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57-482: It is the birthplace of Andrés Manuel López Obrador , the current Mexican President. The etymology of Macuspana's name is uncertain. The Enciclopedia de los municipios de México offers three possible explanations: [1] The geographical vicinity is also known as the Macuspana Basin. 17°46′N 92°36′W  /  17.767°N 92.600°W  / 17.767; -92.600 This article about

114-420: A Christian , in the broadest sense of the word, because Christ is love and justice is love." López Obrador has held a variety of nicknames throughout his life, including El Molido , El Americano (The American), La Piedra (The Rock), El Comandante (The Commander), and the most popular among them is El Peje , named after the common Tabasco fish, the pejelagarto . A baseball fan, his favorite sportsteam

171-456: A left-wing populist , social democratic , and an economic nationalist , López Obrador has been a national politician for over three decades. During his presidency , he has promoted public investment in sectors that had been liberalized under previous administrations and has implemented several progressive social reforms. Supporters have praised him for promoting institutional renewal after decades of high inequality and corruption and refocusing

228-649: A blockade of 12 kilometers of Paseo de la Reforma , one of the city's most important roads, which houses several hotels, corporate headquarters, and the Mexico City Stock Market . Business groups said the blockades cost Mexico City businesses in the area millions of pesos in losses. On 5 August, the TEPJF met in a public session to decide the outcome of the complaints the PRD and its coalition partners had filed. The seven magistrates voted unanimously to order

285-699: A degree in political science and public administration after the presentation of his thesis, Proceso de formación del Estado Nacional en México 1821-1867 (Formation Process of the National State in Mexico 1821–1867). He lived in the Casa del Estudiante Tabasco during his college years on Violeta Street in the Guerrero neighborhood of Mexico City. The institution was financed by the administration of Tabasco governor Mario Trujillo García through efforts of

342-508: A gunshot to the head. According to Jorge Zepeda Patterson's  [ es ] Los Suspirantes 2018 , José Ramón found a pistol, played with it, and it slipped out of his hands, firing a bullet into his head. The Tabasco newspapers Rumbo Nuevo , Diario de Tabasco , and Diario Presente presented a story where they were both playing around with the pistol and that Andrés Manuel fired it by accident. According to Zepeda Patterson, Andrés Manuel became "taciturn, much more thoughtful" following

399-432: A joint venture with billionaire businessman Carlos Slim Helú , a native of downtown Mexico City, to expropriate , restore, rebuild, and gentrify large parts of the area, creating shopping and residential areas for middle- and upper-income residents. López Obrador used fiscal policy to encourage private sector investment in housing. He granted construction firms tax breaks and liberalized zoning regulations, leading to

456-643: A location in the Mexican state of Tabasco is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Andr%C3%A9s Manuel L%C3%B3pez Obrador [REDACTED] Andrés Manuel López Obrador ( Spanish: [anˈdɾes maˈnwel ˈlopes oβɾaˈðoɾ] ; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO , is a Mexican politician who served as the 65th president of Mexico from 2018 to 2024. He previously served as Head of Government of Mexico City from 2000 to 2005. Born in Tepetitán , in

513-616: A manual recount of Sunday's extremely close vote." However, on 5 September 2006, the Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) ruled that the election was fair and that Calderón was the winner and would become president. In contesting the election, López Obrador and his coalition made several arguments: (a) that President Fox, the Consejo Coordinador Empresarial (CCE), a business interest group, and other organizations had illegally interfered in

570-576: A popular figure on the Mexican left. In 2004, his state immunity from prosecution was removed after he refused to cease construction on land allegedly expropriated by his predecessor, Rosario Robles . This legal process lasted a year, ending with López Obrador maintaining his right to run for office. López Obrador was nominated as the presidential candidate for the Coalition for the Good of All during

627-484: A recount of 11,839 ballot boxes in 155 districts (9.2% of the total) despite López Obrador's public demand for a total recount. The TEPJF based its decision for a partial recount on its finding that, despite publicly demanding a vote-by-vote general recount, López Obrador's party filed legal challenges for 71,000 polling stations (54%). Therefore, by law, the TEPJF found it could order a recount of only those 71,000 polling stations contested. The TEPJF ruled it could not order

