and "settled for
1050-424: Is impossible to say with certainty, at least 1,000 were killed outright in the assault..." Some 1,000 Martini-Henry rifles, the two field artillery guns, 400,000 rounds of ammunition, three colours, most of the 2,000 draft animals and 130 wagons, provisions such as tinned food, biscuits, beer, overcoats, tents and other supplies, were taken by the Zulu or left abandoned on the field. Of the survivors, most were from
1120-489: The 24th Regiment of Foot to guard the camp, under the command of Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Henry Pulleine . Pulleine's orders were to defend the camp and wait for further instructions to support the general as and when called upon. Pulleine also had around 700 men composed of the Natal Native Contingent , local mounted irregulars, and other units. He also had two artillery pieces, with around 70 men of
1190-474: The Natal Native Contingent and a rocket battery of the No. 2 Column to reinforce the camp at Isandlwana. This brought the issue of command to the fore because Durnford was senior and by tradition should have assumed command. However, he did not over-rule Pulleine's dispositions and after lunch he quickly decided to take the initiative and move forward to engage a Zulu force which Pulleine and Durnford judged to be moving against Chelmsford's rear. Durnford asked for
1260-622: The Natal Native Contingent , many of whom were exiled or refugee Zulu. They were led by European officers, but were considered generally of poor quality by the British as they were prohibited from using their traditional fighting technique and inadequately trained in the European method as well as being indifferently armed. Also, there were some irregular colonial cavalry units, and a detachment of artillery consisting of six field guns and several Congreve rockets . Adding on wagon drivers, camp followers and servants, there were around 4,700 men in
1330-505: The strategic lapses and failings in grand tactics on the part of high command under Bartle Frere and Chelmsford. Still, the latter comes under scrutiny for mistakes that may have led directly to the British defeat. The initial view, reported by Horace Smith-Dorrien , was that the British had difficulty unpacking their ammunition boxes fast enough."The box lids were screwed down, the screws were rusty and difficult to remove, there were too few screwdrivers, standing orders insisted that until
1400-844: The 1900s and 1910s David McPhail (1945–2021), New Zealand actor Donna McPhail , British comedian, TV presenter, journalist Douglas McPhail (1914–1944), American actor and singer George Wilson McPhail (1815–1871), Presbyterian minister, president of Lafayette College, and Davidson College. Hal McPhail (1912–1977), American football player Jerris McPhail (born 1972), former professional American football player Joe McPhail, American Marine Corps Fighter Pilot, Colonel WW2 John McPhail (disambiguation) Larry McPhail (born 1968), retired American soccer forward Malcolm McPhail (1895–1975), Scottish footballer Marnie McPhail (born 1966), Canadian-American actress Michael McPhail (born 1981), American Olympic rifle shooter Samuel McPhail (born 1826), American soldier, founder of
1470-621: The 2000s Billy McPhail (1928–2003), Scottish footballer Bob McPhail (1905–2000), Scottish international footballer Bob McPhail (rugby) , English rugby union, and rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s Bruce McPhail (1937–2020), New Zealand rugby player Dan McPhail (1903–1987), Scottish professional footballer Daniel H. McPhail (1813-1884) American soldier, Lt Colonel, 5th Infantry Battle of Monterey , Siege of Veracruz , Battle for Mexico City , Battle of Churubusco amongst others David McPhail (rugby league) (1886–?), New Zealand rugby league footballer who played in
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#17327802919221540-544: The 24,000 strong main Zulu impi from near present-day Ulundi, on 17 January, across the White Umfolozi River with the following command to his warriors: "March slowly, attack at dawn and eat up the red soldiers." On 18 January, some 4,000 warriors, under the leadership of Mavumengwana kaNdlela Ntuli, were detached from the main body to meet with Dabulamanzi kaMpande and attack Charles Pearson 's No. 1 Column near Eshowe . The remaining 20,000 Zulus camped at
