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93-412: Mad Money is an American finance television program hosted by Jim Cramer that began airing on CNBC on March 14, 2005. Its main focus is investment and speculation , particularly in public company stocks . Cramer defines "mad money" as the money one "can use to invest in stocks ... not retirement money, which you want in 401K or an Individual retirement account , a savings account, bonds, or

186-542: A 16:9 widescreen format on October 13, 2014, the on-air graphics were reformatted for the 16:9 presentation. To coincide with the program's move to the NYSE on July 18, 2022, new on-air graphics debuted for the first time in 9 years. The program's lower third is now a variant of CNBC's graphics package used since October 2014, with Gotham now used as the dominant font just like all of CNBC's other business-day programming. The program's logo changed as well. On December 11, 2023,

279-484: A Web-only version of the "Lightning Round", dubbed "Lightning Round Overtime". This feature had additional stock picks that were not seen on the television broadcast. "Lightning Round Overtime" was viewed only on the program's Website (high-speed Internet connection required). "Lightning Round Overtime" was eliminated July 2011. On May 24, 2005, a viewer asked Cramer by e-mail on Mad Money's "Mad Mail" segment what his boo-yah! catchphrase means, and he said did not have

372-428: A broad range of subfields exists within finance. Asset- , money- , risk- and investment management aim to maximize value and minimize volatility . Financial analysis assesses the viability, stability, and profitability of an action or entity. Some fields are multidisciplinary, such as mathematical finance , financial law , financial economics , financial engineering and financial technology . These fields are

465-507: A buzzer goes off to indicate the end of the round. When this happens, Cramer gets upset and usually takes a few more calls. After this, the Daktronics buzzer goes off at his signal, and the segment is over. In the past, prior to beginning of the segment, Cramer would abuse the office chair provided for him by throwing it on top of other "victims" (damaged office chairs), also damaging the studio's wall and glass displays as well. The damage

558-546: A caller rambles on about a stock, Cramer will lie down on the floor of the set with a pillow and blanket and act as if he is going to sleep. Other props used include a box of Uncle Ben's Rice with Chair of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke 's picture, an audio version of Jim Cramer's Real Money , a Louisville Slugger baseball bat , and pink Mad Money pigs. On the May 19, 2006, episode, Cramer had

651-444: A calm tone. Cramer also throws various objects around the set. Whenever one of his books is mentioned by a caller, he grabs the book, flashes it, and tosses it to the floor as a plug gag. In addition, he has a panel of oversized red buttons, which activate various sound effects. The online version of the show's sound board is available at cnbc.com. He also has small, plastic bulls and bears which he has incorporated into his shows. After

744-623: A clue. On the next day, viewers e-mailed him claiming that Cramer's boo-yah! catch phrase is similar to the Booyah registered trademark of the Booyah Bait Company or to the phrase of SportsCenter 's Stuart Scott , but Cramer answered that his phrase is not copied from that company nor from Stuart Scott, and means "Are you ready to make some money?" On the August 19, 2005, episode of Late Night with Conan O'Brien , Cramer explained

837-410: A free bobblehead upon request. Also, Cramer has National Football League yellow penalty and red coach's challenge flags that he throws whenever he believes a company has behaved unethically (penalty) or when he questions a stock decision (coach's challenge), respectively. He will also throw the flag when a caller unethically uses the national television audience to promote a stock for self-interest. If

930-431: A high degree of computational complexity and are slow to converge to a solution on classical computers. In particular, when it comes to option pricing, there is additional complexity resulting from the need to respond to quickly changing markets. For example, in order to take advantage of inaccurately priced stock options, the computation must complete before the next change in the almost continuously changing stock market. As

1023-516: A high-profile game (e.g. Monday Night Football, or a score from a general NFL, MLB, game). The scoreboard also shows the date, but in the discontinued Sudden Death segment, the date would turn into a countdown clock to the end of the segment. The scoreboard was not used during "Back to School" road shows. In June 2011, the Mad Money set's original glass panels (with the word "MAD" painted on them) were replaced with video walls. On April 23, 2013,

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1116-678: A large gain in the Dow Jones Industrial Average , Cramer, dressed as a chef, chopped off the heads of the bears with a knife and placed them into a pan with onions and tomatoes. He called it a "bear stir-fry" or a "bear souffle". On February 28, 2006, he put his toy bulls through various kitchen appliances. And on May 17, 2006, after a steep plunge of the Dow, Cramer cooked toy bulls through a rotisserie oven. The studio has also featured Cramer bobblehead dolls which utter phrases such as "Are You Ready Skee-Daddy?", callers can receive