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684-564: A recount of the votes not in controversy because "the certainty asked by the [López Obrador] Coalition is tied to the respect for the tallies certified by the citizens in the polling stations, not in controversy." Juntos Haremos Historia Juntos Haremos Historia ( transl.  Together We Will Make History ) was a Mexican political coalition encompassing the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), Labor Party (PT), and Social Encounter Party (PES),

741-450: A timely rescue effort. López Obrador's secretary of government, Alejandro Encinas , was criticized for declaring that the lynching should be understood as stemming from indigenous customary law ( usos y costumbres ). After a thorough investigation, López Obrador gave Ebrard a vote of confidence, despite a request from President Vicente Fox Quesada for him to be relieved of duty. Later, using his constitutional powers, Fox fired Ebrard. At

798-583: Is the St. Louis Cardinals . López Obrador was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2019 . On 24 January 2021, he announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19 . He joined the PRI in 1976 to support Carlos Pellicer 's campaign for a Senate seat for Tabasco. A year later, he headed the Indigenous People's Institute of Tabasco. In 1984, he relocated to Mexico City to work at

855-564: The 2006 elections , where he was narrowly defeated by the National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón . While the Federal Electoral Tribunal noted some irregularities, it denied López Obrador's request for a general recount, which sparked protests nationwide. In 2011, he founded Morena , a civil association and later political party. He was a candidate for the Progressive Movement coalition in

912-583: The 2012 elections , won by the Commitment to Mexico coalition candidate Enrique Peña Nieto . In 2012, he left the PRD after protesting the party's signing of the Pact for Mexico and joined Morena. As part of the Juntos Haremos Historia coalition, López Obrador was elected president after a landslide victory in the 2018 general election . Described as being center-left , progressive ,

969-678: The Attorney General 's Office asked Congress to strip López Obrador of his immunity under charges of a misdemeanor (ignoring a court order). The misdemeanor against López Obrador was his refusal to order the cessation of the construction of a private hospital on land expropriated by Rosario Robles (who preceded López Obrador as Head of Government of the Federal District under the Ernesto Zedillo government). Under federal law, any person with criminal charges during

1026-653: The Curitiba model, was built down Avenida Insurgentes , cutting through the city some 20 km from north to south. López Obrador's popularity diminished after the lynching of two federal law-enforcement officers performing an undercover investigation in Tláhuac in November 2004. The Mexico City Police rescued one agent, but the city's chief of police, Marcelo Ebrard , and federal Secretary of Public Safety , Ramón Martín Huerta , were both accused of not organizing

1083-498: The Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) published its final tally, which had him down by a margin of 0.58%, or approximately 243,000 votes. López Obrador then initiated legal actions, claiming election irregularities in 54% of polling stations, and demanded a "vote by vote" recount in all polling stations. The Federal Electoral Tribunal (TEPJF) discussed the case and eventually dismissed it. The IFE called for

1140-580: The Hugo Chávez government. Some left-wing politicians and analysts criticized López Obrador for including in his close staff many former members of the PRI who fought against his party in the 1980s and 1990s, such as Arturo Núñez (one of the authors of Fobaproa contingency fund ), Manuel Camacho Solís and Marcelo Ebrard . The guerrilla leader of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), Subcomandante Marcos , said López Obrador

1197-536: The Presidente Legitimo (Legitimate President), inaugurated him in a ceremony in the Zócalo and called for the creation of an alternative, parallel government. López Obrador announced his victory to his supporters on the night of the election, stating that exit polls declared he had won by 500,000 votes. He did not cite any polls at the time and later referenced Covarrubias and IMO. Several days later,

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1254-459: The CCE had interfered in the elections by campaigning for Felipe Calderón, which is against electoral laws. The TEPJF determined that it was unfeasible to accurately evaluate the influence this interference had on the election results but estimated the impact of Fox's interference as insignificant. Similarly, the tribunal stated that it could not gauge the importance of CCE's interference. Consequently,

1311-471: The Court ruled that both interferences could not be considered a sufficient judicial cause to annul the election. In response to fraud allegations, the Court stated there was insufficient evidence to annul the election. López Obrador and his coalition had alleged irregularities in many polling stations and requested a national recount. Ultimately, the TEPJF, in a unanimous vote, ordered a recount of about 9% of

