Kapampangan , Capampáñgan , or Pampangan is an Austronesian language , and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines . It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac , on the southern part of Luzon 's central plains geographic region, where the Kapampangan ethnic group resides. Kapampangan is also spoken in northeastern Bataan , as well as in the provinces of Bulacan , Nueva Ecija , and Zambales that border Pampanga. It is further spoken as a second language by a few Aeta groups in the southern part of Central Luzon. The language is known honorifically as Amánung Sísuan ('breastfed, or nurtured, language').
35-516: Macabebe , officially the Municipality of Macabebe ( Kapampangan : Balen ning Macabebe ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Macabebe ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pampanga , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 78,151 people. It is one of the three coastal towns in Pampanga along with Sasmuan and Lubao . The town was named Macabebe because it
70-420: A certain order after verbs (or particles, such as negation words). The enclitic pronoun is always followed by another pronoun (or discourse marker : Pronouns also combine to form a portmanteau pronoun: Portmanteau pronouns are not usually used in questions and with the word naman : In the following chart, blank entries denote combinations which are deemed impossible. Column headings denote pronouns in
105-463: A demonstrative pronoun and its existential form (for the nearest addressee) are exceptions. The plural of iyan is den/ren ; the plural of niyan is daren ; the plural of kanyan is karen , and the plural of oian is oren . The existential form of ian is ken . Kapampangan verbs are morphologically complex, and take a variety of affixes reflecting focus, aspect and mode. The language has Austronesian alignment , and
140-544: A significant Kapampangan-speaking minority also exists in Cagayan de Oro , Davao City and South Cotabato , specifically in General Santos and the municipalities of Polomolok and Tupi . According to the 2000 Philippine census, 2,312,870 people (out of the total population of 76,332,470) spoke Kapampangan as their native language. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the eighth leading language spoken at home in
175-632: Is also home to San Gabriel Chapel. This newly erected chapel is a replacement of the old chapel that has been devastated by the flooding after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. It was then formally constructed in 2002 and came into completion and inaugurated in May 2010. Another important church in the town is the Presentation of the Lord Parish in barangay Batasan. The chapel has been built over a century ago and
210-502: Is geographically situated along the shores ( Pampangan : bebe ; Tagalog : baybay ) or banks of Río Grande de Pampanga. The town is sometimes referred to as Makabibe because of the abundance of corals and shells along the Río Grande in earlier times. The English translation of Macabebe, meaning: 'surrounded by rivers' describes the historical heritage of the ancient town. The residents of Macabebe had played conflicting roles in
245-585: Is politically subdivided into 25 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of Macabebe, Pampanga, was 78,151 people, with a density of 740 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,900 inhabitants per square mile. Roman Catholicism is the town inhabitants' main religion. The town's population is composed of the following: Catholics 82%, Members Church of God International 5%, Iglesia ni Cristo 8%, Evangelicals 2%, others 3%. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando has jurisdiction over
280-663: Is preserved in some western dialects. Proto-Philippine *tanəm is tanam ('to plant') in Kapampangan, compared with Tagalog tanim , Cebuano tanom and Ilocano tanem ('grave'). Proto-Philippine *R merged with /j/ . The Kapampangan word for 'new' is bayu ; it is bago in Tagalog, baro in Ilocano, and baru in Indonesian. Kapampangan is a VSO or Verb-Subject-Object language. However,
315-477: Is what we do'). Ini is always concrete: ining libru ('this book'), ini ing asu nang Juan ('this is Juan's dog'). In their locative forms, keni is used when the person spoken to is not near the subject spoken of; keti is used when the person spoken to is near the subject spoken of. Two people in the same country will refer to their country as keti , but will refer to their respective towns as keni ; both mean 'here'. The plural forms of
350-546: The Bolinao language spoken in the towns of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan . These languages share the same reflex /j/ of the proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R. Kapampangan mistakenly sounds like a distant Tagalog dialect at first sight to the unfamiliar, but both languages are distantly related, as Tagalog is a Central Philippine language . Kapampangan is derived from the root word pampáng ('riverbank'). The language
385-476: The San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church . It was founded in 1575 under the advocation of San Nicolas de Tolentino. The heritage church measures 70 metres (230 ft) long, 17 metres (56 ft) wide and 11 metres (36 ft) high. The facade of the church has scant ornamentation and its architectural symmetry is lost amid the various forms assumed windows, and the main entrance. Simple neo-classic lines of