1610-701: The 36th Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island; Member of the Order of Canada William S. MacPhail (fl. 1900s), namesake of the MacPhail Center for Music in Minneapolis, Minnesota See also [ edit ] Mount McPhail , Canada Cobden/Bruce McPhail Memorial Airport , Ontario, Canada McPhail Angus Farm McPhail Memorial Baptist Church , Ottawa, Canada Fergus McPhail , Australian children's television programme McPhail v Doulton (1970), landmark English trusts law decision by
1680-646: The Baltimore Orioles and son of the former American League president Lee MacPhail and grandson of Larry MacPhail. Angus MacPhail (1903–1962), English screenwriter known for his work with Alfred Hitchcock; credited with the creation of the term "MacGuffin" Catherine Macphail (born 1964), Scottish-born author Dan Macphail , fictitious engineer of the Vital Spark Dugald MacPhail (1818-1887) Gaelic songwriter, poet and author from Strathcoil on Mull Dugald MacPhail, One of
1750-538: The British advance to a crawl. The Zulu army, while a product of a warrior culture, was essentially a militia force which could be called out in time of national danger. It had a very limited logistical capacity and could only stay in the field a few weeks before the troops would be obliged to return to their civilian duties. Zulu warriors were armed primarily with assegai thrusting spears, known in Zulu as iklwa , knobkierrie clubs, some throwing spears and shields made of cowhide. The Zulu warrior, his regiment and
1820-452: The British and ultimately overwhelmed them, killing over 1,300 troops, including all those out on the forward firing line. The Zulu army suffered anywhere from 1,000 to 3,000 killed. The battle was a decisive victory for the Zulus and caused the defeat of the first British invasion of Zululand. The British Army had suffered its worst defeat against an indigenous foe equipped with vastly inferior military technology. Isandlwana resulted in
1890-650: The British line so far out from the camp has led Ian Knight to conclude that the British were defending too large a perimeter. The official interrogation by Horse Guards under the direction of the Duke of Cambridge , the Field Marshal Commanding in Chief, in August 1879, concluded that the primary cause of the defeat was the "under estimate formed of the offensive fighting power of the Zulu army", additionally
1960-531: The British line. The Martini–Henry rifle was a powerful weapon and the men were experienced. Additionally, the shell fire of the Royal Artillery forced some Zulu regiments to take cover behind the reverse slope of a hill. Nevertheless, the left horn of the Zulu advance was moving to outflank and envelop the British right. Durnford's men, who had been fighting the longest, began to withdraw and their rate of fire diminished. Durnford's withdrawal exposed
2030-619: The British taking a much more aggressive approach in the Anglo–Zulu War, leading to a heavily reinforced second invasion, and the destruction of King Cetshwayo 's hopes of a negotiated peace. Following the scheme by which Lord Carnarvon had brought about the Confederation of Canada through the 1867 British North America Act , it was thought that a similar plan might succeed in South Africa and in 1877 Sir Henry Bartle Frere
2100-532: The House of Lords Paul , a surname Clan MacPhail , the Sons of Paul, a Scottish Highland Clan Gordon & MacPhail whisky Southern Alberta Institute of Technology MacPhail School of Energy [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname McPhail . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding
2170-522: The No. 3 Column, and around 3,100 men in the No. 2 Column that composed the main centre column. Colonel Anthony Durnford took charge of No. 2 Column with orders to stay on the defensive near the Middle Drift of the Tugela River . Because of the urgency required to accomplish their scheme, Bartle Frere and Chelmsford began the invasion during the rainy season. This had the consequence of slowing
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2240-700: The Royal Artillery. In total, over 1,300 men and two artillery guns of the No. 3 Column were left to defend the camp excluding civilian auxiliaries. Pulleine, left in command of a rear position, was an administrator with no experience of front-line command on a campaign. Nevertheless, he commanded a strong force, particularly the six veteran regular infantry companies, which were experienced in colonial warfare. The mounted vedettes, cavalry scouts, patrolling some 11 km (6.8 mi) from camp reported at 7:00 am that groups of Zulus, numbering around 4,000 men, could be seen. Pulleine received further reports during
