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43-734: The River of Cuyari, called by the Portuguese Madeira or the Wood River, is formed by two great rivers, which join near its mouth. It was by this River, that the Nation of Topinambes passed into the River Amazon. The mean inter-annual precipitations on the great basins vary from 75 to 300 cm (2.5–9.8 ft), the entire upper Madeira basin receiving 170.5 cm (5.6 ft). The greatest extremes of rainfall are between 49 and 700 cm (1.6–23 ft). Even just below

86-540: A tropical monsoon climate (climate type Am ) under the Köppen climate classification . The temperatures tend to be relatively consistent throughout the course of the year, with average daily temperatures typically between 25 and 26 degrees Celsius. The dry season is short and covers the months of June, July and August. Porto Velho is particularly wet from November through April, averaging roughly 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain per month in each of these months. According to

129-482: A Latin Catholic jurisdiction that started on May 1, 1925. The vast Territorial Prelature of Porto Velho split off from the then- Diocese of Amazonas and Diocese of São Luíz de Cáceres , and also lost parts to three new Territorial prelatures , before being promoted as the first bishopric (Diocese of Porto Velho). On October 4, 1982, it was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Porto Velho . Porto Velho features

172-466: A conical shape, with a concave-shaped base. Each tank is elevated from the ground by four columns made of iron lattice on concrete foundations. They are at the height of the bulge surrounded by a walkway railing with metal lattice through which arrives via a ladder. Each reservoir has a capacity for 200,000 liters and supplied the city of Porto Velho by the year 1957, working as gravity-fed reservoirs. The Cathedral had its construction initiated in 1917, but

215-623: A replacement to Caiari Airport , which was closed on April 16, 1969. Porto Velho Air Force Base - ALA6 , one of their most important bases of the Brazilian Air Force , is located in Porto Velho. The culture of Porto Velho is marked by a strong Northeastern influence with Bumba Meu Boi , the Juninas and Pastorinha peoples, and some influences of south central Brazil . The interpretation of Native American legends, such as

258-555: A subspecies of the Amazon river dolphin or a separate species, is restricted to the upper Madeira River system. It has been estimated that there are more than 900 fish species in the Madeira River Basin, making it one of the freshwater systems in the world with the highest species richness . The river is the fifth title of the 1993/1999 Philip Glass album Aguas da Amazonia . In July 2007, plans have been approved by

301-589: Is 1.2 × 10  m /s (43 million cu ft/s), of which the Amazon would be approximately 18%. The global annual runoff into the oceans (38,500–44,200 km /year) is dominated by runoff into the South Atlantic from eastern South America, into the western Pacific from east Asia, and into the Indian Ocean from India, and southeast Asia. Depending on the estimate, the Amazon alone accounts for 15–18% of

344-512: Is 548,952 people (as of the IBGE 2021 estimation). Located on the border of Rondônia and the state of Amazonas , the town is an important trading center for cassiterite , the mining of which represents the most important economic activity in the region , as well as a transportation and communication center. It is on the eastern shore of the Madeira River , one of the main tributaries of

387-411: Is a fleet of taxis serving only the airport. The airport is served by 98 scheduled flights weekly, most going to other large Brazilian cities. The presence of Porto Velho Air Force Base ensures considerable movement of military aircraft. The local people refer to Porto Velho International as Belmont Airport because it is located in this district. It became an international airport in 2002. It was built as

430-456: Is associated with the better conditions of the area where it was built, its easy access by the river and its harbor: these were all considerations in the choice of Porto Velho as the capital of the newly formed Federal Territory of Guaporé, in 1943. Only with the beginning of World War II was there another cycle of progress in the region. Once the Allied forces lost control of Malaysian rubber,

473-552: Is housed in a warehouse that was used for loading and unloading for almost a century. One can see hundreds of materials in this preserved railway. The museum has several pieces from the time of its construction and operation. Besides the first locomotive brought to the Amazon, the Coronel Church , there is also a 'stork and a tricycle', used to transport the line foremen who checked lathes, machines, furniture, as well as photographs of workers, books, documents and more. The museum