1209-492: A loan or other debt obligations. The main areas of personal finance are considered to be income, spending, saving, investing, and protection. The following steps, as outlined by the Financial Planning Standards Board, suggest that an individual will understand a potentially secure personal finance plan after: Corporate finance deals with the actions that managers take to increase the value of

1302-738: A long-term strategic perspective regarding investment decisions that affect public entities. These long-term strategic periods typically encompass five or more years. Public finance is primarily concerned with: Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve System banks in the United States and the Bank of England in the United Kingdom , are strong players in public finance. They act as lenders of last resort as well as strong influences on monetary and credit conditions in

1395-414: A mix of an art and science , and there are ongoing related efforts to organize a list of unsolved problems in finance . Managerial finance is the branch of finance that deals with the financial aspects of the management of a company, and the financial dimension of managerial decision-making more broadly. It provides the theoretical underpin for the practice described above , concerning itself with

1488-483: A monkey named Ka-ching make an appearance on the show. Ka-ching wore a CNBC T-shirt, sat in Cramer's chair, pressed the buttons that made sound effects, and threw the foam bulls around the set. In October 2006, a customized Daktronics BB-2122 scoreboard was installed, featuring drawings of bulls on the left and bears on the right. The scoreboard usually displays a score from the previous night's sporting events, usually

1581-511: A padded room in a straitjacket and tape over his mouth, as if in a mental institution (a reference to Cramer's book, the subtitle of which is "Sane Investing in an Insane World"). The "Main Event" was introduced by boxing announcer Michael Buffer with his catch phrase " Let's get ready to rumble! ". The featured guest on the show was then- New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer (a classmate of Cramer at Harvard Law School ). Cramer went into

1674-468: A possible reference to a shrewd rice farmer from Houston. In 2020, Mars told Ad Age , "We don't know if a real 'Ben' ever existed." According to Mars, Uncle Ben was an African-American rice grower known for the quality of his rice. Gordon L. Harwell, an entrepreneur who had supplied rice to the armed forces in World War II , chose the name "Uncle Ben's" as a means to expand his marketing efforts to

1767-447: A result, the finance community is always looking for ways to overcome the resulting performance issues that arise when pricing options. This has led to research that applies alternative computing techniques to finance. Most commonly used quantum financial models are quantum continuous model, quantum binomial model, multi-step quantum binomial model etc. The origin of finance can be traced to the beginning of state formation and trade during

1860-446: A sophisticated mathematical model is required, and thus overlaps several of the above. As a specialized practice area, quantitative finance comprises primarily three sub-disciplines; the underlying theory and techniques are discussed in the next section: DCF valuation formula widely applied in business and finance, since articulated in 1938 . Here, to get the value of the firm , its forecasted free cash flows are discounted to

1953-398: A well-diversified portfolio, achieved investment performance will, in general, largely be a function of the asset mix selected, while the individual securities are less impactful. The specific approach or philosophy will also be significant, depending on the extent to which it is complementary with the market cycle . Risk management here is discussed immediately below. A quantitative fund

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2046-469: Is "Are you ready, skee-daddy?" Another commonality is for a caller to ask "Hows momma doin'?" to which Cramer replies "Momma doin' fine." In June 2005, a viewer explained to Cramer by e-mail the difference between a pig and a hog, which is a domesticated pig, so Cramer changed one of his catch phrases to "Bulls make money. Bears make money. Hogs get slaughtered." On May 2, 2007, the program unveiled its second-generation on-air graphics package, replacing what

2139-482: Is about performing valuation and asset allocation today, based on the risk and uncertainty of future outcomes while appropriately incorporating the time value of money . Determining the present value of these future values, "discounting", must be at the risk-appropriate discount rate , in turn, a major focus of finance-theory. As financial theory has roots in many disciplines, including mathematics, statistics, economics, physics, and psychology, it can be considered

2232-436: Is managed using computer-based mathematical techniques (increasingly, machine learning ) instead of human judgment. The actual trading is typically automated via sophisticated algorithms . Risk management , in general, is the study of how to control risks and balance the possibility of gains; it is the process of measuring risk and then developing and implementing strategies to manage that risk. Financial risk management