2310-461: The Zulu and executed. There was no casualty count of the Zulu losses by the British such as made in many of the other battles since they abandoned the field. Nor was there any count by the Zulu. Modern historians have rejected and reduced the older unfounded estimates. Historians Lock and Quantrill estimate the Zulu casualties as "... perhaps between 1,500 and 2,000 dead. Historian Ian Knight stated: "Zulu casualties were almost as heavy. Although it
2380-440: The ammunition was too far from the firing line and that the seventy rounds each man took to the firing line were not sufficient. A different view, supported with evidence from the battlefield, such as Ian Knight and Lt. Colonel Snook's works, (the latter having written How Can Man Die Better? ), suggests that, although Durnford's men probably did run out of ammunition, the majority of men in the firing line did not. The discovery of
2450-415: The area of the spurs of Nqutu hill. Having been discovered, the Zulu force leapt to the offensive. Raw's men began a fighting retreat back to the camp, and a messenger was sent to warn Pulleine. The Zulu adopted their traditional pitched battle formation, known as the 'horns and chest of the buffalo', with the aim of encircling the British position. From Pulleine's vantage point in the camp, at first only
2520-536: The arms of a coward, as they said, for they enable the poltroon to kill the brave without awaiting his attack." The British had timed the invasion to coincide with the harvest, intending to catch the Zulu warrior-farmers dispersed. Fortunately for Cetshwayo, the Zulu army had already begun to assemble at Ulundi, as it did every year for the First Fruits ceremony when all warriors were duty-bound to report to their regimental barracks near Ulundi. Cetshwayo sent
2590-462: The army drilled in the personal and tactical use and coordination of this weapons system. Some Zulus also had old muskets and antiquated rifles stockpiled, a relatively few of which were carried by Zulu impi . However, their marksmanship was very poor, quality and supply of powder and shot dreadful, maintenance non-existent and attitude towards firearms summed up in the observation that: "The generality of Zulu warriors, however, would not have firearms –
2660-733: The auxiliaries. The two field artillery guns which were taken to Ulundi as trophies, were later found abandoned by a British patrol after the Battle of Ulundi. The following order of battle was arrayed on the day. Commanding Officer: Brevet Colonel Anthony Durnford, RE Commanding Officer: Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Pulleine, 1st/24th Foot uDududu, uNokenke regiments, part uNodwengu corps – 3,000 to 4,000 men umCijo, uKhandampevu, regiments; part uNodwengu corps – 7,000 to 9,000 men inGobamakhosi, uMbonambi, uVe regiments – 5,000 to 6,000 men Undi corps, uDloko, iNdluyengwe, Indlondlo and Uthulwana regiments – 4,000 to 5,000 men The Zulus avoided
2730-626: The defence. The Zulus had outmanoeuvred Chelmsford and their victory at Isandlwana was complete and forced the main British force to retreat out of Zululand until a far larger British Army could be shipped to South Africa for a second invasion. Recent historians, notably Lock and Quantrill in Zulu Victory , argue that from the Zulu perspective the theatre of operations included the diversions around Magogo Hills and Mangeni Falls and that these diversions, which drew more than half of Chelmsford's forces away from Isandlwana, were deliberate. Also,
2800-564: The dispersal of their main fighting force and concealed the advance and location of this force until they were within a few hours' striking distance of the British. When the location of the main Zulu Impi was discovered by British scouts, the Zulus immediately advanced and attacked, achieving tactical surprise. The British, although they now had some warning of a Zulu advance, were unable to concentrate their central column. It also left little time and gave scant information for Pulleine to organise
2870-436: The early morning, each of which noted movements, both large and small, of Zulus. There was speculation among the officers whether these troops were intending to march against Chelmsford's rear or towards the camp itself. Around 10:30 am, Colonel Anthony Durnford , whose left arm was paralyzed from wounds sustained at Bushman's River Pass during the pursuit of Chief Langalibalele , arrived from Rorke's Drift with 500 men of