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516-561: Is located at Avenida September 7 - Railroad Square Madeira-Mamore. Outside the museum, on the waterfront, you can take a ride in one of the "barges" to Teotônio waterfall. Also known as The Three Marias, the water tanks are in the center of town, in the square of the same name. The first was erected in 1910 and the other two in 1912. They were designed and built by Chicago Bridge & Iron Works of Chicago as per information contained in cast-iron plate, carved pilasters on each of them. There are three cylindrical tanks, covered with metal sheets in

559-415: Is more than 2,000 m /s (71,000 cu ft/s) are shown. It can be thought of as a list of the biggest rivers on Earth, measured by a specific metric. For context, the volume of an Olympic-size swimming pool is 2,500 m (88,000 cu ft). The average flow rate at the mouth of the Amazon is sufficient to fill more than 83 such pools each second. The estimated global total for all rivers

602-739: Is only navigable for the same distance for craft drawing about 2 meters (7 ft) of water. The Madeira-Mamoré Railroad runs in a 365 km (227 mi) loop around the unnavigable section to Guajará-Mirim on the Mamoré River, but is not functional, limiting shipping from the Atlantic at Porto Velho. Today, it is also one of the Amazon basin 's most active waterways, and helps export close to four million tons of grains, which are loaded onto barges in Porto Velho , where both Cargill and Amaggi have loading facilities, and then shipped down

645-522: The Amazon River . It is also Rondônia's largest city, and the largest state capital of Brazil by area. The municipality occupies most of the border between Amazonas and Rondônia, and is both the westernmost and northernmost city in the state. Officially founded on October 2, 1914, Porto Velho was founded by pioneers around 1907, during the construction of the Madeira-Mamoré railroad . After

688-549: The Iara , the Boto and Mapinguari folklore , influenced by migrants. As for handicrafts , there are various exhibitions of indigenous works, utilities and adornment using raw materials like clay , vines, bamboo and rubber . The Artisan's House serves as a support to the initiatives of the genre. The collection of library articles in municipal Porto Velho was waiting for a permanent headquarters for several years until completion of

731-476: The railroad was completed, the local population was about one thousand inhabitants; its buildings were chiefly the railway's installations and the wooden houses of the Caribbean (mainly Barbadian ) workers - hence the name of the town's largest district by then, "Bajan Hill" or "Barbados Town", nowadays called the "Alto do Bode". During the first sixty years, the city's development was directly connected to

774-493: The 221,218 hectares (546,640 acres) Jacundá National Forest , a sustainable use conservation unit. The municipality contains 66% of the 197,364 hectares (487,700 acres) Jaci Paraná Extractive Reserve , created in 1996. It contains the 18,281 hectares (45,170 acres) Mujica Nava Ecological Station , created in 1996. It contains part of the Bom Futuro National Forest , established in 1988. The majority of

817-535: The 55,850 hectares (138,000 acres) Lago do Cuniã Extractive Reserve , created in 1999. It contains part of the strictly-protected Cuniã Ecological Station , an area of savannah parkland. It holds all of the strictly protected 87,412 hectares (216,000 acres) Serra dos Três Irmãos Ecological Station . It contains part of the Mapinguari National Park , a 1,776,914 hectares (4,390,850 acres) conservation unit created in 2008. It also contains part of

860-484: The Amazon's was needed again due to the war effort . This produced what is known in Brazil as the "second rubber boom ". Subsequently, when the war ended, the region's economy once again came to a halt. Porto Velho's modern history begins with the discovery of cassiterite around the city, and of gold on the Madeira River , at the end of the 1950s. In addition, the government's decision to allow large cattle farms in

903-591: The Bahia Carnival, with electric trios and 'Axé' groups. Two theaters enliven the cultural sector: The Municipal Theater, Avenida Nabuco (center) and Theatre Uirassu Rodrigues, Jose Bonifacio Street. The railway complex is located the Museum of Railroad Madeira-Mamore, in the city center. Within it lies the State Museum, with abundant material on archeology , ethnology and Mineralogy . The Museum