2325-444: Is mathematics that is actually important in this new scenario Finance theory is heavily based on financial instrument pricing such as stock option pricing. Many of the problems facing the finance community have no known analytical solution. As a result, numerical methods and computer simulations for solving these problems have proliferated. This research area is known as computational finance . Many computational finance problems have

2418-408: Is now a surgeon instead of a patient, who performs surgery on the crippling economy (in this case, from the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina , yet there were other factors). While "operating", Cramer proclaims "The bull's alive!" signifying that he was successful. It featured special guest Donald Trump . It ran for only 60 minutes and brought back "Am I Nuts?" from the first "Main Event"; this has been

2511-650: Is now owned by Mars, Inc. Uncle Ben's rice was first marketed in 1943 and was the top-selling rice in the United States until the 1990s. In 2020, it was rebranded as "Ben's Original" in the US. In the 1910s, the German-British chemist Erich Huzenlaub (1888–1964) and the British chemist Francis Heron Rogers invented a form of parboiling designed to retain more of the nutrients in rice, now known as

2604-417: Is now white, just like all of the other CNBC business-day programs at the time. Also, 2 new sound-button animations were introduced, and they featured photos of bulls and bears with the words "BULL" and "BEAR" at the bottom of their respective photos. They replaced the old cartoon-like bulls and bears that had been used since the "1st Anniversary Show" on March 14, 2006. As part of CNBC's network-wide switch to

2697-657: Is often indirect, through a financial intermediary such as a bank , or via the purchase of notes or bonds ( corporate bonds , government bonds , or mutual bonds) in the bond market . The lender receives interest, the borrower pays a higher interest than the lender receives, and the financial intermediary earns the difference for arranging the loan. A bank aggregates the activities of many borrowers and lenders. A bank accepts deposits from lenders, on which it pays interest. The bank then lends these deposits to borrowers. Banks allow borrowers and lenders, of different sizes, to coordinate their activity. Investing typically entails

2790-497: Is referred to as "wholesale finance". Institutions here extend the products offered , with related trading, to include bespoke options , swaps , and structured products , as well as specialized financing ; this " financial engineering " is inherently mathematical , and these institutions are then the major employers of "quants" (see below ). In these institutions, risk management , regulatory capital , and compliance play major roles. As outlined, finance comprises, broadly,

2883-471: Is the branch of economics that studies the interrelation of financial variables , such as prices , interest rates and shares, as opposed to real economic variables, i.e. goods and services . It thus centers on pricing, decision making, and risk management in the financial markets , and produces many of the commonly employed financial models . ( Financial econometrics is the branch of financial economics that uses econometric techniques to parameterize

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2976-485: Is the practice of protecting corporate value against financial risks , often by "hedging" exposure to these using financial instruments. The focus is particularly on credit and market risk, and in banks, through regulatory capital, includes operational risk. Financial risk management is related to corporate finance in two ways. Firstly, firm exposure to market risk is a direct result of previous capital investments and funding decisions; while credit risk arises from

3069-400: Is then often referred to as "business finance". Typically, "corporate finance" relates to the long term objective of maximizing the value of the entity's assets , its stock , and its return to shareholders , while also balancing risk and profitability . This entails three primary areas: The latter creates the link with investment banking and securities trading , as above, in that

3162-665: The Bronze Age . The earliest historical evidence of finance is dated to around 3000 BCE. Banking originated in West Asia, where temples and palaces were used as safe places for the storage of valuables. Initially, the only valuable that could be deposited was grain, but cattle and precious materials were eventually included. During the same period, the Sumerian city of Uruk in Mesopotamia supported trade by lending as well as

3255-671: The Huzenlaub Process . The process entailed vacuum drying the whole grain, then steaming , and finally, vacuum drying and removal of the husk . This increased the rice's nutritional value, reduced cooking time, and made it resistant to weevils . In 1932, Forrest Mars Sr. moved to the United Kingdom with a remit to expand the Mars food company internationally. While in the United Kingdom, Mars learned of Erich Huzenlaub's work with rice. Huzenlaub's London-based company

3348-606: The Roman Republic , interest was outlawed by the Lex Genucia reforms in 342 BCE, though the provision went largely unenforced. Under Julius Caesar , a ceiling on interest rates of 12% was set, and much later under Justinian it was lowered even further to between 4% and 8%. Uncle Ben%27s Rice Ben's Original , formerly called Uncle Ben's , is an American brand of parboiled rice and other related food products that were introduced by Converted Rice Inc., which