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2940-411: The final stage of the battle at about 3:00 pm: In a few seconds we distinctly saw the guns fired again, one after the other, sharp. This was done several times – a pause, and then a flash – flash! The sun was shining on the camp at the time, and then the camp looked dark, just as if a shadow was passing over it. The guns did not fire after that, and in a few minutes all the tents had disappeared. Nearly
3010-463: The idea of officers escaping on horseback when their men on foot are being killed." Of the 1,800-plus force of British troops and African auxiliaries, over 1,300 were killed, most of them Europeans, including field commanders Pulleine and Durnford. Only five Imperial officers survived (including Lieutenants Henry Curling and Horace Smith-Dorrien ), and the 52 officers lost was the most lost by any British battalion up to that time. Amongst those killed
3080-476: The intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum to the Zulu king Cetshwayo on 11 December 1878 with which the Zulu king could not possibly comply. When the ultimatum expired a month later, Bartle Frere ordered Lord Chelmsford to proceed with an invasion of Zululand, for which plans had already been made. Lord Chelmsford , the Commander-in-Chief of British forces during
3150-476: The intention of attacking the British Army on 23 January. Pulleine had received reports of large forces of Zulus throughout the morning of 22 January from 8:00am on. Vedettes had observed Zulus on the hills to the left front, and Lt. Chard, while he was at the camp, observed a large force of several thousand Zulu moving to the British left around the hill of Isandlwana. Pulleine sent word to Chelmsford, which
3220-442: The investigation questions Chelmsford as to why the camp was not laagered and why there was a failure to reconnoitre and discover the nearby Zulu army. Colenso calls Chelmsford's neglecting to follow his own "Regulations for Field Forces in South Africa", which required that a defensible camp be established at every halt, fatal. Numerous messages, some quite early in the day, had been sent to Chelmsford informing him, initially, of
3290-569: The isiPhezi ikhanda. The next day, the main force arrived and camped near Babanango Mountain , then moved the next day to a camp near Siphezi Mountain. Finally, on 21 January they moved into the Ngwebeni Valley, where they remained concealed, planning to attack the British on 23 January, but they were discovered by a scouting party on 22 January. Under the command of Ntshigwayo kaMahole the Zulu army had reached its position in easy stages. It marched in two columns within sight of each other, but
3360-1394: The last survivors of the Battle of Isandlwana in 1879 when serving as part of the Buffalo Border Guard. Iain Macphail, Lord Macphail (1938–2009) Scottish lawyer, Senator of the College of Justice, Judge of the Supreme Court John MacPhail (born 1955), former Scottish footballer Joy MacPhail (born 1952), former Canadian New Democratic Party of British Columbia politician Katherine Stewart MacPhail (1887-1974), Scottish Surgeon Lachlan MacPhail of Tiree (1889-1961), Scottish Merchant Navy Captain and renowned piper Larry MacPhail (1890–1975), American executive and innovator in Major League Baseball Lee MacPhail (1917–2012), former administrator in Major League Baseball Malcolm MacPhail, World War One books Mark MacPhail (died 1989), police officer and murder victim Robert Lloyd George MacPhail (1920–1995), Canadian politician and
3430-466: The main Zulu force was not unexpectedly discovered in their encampment but was fully deployed and ready to advance on the British camp. These historians' view of the expanded battlefield considers Chelmsford to have been the overall commander of the British forces and that responsibility for the defeat lies firmly with him. Debate persists as to how and why the British lost the battle. Many arguments focus on possible local tactical occurrences, as opposed to
3500-427: The native troops began to leave the battlefield at this point. Pulleine only made one change to the original disposition after about 20 minutes of firing, bringing in the companies in the firing line slightly closer to the camp. For an hour or so until after noon, the disciplined British volleys pinned down the Zulu centre, inflicting many casualties and causing the advance to stall. Indeed, morale remained high within
3570-403: The natives whose poorly equipped armies would put up a fight but in the end would succumb. Chelmsford believed that a force of over 4,000, including 2,000 British infantry armed with Martini–Henry rifles , as well as artillery, had more than sufficient firepower to overwhelm any attack by Zulus armed only with spears, cowhide shields and a few firearms such as Brown Bess muskets . Indeed, with