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946-779: The Brazilian Government to construct two hydroelectric dams on the Madeira River, the Santo Antônio Dam near Porto Velho and the Jirau Dam about 100 km upstream. Both the Jirau and Santo Antonio dams are run-of-the-river projects that do not impound a large reservoir. Both dams also feature some environmental re-mediation efforts (such as fish ladders). As a consequence, it has been suggested that there has not been strong environmental opposition to

989-610: The Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), between 1961 and 1990 the lowest temperature recorded in Porto Velho was 7.4 °C or 45.3 °F in July 1975, and the highest reached 40.9 °C or 105.6 °F in August 1969. The Amazon has over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and is the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world . Wet tropical forests are

1032-735: The Madeira from many large rivers, the principal of which, (from east to west), are the Guaporé or Iténez , the Baures and Blanco , the Itonamas or San Miguel , the Mamoré , Beni , and Madre de Dios or Mayutata , all of which are reinforced by numerous secondary but powerful affluents. The climate of the upper catchment area varies from humid in the western edge with the origin of the river's main stem by volume (Río Madre de Dios, Río Beni) to semi arid in

1075-642: The Madeira to the ports of Itacoatiara , near the mouth of the Madeira, just upstream on the left bank of the Amazon, or further down the Amazon, to the port of Santarem , at the mouth of the Tapajos River. From these two ports, Panamax -type ships then export the grains - mainly soy and corn - to Europe and Asia. The Madeira waterway is also used to take fuel from the REMAN refinery ( Petrobras ) in Manaus , state capital of Amazonas , to Porto Velho , from where

1118-503: The Municipal Library next to City Hall. The space has two air-conditioned floors in the city center. The Carnival takes place every year, attracting a large number of people from other cities and neighboring states of Rondônia. During the carnival, there are the parades of carnival and samba schools; among the best known are The Diplomats, Asfaltão, among others. In July Carnival happens out of season, with characteristics of

1161-482: The annual freshwater runoff into the oceans. Discharge rates to the oceans : Total global runoff rate by continent : Based on combination of model simulations and observed streamflow (hybrid). Porto Velho Porto Velho ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoʁtu ˈvɛʎu] , Old Port ) is the capital of the Brazilian state of Rondônia , in the upper Amazon River basin. The population

1204-413: The confluence of Madre de Dios and Mamoré rivers and downstream to Abuna River the Madeira flows northward forming border between Bolivia and Brazil . Below its confluence with the latter tributary the flow of river changes to north-eastward direction, inland of Rondônia state of Brazil. The section of the river from the border to Porto Velho has notable drop of bed and was not navigable. Before 2012

1247-530: The confluence that forms it, the Madeira is one of the largest rivers by discharge of the world, with a mean inter-annual discharge of 18,000 cubic metres per second (640,000 cu ft/s), i.e., 568 km (136 cu mi) per year, approximately half the discharge of the Congo River . On the further course towards the Amazon, the mean discharge of the Madeira increases up to 31,200 m/s (1,100,000 cu ft/s). Between Guajará-Mirim and

1290-535: The country are concerned, to bring in part of its raw materials, and export its produce to the major consumer centres of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro . In 2012, the cargo amounted to 287,835 tons (both directions). The total tonnage shipped in 2012 on the Madeira accounted to 5,076,014. Two large dams (see below) are under construction as part of the IIRSA regional integration project. The dam projects include large ship-locks capable of moving oceangoing vessels between

1333-629: The falls of Teotônio and of San Antônio existed here, they had higher flow rate and bigger level drop than more famous Boyoma Falls in Africa. Currently these rapids are submerged by the reservoir of Santo Antônio Dam . Below Porto Velho the Madeira meanders north-eastward through the Rondônia and Amazonas states of north west Brazil to its junction with the Amazon . The 283,117 hectares (2,800 km; 1,100 sq mi) Rio Madeira Sustainable Development Reserve , created in 2006, extends along

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1376-578: The falls of Teotônio, the Madeira receives the drainage of the north-eastern slopes of the Andes from Santa Cruz de la Sierra to Cuzco , the whole of the south-western slope of Brazilian Mato Grosso and the northern slope of the Chiquitos sierras. In total, this catchment area, which is slightly more than the combined area of all headwaters, is 850,000 km (330,000 sq mi), almost equal in size to France and Spain combined. The waters flow into