1368-459: The Federal District, López Obrador became one of the country's most recognizable politicians. He left office with an 84% approval rating, according to an opinion poll by Consulta Mitofsky. According to an article by Reforma newspaper , he kept 80% of the promises he made as a candidate. In September 2005, the PRD nominated López Obrador as presidential pre-candidate for the 2006 general election . Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas declined to participate in

1425-600: The Labor Party and Social Encounter Party followed over the next two days. However, on 3 September, due to the fact that the Social Encounter Party failed to attract three percent of the vote in the elections for president, federal deputies, and senators, which under Mexican law prompts the loss of its federal registry and the appointment of a liquidator by the INE to dispose of the national party's assets,

1482-517: The Mexican poet of the same name . During afternoons, he helped his parents at the La Posadita store. López Obrador began middle school in Macuspana but finished it in the state capital of Villahermosa , where his family moved in the mid-1960s and opened a clothes and shoe store called Novedades Andrés . On 8 June 1969, when he was 15 years old, his brother José Ramón López Obrador died from

1539-467: The Mexico City government during his tenure as Head of Government of Mexico City . Together they have one son, Jesús Ernesto López Gutiérrez (born 2007). During his first presidential run, some news reports identified López Obrador as a Protestant ; in a television interview, he self-identified as Catholic . In March 2018, he declared, "When I am asked what religion I adhere to, I say that I am

1596-742: The National Consumers' Institute, a federal government agency. López Obrador resigned from his position with the government of Tabasco in 1988 to join the new dissenting left wing of the PRI, then called the Democratic Current, led by Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas . This movement formed the National Democratic Front and later became the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). In 1994, he ran for

1653-631: The PES and the New Alliance Party , both lost their registry after the 2018 elections, and after they challenged the results, to no avail, the party was dissolved . In early-2019, nine deputies from the PRD left the party and joined the MORENA -led government coalition of López Obrador and it resulted to the government gaining a two-thirds majority, allowing for the passage of constitutional reform. At

1710-406: The PRI's presidential candidate, hinted at the possibility of an alliance with López Obrador to prevent National Action Party (PAN) candidate Felipe Calderón from winning the election after both parties criticized president Vicente Fox for what they saw as illegal support by the federal government for Calderón. A PRD spokesperson said both parties entered an information-sharing agreement regarding

1767-504: The Spanish newspaper El País criticized López Obrador for what it characterized as "extreme" verbal insults toward Mexican government institutions and President Vicente Fox . On 6 July 2006, the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) announced the final vote count in the 2006 presidential election , resulting in a narrow margin of 0.56 percentage points (243,934 votes) of victory for his opponent, Felipe Calderón . López Obrador appealed

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1824-455: The addition of books in indigenous languages and the project of the Chontal ridge. In 1989, he joined the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), becoming the party's 1994 candidate for Governor of Tabasco and national leader between 1996 and 1999. In 2000, he was elected Head of Government of Mexico City. During his tenure, his crime, infrastructure, and social spending policies made him

1881-453: The candidates to refrain from proclaiming themselves as the winner, president-elect, or president until the final resolution. Both candidates disobeyed this call. In an interview with U.S. Spanish-language TV network Univision , López Obrador referred to himself as "President of Mexico." López Obrador held several gatherings in downtown Mexico City, with hundreds of thousands attending. On 31 July, as an act of civil disobedience, he organized

1938-607: The construction of more condominiums and office buildings during his tenure than during any other period in Mexico City's history . New high-density condos emerged in the upscale neighborhoods of Polanco and Lomas de Chapultepec . To improve traffic flow on the city's two main inner-city roads, Periférico and Viaducto, he added sections of second stories to the Anillo Periférico . He renovated about 10% of those roads. The Metrobús , an express bus service based on

1995-513: The country's neoliberal consensus towards improving the state of the working class. Critics have claimed that he and his administration stumbled in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic and attempts to deal with drug cartels . He left office in September 2024, succeeded by Claudia Sheinbaum , and retired from electoral politics. López Obrador was born in Tepetitán , a small village in