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#17327802919223640-600: The person's given name (s) to the link. References [ edit ] ^ "Dugald MacPhail from the Gazetteer for Scotland" . ^ https://www.1879zuluwar.com/t3216-dugald-macphail-survivor-of-the-battle-of-isandlwana ^ https://www.sait.ca/sait-schools/macphail-school-of-energy Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McPhail&oldid=1240092487#MacPhail " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
3710-409: The presence of the Zulu near the camp and, subsequently, of the attack on the camp, with increasingly urgent pleas for help. The most egregious failure to respond occurred at around 1:30 pm when a message from Hamilton-Browne stating, "For God's sake come back, the camp is surrounded, and things I fear are going badly", was received by Lieutenant-Colonel Harness of the Royal Artillery and Major Black of
3780-613: The resistance was more protracted than originally thought, and a number of desperate last stands were made. Evidence shows that many of the bodies, today marked by cairns , were found in several large groups around the camp – including one stand of around 150 men. A Zulu account describes a group of the 24th forming a square on the neck of Isandlwana. Colonial cavalry, the NMP and the carabiniers, who could easily have fled as they had horses, died around Durnford in his last stand, while nearby their horses were found dead on their picket rope. What
3850-474: The right flank of the British regulars, which, with the general threat of the Zulu encirclement, caused Pulleine to order a withdrawal back to the camp. The regulars' retreat was performed with order and discipline and the men of the 24th conducted a fighting withdrawal into the camp. Durnford's retreat, however, exposed the flank of G Company, 2nd/24th, which was overrun relatively quickly. An officer in advance of Chelmsford's force gave this eyewitness account of
3920-416: The right horn and then the chest (centre) of the attack seemed to be developing. Pulleine sent out first one, then all six companies of the 24th Foot into an extended firing line, with the aim of meeting the Zulu attack head-on and checking it with firepower. Durnford's men, upon meeting elements of the Zulu centre, had retreated to a donga , a dried-out watercourse, on the British right flank where they formed
3990-497: The river, and received posthumous Victoria Crosses in 1907 as the legend of their gallantry grew, and, after twenty-seven years of steady campaigning by the late Mrs. Melvill (who had died in 1906), on the strength of Queen Victoria being quoted as saying that 'if they had survived they would have been awarded the Victoria Cross'. Garnet Wolseley , who replaced Chelmsford, felt otherwise at the time and stated, "I don't like
4060-463: The same moment is described in a Zulu warrior's account. The sun turned black in the middle of the battle; we could still see it over us, or should have thought we had been fighting till evening. Then we got into the camp, and there was a great deal of smoke and firing. Afterwards the sun came out bright again. The local time of the solar eclipse on that day is calculated as 2:30 pm. The presence of large numbers of bodies grouped together suggests
4130-530: The single-handed fight by the guard of Chelmsford's tent, a big Irishman of the 24th who kept the Zulus back with his bayonet until he was speared and the general's Union flag captured. Both the colours of the 2nd 24th were lost, while the Queen's colour of the 1st 24th was carried off the field by Lieutenant Melvill on horseback but lost when he crossed the river, despite Lieutenant Coghill having come to his aid. Both Melvill and Coghill were killed after crossing
4200-479: The terrain and the weaknesses in the British formation, all combined to prove catastrophic for the troops at Isandlwana. In contrast, the Zulus responded to the unexpected discovery of their camp with an immediate and spontaneous advance. Even though the indunas lost control over the advance, the warriors' training allowed the Zulu troops to form their standard attack formation on the run, with their battle line deployed in reverse of its intended order. The Zulu Army