3441-446: The managerial application of the various finance techniques . Academics working in this area are typically based in business school finance departments, in accounting , or in management science . The tools addressed and developed relate in the main to managerial accounting and corporate finance : the former allow management to better understand, and hence act on, financial information relating to profitability and performance;

3534-724: The numerical methods applied here. Experimental finance aims to establish different market settings and environments to experimentally observe and provide a lens through which science can analyze agents' behavior and the resulting characteristics of trading flows, information diffusion, and aggregation, price setting mechanisms, and returns processes. Researchers in experimental finance can study to what extent existing financial economics theory makes valid predictions and therefore prove them, as well as attempt to discover new principles on which such theory can be extended and be applied to future financial decisions. Research may proceed by conducting trading simulations or by establishing and studying

3627-626: The "Am I Diversified?" segment. Mad Money regularly includes the following segments: The other segments featured on Mad Money (some of which are no longer current) include the following: Subtitles are frequently used to underscore some of the "bullet points" in Cramer's presentations. They are also used to explain some of the off-topic, obscure historical, literary, or pop-cultural references he may make. Subtitles are also used for disclosure stocks owned by Cramer's charitable trust , ActionAlertsPlus.com, for disclaimers related to any claims made by callers (such as how listening to Mad Money has made

3720-410: The "Ka-ching" sound effect multiple times in most episodes since 2022), because my job is not just to entertain you, but to educate and teach you, so call me at 1-800-743-CNBC or tweet me @jimcramer ." Cramer is usually standing up with the fisheye lens Steadicam close to his face, while providing stock picks and investing advice. His voice inflection often changes from calm to shouting then back to

3813-451: The 2006–present shows (other than the July 12, 2006, edition, which was also referred to as " Mad Money Main Event") was referred to as " Mad Money Back to School". The first " Mad Money Main Event" was broadcast on July 20, 2005. Cramer had his show taped in front of a live studio audience of about 150 guests. The show was promoted on CNBC using commercials that showed Cramer locked up in

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3906-598: The Eastern and Pacific time zones (meaning seven minutes would have to be cut-off Mad Money to fit in Early Today and a local newscast starting at 4:30 a.m.). On July 31, 2017, Early Today began to first record at 3:00 a.m. ET, and without any room on the schedule, the NBC version of Mad Money was discontinued on this date. On August 4, 2014, Mad Money was first broadcast in full-screen 1080i HD, resulting in

3999-485: The Lightning Round. Cramer's special guests were George David , CEO of United Technologies , and Raymond Milchovich, CEO of Foster Wheeler . The fourth "Back to School" edition was broadcast from Boston College on September 20, 2006. Cramer's special guest on the fourth "Back to School" show was Tim Russert , and his son, Luke Russert, who was a student at Boston College. The fifth "Back to School" edition

4092-478: The above " Fundamental theorem of asset pricing ". The subject has a close relationship with financial economics, which, as outlined, is concerned with much of the underlying theory that is involved in financial mathematics: generally, financial mathematics will derive and extend the mathematical models suggested. Computational finance is the branch of (applied) computer science that deals with problems of practical interest in finance, and especially emphasizes

4185-501: The behavior of people in artificial, competitive, market-like settings. Behavioral finance studies how the psychology of investors or managers affects financial decisions and markets and is relevant when making a decision that can impact either negatively or positively on one of their areas. With more in-depth research into behavioral finance, it is possible to bridge what actually happens in financial markets with analysis based on financial theory. Behavioral finance has grown over

4278-411: The brand's identity, including the logo. The move followed just hours after Quaker / PepsiCo changed the name and logo of its Aunt Jemima brand amid accusations of racism. As advertised on September 23, 2020, Mars Inc. replaced both the name "Uncle Ben's" along with the brand's historic logo depicting a well-dressed and bald black man in a bow tie ; rebranding itself as simply "Ben's Original", with

4371-579: The business's credit policy and is often addressed through credit insurance and provisioning . Secondly, both disciplines share the goal of enhancing or at least preserving, the firm's economic value , and in this context overlaps also enterprise risk management , typically the domain of strategic management . Here, businesses devote much time and effort to forecasting , analytics and performance monitoring . (See ALM and treasury management .) For banks and other wholesale institutions, risk management focuses on managing, and as necessary hedging,