1419-449: The forest surrounding Porto Velho has been cut down, however. As of 2005 , GDP for the city was R$ 3,656,512,000. The per capita income for the city was R$ 9,779 for the same year. Porto Velho International Airport , 7 km from the city, has its main access at the Av. Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira, with two lanes. Buses from downtown run to the airport every hour, and there

1462-526: The implementation of the Madeira river complex. Yet, if the fish ladders fail, "several valuable migratory fish species could suffer near-extinction as a result of the Madeira dams." There are also concerns with deforestation and pressure on conservation areas and indigenous peoples' territories. The Worldwatch institute has also criticized the fast-track approval process for "kindler, gentler dams with smaller reservoirs, designed to lessen social and environmental impacts", claiming that no project should "fast-track

1505-597: The impounded reservoir and the downstream river. If the project is completed, "more than 4,000 km [2,500 mi] of waterways upstream from the dams in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru would become navigable." As typical of Amazonian rivers with the primary headwaters in the Andes, the Madeira River is turbid because of high sediment levels and it is whitewater , but some of its tributaries are clearwater (e.g., Aripuanã and Ji-Paraná ) or blackwater (e.g., Manicoré ). The Bolivian river dolphin , variously considered

1548-478: The licensing of new dams in Amazonia and allow projects to circumvent Brazil's tough environmental laws". Indigenous languages of the upper Madeira River basin (in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru): Note : † = extinct language List of rivers by discharge This article lists rivers by their average discharge measured in descending order of their water flow rate. Here, only those rivers whose discharge

1591-860: The most species-rich biome , and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species-rich than wet forests in Africa and Asia . As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity . More than one third of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest. The municipality contains what is left of the Rio Madeira Sustainable Yield Forest (B) and (C), created in 1990. It contains

1634-492: The north bank of the river opposite the town of Novo Aripuanã . At its mouth is Ilha Tupinambaranas , an extensive marshy region formed by the Madeira's distributaries. The Madeira river rises more than 15 m (50 ft) during the rainy season , and ocean vessels may ascend it to the Falls of San Antonio, near Porto Velho , Brazil, 1,070 km (660 mi) above its mouth; but in the dry months, from June to November, it

1677-412: The railway's activities. The town prospered during the rubber boom; after the discovery of cheap Malaysian rubber made that of the Amazon obsolete, the region's rubber-centered economy ground to a sudden halt. Cities like Santo Antônio do Madeira , which had a tram line and a weekly newspaper by the time of Porto Velho's foundation, are still nothing but ruins to this day. Porto Velho's survival

1720-497: The southernmost part with the Andine headwaters of the main stem by length ( Río Caine , Río Rocha , Río Grande , Mamoré). All of the upper branches of the river Madeira find their way to the falls across the open, almost level Mojos and Beni plains, 90,000 km (35,000 sq mi) of which are yearly flooded to an average depth of about one meter (3 ft) for a period of from three to four months. From its source in

1763-466: The states of Acre , Rondônia and parts of Mato Grosso are supplied mainly with gasoline (petrol) refined in Manaus . Cargo barges also use the Madeira on the route between Manaus and Porto Velho, which is 1,225 km (760 mi) along the Rio Negro , Amazon and Madeira, connecting Manaus' industrial district with the rest of Brazil, as Manaus is land-locked as far as logistics with the rest of

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1806-421: The territory began a trend of migration into the city. Almost one million people moved to Rondônia, and Porto Velho's population increased to three hundred thousand. This intense migration caused much trouble for the city. Among many other problems, the suburban boroughs, for example, were nothing but shanty towns . The Catedral Metropolitana Sagrado Coração de Jesus is the cathedral archiepiscopal see of

1849-610: Was completed only ten years later because of difficulties in transporting material. Original paintings of a religious nature inside the Cathedral, were executed by Father Angelo Cerri and Alfonso Liguori. The stained glass windows that surround it, with the themes of the Cross, were all donated by the community-velhense port. The city currently has seven football teams: CF Amazônia , Cruzeiro EC , Porto Velho EC , SC Genus de Porto Velho , SC Shallon , Moto EC and Rondoniense SC . In

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