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#1732772454158420-459: The grammatical antecedent , is present. The pronouns ya and la have special forms when they are used in conjunction with the words ati ('there is/are') and ala ('there is/are not'). Both ati yu and ati ya are correct. The plural form ('they are') is atilu and atila . Both ala la and ala lu are correct in the plural form. The singular forms are ala ya and ala yu . Kapampangan pronouns follow
455-625: The Dutch invaders tried to colonize the Philippines. They fought together with the Spaniards to protect the islands from its invaders, and in return only the Kapampangan were allowed to study in prominent exclusive schools and universities run by the Spaniards. In 1901, American General Frederick Funston and his troops captured Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela , with
490-607: The Philippines with only 639,687 households still speaking the language. Standard Kapampangan has 21 phonemes : 15 consonants and five vowels ; some western dialects have six vowels. Syllabic structure is relatively simple; each syllable contains at least one consonant and a vowel. Standard Kapampangan has five vowel phonemes: There are four main diphthongs : /aɪ/ , /oɪ/ , /aʊ/ , and /iʊ/ . In most dialects (including standard Kapampangan), /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ are reduced to /ɛ/ and /o/ respectively. Monophthongs have allophones in unstressed and syllable-final positions: In
525-477: The Philippines, Macabebe is governed by a mayor and vice mayor who are elected for three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the town's departments in executing the ordinances and improving public services. The vice mayor heads a legislative council ( Sangguniang Bayan ) consisting of councilors from the barangays of barrios. The District Office of the Congressional representative stands near
560-473: The absolutive case, and the row headings denote the ergative case . Kapampangan's demonstrative pronouns differ from other Philippine languages by having separate forms for singular and plural. The demonstrative pronouns ini and iti (and their respective forms) both mean 'this', but each has distinct uses. Iti usually refers to something abstract, but may also refer to concrete nouns: iting musika ('this music'), iti ing gagawan mi ('this
595-594: The actor of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. Ergative or genitive markers mark the object (usually indefinite) of an intransitive verb and the actor of a transitive one. It also marks possession. Oblique markers, similar to prepositions in English, mark (for example) location and direction. Noun markers are divided into two classes: names of people (personal) and everything else (common). Examples: Kapampangan pronouns are categorized by case: absolutive, ergative, and oblique. Genitive pronouns follow
630-462: The chart of Kapampangan consonants, all stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions, including the beginning of a word. Unlike other languages of the Philippines but similar to Ilocano , Kapampangan uses /h/ only in words of foreign origin. Stress is phonemic in Kapampangan. Primary stress occurs on the last or the next-to-last syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress, except when stress occurs at
665-403: The end of a word. Stress shift can occur, shifting to the right or left to differentiate between nominal or verbal use (as in the following examples): Stress shift can also occur when one word is derived from another through affixation; again, stress can shift to the right or the left: In Kapampangan, the proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə merged to /a/ in most dialects of Kapampangan; it
700-531: The ergative-case ning ; non-subject patients are marked with the accusative-case -ng , which is cliticized onto the preceding word. DIR:direct case morpheme S‹um›ulat ‹ AT ›will.write yang ya =ng 3SG . DIR = ACC poesia poem ing DIR Kapampangan cuisine Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include
735-544: The facade. In the 1600s, San Nicolas cookie or 'Pan de San Nicolas', an iconic Kapampangan cuisine delicacy with healing powers evolved from the town. It is baked in honor of "Apung Kulas", the patron saint of bakers and the town. The Blessed Virgin Mary healed his illness with a piece of bread. The shortbread is made of butter , egg yolk, flour and coconut milk poured in Nicolas wooden molds then baked. Macabebe
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#1732772454158770-740: The help of some Kapampangans (later called the Macabebe Scouts after their home locale) who had joined the Americans' side. The Americans pretended to be captives of the Macabebes, who were dressed in Philippine Army uniforms. Once Funston and his "captors" entered Aguinaldo's camp, they immediately apprehended Aguinaldo and his men. During World War II, Japanese fighter and bomber planes attacked Macabebe in December 1941. Macabebe
805-521: The history of the Philippines. They fought against the Spanish in 1571, during which Tarik Soliman (Bambalito) became the first recorded Kapampangan to fight against Spanish rule. They also defended the last Spanish garrison against revolutionaries in 1898. The services of the Macabebes led to the naming of a street in the Spanish capital Madrid in their honor, "Calle de Voluntarios Macabebes." The residents of Macabebe were also allies of imperial Spain when
840-496: The province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac ( Bamban , Capas , Concepcion , San Jose , Gerona , La Paz , Victoria and Tarlac City ). It is also spoken in border communities of the provinces of Bataan ( Dinalupihan , Hermosa and Orani ), Bulacan ( Baliuag , San Miguel , San Ildefonso , Hagonoy , Plaridel , Pulilan and Calumpit ), Nueva Ecija ( Cabiao , San Antonio , San Isidro , Gapan and Cabanatuan ) and Zambales ( Olongapo City and Subic ). In Mindanao,