2052-493: The decision made by Congress was widely unpopular, appeared on national television in April 2005, stating that the issue would not be pursued further. The controversy closed on a technicality, and López Obrador, despite the removal of immunity, was not prosecuted and thus remained eligible to participate in the 2006 presidential election . Weeks later, Attorney General Rafael Macedo de la Concha resigned. As Head of Government of

2109-398: The electoral process would not be eligible to run in a presidential election. A legal process begun in 2004 would likely have continued during the presidential campaigns of 2006, ending López Obrador's presidential run. Although his political opponents argued he should be subject to the same judicial process as anyone else, newspaper editorials throughout the world charged that the desafuero

2166-488: The first new university in Mexico City in three decades, the Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México . López Obrador hired former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani to craft a zero-tolerance policy that would help reduce crime in Mexico City. He directed the restoration and modernization of Mexico City's historic downtown , which has 16th- and 17th-century buildings and many tourist spaces. He led

2223-451: The governorship of Tabasco but lost to PRI candidate Roberto Madrazo . López Obrador gained national exposure as an advocate for the rights of indigenous people when, in 1996, he appeared on national TV drenched in blood following confrontations with police for blocking Pemex oil wells to defend the rights of local indigenous people impacted by pollution. He was president of the PRD from 2 August 1996 to 10 April 1999. On 2 July 2000, he

2280-655: The incident. López Obrador finished high school and, at age 19, went to Mexico City to study at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He studied political science and public administration at the UNAM from 1973 to 1976. He returned to school to complete his education after having held several positions within the government of Tabasco and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In 1987, he received

2337-612: The internal elections when polls showed López Obrador as the clear favorite. Until March 2006, polls showed him as the presidential frontrunner; however, his numbers had declined by late April. An article published by La Crónica de Hoy in March 2006 said that Mexican Bolivarian Circles and students, allegedly assisted by Venezuelan agents, distributed " Bolivarian propaganda in favor of Andrés Manuel López Obrador" throughout cities in Mexico and that such groups were given "economic support, logistics advice and ideological instruction" from

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2394-588: The issue. This, combined with calls from high-ranking PRI member Manuel Bartlett (former Secretary of the Interior during the 1988 presidential election fraud) to vote for López Obrador, aroused media speculation that the PRI and the PRD would ally. On 28 May, after López Obrador discounted any such alliance because the PRI and PRD political tendencies could not be reconciled, Roberto Madrazo indicated that his comments were misunderstood and that he would not step down or endorse any other candidate. In 2006,

2451-690: The latter of which was consequently absorbed into the National Regeneration Movement , to compete in the 2018 general election . The coalition was disbanded in 2020 and succeeded by the Juntos Hacemos Historia coalition, including the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico . Juntos Haremos Historia was registered with the National Electoral Institute on 15 December 2017, to compete in the general election. The parties will field joint candidates for

2508-513: The municipality of Macuspana , in the south-eastern state of Tabasco , López Obrador earned a degree in political science from the National Autonomous University of Mexico following a hiatus from his studies to participate in politics. He began his political career in 1976 as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). His first public position was as director of the Indigenous Institute of Tabasco, where he promoted

2565-425: The municipality of Macuspana , in the southern state of Tabasco , on 13 November 1953. He is the firstborn son of Andrés López Ramón (son of Lorenzo López and Beatriz Ramón) and Manuela Obrador González, Tabasco and Veracruz -based merchants. His younger siblings include José Ramón, José Ramiro, Pedro Arturo, Pío Lorenzo, and twins Candelaria Beatriz and Martín Jesús. His maternal grandfather José Obrador Revuelta

2622-574: The poet Carlos Pellicer , with whom López Obrador began discussing. There was empathy between the two because the young man raised his concern for the Chontal Maya . After the meeting, the poet invited him to his senate campaign during the 1976 elections . His university professor, Enrique González Pedrero , was another figure that influenced López Obrador's political trajectory. After attending school from 1973 to 1976, he returned to his native Tabasco, where he held various government positions and