4464-436: The caller mad money), and to show callers' names. The only segment which appears on every Mad Money show is the "Lightning Round" segment, where viewers call in (on live shows, they stand before a microphone in the audience) and ask Cramer about a specific stock. Cramer's object is to showcase his encyclopedic knowledge of stocks and give callers a second opinion on their stock ideas. He takes as many calls as possible before

4557-891: The capital raised will generically comprise debt, i.e. corporate bonds , and equity , often listed shares . Re risk management within corporates, see below . Financial managers—i.e. as distinct from corporate financiers—focus more on the short term elements of profitability, cash flow, and " working capital management " ( inventory , credit and debtors ), ensuring that the firm can safely and profitably carry out its financial and operational objectives; i.e. that it: (1) can service both maturing short-term debt repayments, and scheduled long-term debt payments, and (2) has sufficient cash flow for ongoing and upcoming operational expenses . (See Financial management and Financial planning and analysis .) Public finance describes finance as related to sovereign states, sub-national entities, and related public entities or agencies. It generally encompasses

4650-480: The company and merged it into his Food Manufacturers, Inc. Uncle Ben's milling plant was on the Houston Ship Channel until 1999 when it moved to Greenville, Mississippi . From 1946 to 2020, Uncle Ben's products carried the image of an elderly African-American man dressed in a bow tie , which is said to have been based on a Chicago maître d'hôtel named Frank Brown with the name "Ben" being

4743-461: The crowd and gave high fives to audience members who claimed to have had made money by following his stock tips. True to the commercials, it featured a segment titled "Am I Nuts?", which had audience members asking Cramer about their stocks. Mad Money was expanded to a special 90 minute edition for this occasion. " Mad Money Main Event II" premiered on October 26, 2005. In the commercials, Cramer

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4836-461: The economy. Development finance , which is related, concerns investment in economic development projects provided by a (quasi) governmental institution on a non-commercial basis; these projects would otherwise not be able to get financing . A public–private partnership is primarily used for infrastructure projects: a private sector corporate provides the financing up-front, and then draws profits from taxpayers or users. Climate finance , and

4929-439: The end of each segment, Cramer will take one or two calls from viewers with questions about either the stock he recommended, or another stock in the same industry or which the viewer thinks may benefit from the topic discussed. The third segment is the "Lightning Round". Segments four and five will feature either one of the segments listed below or another recommendation. Cramer does not take calls on these later segments except for

5022-672: The excess, intending to earn a fair return. Correspondingly, an entity where income is less than expenditure can raise capital usually in one of two ways: (i) by borrowing in the form of a loan (private individuals), or by selling government or corporate bonds ; (ii) by a corporation selling equity , also called stock or shares (which may take various forms: preferred stock or common stock ). The owners of both bonds and stock may be institutional investors —financial institutions such as investment banks and pension funds —or private individuals, called private investors or retail investors. (See Financial market participants .) The lending

5115-510: The field is referred to as quantitative finance and / or mathematical finance, and comprises primarily the three areas discussed. The main mathematical tools and techniques are, correspondingly: Mathematically, these separate into two analytic branches : derivatives pricing uses risk-neutral probability (or arbitrage-pricing probability), denoted by "Q"; while risk and portfolio management generally use physical (or actual or actuarial) probability, denoted by "P". These are interrelated through

5208-416: The field. Quantum finance is an interdisciplinary field, in which theories and methods developed by quantum physicists and economists are applied to solve financial problems. It represents a branch known as econophysics. Although quantum computational methods have been around for quite some time and use the basic principles of physics to better understand the ways to implement and manage cash flows, it

5301-410: The firm to the shareholders, the sources of funding and the capital structure of corporations, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources. While corporate finance is in principle different from managerial finance , which studies the financial management of all firms rather than corporations alone, the concepts are applicable to the financial problems of all firms, and this area

5394-451: The first scholarly work in this area. The field is largely focused on the modeling of derivatives —with much emphasis on interest rate- and credit risk modeling —while other important areas include insurance mathematics and quantitative portfolio management . Relatedly, the techniques developed are applied to pricing and hedging a wide range of asset-backed , government , and corporate -securities. As above , in terms of practice,

5487-627: The flows of capital that take place between individuals and households ( personal finance ), governments ( public finance ), and businesses ( corporate finance ). "Finance" thus studies the process of channeling money from savers and investors to entities that need it. Savers and investors have money available which could earn interest or dividends if put to productive use. Individuals, companies and governments must obtain money from some external source, such as loans or credit, when they lack sufficient funds to run their operations. In general, an entity whose income exceeds its expenditure can lend or invest