875-574: The rainy season. After the completion of its renovation, it was inaugurated in April 2005, and blessed by Archbishop Paciano Aniceto, DD. The place where the church is erected was called "baliti". The name was attributed to the fact that prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in Macabebe, at that exact place, it was believed that a big balete tree was planted. Poverty incidence of Macabebe Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Like other towns in
910-813: The same time', Mikakapapagsisiluguranan , 'everyone loves each other', Makapagkapampangan , 'can speak Kapampangan', and Mengapangaibuganan , 'until to fall in love'. Long words frequently occur in normal Kapampangan. Kapampangan nouns are not inflected , but are usually preceded by case markers . There are three types of case markers: absolutive ( nominative ), ergative ( genitive ), and oblique . Unlike English and Spanish (which are nominative–accusative languages ) and Inuit and Basque (which are ergative–absolutive languages ), Kapampangan has Austronesian alignment (in common with most Philippine languages). Austronesian alignment may work with nominative (and absolutive) or ergative (and absolutive) markers and pronouns. Absolutive or nominative markers mark
945-423: The town centre. The town is rich in history and treasures. Its town hall and churches reveal the wealth of the town's heritage. The town's fiesta is held annually on the 10th of September in honor of San Nicolas de Tolentino , the town's patron saint. The town provides medical missions and free medical operations, including fully functional health facilities serves in every barangay . There are few hospitals in
980-803: The town. The town's health care needs is provided by the Mayor Domingo B. Flores Memorial District Hospital located in Barangay Batasan. Kapampangan language Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. Kapampangan is one of the Central Luzon languages of the Austronesian language family . Its closest relatives are the Sambalic languages of Zambales province and
1015-401: The verbs change according to triggers in the sentence (better known as voices). Kapampangan has five voices: agent, patient, goal, locative, and cirumstantial. The circumstantial voice prefix is used for instrument and benefactee subjects. The direct case morphemes in Kapampangan are ing (which marks singular subjects) and reng , for plural subjects. Non-subject agents are marked with
1050-811: The word order can be very flexible and change to VOS ( Verb-Object-Subject ) and SVO ( Subject-Verb-Object ). Just like other Austronesian languages, Kapampangan is also an agglutinative language where new words are formed by adding affixes onto a root word (affixation) and the repetition of words, or portions of words (reduplication), (for example: anak ('child') to ának-ának ('children')). Root words are frequently derived from other words by means of prefixes, infixes, suffixes and circumfixes. (For example: kan ('food') to kanan ('to eat') to ' kakanan ('eating') to kakananan ('being eaten')). Kapampangan can form long words through extensive use of affixes, for example: Mikakapapagbabalabalangingiananangananan , 'a group of people having their noses bleed at
1085-401: The word they modify. Oblique pronouns can replace the genitive pronoun, but precede the word they modify. The dual pronoun ikata and the inclusive pronoun ikatamu refer to the first and second person. The exclusive pronoun ikamí refers to the first and third persons. Kapampangan differs from many Philippine languages in requiring the pronoun even if the noun it represents, or
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1120-494: Was elevated to a parish church in 1995. Its first "cura parroco" was Father Gabriel Torres. One of the most visited churches in Macabebe is the Sta Maria Chapel, the home of the barangay's Queen and Patroness (NUESTRA SENIORA DELA PAZ). The chapel is under the jurisdiction of San Rafael Archangel Parish Church. The newly erected chapel is a replacement of the old chapel because the old one has always been flooded during
1155-660: Was historically spoken in the Kingdom of Tondo , ruled by the Lakans . A number of Kapampangan dictionaries and grammar books were written during the Spanish colonial period . Diego Bergaño [ pam ] wrote two 18th-century books about the language: Arte de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1729) and Vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1732). Kapampangan produced two 19th-century literary giants; Anselmo Fajardo [ pam ; tl ]
1190-415: Was noted for Gonzalo de Córdova and Comedia Heróica de la Conquista de Granada , and playwright Juan Crisóstomo Soto [ pam ; tl ; nl ] wrote Alang Dios in 1901. "Crissotan" was written by Amado Yuzon , Soto's 1950s contemporary and Nobel Prize nominee for peace and literature, to immortalize his contribution to Kapampangan literature. Kapampangan is predominantly spoken in
1225-540: Was subsequently occupied by the Japanese Imperial Army in 1942. Macabebe is located in the southern part of Pampanga. It is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Minalin , Guagua and Apalit ; to the east by the municipalities of Calumpit and Hagonoy in Bulacan ; to the west by the municipality of Sasmuan ; and to the south by the municipality of Masantol and Pampanga Bay . Macabebe
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