4270-597: The towns Caledonia and Redwood Falls Sharon McPhail (born 1948), American lawyer and politician Stephen McPhail (born 1979), Republic of Ireland international footballer MacPhail [ edit ] Agnes Macphail (1890–1954), Canadian feminist and first woman to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons. Alesha MacPhail , murder victim Andrew Macphail (1864–1938), Canadian physician, author, professor of medicine and soldier. Andy MacPhail (born 1953), president of baseball operations for
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#17327802919224340-407: The traditional assegai iron spears and cow-hide shields, but also had a number of muskets and antiquated rifles . The British and colonial troops were armed with the modern Martini–Henry breechloading rifle and two 7-pounder mountain guns deployed as field guns, as well as a Hale rocket battery. The Zulus had a vast disadvantage in weapons technology, but they greatly outnumbered
4410-579: The wagons) was formed. Chelmsford did not see the need for one, stating, "It would take a week to make." But the chief reason for the failure to take defensive precautions appears to have been that the British command severely underestimated the Zulus' capabilities. The experience of numerous colonial wars fought in Africa was that the massed firepower of relatively small bodies of professional European troops, armed with modern firearms and artillery and supplemented by local allies and levies, would march out to meet
4480-676: The war, initially planned a five-pronged invasion of Zululand consisting of over 16,500 troops in five columns and designed to encircle the Zulu army and force it to fight as he was concerned that the Zulus would avoid battle, slip around the British and over the Tugela, and strike at Natal. Lord Chelmsford settled on three invading columns with the main centre column, now consisting of some 7,800 men, under his direct command. The centre column comprised No. 3 Column, commanded by Colonel Richard Thomas Glyn , and Colonel Anthony Durnford 's No. 2 Column. Chelmsford moved his troops from Pietermaritzburg to
4550-426: Was Surgeon Major Peter Shepherd , a first-aid pioneer. The Natal Native Contingent lost some 400 men, and there were 240 lost from the group of 249 amaChunu African auxiliaries. Perhaps the last to die was Gabangaye, the portly chief of the amaChunu Natal Native Contingent, who was given over to be killed by the udibi (porter or carrier) boys. The captured Natal Native Contingent soldiers were regarded as traitors by
4620-594: Was appointed as High Commissioner for Southern Africa to instigate the scheme. Some of the obstacles to such a plan were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand , both of which the British Empire would attempt to overcome by force of arms. Bartle Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with
4690-458: Was commanded by Umtwana (Prince) Ntshingwayo kaMahole Khoza and Umtwana Mavumengwana kaNdlela Ntuli. The inDuna Dabulamanzi kaMpande , half brother of Cetshwayo, commanded the Undi Corps after Zibhebhu kaMaphitha , the regular inkhosi , or commander, was wounded. While Chelmsford was in the field seeking them, the entire Zulu army had outmanoeuvred him, moving behind his force with
4760-754: Was never the actress I wanted to be." Her film career ended with Northwest Passage (1940). McPhail's first husband was Lindsay McPhail, a pianist and songwriter with whom she had a daughter. She was the third and last wife of Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle . After she retired from acting, she served for 17 years as a volunteer nurse at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills , California. McPhail died of undisclosed causes in Canoga Park, Los Angeles , California, on April 14, 2003. This article about
4830-480: Was received by the general between 9:00 am and 10:00 am. The main Zulu force was discovered at around 11:00 am by men of Lt. Charles Raw's troop of scouts, who chased a number of Zulus into a valley, only then seeing most of the 20,000 men of the main enemy force sitting in total quiet. This valley has generally been thought to be the Ngwebeni some 7 miles (11 km) from the British camp but may have been closer in
4900-649: Was the first major encounter in the Anglo-Zulu War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom . Eleven days after the British invaded Zululand in Southern Africa , a Zulu force of some 20,000 warriors attacked a portion of the British main column consisting of approximately 1,800 British, colonial and native troops with approximately 350 civilians. The Zulus were equipped mainly with
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