5580-400: The foundation of business and accounting . In some cases, theories in finance can be tested using the scientific method , covered by experimental finance . The early history of finance parallels the early history of money , which is prehistoric . Ancient and medieval civilizations incorporated basic functions of finance, such as banking, trading and accounting, into their economies. In

5673-712: The fundamental risk mitigant here, investment managers will apply various hedging techniques as appropriate, these may relate to the portfolio as a whole or to individual stocks . Bond portfolios are often (instead) managed via cash flow matching or immunization , while for derivative portfolios and positions, traders use "the Greeks" to measure and then offset sensitivities. In parallel, managers — active and passive — will monitor tracking error , thereby minimizing and preempting any underperformance vs their "benchmark" . Quantitative finance—also referred to as "mathematical finance"—includes those finance activities where

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5766-500: The general public. In March 2007, Uncle Ben's image was "promoted" to the "chairman of the board" by a new advertising campaign. In September 2017, Mars, Inc. started to certify the sustainability of basmati rice sold under the Uncle Ben's brand to encourage local farmers to opt for the best agricultural methods. In the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd , Mars, Inc. announced on June 17, 2020, that it would be "evolving"

5859-481: The graphics were changed again. This time, they are aligned with those that launched on all of CNBC's other programs on the same day. Jim Cramer has been quoted as saying that Mad Money "is a show that is about education, entertainment and making money". The show features a disclaimer at the start of the program to that effect. Mad Money has featured special broadcasts, the first four in 2005 and 2006, respectively, were referred to as " Mad Money Main Event", while

5952-506: The heart of investment management is asset allocation — diversifying the exposure among these asset classes , and among individual securities within each asset class—as appropriate to the client's investment policy , in turn, a function of risk profile, investment goals, and investment horizon (see Investor profile ). Here: Overlaid is the portfolio manager's investment style —broadly, active vs passive , value vs growth , and small cap vs. large cap —and investment strategy . In

6045-456: The hour for approximately 8 minutes. Additionally, a new "Overtime" session debuted at the end of "The Lightning Round" on the March 2, 2006, episode. In conjunction with the buzzer going off, a siren was heard, the "On Air" light flashed repeatedly, and the monitors around the set had Cramer rotating infinitely with lightning and siren images merged into the background, that latter also displayed on

6138-444: The last few decades to become an integral aspect of finance. Behavioral finance includes such topics as: A strand of behavioral finance has been dubbed quantitative behavioral finance , which uses mathematical and statistical methodology to understand behavioral biases in conjunction with valuation. Quantum finance involves applying quantum mechanical approaches to financial theory, providing novel methods and perspectives in

6231-423: The late 19th century, the global financial system was formed. In the middle of the 20th century, finance emerged as a distinct academic discipline, separate from economics. The earliest doctoral programs in finance were established in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, finance is also widely studied through career -focused undergraduate and master's level programs. As outlined, the financial system consists of

6324-427: The latter, as above, are about optimizing the overall financial structure, including its impact on working capital. Key aspects of managerial finance thus include: The discussion, however, extends to business strategy more broadly, emphasizing alignment with the company's overall strategic objectives; and similarly incorporates the managerial perspectives of planning, directing, and controlling. Financial economics

6417-536: The most conservative of dividend-paying stocks." Mad Money replaced Dylan Ratigan 's Bullseye for the 6 p.m. Eastern Time slot. On January 8, 2007, CNBC began airing reruns of the show at 11 p.m. Eastern Time, on Monday through Friday, and at 4 a.m. Eastern Time, on Saturdays. In March 2012, the program became a part of what was formerly branded as NBC All Night in the nominal 3:07 a.m. ET/2:07 a.m. timeslot on weeknights, replacing week-delayed repeats of NBC's late night talk shows. In that form, only

6510-423: The origin of boo-yah: "Here's what happened: A guy calls me on my radio show , and he says 'You made me a 100 smackers on K-Mart – a hundred points ...' – he's from New Orleans – '...and we have one word for that down here and it's boo-yah . Then the next guy calls and he says 'you know you made me a lot of money on [a stock] so: boo-yah!' And now they all say it. It's not my rap". Another featured catchphrase

6603-444: The present using the weighted average cost of capital for the discount factor. For share valuation investors use the related dividend discount model . Financial theory is studied and developed within the disciplines of management , (financial) economics , accountancy and applied mathematics . Abstractly, finance is concerned with the investment and deployment of assets and liabilities over "space and time"; i.e., it