2679-413: The polling stations. The Supreme Court later ruled that the evidence presented did not demonstrate the occurrence of sufficient irregularities to change the election outcome. In response to this result, in a move reminiscent of Francisco I. Madero declaring himself provisional President of Mexico after calling the 1910 elections against Porfirio Díaz fraudulent, López Obrador's followers proclaimed him

2736-621: The presidency, 292 of 300 district seats in the Chamber of Deputies , and all 64 candidacies to the Senate of the Republic . The coalition is structured such that MORENA holds a 50 percent vote and the other two parties 25 percent. A similar distribution is followed for the allocation of candidacies, including at the state level. On 18 February 2018, at its national convention, MORENA unanimously selected López Obrador as its presidential candidate;

2793-470: The presidential campaign, which is strictly prohibited by electoral law, thereby providing grounds for election annulment; that (b) that votes were fraudulently tallied on 2 July and afterward; and that (c) there was widespread and significant evidence of electoral irregularities, ranging from stuffed ballot boxes and inconsistent tally reports to improper and illegal handling of the ballot trail and voter intimidation. The Court did find that President Fox and

2850-427: The results, claiming widespread irregularities, and demanded an election recount. (A generalized recount is only to be carried in extreme circumstances, according to Mexican Electoral Tribunal Jurisprudence S3ELJ14-2004. ) On 8 July 2006, López Obrador called for nationwide protests to ask for a national recount, stating "the government would be responsible for any flare-up of anger after officials rejected his demand for

2907-580: The same time, Martín Huerta, a member of Fox's cabinet, received a reprimand and continued to hold office as Secretary of Public Safety until he died in a helicopter accident. López Obrador later appointed Ebrard as Secretary of Social Development and supported his candidacy in the PRD primaries to run for office as Head of Government of the Federal District in 2006 . Elected government officials in Mexico have an official immunity called fuero that prevents criminal charges from being brought against them, which can be removed through desafuero . In 2004,

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2964-587: The state level, Juntos Haremos Historia will compete as a similarly configured coalition in 27 of the 30 states holding simultaneous local elections in 2018. Among the states where the three parties did not enter into coalition was Hidalgo, where the state PES party is linked to former PRI Secretary of the Interior Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong . In the State of Mexico, a coalition agreement was signed but has caused dissent among PT party members for relegating

3021-546: Was a Cantabrian who arrived as an exile in Mexico from Ampuero , Spain , while his maternal grandmother Úrsula González was the daughter of Asturians . Through his paternal grandparents, López Obrador is also of Indigenous and African descent. López Obrador attended the only elementary school in town, the Marcos E. Becerra school, managed by the Seventh-day Adventist Church and named after

3078-454: Was a false left-wing candidate, arguing that he was a centrist candidate. Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas did not participate in campaign events but stated that he would still vote for his party, the PRD. López Obrador's proposals, including his 50 commitments , produced mixed opinions from analysts. The Washington Post wrote that López Obrador used U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as inspiration for his proposals. On 19 May, Roberto Madrazo ,

3135-692: Was a professor at the Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco . During his early career, he met Rocío Beltrán Medina, a sociology student, who suggested López Obrador embrace the progressive wing of the PRI. They eventually married on 8 April 1978. They had three sons: José Ramón López Beltrán (born 1981), Andrés Manuel López Beltrán (born 1986), and Gonzalo Alfonso López Beltrán (born 1991). Beltrán Medina died on 12 January 2003 due to respiratory arrest caused by lupus , which she had suffered for several years. On 16 October 2006, he married Beatriz Gutiérrez Müller , who had worked in

3192-502: Was elected Head of Government of the Federal District , a position akin to that of city mayor for the national capital district , with 38.3% of the vote. As mayor, López Obrador implemented various social programs that included extending financial assistance to help vulnerable groups in Mexico City, including single mothers, senior citizens, and the physically and mentally challenged. He invested in housing and schools, created old-age pensions, and expanded services. He also helped found

3249-418: Was politically motivated (including The New York Times and The Washington Post ), that it undermined Mexican democracy, and that López Obrador's exclusion from the upcoming elections would delegitimize the eventual winner. After Congress voted to remove López Obrador's immunity, he asked for leave from his post for a few days. President Vicente Fox , wanting to avoid a political crisis and knowing that

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