6696-409: The purchase of stock , either individual securities or via a mutual fund , for example. Stocks are usually sold by corporations to investors so as to raise required capital in the form of " equity financing ", as distinct from the debt financing described above. The financial intermediaries here are the investment banks . The investment banks find the initial investors and facilitate the listing of

6789-749: The rate of 20 percent per year. By 1200 BCE, cowrie shells were used as a form of money in China . The use of coins as a means of representing money began in the years between 700 and 500 BCE. Herodotus mentions the use of crude coins in Lydia around 687 BCE and, by 640 BCE, the Lydians had started to use coin money more widely and opened permanent retail shops. Shortly after, cities in Classical Greece , such as Aegina , Athens , and Corinth , started minting their own coins between 595 and 570 BCE. During

6882-724: The related Environmental finance , address the financial strategies, resources and instruments used in climate change mitigation . Investment management is the professional asset management of various securities—typically shares and bonds, but also other assets, such as real estate, commodities and alternative investments —in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of investors. As above, investors may be institutions, such as insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments, or private investors, either directly via investment contracts or, more commonly, via collective investment schemes like mutual funds, exchange-traded funds , or REITs . At

6975-413: The relationships suggested.) The discipline has two main areas of focus: asset pricing and corporate finance; the first being the perspective of providers of capital, i.e. investors, and the second of users of capital; respectively: Financial mathematics is the field of applied mathematics concerned with financial markets ; Louis Bachelier's doctoral thesis , defended in 1900, is considered to be

7068-677: The removal of the sidebar that was seen on all of CNBC's other trading-day programming, until the sidebar itself was permanently removed altogether on October 13, 2014. The NBC presentation displayed the native widescreen HD picture, albeit with the CNBC Ticker space still filled in with gray windowboxing. Cramer usually starts his shows saying this, or an alternative version of this phrase after opening credits: "Hey, I'm (Jim) Cramer, welcome to Mad Money , welcome to Cramerica, some people want to make friends [at this point, Cramer adds an extra, original statement], I just want to make you money (hits

7161-475: The securities, typically shares and bonds. Additionally, they facilitate the securities exchanges , which allow their trade thereafter, as well as the various service providers which manage the performance or risk of these investments. These latter include mutual funds , pension funds , wealth managers , and stock brokers , typically servicing retail investors (private individuals). Inter-institutional trade and investment, and fund-management at this scale ,

7254-493: The show introduced the second-generation Mad Money set, which replaced a variation of the original set that had been used since the show's 2005 debut. On July 18, 2022, Mad Money relocated to the New York Stock Exchange , where an entirely new set debuted. The general format of the show starts with two segments, where Cramer recommends one or more stocks in a group with his rationale for choosing them. At

7347-623: The three areas of personal finance, corporate finance, and public finance. These, in turn, overlap and employ various activities and sub-disciplines—chiefly investments , risk management, and quantitative finance . Personal finance refers to the practice of budgeting to ensure enough funds are available to meet basic needs, while ensuring there is only a reasonable level of risk to lose said capital. Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance , investing, and saving for retirement . Personal finance may also involve paying for

7440-545: The trend for future shows. " Mad Money Main Event III" was broadcast on November 30, 2005, and featured Mel Karmazin , CEO of Sirius Satellite Radio (now Sirius XM Satellite Radio). Cramer entered the studio as a surgeon. " Mad Money Main Event IV" premiered on January 11, 2006, with guest Les Moonves , CEO of CBS . This episode featured Cramer coming out in the straitjacket. The fifth " Mad Money Main Event" show

7533-446: The use of interest. In Sumerian, "interest" was mas , which translates to "calf". In Greece and Egypt, the words used for interest, tokos and ms respectively, meant "to give birth". In these cultures, interest indicated a valuable increase, and seemed to consider it from the lender's point of view. The Code of Hammurabi (1792–1750 BCE) included laws governing banking operations. The Babylonians were accustomed to charging interest at

7626-635: The various positions held by the institution—both trading positions and long term exposures —and on calculating and monitoring the resultant economic capital , and regulatory capital under Basel III . The calculations here are mathematically sophisticated, and within the domain of quantitative finance as below. Credit risk is inherent in the business of banking, but additionally, these institutions are exposed to counterparty credit risk . Banks typically employ Middle office "Risk Groups" , whereas front office risk teams provide risk "services" (or "solutions") to customers. Additional to diversification ,

7719-504: The video for the program was presented on a 16:9 screen with gray branded windowboxing and pillarboxing , with all enhanced business information, including the CNBC Ticker , removed. The continuing movement of morning local newscasts , and with it Early Today further into what is known as the graveyard slot eventually began to interfere with the airing of Mad Money in this late slot, especially if they aired at 4 a.m., and in

7812-496: The viewer's TV screen at random intervals. Cramer took 5 more calls after this. However, the "Overtime" session was discontinued, starting with the " Mad Money 1st Anniversary" show on March 14, 2006. The newer "Sudden Death" segment at the end of the show used any time remaining at the end of the show for an even more rapid "Overtime"-like session. That too, was discontinued in February 2008. On February 25, 2008, Cramer introduced

7905-557: Was Rice Conversion Ltd. The two eventually formed Mars and Huzenlaub in Houston, Texas, which gave Forrest Mars partial ownership of the Huzenlaub Process rice conversion patent. In 1942, through Mars's guidance and sponsorship, Huzenlaub created, together with Houston food broker Gordon L. Harwell, the company Converted Rice, Inc., which sold its entire output to the U.S. and British armed forces. The advantage of this product

7998-708: Was broadcast from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. , on September 29, 2006, the final stop for the 2006 leg of the " Mad Money Back to School" college tour. Cramer's special guest was NBC News chief White House correspondent David Gregory . Finance In these financial systems, assets are bought, sold, or traded as financial instruments , such as currencies , loans , bonds , shares , stocks , options , futures , etc. Assets can also be banked , invested , and insured to maximize value and minimize loss. In practice, risks are always present in any financial action and entities. Due to its wide scope,

8091-457: Was broadcast on July 12, 2006. Like the second and third "Main Event" shows, Cramer entered the studio as a surgeon. His featured guest in the fifth edition was Jeff Zucker , CEO of NBC Universal . " Mad Money Ladies' Night" was broadcast on January 22, 2008, and featured an all-female studio audience. This show also brought back the rarely seen "Am I Nuts?" segment. Unlike all of the prior "Main Event" and "Back to School" shows that aired, there

8184-473: Was canceled due to "logistics." Cramer's special guest on the second "Back to School" broadcast was Dave Brandon , CEO of Domino's Pizza . The third "Back to School" broadcast originated from Columbia University in New York City on May 16, 2006, again promoted by the aforementioned "Britney" commercials. In that episode, a female audience member assisted Jim in throwing a beach chair at the start of

8277-487: Was made apparent by a caller in the "Lightning Round" on March 1, 2006, which prompted Cramer to throw his chair again at the glass display, causing it to crack even more. Cramer has said that the reason why he throws chairs is because he hates sitting down on the job. He often had to be at his old hedge fund by 4:30 a.m., and if his employees sat down they would often try to go to sleep, so chairs became "the enemy". The segment usually airs between 25 and 30 minutes past

8370-467: Was no featured guest. On each of the Main Events thus far, significant stock market activity has coincidentally occurred (e.g. Google reaching a price of 350, which Cramer had predicted, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average attaining a 4-year high.) The first " Mad Money Back to School" event was broadcast on February 1, 2006, from Harvard University , Cramer's alma mater. Cramer's special guest

8463-516: Was that it could be air-dropped to troops in the field without the risk of weevil infestation, and it could be cooked more quickly than other rice products. Additionally, the converted rice product would retain more nutritional value. In 1944, with additional financing from the Defense Plant Corporation and an investment by Forrest Mars, it built a second large plant. In 1959, Forrest Mars purchased Erich Huzenlaub's interest in

8556-527: Was then-New York Attorney General and future New York State Governor Eliot Spitzer , who was a classmate of Cramer's at Harvard Law School . The second "Back to School" broadcast originated from the University of Michigan on April 25, 2006. Originally, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania was Cramer's second stop on the tour with an air date of March 29, 2006, but this visit

8649-485: Was used – including its opening graphic sequence – since its March 14, 2005, debut. In the previous graphics package, the program's lower third changed its background color from red to yellow on November 26, 2007. On April 23, 2013 - the same day the program's second-generation set was introduced - Mad Money unveiled a new, cleaner-looking, on-air graphics presentation, replacing a variation of what had been used since May 2, 2007. The program's lower third background color

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